Crop Improvement Prospectives
Crop Improvement is the main branch of Plant science/Plant Breeding and play an important role in improving crop plants in relation to their economic use for mankind. Crop Improvement is offered as a subject at UG and PG level in all the Indian Agricultural Universities and Colleges. The main objectives of writing this book "Crop Improvement-I (Kharif)" is to help National as well as International students. The main features of this book are given below:1. It covers the syllabus of different Agriculture sectors like Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Agricultural Research Services Examination and National Eligibility Test conducted by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.2.The language is simple and easily understandable.3.Key references have been given.I hope this book will be useful for the students, teachers and researchers in the field of Plant Breeding.
Improvement and seed production of annual crops
This book, entitled Improvement and seed production of annual crops, brings together in 15 chapters technical and scientific information related to seed production and genetic improvement of annual crops such as soya, maize, wheat and beans. The book covers issues of seed production field management, adaptability and stability of genotypes grown in different soil and climate conditions, alternative fertilisations as a source of nitrogen, phytosanitary implications in seed production and breeding, as well as a review of the main aspects that must be observed when choosing and positioning superior genotypes, aiming for high yields in the agricultural context. We wish you all a great read.
HBV infection in waste pickers in Goi璽nia-GO
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide, despite the vaccination programs implemented over the last decade. It is estimated that 2 billion individuals have been exposed to HBV and more than 240 million are chronically infected worldwide. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B are at high risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Waste pickers live in precarious social and environmental conditions. Currently, there is little data on HBV infection in this population. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological profile of HBV infection in a population of waste pickers in Goi璽nia-Go.
Microbiological Profile of Hospital Infections in ICUs
Hospital-acquired infections are a serious public health problem, leading to increased morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to intensive care units, complications related to health care, as well as longer hospital stays and consequently higher hospital costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological profile of hospital-acquired infections in intensive care units (ICUs) at a public hospital of reference for high complexity in the state of Piau穩. A total of 33 medical records were assessed for the months of June, July, August and September 2014. A death rate of 57.6 per cent was identified, 33.3 per cent related to respiratory system infection, with Klebsiella spp responsible for 22.2 per cent of infection cases, which revealed 100 per cent sensitivity to carbapenem antimicrobials (meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem), followed by Acinetobacter spp (18.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.8%) and Escherichia coli (11.1%), respectively sensitive to Poliximine B and Tigecycline(100%), Amikacin(100%), and Amikacin(100%), Cefepime(100%), Tigecycline(100%).
Principle of Testing with flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a useful method for obtaining the phenotype and characteristics of cells. It is based on the scattering of light by the cells under test and the emission of fluorescence from them. Fluorescence emission is achieved either by the direct use of fluorescent dyes or a combination of fluorescent dyes and monoclonal antibodies. These fluorescence-conjugated antibodies can detect and bind to surface molecules or internal compounds of cells, making it possible to identify cell types in a diverse cell population by flow cytometry. This method was basically developed by immunologists who tried to sort pure populations of cells from each other and after proliferating them in cell culture medium to study the individual role of each cell in the immune system. Nowadays, the use of modern technologies to increase the speed of doing work and ease of doing them is expanding increasingly. Flow cytometry is commonly used to identify cell line, analyze mature cell tissue, and detect heterogeneity in tumor cell population. In the last decade, the use of this method in clinical laboratories and diagnosis of various types of cancer has increased dramatically.
Scientometric Evaluation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Cancer is defined as a chronic multi-causal disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth of cells that invade tissues and organs and can spread to other parts of the body. It is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries, due to the rapid growth of the older population. This scientometric study focused on the evaluation of prostate adenocarcinoma using FISH as a cytomolecular tool for analysing the PTEN gene, in the SCOPUS database from 2005 to 2015. The study was carried out using the keywords: 'prostatic neoplasms and PTEN and FISH'.
