My First Book of Evolution
My First Book of Evolution uses fascinating bite-size facts, clear and simple explanations and attractive and absorbing illustrations to illuminate the mysteries of evolution. When did life first appear on Earth? How did humans evolve? How did giraffe's necks get longer? Are humans now perfectly designed? My First Book of Evolution answers these and many more questions about evolution and how it works in a fun and entertaining way. Simple concepts such as what is a family tree, what is a species, what is a cell and more complex ideas of natural selection, adaptation, speciation and the inheritance of traits are explained clearly using imaginative and appealing charts, graphics and illustrations accompanied by simple, bite-size nuggets of explanatory text.
Synthetic Biology Handbook
The book begins with an in-depth exploration of the role of genetic engineering technology in the manipulation of organisms' genetics. It provides a foundational understanding of the principles and applications of genetic engineering in the context of Synthetic Biology. It also delves into the present and future applications of molecular cloning, ranging from aquaculture to plant heterosis and anticancer activities. The book covers advanced topics related to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), including its principles, applications in infectious diseases, and specifics such as annealing temperature and primer binding. The book serves as a valuable resource for students and academics in biology, genetics, and related disciplines, offering a comprehensive guide to Synthetic Biology and its interdisciplinary intersections. This book caters to professionals and researchers seeking in-depth understanding of the principles and applications of genetic engineering and Synthetic Biology.
Medical Bacteriology. Volume 11
Bacteriology is the branch and speciality of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics, identification, classification and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. Bacteriology is important in medicine, public health and sanitation work, agriculture, food-processing, and industry. The importance of bacteriology is undeniable; in fact, the study of the action of bacteria in health and in disease, inside and outside the animal body, has revealed so many new facts. Major advances in bacteriology over the last century resulted in the development of many effective vaccines (e.g., pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid). This book is a review of the medically important aspects of bacteriology and covers both the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, and also discusses important infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This book presents current, medically important information in the rapidly changing fields of bacteriology.
Utilization of Waste Biomass in Energy, Environment and Catalysis
This book cover problems of controlled synthesis of biomass materials and effect of their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics on their adsorption or desorption capacity and recent progress on green catalysts derived from biomass for various catalytic applications including socioeconomic impacts on environment.
Is Earth Exceptional?
A New York Times-bestselling astrophysicist and a Nobel laureate take us on "a mesmerizing exploration" (Jennifer Doudna) to discover how and where the universe breathed itself into life For a long time, scientists have wondered how life has emerged from inanimate chemistry, and whether Earth is the only place where it exists. Charles Darwin speculated about life on Earth beginning in a warm little pond. Some of his contemporaries believed that life existed on Mars. It once seemed inevitable that the truth would be known by now. It is not. For more than a century, the origins and extent of life have remained shrouded in mystery. But, as Mario Livio and Jack Szostak reveal in Is Earth Exceptional?, the veil is finally lifting. The authors describe how life's building blocks--from RNA to amino acids and cells--could have emerged from the chaos of Earth's early existence. They then apply the knowledge gathered from cutting-edge research across the sciences to the search for life in the cosmos: both life as we know it and life as we don't. Why and where life exists are two of the biggest unsolved problems in science. Is Earth Exceptional? is the ultimate exploration of the question of whether life is a freak accident or a chemical imperative.
Rumbles
The fascinating--and often secret--history of the body's most fascinating system: the gut. The stomach is notoriously outspoken. It growls, gurgles, and grumbles while other organs remain silent, inconspicuous, and content. For centuries humans have puzzled over this rowdy, often overzealous organ, deliberating on the extent of its influence over cognition, mental well-being, and emotions, and wondering how the gut became so central to our sense of self. Traveling from ancient Greece to Victorian England, eighteenth-century France to modern America, cultural historian Elsa Richardson leads us on a lively tour of the gut, exploring all the ways that we have imagined, theorized, and probed the mysteries of the gastroenterological system. We'll meet a wildly diverse cast of characters including Edwardian bodybuilders, hunger-striking suffragettes, demons, medieval alchemists, and one poor teenage girl plagued by a remarkably vocal gut, all united by this singular organ. Engaging, eye-opening, and thought-provoking, Rumbles leaves no stone unturned, scrutinizing religious tracts and etiquette guides, satirical cartoons, and political pamphlets, in its quest to answer the millennia-old question: Are we really ruled by our stomachs?