Molecular Characterization of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Gram-negative bacteria constitute a huge public health problem. Among them, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii are the main bacteria contributing to increased rates of antimicrobial resistance. Infections caused by these bacteria can have a negative impact on the financial costs and outcomes of patient hospitalization. The increased consumption of antimicrobials and the poor implementation of infection control measures in the hospital setting are the two main causative factors for their emergence. Deep knowledge of the virulent factors that these bacteria produce could provide useful information regarding their spread.The main problem concerning infections caused by these bacteria is that treatment options are extremely limited, as there has been a poor launch of novel antimicrobials over the last few years. The molecular epidemiology of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is significant as it can determine which of these few new antimicrobial agents could be effective for their treatment. This Special Issue collects manuscript submissions that expand our knowledge of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
High-intensity interval exercise causes cardiac remodelling
HIIT (high-intensity interval training) has the potential to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors, but its effects on cardiac remodelling and the local renin-angiotensin system in mice fed a high-fat or high-fructose diet have yet to be clarified. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups according to the diet offered (control, high-fat or high-fructose) and monitored for eight weeks before the HIIT protocol. The animals were then subdivided into six groups, three groups began a twelve-week HIIT protocol, while the other three remained sedentary. HIIT reduced body mass and systolic blood pressure, while increasing insulin sensitivity after ingesting the HF and HFRU diets. In addition, HIIT reduced the left ventricular hypertrophy caused by both diets. This study shows the effectiveness of HIIT sessions in producing significant improvements in insulin resistance and attenuating left ventricular hypertrophy.
Artificial Intelligence Advances for Medical Computer-Aided Diagnosis
This Special Issue, "Artificial Intelligence Advances for Medical Computer-Aided Diagnosis," explores the transformative role of AI and ML in modern diagnostics. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, this collection highlights innovative algorithms, models, and applications that enhance diagnostic accuracy, speed, and predictive power across various medical fields, including radiology, pathology, genomics, and personalized medicine. This issue includes 12 articles, spanning theoretical advancements, algorithm development, and practical implementations, showcasing the broad impact and future potential of AI-driven diagnostics. Each contribution offers unique insights into overcoming current challenges, improving clinical decision-making, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. This compilation serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and technologists, fostering further innovation and collaboration in advancing medical diagnostics. Join us in exploring the latest breakthroughs and future directions in AI-driven healthcare, as we strive to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency for better patient care.
Handbook of Research on Nano-Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
With contributions from leading researchers in the nanomedicine field from industry, academia, and government and private research institutions across the globe, the volume provides an up-to-date report on topical issues in nano-drug delivery and nanotechnological approaches to tissue engineering. The volume offers research on a variety of diverse nano-based drug delivery systems along with discussions of their efficacy, safety, toxicology, and applications for different purposes. Focusing on nanotechnology approaches to tissue engineering, this volume considers the use of hydrogel systems, nanoceria and micro- and nano-structured biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells, and more.
Oxidative Stress in Brain Function
The different cellular mechanisms that govern complex brain functions are regulated through intrinsic (genetic) or external (environmental) factors. One of the most critical regulatory axes at the cellular level is established around the cellular capacities that counteract the oxidative stress emerging in different pathophysiological contexts. At the brain level, this control is essential due to the limited capacity of neurons in forming new cells. Therefore, brain cells cope very efficiently with oxidative stress, and their functions are only altered when these cellular strategies are overwhelmed. This reprint contains original research and review articles on the regulation of cellular processes where antioxidant defenses are essential for maintaining the normal functioning of brain cells, including different cellular signaling mechanisms and their dysfunction.
Plant Signaling, Behavior and Communication
This Special Issue reprint focuses on the exquisite and cognitive plant behaviors emerging from their complex relationship with a constantly changing environment, including the vast network of communications that link plants to other plants and different organisms. More and more evidence has demonstrated that plants are not merely stimulus-response reactive objects, responding passively to the external environment. On the contrary, they have their own plant-specific agency, and their interactions with the variable environment involves directed and intentional actions that are regulated by sophisticated processes of sensing and signaling. Such interactions form communication networks with neighboring plants that also interfere positively or negatively in the way each individual thrives.
Scientific Advancements for an Innovative Agri-Food Supply Chain towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals III
A year after (two years from the beginning), with the completion of this third Special Issue on the Innovative Agri-food Supply Chain (IAFSC), the world is still changing, with serious regional troubles and disputes drastically affecting the global economy and growth. Innovation plays a vital role in modernizing the AFSC towards the 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda set by United Nations in 2015 to achieve a sustainable future. Among other things, SDGs provide a basis to end poverty, eradicate hunger, protect the planet, and improve quality of life in the word, ensuring a balance between social, economic, and environmental sustainability.In this special edition, selected papers on the prospects, challenges, and sustainability of the Innovative AFSC in the new global economy are presented. The driving force of the chain remains, no doubt, the end users of the food, namely, the consumers. The topic of this Special Issue includes modern, state-of-the-art research topics on the subjects of the "primary sector" (five papers), "innovative foods" (one paper), food waste management (three papers), "consumers' and stakeholders" perceptions of foods (four papers), and food diets (one paper). Overall, a total of 14 papers are presented in this issue.