Surfactants from Renewable Raw Materials
This detailed reference provides detailed data and categorizes surfactants obtained from specific sustainable raw materials i.e. plant oils/fats, proteins, steroids, terpenes, etc. Synthesis, properties and applications are covered for each class of surfactants, addressing each within its own chapter for ease of research.
Hydatidosis Diagnosis With Novel ELISA Kits
This study included five antigens, each examined with three immunoglobulins (total IgG, IgG1, and IgG4) using chequerboard titration ELISA to determine the optimal antigen concentration and serum dilutions for preparing diagnostic kits. The indirect ELISA method was then used to evaluate the diagnostic performance values (DPV) (sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic efficiency, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) based on the cutoff value of each antigen with total IgG and its subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4). Antigen B (AgB) was purified from hydatid fluid and electrophoretically treated to isolate its bands (8 kDa, 16 kDa, and 24 kDa AgB), which were used as antigens, in addition to an antigen purified from protoscoleces. Among the 15 prepared kits, those containing the 8 kDa subunit of AgB and IgG4 showed the best performance. Results from the ROC curve indicated that the 8 kDa subunit had the highest diagnostic accuracy when tested with IgG4 and IgG1. Additionally, this study included the immunization of rabbits with AgB, and the results indicated that AgB can modulate the immune response toward a Th2 bias.
Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research
This book provides an introduction to methods of biomedical photonics. The chapters, written by world-leading experts, cover a wide range of issues, including the theoretical basis of different biophotonics methods and practical issues concerning the conduction of experimental studies to diagnose disorders associated with diabetes.
Biotechnological potential of Bacillus thuringiensis in the post-genomic era
Microbial diseases are a major cause of reduced crop yields, resulting in major losses for many countries. Bacillus thuringiensis is a species naturally found associated with soils, insects, and plants. Although most studies on this species focus only on its direct effects against insect pests, we show that there may be several other mechanisms for plant protection, especially against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this work, the sequencing of the genome of B. thuringiensis BAC3151 endophytic from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in addition to other previously published genomes of the species, provided the opportunity to perform comparative analyses between different strains. In summary, the book will contribute significantly in the search for innovative strategies to perform biological control of microbial diseases in agricultural crops, aiming to reduce the damage caused by phytopathogens.
Microbial decontamination methods for pig carcasses
The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of hot water between 76簞C and 78簞C and 1.5% lactic acid on the surface of pork carcasses with a view to microbial reduction. Four treatments were used, T1, T2, T3 and T4 with water at different temperatures followed or not by sprinkling of lactic acid. Alternative and conventional microbiological diagnostic methods were used and compared for the detection of microorganisms. Swabs were taken from naturally contaminated pig carcasses during the normal slaughter process, and the following microorganisms were investigated: aerobic mesophiles, enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., E. coli 0157 by conventional methodology, and alternatives by PETRIFILM(TM) and TEMPO(R) . There were no positive results for E. coli O157. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5 (6.58%) of the 76 carcasses sampled, and the serotypes found were Thyphimurium, Agona and Derby. The treatment that showed the best reduction in the number of contaminated carcasses was the one that consisted of bathing the carcasses in water with a temperature between 76簞C and 78簞C followed by spraying them with lactic acid at a concentration of 1.5%.
Advances in Diversity, Conservation, and Taxonomy of Madagascar’s Amphibians and Reptiles - Feature Issue of the Section Herpetology
Madagascar is characterized by high levels of endemicity. This is particularly visible among amphibians and reptiles, which both showing conspicuous diversity and a great number of species. Herpetological research carried out in recent decades has shown a considerable increase in the participation of and leadership among Malagasy researchers and led to a great increase in species-related knowledge. Rampant deforestation and augmented habitat loss have led to the worrying shrinkage of available natural habitats. As a result, many species of amphibians and reptiles (including newly described species) are currently classified within the most highly threatened categories of the IUCN red listing. This Special Issue assembles ten specialist contributions dedicated to Malagasy amphibians and reptiles, including papers discussing the species compositions in crucial areas, as well as information on threatened species and associated pet trades. This set of contributions will also highlight how taxonomic research and field experiments continue to play a key role in describing this unique diversity, allowing us to better understand the origin of and historical factors that explain the current distribution patterns of Malagasy biodiversity.