Natural products for hypoglycemic
Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a chronic disease of carbohydrate metabolism, but lipid and protein metabolism are also affected. Other workers defined diabetes mellitus as a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism resulting from dysfunction of pancreatic beta calls and insulin resistance. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Current use of dietary fibre in natural medicine which includes its uses for all types of liver and gall bladder disorders, diabetes and high cholesterol diseasesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood and widespread complications. It is the world's largest endocrine disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a syndrome of abnormal carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism resulting in hyperglycaemia with acute metabolic and orthopedic complications affecting many organs of the body.
Management of Calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus) kept in captivity
Behavioural studies of the cockatiel species Nymphicus hollandicus are scarce in the literature.A better understanding of their behaviour in captivity is crucial for a better understanding of their physical and social needs, thus contributing to proper management in commercial breeding facilities, since the cockatiel is one of the most widely bred species of Psittaciformes in the world as a pet bird, as well as other species of psittaciformes, including endangered birds, thus aiding in fauna conservation projects and the breeding of psittaciformes in zoos. In addition, captive animals depend exclusively on man for their survival, so animal welfare becomes an indispensable element for a satisfactory quality of life in captivity.
The Underworld
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - From bestselling author Susan Casey, an awe-inspiring portrait of the mysterious world beneath the waves, and the men and women who seek to uncover its secrets "An irresistible mix of splendid scholarship, heart-stopping adventure writing, and vivid, visceral prose." --Sy Montgomery, New York Times best-selling author of The Soul of an Octopus For all of human history, the deep ocean has been a source of wonder and terror, an unknown realm that evoked a singular, compelling question: What's down there? Unable to answer this for centuries, people believed the deep was a sinister realm of fiendish creatures and deadly peril. But now, cutting-edge technologies allow scientists and explorers to dive miles beneath the surface, and we are beginning to understand this strange and exotic underworld: A place of soaring mountains, smoldering volcanoes, and valleys 7,000 feet deeper than Everest is high, where tectonic plates collide and separate, and extraordinary life forms operate under different rules. Far from a dark void, the deep is a vibrant realm that's home to pink gelatinous predators and shimmering creatures a hundred feet long and ancient animals with glass skeletons and sharks that live for half a millennium--among countless other marvels. Susan Casey is our premiere chronicler of the aquatic world. For The Underworld she traversed the globe, joining scientists and explorers on dives to the deepest places on the planet, interviewing the marine geologists, marine biologists, and oceanographers who are searching for knowledge in this vast unseen realm. She takes us on a fascinating journey through the history of deep-sea exploration, from the myths and legends of the ancient world to storied shipwrecks we can now reach on the bottom, to the first intrepid bathysphere pilots, to the scientists who are just beginning to understand the mind-blowing complexity and ecological importance of the quadrillions of creatures who live in realms long thought to be devoid of life. Throughout this journey, she learned how vital the deep is to the future of the planet, and how urgent it is that we understand it in a time of increasing threats from climate change, industrial fishing, pollution, and the mining companies that are also exploring its depths. The Underworld is Susan Casey's most beautiful and thrilling book yet, a gorgeous evocation of the natural world and a powerful call to arms.
Roses
Seaton highlights that there was no universally known language by revealing the symbolism associated with flowers through an emphasis on important flower books from each culture. A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. The rose is a type of flowering shrub. Its name comes from the Latin word Rosa. Roses come in a stunning array of colors and varieties, with over 100 species and thousands of cultivars available. While the classic red, pink, white, and yellow roses remain popular choices, these beautiful flowers can also be found in unique shades including orange, purple, and even black. The diversity in colors, shapes, and sizes of roses makes them versatile and captivating.
General Concept of Biomolecules
Biochemistry is concerned with the structure of living matter i.e. structure as all living entities constitute four basic types of biomolecules namely carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. It is essential to know the biochemical structure and functional basis with the origin of molecules, before studying cell and molecular biology. So this book is designed for fulfillment of the above mentioned molecular structure. As this book is properly composed after reviewing different renowned books on this aspect, this book concisely maintained every topic related to the biomolecules structure and function. Reviewers as well as readers get pleasure by reading this book. Hope this book will help as well as guide the postgraduate and undergraduate students on the course of Biochemistry in a simplified manner.
Climate Chronicles
"Climate Chronicles: Understanding Global Changes" offers a comprehensive examination of climate change, delving into its scientific foundations, historical context, and far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity, societies, and economies. The book emphasizes the interconnectedness of these challenges and the necessity for a multifaceted approach to address them. It explores the vulnerabilities of natural and human systems, the economic and social justice implications, and the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation strategies. Highlighting innovative solutions such as clean energy technologies, carbon capture, climate-resilient agriculture, and sustainable practices, the book underscores the importance of community engagement and social innovation. It also stresses the critical role of international cooperation and climate diplomacy in achieving global climate goals. Ultimately, "Climate Chronicles" calls for a collective, science-based, and inclusive approach to navigating the complexities of climate change and ensuring a sustainable future for all.
Omics Approaches for Crop Improvement
The growing human population and climate change are imposing unprecedented challenges on the global food supply. Crop improvement demands enhancing agronomical essential traits such as yield, resistance, and nutritional value by pivoting direct and indirect genetically assisted approaches to cope with these pressures. The development of last-generation high-throughput screening technologies, known as omics, promises to speed up plant trait improvement. Large-scale techniques such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics have already retrieved large volumes of data, as never before, which merged through bioinformatics and machine learning approaches; they are helping us to understand the mechanisms behind crop features. Omics datasets are not only generated from the tissues of a single genotype but also permeate macro-scale interactions to deepen our knowledge of crop behavior across the microbial and environmental continua. However, despite these massive technological and computational developments, cohesive efforts to combine contrasting omics studies within common pathways and cellular networks of crop systems are in their infancy. Therefore, this reprint envisions offering updated views on multidimensional large-scale omics-based approaches by compiling studies that explore the uses of the omics paradigm and their integration through trans-disciplinary bioinformatics as tools to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits in crop species.
From Observations to Optimal Phylogenetic Trees
This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis, and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology.
Theory and Practice of Contrast
The book Theory and Practice of Contrast completes, corrects and integrates the foundations of science and humanities, which include: theory of art, philosophy (aesthetics, epistemology, ontology, axiology), cognitive science, theory of information, theory of complexity and physics.
Exploring the Blue Bioeconomy
This book provides an overview of marine bioresources in the blue bioeconomy for readers curious about the blue bioeconomy. It delivers potential applications of marine macro and microorganisms in different industries such as biomedical, functional food, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, ecotourism, industrially important minerals, etc.
Cassava Mosaic Disease
"Cassava Mosaic Disease: Current Status and Prospects" provides an in-depth analysis of one of the most significant threats to cassava production worldwide. This comprehensive volume delves into the aetiology, epidemiology, and management strategies of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), offering a detailed overview of the latest research and advancements in combating this devastating plant virus. Highlighting the progress made in disease surveillance, resistant variety development, integrated pest management, and molecular biology, the book also explores future prospects, including cutting-edge breeding techniques, enhanced surveillance systems, and sustainable vector control methods. Designed for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers, this book aims to equip stakeholders with the knowledge and tools necessary to safeguard cassava crops and ensure food security for millions.
Advanced Research on Biological Control of Plant Disease or Microbial Interactions
Plant diseases are caused by a large number of plant pathogens, with fungi, bacteria, and viruses being the main causes of the loss of crop yield and quality worldwide. Although several control strategies have been developed to reduce the negative effects of plant diseases, biological control remains an environmentally friendly and cost-effective green technique in environmental protection and agricultural production; it generally uses selected bioresources, including beneficial microorganisms. This Special Issue will comprehensively explore the general principles and advances in the "Biological Control of Plant Disease or Microbial interactions", in relation to the modes of action and applications of biocontrol agents in the control of plant diseases, interactions between plant pathogens and biocontrol agents, and biological control agents and their mechanisms.