Symmetry and Symmetry-Breaking in Fluid Dynamics
Symmetry underlies many fluid phenomena and often provides a key to a better understanding as well as simpler analytical or numerical solutions for a variety of flows. This Special Issue of Symmetry aims to stimulate new insights and perspectives into the role of symmetry in a wide range of fluid flows, symmetry-breaking phenomena, and flows that are symmetric partially, locally, or intermittently. The following topics are included in this Special Issue: liquid drops in various settings, sedimentation of particles, viscous jets, magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence, diffusion flames, stratified flows, and propulsion in water.
Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops
This reprint of the Special Issue of Horticulturae, "Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops," aims to present the 12 published papers and the results of research conducted by colleagues interested in the different facets of abiotic stress in horticulture from a molecular, biochemical, physiological, or productivity point of view. Valuable contributions cover the various production systems and the botanical diversity of horticultural crops.
Advances in Plant Reproductive Ecology and Conservation Biology
New advances and research in plant reproductive ecology continue to provide key insights into common and rare plant species. Similarly, the emerging technologies, techniques, and tools in data collection and analyses continue to advance the fields of plant conservation biology and plant reproductive ecology, allowing for discoveries and interpretations that were not feasible at the beginning of the century. Additionally, climate change and ecosystem loss have only continued to accelerate during the 21st century, resulting in a more pressing need to holistically understand the biology of rare plants. For this Special Issue of Plants, we have included papers that cover a wide variety of perspectives in population genetics, ecology, pollination biology, mutualist and antagonistic interactions, seed ecology, systematics, modeling, etc., toward advancing the fields of reproductive ecology and the conservation of plants. The studies focus on single species or multiple species that include broader implications within the subject matter of the Special Issue. In addition, this Special Issue sought out different research viewpoints and perspectives within and outside academia and captured a global perspective of plant reproductive ecology and conservation biology. Collectively, these studies provide a diverse perspective on the fields at present and help to point a direction forward for conservation biology.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetics-Based Individualization of Drug Therapy
This compilation is a reprint of the Special Issue "Therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetics-based individualization of drug therapy" of the peer-reviewed journal Pharmaceutics (ISSN: 1999-4923). The primary aim of this Special Issue was to provide a platform for presenting the findings of research performed using novel computer software-based approaches for the pharmacokinetic interpretation of the results of therapeutic drug monitoring. The compilation involves nineteen research articles and five review papers published between 2022 and 2024. The areas covered include pharmacotherapy following organ transplant, the treatment of the severely or even critically ill using antiinfectives, precision oncology, mental illness, cystic fibrosis, anticoagulant therapy, the treatment of diabetes, and ophthalmology.
Advances in Power Science and Technology
With a continuous increase in renewable energy in power systems, technologies such as grid control and optimization, energy storage planning, and wind power forecasting have become increasingly important. These technologies can help realize the sustainable development of the power system. Therefore, how can we safely and economically reduce the grid connection losses of new energy generation systems and new energy? Exploring the ability of power generation systems to actively participate in voltage regulation control has become a popular topic in power systems and new energy generation. The purpose of power grid control and optimization is to ensure the stability and reliability of the power system through real-time monitoring and adjusting the power grid's operation. The purpose of energy storage planning is to optimize the power system's energy storage capacity and distribution to meet the load demand and respond to emergencies. The significant deviation between the two will increase the grid's real-time scheduling demand. The purpose of wind power prediction is to predict the future wind speed and wind energy using meteorology, statistics, and machine learning methods to optimize the planning and scheduling of wind power generation. The topic involves many fields, including power systems, energy storage technology, meteorology, statistics, and machine learning. Through relevant research, the challenges faced by the power system can be effectively solved, and the sustainable development of the power industry can be promoted.
Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Timor Ponies
Timor ponies (TP) were first shipped to Australia in the early 1800s and were highly valued as transport and pack animals, which resulted in TPs contributing to the development of Australian horse breeds. Today, while the exact number of TPs in Australia is currently unknown, there has been recent interest in establishing a domestic breeding program for Australian TPs.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relatedness of a sample of TPs, as well as provide estimates of genomic inbreeding levels to better inform the feasibility of using these animals as founders for a domestic breeding program. Additionally, the genetic distances between the sampled TPs and other Australian and Indonesian horse breeds were estimated.The results illustrate that there are distantly related and minimally inbred horses within the sampled TPs. Lengths of the ROH segments also indicated that recent inbreeding events are likely to only have occurred in a third of the horses. Overall, these results are promising for the success of a domestic TP breeding program; however, considering the low number of domestic TPs in Australia, there would certainly be substantial benefits to incorporating additional TPs.