Antimicrobial Biomaterials
Biomaterials can be used as implantable devices or drug delivery platforms with a significant influence on a patients' quality of life. Indeed, every year a substantial number of new biomaterials and scaffolding systems are engineered and introduced in the biomedical field with increased potential for biomedical uses. However, their long-term use can be threatened by the adhesion and proliferation of microorganisms, which can interact and form biofilms, or the formation of fibrosis, with cytotoxic responses being very common. Pathogenic microorganisms may cause local infection and consequent implant failure; furthermore, they can hinder the delivery of therapeutic molecules by specialized delivery platforms, turning them ineffective. Many alternatives have been proposed over the years to prevent such events, including the use of antiseptics and antibiotics or the physical modification of the biomaterial surface, with the incorporation of biomolecules of interest. From specialized polymers and functional groups to silver and, more recently, antimicrobial peptides and natural extracts, different functionalization/modification techniques have been employed in this fight against pathogenic agents.
International Conference EcoBalt 2023 ”Chemicals & Environment”
This reprint includes the abstracts of talks and posters presented at the International Conference EcoBalt 2023 "Chemicals & Environment" on 9-11 October 2023, Tallinn, Estonia. During the two and a half days of this onsite event, close to 200 participants from 21 countries had a chance attend the presentations, which covered the topics of environmental chemistry and toxicology, ecology, analytical chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, and the implications and applications of nanomaterials.
Plasma Applications in Biomedicine
"Plasma Applications in Biomedicine" explores the innovative intersection of physics and life sciences, focusing on the use of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) for disease treatment and tissue regeneration. Initially used for material processing, CAPs have evolved to engage intricately with biological tissues, offering novel disinfection and healing capabilities without thermal damage. CAPs are gaining attention in healthcare, especially dermatology and surgery, for their antibacterial properties, ability to treat chronic wounds, and effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA. The medical applications of CAPs fall into the following two categories: direct and indirect treatments, which utilize various plasma devices such as torches, jets, and needles. CAPs produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that modulate biological responses, particularly in hydrated or liquid environments. This Special Issue of Biomedicine compiles cutting-edge research on CAPs and plasma-activated liquids (PALs), highlighting their therapeutic potential across diverse medical fields, including endodontics, wound healing, tissue regeneration, cancer treatment, and antibacterial solutions for bone infections and vaginal health. The featured studies underscore the transformative potential of plasma technology in medicine, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize its therapeutic benefits and understand its mechanisms of action.
Molecular Genetics and Plant Breeding 2.0
Global food production is in jeopardy as potential yields are reaching saturation and biotic and abiotic pressures proliferate both spatially and temporally, unable to keep pace with population growth. In order to address the climate crisis and the loss of agrobiodiversity while ensuring sustainable food security, it has become essential to mobilize trans-disciplinary enterprises that promote integrative agendas amongst the otherwise fragmented fields of molecular genetics, plant breeding, genetic conservation, physiology, ecology, seed delivery, and food policy.
Zebrafish Models for Development and Disease 3.0
The zebrafish model organism is an important tool used to study normal developmental biology, genetic diseases and the influences of environmental toxins. New biotechnologies are being applied to the model system to elucidate biological and pathophysiological mechanisms. The zebrafish model is used to study various cellular, physiological and system biology problems. The zebrafish has various advantages for study, as the organism is simpler than that of most other vertebrates; however, there is also a high degree of conservation with the other vertebrates. This Special Issue of Biomedicines, entitled "Zebrafish Models in Development and Disease", highlights the extraordinary capabilities of the model that can help us to understand biological complexity in a normal or diseased state. The model will continue to grow and contribute to biomedical knowledge in the future.
Physiological and Molecular Biology Research on Ornamental Flower
Ornamental plants play an essential role in human life and hold broad applications in agriculture, industry, and medicine, making them of paramount research interest. This Special Issue of Horticulturae belongs to the section "Physiological and Molecular Biology Research on Ornamental Flowers". It is aimed at elucidating the potential mechanisms behind the growth, development, and stress responses of ornamental plants. It highlights new insights into the variations in flower color and scent, the development and utilization of ornamental flowers, and the environmental adaptation of these plants. The articles in this Reprint were peer-reviewed by experts and guest editors; they are published in Horticulturae with full open access. This Special Issue comprises 12 papers, including 10 research articles, 1 review, and 1 essay article, providing a representative and valuable collection for ornamental plant research. It offers perspectives for future research and enhances our understanding of the physiology and molecular biology of ornamental flowers and their applications in horticulture. Through this compilation, we aim to improve floral products, thereby serving both humanity and nature
Bioinformatics analysis of Zika virus
Zika virus is a mosquito based flavivirus which is currently main attention of pandemic and public health emergency. Previously Zika virus was limited to periodic cases in Africa and Asia, then onwards the emergence of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, has shown a rapid spread throughout the American countries. Many attempts were made to design vaccines to combat the virus but yet the trials are still in process.