Experiment in Food Microbiology
This study encompasses a comprehensive exploration of microbiological laboratory techniques and analyses, focusing on the isolation, enumeration, and characterization of microorganisms. Key methodologies include the SWAB test, capsule staining, endospore staining, and negative staining, which are essential for identifying and visualizing different bacterial structures. The hanging drop mount method is employed for microscopic examination to demonstrate bacterial motility.Additionally, the study involves the estimation of total microbial counts in various food products such as milk, fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, and canned goods. Specific microbiological analyses of milk are conducted, including the enzymatic test using the Methylene Blue Reductase Test (MBRT), which assesses milk quality, and the determination of phosphatase activity. The presence of calcium and phosphorus in milk is also detected to evaluate its nutritional content.Overall, these techniques and tests provide valuable insights into microbial contamination and quality assessment of food products, contributing to improved food safety and quality control.
Bioinorganics decipher Clostridium botulinum
This in-depth book on Clostridium botulinum and its neurotoxin, botulinum toxin, explores in detail the biological and chemical aspects of this anaerobic bacterium. Focusing on bioinorganic chemistry, it examines how Clostridium botulinum uses metals and metalloenzymes to metabolize and protect itself in hostile environments. The structure and mechanism of action of botulinum toxin are explained in detail, revealing how it interferes with nerve transmission for innovative applications. Ethical considerations and regulatory challenges are addressed, as well as recent technological advances that enhance its efficacy and safety. In conclusion, this book offers an in-depth, interdisciplinary exploration of Clostridium botulinum and botulinum toxin, highlighting their continuing potential for scientific research and technological innovation.
Introduction to Systems Biology
This book seems to provide a comprehensive introduction to systems biology, covering mathematical representations, metabolic modeling, dynamic aspects of biological systems, and the application of modeling to understand physical processes. Systems biology often integrates principles from biology, mathematics, and physics. Emphasis on applying modeling techniques to real-world biological systems. Recognition of the dynamic nature of biological processes and the importance of understanding change over time. Encouraging readers to view biological systems holistically, considering the interactions and relationships among components. The book may be suitable for readers interested in a more analytical and mathematical approach to studying biological systems.
Microbial Biology
The book's preface on microbial biology serves as an introductory overview of the expansive realm of microorganisms and their profound impact across various domains of life. It begins by situating microbiology as a foundational discipline in scientific research with wide-ranging applications. This section often includes a concise historical narrative, honoring pivotal discoveries and influential figures who shaped our understanding of microbes.
Evolutionary Medicine
Evolutionary thinking provides insights into many different areas in the research and practice of medicine and public health. It takes specialties such as medical microbiology, epidemiology, oncology, gynecology, and psychiatry that had become increasingly siloed and places them in a larger framework. This foundational structure enables students to view medical knowledge as an integrated whole, underpinned by general principles rather than a loose collection of disparate facts. The discipline of evolutionary medicine continues to advance rapidly as new results come in showing where the insights pay off and where they do not. Its conceptual foundations have also been strengthened in papers not yet reflected in the textbooks, so a new edition is therefore timely. At the same time, the teaching of evolutionary medicine has also been steadily gaining momentum both in courses that prepare undergraduates for medical school in North America and in other contexts worldwide. Evolutionary Medicine is intended for undergraduate students preparing for careers in medicine and public health, students in schools of medicine and public health, and medical professionals curious about the insights that evolutionary thinking can bring to their field. It will also be relevant to students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental biology, and genetics. It highlights the most important insights in a relatively brief and compelling book that does not attempt encyclopedic coverage of a rapidly changing field.