The Immune Mind
Superbly written with excellent insights...One of the best nonfiction books I've read! --Dr. Rupy Aujla, author of The Doctor's Kitchen Until a decade ago, we misunderstood a fundamental aspect of human health. Although the brain and the body have always been viewed as separate entities--treated in separate hospitals--science now shows that they are intimately linked. Startlingly, we now know that our immune system is in constant communication with our brain and can directly alter our mental health. This has opened up a new frontier in medicine. Could inflammation cause depression, and could arthritis drugs cure it? Can gut microbes alter your mood? Can something as simple as brushing your teeth properly reduce your risk of dementia? Could childhood infections lie behind neurological and psychiatric disorders such as tics and obsessive compulsive disorder? In The Immune Mind, Dr. Monty Lyman explores the fascinating connection between the mind, immune system, and microbiome. A specialist in the cutting-edge field of immuno-psychiatry, Lyman argues that we need to change the way we treat disease and the way we see ourselves. For the first time, we have a new approach to medicine that treats the whole human being.
Intergenerational dermatoglyphics in dizygotic twins and their parents
The science of human movement, through genetics, looks to Dermatoglyphics as a very important experience for Physical Education professionals. In order to identify the genetics of human variability, we must learn about human development, from the moment the individual's zygote is formed until death, resulting from its chromosomes. The correlated results between twins and their parents reflect the level of the fingerprints, although their short time of existence maintains this picture for future generations, making it important to know, ever more deeply, genetic functionalities. The aim is to diagnose the morphofunctional characteristics of each gender, as well as to select their potential and their Dermatoglyphic gifts. Through dermatoglyphic characteristics. The applicability of Dermatoglyphics as a genetic marker for optimizing strategies is verified. The problem with this study was the need to observe and correlate the characteristics studied. In this way, we can demonstrate its relevance, especially to the academic community, by analyzing and recording the genotype aspect, making it possible to use it to optimize strategies.
Antifungal Potentialities of Nanobiocides
This work targeted the management of green mold disease of citrus fruit caused by Penicillium digitatum through eco-friendly approaches. Epiphytic biocontrol agents were isolated from the surfaces of orange fruit and screened for their antagonistic bioactivity against Penicillium digitatum. The isolate showed the highest antifungal activity was identified morphologically and to the molecular level as Enterobacter sp. SH-87 strain. In-vitro experiments demonstrated that Enterobacter sp. was able to produce metabolites which efficient in reducing the fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the in-vivo findings indicated that the fermentation broth (FB) decreased disease incidences of artificially infected oranges. The broth compounds including chitosan CHS, salicylic acid SA, and cinnamic acid CA were evaluated against the green mold pathogen. Chitosan was exposed to gamma rays and the prepared CHS, CHSSA, and CHSCA nanobiocides were characterized by using DLS, Zeta potential, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. Data clarified that the synthesized biocides have nano properties. Nanobiocides were exploited for coating citrus fruit to reduce disease incidence.
Immune Biomarkers in Preeclampsia
The study was carried out in Department of Biochemistry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India. Serum IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β levels were analyzed in serum and cord blood of 20 normotensive pregnant (group I) and 20 pregnant women with preeclampsia (group II). Findings of high Serum IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β in preeclamptic women (both in maternal and cord blood) suggest a definite role of inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and therefore, may be useful in diagnosing patients with preeclampsia and identifying future cardiovascular risk. There may be a place of anti-inflammatory agents in management of preeclampsia.
Fly Biology, Ecology, Behavior and Management
Diptera, known as the "true" flies, is one of the most numerous and diverse orders of insects, comprising about 125,000 species widely distributed throughout the world. These insects play an ecologically relevant role and bear significant importance to humans. Just as certain flies act as pollinators, decomposers, predators, and parasitoids, others are vectors of human diseases and represent serious pests of agriculture, stables, and barnyards. Several dipterans are involved in forensic legal investigations. This Special Issue invites the submission of original research articles and reviews to deepen the biological, ecological, and behavioral knowledge of this diversified insect group and to cover management strategies for both pest and disease vector species. This involves a wide range of studies, such as life history, physiological aspects, reproduction, demographic traits, the ecology and evolution of behavioral patterns, population fluctuation and dynamics, diversity, abundance, trophic relationships, host range and status, natural enemies, integrated pest management, and control tactics.
Molecular Action of Polyphenols on Insulin Resistance
The book discusses about the work that focuses on medicinal biochemistry with an aim to understand the molecular mechanism of insulin signaling pathways, its negative regulator protein Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), associated related oxidative stress, and identification of potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery by studying the PTP1B-ligand interactions through computational biology. The in-silico analysis was further validated using phytochemical in-vitro methods.The in-silico approach was applied to screen & identify a database of anti-diabetic polyphenols for its drug-likeness properties and molecular interaction with the target protein (PTP1B). The top-hit polyphenol was further subjected to simulation studies to understand the molecular interactions.To validate the in-silico results, in-vitro analyses were carried out using herbal plants extracts. The herbal extracts containing the polyphenols were used to study its effect on glucose uptake, its antioxidative property, PTP1B inhibition by individual herbal extracts, as well as to study synergistic effect of different combinations of herbal extracts on PTP1B inhibition.
Characterization and serological survey of the Influenza Virus
Respiratory diseases account for 95% of all illnesses that affect humans and are among the most studied diseases today. Their prevalence and incidence on all continents occurs in all age groups, and the multiplicity of their etiological agents means that ARIs (acute respiratory infections) are undoubtedly one of the world's biggest public health problems (Graham, 1991). Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for epidemics of respiratory diseases that occur worldwide, often associated with increased hospitalization and death rates (Mello et al., 1997a). The influenza C virus usually causes a much milder respiratory illness or no associated systemic symptoms and therefore does not have a significant impact on public health (Mims et al., 1995). The influenza A virus is distributed worldwide, affecting around 600 million people every year and is responsible for the frequent occurrence of outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics (Toniolo, 2001). This book presents an epidemiological study carried out by the respiratory virus group at the Federal University of Alagoas.
Zebrafish as an Experimental Model for Biomedical Research
"Zebrafish as an Experimental Model for Biomedical Research" extensively explores the pivotal role of zebrafish in modern scientific studies. This book begins with an introduction to the biological characteristics of zebrafish, including their anatomy, physiology, and developmental stages, providing a solid foundation for understanding their use in research. The use of zebrafish in modeling human diseases is thoroughly examined, with detailed discussions on their applications in studying developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions, and cancer. The book also explores the role of zebrafish in toxicology, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and environmental toxicology. High-throughput screening techniques and behavioral assays in zebrafish are also covered, showcasing their utility in drug discovery and neuropsychiatric research. Ethical considerations in zebrafish research are discussed, emphasizing the importance of humane practices and regulatory compliance. The book concludes with future perspectives and challenges, encouraging continuous innovation in zebrafish research.
Textbook of BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS
Biology is a branch of science which deals with the study of living organism. It also referred as natural Science. This book focus on basic understands about classification of living organisms, genetics, biomolecules, energy metabolism and microbiology. The classification of living organisms based on morphological, biochemical and ecological aspects. In genetics, the concepts of Mendel's laws of inheritance to predict single gene disorder in human. The biomolecules chapter is dedicated on dietary biomolecules for healthy life. Metabolism chapter is focal point on energy metabolism and energy transfer in biological systems. Last chapter is about the basic introduction to microbiology in context with classification and identification of microorganisms. This chapter also gives outline about the structure, types and pathogenesis of virus. This book is designed for engineering students to overcome their possible fear about biology and address the biological aspects with confidence. This book also provides the fundamentals of biology in an easy manner that increases interest among the engineering students.
Study of Lipid Peroxidation in Pre-eclampsia
The present study was carried out in patients with pre-eclampsia (Group I, n= 25), and also in age and parity matched normotensive pregnant women (Group IB n=25) and normal non-pregnant women (Group IA, n = 25) admitted in obstetrics and Gynaecology wards of the Medical College and Hospital between October 1993 to March 1994. The observations made in the three groups were analysed. The following results were obtained: - All the pre-eclamptic women (Group II) had proteinuria. Five women had complaints of headache, nausea, vomiting and syncope. Five patients had edema over the face and abdomen in addition to feet.- Mean values of systolic and diastolic BP recorded in preeclamptic women were 149.6 102.6 mmHg and in normotensive pregnant being 111.28 mmHg and 66.24 mmHg respectively.- In pre-eclamptic women uric acid level was increased (mean 7.68 mg%) than normotensive pregnant (mean 5.0 mg%). - In normotensive pregnant ( group I B) mean birth weight was 2500g and gestation age was 38.2 weeks (range 37 to 40 weeks).