Cytopathological profile of cervical cells in Cameroon
Cervical cancer is a real public health problem in developing countries, and in Cameroon in particular. Geographical data on the incidence of this cancer vary widely, to the advantage or detriment of rural communities. With this in mind, this study was carried out in a rural area (Ni矇t矇) and an urban area (Yaound矇 I). Its aim was to determine precancerous lesions of cervical cells in these Arrondissements, and to carry out a comparative analysis highlighting the risk factors responsible for their variation. The Papanicolaou technique used to determine these profiles yielded a percentage of 9.8% in Ni矇t矇 and 16.3% in Yaound矇 I. Age, alcohol consumption, parity and number of sexual partners were risk factors for the occurrence of these precancerous lesions. What's more, 80% of women who tested positive had never heard of cervico-vaginal smears, hence the urgent need to organize well-targeted cervical cancer screening programs, using a methodology that is acceptable in terms of cost and effectiveness.
Bioinorganics and RNR
This book explores in detail ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), an essential enzyme in cell biology and pharmacology. It begins with an introduction to RNR, describing its three-dimensional structure, properties, and the metals required for its function. The book explores the complex enzymatic mechanism of RNR, including its catalytic processes, regulation and reaction intermediates. The physiological role of RNR is analyzed, including its importance in DNA replication, associated pathologies such as cancer, and studies using animal models. Pharmacological applications are examined, with a discussion of inhibitors used in cancer therapy and the challenges of toxicity. The book also discusses techniques for structure determination, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR and cryo-EM, comparing their advantages and limitations. Finally, it looks to the future with perspectives on technological developments, potential impacts, and emerging innovations in the study of RNR.
Occupation, land use and food security
Food insecurity, especially when expressed through hunger, is prevalent among people living in poverty. This complex phenomenon, which currently affects almost a million people worldwide, can be explained by a number of factors, with difficulties in accessing food being one of the main causes. The vast majority of people who are food insecure due to lack of access to food belong to the rural population. Agricultural schools, through the new idea proposed by the document '(Re)signification of agricultural education' from the Ministry of Education's Secretariat for Professional and Technological Education and the 2012 National Curriculum Guidelines for Technical Professional Education at Secondary Level, must prioritise socio-economic and environmental development, given that for a long time they were focused on serving large agribusiness companies. Knowing how teachers at an agricultural school think and teach about the relationship between food security, land use and occupation, and how this affects the health of the population is important, as it has a direct effect on the students' education.
Antagonism of Orexine and Adenosine on Vigilance
This book examines the importance of orexin and adenosine in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, exploring their molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, as well as technological advances and research prospects. It covers neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and their interaction with other neurotransmitters. Subsequent sections focus on biosynthesis, specific receptors, and the influence of metals on their function. Clinical aspects cover disorders such as narcolepsy and existing and potential therapeutic approaches. Finally, the book discusses advanced imaging methods, experimental models, and future innovations in the field, highlighting the growing importance of these neurotransmitters in modern neurological research.
Challenges and possibilities in biology teaching
New technologies have made a significant contribution to building innovative practices that are in line with students' realities. The student of the 21st century has changed, so teachers need to re-evaluate their teaching methodologies in order to keep up with these transformations. Biology teaching brings with it a range of possibilities, but the teacher needs to see them. Therefore, this book seeks to present some articles that portray the experience of teachers and students with regard to the teaching of Biology, as well as the difficulties and possibilities that make up this area of knowledge.
The Genetic Book of the Dead
From a renowned biologist and best-selling author, a whole new way of looking at living organisms: reading them as documents describing ancient worlds A Financial Times Best Book of 2024: Science - Named Science Book of the Year by Times (UK) - A Guardian Best Ideas Book of 2024 "Intellectually sparkling and beautifully crafted."--Adrian Woolfson, Wall Street Journal "A glorious affair. . . . Arguably [Dawkins's] most joyous ode to the wonders that evolution has wrought in the animal world."--Philip Ball, Science An exquisitely camouflaged lizard has a desiccated landscape of sand and stones "painted" on its back. Its skin can be read as a description of an ancient desert, a world in which its ancestors survived. Such descriptions are more than skin deep, however. They penetrate the very warp and woof of the entire animal. In this groundbreaking exploration of the power of Darwinian evolution and what it can reveal about the past, Richard Dawkins shows how the body, behavior, and genes of every living creature can be read as a book--an archive of the worlds of its ancestors. In the future, a zoologist presented with a hitherto unknown animal will be able to decode its ancestral history, to read its unique "book of the dead." Such readings are already uncovering the remarkable ways animals overcome obstacles, adapt to their environments, and, again and again, develop remarkably similar ways of solving life's problems. From the author of The Selfish Gene comes a revolutionary, richly illustrated book that unlocks the door to a past more vivid, nuanced, and fascinating than anything we have seen.
CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Next Generation Recombinant Vaccine Development
The field of biotechnology has witnessed transformative advancements over the past few decades, with the CRISPR-Cas9 system standing out as one of the most groundbreaking developments. This powerful genome-editing tool has revolutionized the way scientists approach genetic modifications, enabling precise, efficient, and versatile editing of the DNA in living organisms. As we delve into the realm of vaccine development, CRISPR-Cas9 emerges as a pivotal technology, offering unprecedented opportunities to design next-generation recombinant vaccines that are more effective, targeted, and adaptable to a wide range of diseases. "CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Next Generation Recombinant Vaccine Development" explores the convergence of CRISPR technology with vaccinology, presenting a comprehensive overview of how this innovative tool is reshaping the landscape of vaccine research and development. This book is a collective effort to compile the latest research, methodologies, and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in creating recombinant vaccines that could potentially change the course of infectious disease management.
Papillomavirus and the p53 protein
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are among the most widespread sexually transmitted infections: around 70-80% of the sexually active population will come into contact with these viruses during their sexual lives.The p53 protein is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cancer, controlling the cell cycle and interacting with dozens of genes. Viral oncogenesis is a multi-step process, largely dependent on the complex interaction between viruses and host factors.
Sampling evaluation of H. Pylori virulence factors
According to studies in various countries, the high incidence of the development of diseases of the human digestive system is directly related to infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes an inflammatory process in the stomach mucosa followed by an increase in the production of cytokines, giving rise to various pathologies such as: dyspepsia without ulceration, reflux oesophagitis, erosive gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric peptic ulcer, duodenal peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In this process, oxygen and/or nitrogen free radicals are generated, causing oxidative damage to DNA. It has been found that the most virulent strains produce greater damage to the DNA of gastric cells, as well as inducing apoptosis and also stimulating cell multiplication, thereby producing alterations in the turnover system. In this study, the cagA and vacA m1/m2-s1/s2 virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori were assessed in samples from 45 patients from the S瓊o Francisco University Hospital in Bragan癟a Paulista / SP, from June 2011 to January 2012 and processed at UNIFAG (Integrated Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit of the University of S瓊o Francisco).
Corn Rootworm
Species of the beetle genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are native to North and South America, with their greatest diversity occurring in neotropical areas. Little is known about the biology and ecology of many of the 400 described species, with current knowledge primarily limited to the small number of species that are pests in agricultural systems. This Special Issue, entitled "Corn Rootworm: Biology, Ecology, Behavior and Integrated Management", collates original research and comprehensive reviews that summarize the current knowledge in key areas of Diabrotica biology, ecology, behavior, and management.
Ion Channels and Neurological Disease
This Special Issue reprint aims to provide an update on the state of the art and new achievements in the research on altered structure/function relationship in the ion channels involved in neurological diseases' pathophysiology. Of particular interest are drug screening and targeting, proposing novel therapeutic avenues which can be developed to treat or alleviate mostly incurable diseases. Multi- and inter-disciplinary research contributions, often combining structural, functional, and/or pharmacological approaches with different methods/techniques, are presented.
Genetics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Insects
This reprint, focusing on the "Genetics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Insects," presents a comprehensive collection of studies that delve into the intricate genetic and evolutionary dynamics of various insect species. As the field of entomology evolves, understanding the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary mechanisms of insects becomes increasingly vital. This reprint features research on various topics, such as the phylogeny and evolutionary history of moths, the genetic diversity of white-backed planthoppers, and the assembly of mitochondrial genomes across multiple species. These studies not only enhance our knowledge of insect biology but also provide insights crucial for applications in pest management, conservation, and ecological studies. In the field of genetics and entomology, this reprint offers valuable perspectives and cutting-edge research to deepen our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary processes that shape the insect world.
Selenium and human health in developing countries
Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in human health. It is necessary for the proper functioning of various enzymes and proteins in the body, and it also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. While selenium deficiency is rare in developed countries where diets are typically diverse and balanced, it can be a significant health concern in developing countries.Inadequate intake of selenium through diet is the primary cause of selenium deficiency. This deficiency can lead to various health problems, including weakened immune function, increased risk of certain types of cancer, impaired cognitive function, and infertility. In developing countries, where malnutrition and limited access to nutritious foods are prevalent, selenium deficiency can be more common.
The evolution of taxonomy
The evolution of molecular and computational techniques has made it possible to advance research into the classification of living beings. Software has been developed capable of analysing DNA sequences that make up the genome of living beings, making it possible to determine genetic similarities and establish kinship relationships. Areas such as phylogenetics have been the scene of great discussion and controversy, since analyses of kinship between species based on genes did not always corroborate with the phylogenies created from anatomical studies. With the intention of making the process of identifying species more practical, DNA barcodes emerged, a barcode similar to the ones on products on market shelves. The DNA barcode is based on a short DNA sequence from the species' genome, which is enough to discriminate and classify it. In order to choose the target genes for DNA barcoding, various studies have been carried out to determine the most favourable genes. The aim of this paper is to provide a bibliographical review of the basic concepts, the current state of research and methods for classifying and identifying living beings based on the organisms' genomes.
Environmentalism at university
The development of environmental knowledge, with a focus on the preservation and conservation of the environment, is possible with the dissemination of environmental education, which should encompass all levels of education, with teacher training being its main building block and maintainer. With this in mind, the aim was to verify the knowledge of Biology students at the Federal University of Piau穩 (UFPI) about the main environmental concepts, their level of satisfaction with the environmental measures presented at the University, the subjects on the course that focus on the environmental area, as well as the level of interest of the students in the search for the development of environmental knowledge. In this sense, this work presents the perception of Biology students about environmentalism at university and the importance of the course in building environmental knowledge and awareness.
Human Papilloma Virus
Papilloma viruses are small, non-enveloped, important viruses in the world that infect mucosal and cutaneous epithelia in a wide variety and species that induce cellular proliferation. They are a group of small DNA viruses that cause benign tumors in their natural host. These viruses are widespread and cause infections in higher vertebrates. The lesion may be cutaneous or involve the squamous epithelium of mucosa in the larynx, esophagus, or genitals. Infections often cause very small lesions that are sometimes not even visible with naked eye. It seems that infection with to remain in the host for a long time. Several types of the virus have been found in various areas of the skin of healthy humans and animals, indicating a latent infection in the host. Weakening and suppression of the immune system in humans activates latent infection or increases the likelihood of re-inoculation of the virus from active lesions, which will produce overt lesions. Also, close physical contact can sometimes break the barrier of the species and transmit the infection from one to another.
Simulation modelling in industrial biotechnology
The paper considers the main advantages and disadvantages of using mixed cultures of microorganisms in production. Mathematical models of species interaction have been analysed and on their basis a program has been developed to simulate the behaviour of two species of microorganisms in a chemostat. The effect of periodic substrate feeding on microorganism interaction was studied. Conclusions are drawn on the improvement of performance using mathematical modelling.
Cytochrome P450
This book explores in depth the essential role of cytochromes P450 (CYP), a family of key enzymes in drug, lipid and steroid metabolism. We trace their history, unique molecular structure and biological functions, including their ability to catalyze complex oxidation reactions. The interactions of cytochromes P450 with other enzymes and metals are examined, highlighting their importance in metabolic pathways. The disorders associated with dysfunction of these enzymes and their impact on pharmacokinetics are discussed, as are their applications in biotechnology, such as biocatalysis and bioremediation. The book concludes with a reflection on future prospects, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for bioinorganics research, with potential implications for the therapeutic and environmental fields.
Evolutionary Medicine
Evolutionary thinking provides insights into many different areas in the research and practice of medicine and public health. It takes specialties such as medical microbiology, epidemiology, oncology, gynecology, and psychiatry that had become increasingly siloed and places them in a larger framework. This foundational structure enables students to view medical knowledge as an integrated whole, underpinned by general principles rather than a loose collection of disparate facts. The discipline of evolutionary medicine continues to advance rapidly as new results come in showing where the insights pay off and where they do not. Its conceptual foundations have also been strengthened in papers not yet reflected in the textbooks, so a new edition is therefore timely. At the same time, the teaching of evolutionary medicine has also been steadily gaining momentum both in courses that prepare undergraduates for medical school in North America and in other contexts worldwide. Evolutionary Medicine is intended for undergraduate students preparing for careers in medicine and public health, students in schools of medicine and public health, and medical professionals curious about the insights that evolutionary thinking can bring to their field. It will also be relevant to students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental biology, and genetics. It highlights the most important insights in a relatively brief and compelling book that does not attempt encyclopedic coverage of a rapidly changing field.