Substrate degradation by sun mushroom
This book presents the work carried out during the author's master's degree and relates the degradation of lignocellulose as it appears to the fungus. In the case of degradation studies, it is essential to understand the physiology of fungi so that production processes can be optimised. This book presents the main enzymes produced by the fungus Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricus subrufescens) in two types of substrates, mapping the dynamics of enzyme production and the degradative counter-evidence of substrate elements using specific techniques. A must-read for anyone who works with mushroom cultivation and wants to deepen their knowledge.
Teaching Natural Sciences
This book presents the results of research, dialogues and reflections involving the area of natural sciences teaching, exploring various elements of research, such as: application and validation of teaching sequences/units, analysis of student perceptions and mapping of scientific productions. I wish you a good read and hope that as you go through each chapter, you will feel more motivated to understand and explore the 'world' of education.
Molecular identification of the CTX-M resistance gene in bacteria
The CTX-M resistance gene produces Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that are capable of inhibiting the action of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobials by irreversibly hydroxylating the amide bond of the beta-lactam ring of these antimicrobials. In general, the gene that codes for ESBLs is located on plasmids, and these enzymes are characterised by their ability to inactivate beta-lactam antimicrobials such as penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams, with the exception of carbapenems. Its hydrolytic action towards antimicrobials can be interrupted with the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. The CTX-M gene originated from the mobilisation of beta-lactam resistance genes present in the chromosomes of Kluyvera spp. bacteria, which from point mutations derived into different subtypes of the gene, in response to the selective pressure intensified by the widespread indiscriminate use of beta-lactam antimicrobials.
Illustrated Guide to Zoology
This work was created during practical science lessons at a public school in the city of Teresina, Piau穩, Brazil. The aim was to show the biodiversity of the fauna found in the green area of the Professor Camillo Filho Municipal School, thus arousing students' interest in zoology content and encouraging teachers to carry out more practical lessons. The animals that make up this material have been divided into two groups, invertebrates and vertebrates. Within each group they are organized in alphabetical order of their popular names. Each animal contains taxonomic information, characteristics, habitat, distribution, behavior, feeding, reproduction, habits and economic importance, as well as a table of curiosities entitled Did you know? What's the difference? Box Navegando - with indications of sites for research and a glossary. This book can therefore be used as a teaching resource for zoology.
Climate Change and Microbes
This book provides an enlightening picture of the role of microbes for sustaining life systems and how climatic factors will change the course of the processes. Climate Change and Microbes: Impacts and Vulnerability explores the little-addressed issue of the effects of climate change on microbial ecosystems and the influence of climate change on microbiome diversity across various habitats and regions.Recent years have seen the evidence that microbial communities are neither immune to disruption nor do they have the capacity to recover completely after a stressful climate event. This volume documents the important role of microorganisms as climate engineers and considers mitigation and adaptation strategies as well. It goes on to present the research that addresses a diverse array of topics on the impact of climate change on plant-microbe interactions and microbial aquatic life and change-induced aggravations in microbial populations and processes. The book also addresses microbial foodborne diseases resulting from challenging climates. Other topics include algae as indicators of climate change and strategies for facilitating sustainable agro-ecosystems.This book will be immensely helpful in the study of plant microbiology, agricultural sciences, biotechnology, climate science, and environmental microbiology. It will also be applicable to the field of microbial biotechnology, agricultural, and other life and environmental sciences.
Dietary Interventions for Human General and Oral Health and Disease Reduction
Nutrition is considered an integral part of health and oral health in terms of treatment and prevention. Thus, different strategies should be employed, as described in this Special Issue, including weight management and control, the incorporation of probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary supplementation. This Special Issue reprint also covers the aspects of dental and oral health impacting systemic health and quality of life. Hence, risk factors and health behaviors have been identified and discussed. The significance of this Special Issue reprint has been outlined by examining and exploring the effects of diet and nutrition on health and oral health issues that affect well-being and quality of life.