The Evolution of Sex
The evolutionary objective of both sexes is to optimize the number of genes they contribute to following generations. Invariably the most efficient way to achieve this is to have many high quality offspring. However, males and females can be influenced by very different biological forces that subsequently shape their reproductive strategies. This readable account of the evolution of sexual reproduction highlights these differences between the sexes, specifically the potential for both conflict and co-operation at the level of the individual. Males and females are often very different when it comes to carrying out their reproductive strategies and may be at odds as to how best to maximize their success. This book discusses those differences, how they arose, what they are, and provides a wealth of examples to better understand how the two biological sexes approach sexual reproduction. The Evolution of Sex is an accessible primer suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students of anthropology, psychology, and biology. It will also appeal to a more general audience seeking a better understanding of human sexual behaviour from an evolutionary viewpoint.
Marine Pollution
For millennia, human societies have viewed the ocean as a dumping ground for waste products of all kinds. The sources of marine pollution are extensive, including oil spills, sewage, fertilizers, pesticides, industrial wastes, heavy metals, ocean acidification, plastics, and even invasive species, considered biological pollution. Yet, the solutions are not as clear. Updated to reflect recent research, this book discusses the sources of marine pollutants, their effects on marine organisms and humans, and how to reduce or eliminate them. Weis covers the aftermath of oil spills in addition to "emerging" topics like flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, noise pollution, and PFAS. A new chapter examines the prevalence of microplastics and how they rise through the food chain into human beings, along with their associated toxic chemicals. Additional chapters address the deadly effects of climate change in the ocean but also focus on actions that all people can take, citing recent environmental improvements as a cause for hope.
Sidnones
Mesoionic compounds are synthetic substances that belong to the class of heterocyclic betaines. Among this class, the sidnones stand out. The sydnones were first prepared by Earl and Mackney at the University of Sydney in 1935 and this gave rise to their name: sydnone. They have structures, chemical properties, synthetic utility and biological activities that are considered relevant. One of these characteristics is their possible anti-cancer effect. Cancer is one of the main causes of death and every year more people are affected by the disease. Current treatments have low efficacy and many side effects, which is why there is a great desire for new, more effective drugs to treat this disease. For this reason, the aim of this work was to provide a narrative review to analyze the potential of siddnones for future use in cancer therapy, as well as detailing their chemical and unique properties.
Sustainable Urban Agriculture
Addresses many challenges and enhance urban sustainability and resilience while helping build inclusive cities. Contains case studies presented from across the globe and lessons learned from past to future prospects. Climate change, reducing food travel and carbon footprint, healthy food, and social equity are core concerns.
Genetic Engineering
Embark on a journey into the cutting-edge world of genetic engineering with this comprehensive book! The book delves into key laboratory techniques transforming genetics, from isolating cellular and chromosomal DNA to mastering gene isolation with methods like silica absorption and Chelex. Design DNA probes and explore advanced experiments like Bergs Terminal Transferase and Boyer-Cohen-Chang. Gain expertise in preparing competent cells for efficient DNA uptake, and understand bacterial transformation via electroporation and CaCl2-mediated techniques.Explore dynamic processes such as SDS-PAGE for protein analysis and blue-white colony selection using X-Gal/IPTG. Learn about genome complexities, in situ hybridization, DNA amplification with real-time, and RT-PCR, blotting techniques, and Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing. 'Genetic Engineering: From Theory to Practice' is an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals eager to harness the potential of genetic engineering. Each chapter opens a gateway to extraordinary possibilities at the intersection of science and innovation, making this a must-have for anyone passionate about the genetic frontier.
Sustainable Urban Agriculture
Addresses many challenges and enhance urban sustainability and resilience while helping build inclusive cities. Contains case studies presented from across the globe and lessons learned from past to future prospects. Climate change, reducing food travel and carbon footprint, healthy food, and social equity are core concerns.
