Bibliotheca Mechanico-technologica
"Bibliotheca Mechanico-technologica" offers a detailed historical overview of mechanical technology. Authored by Wilhelm Engelmann, this comprehensive reference work provides insights into the evolution of mechanical engineering. It is an invaluable resource for historians, engineers, and anyone interested in the development of technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Shoeing And Balancing The Light Harness Horse
"Shoeing And Balancing The Light Harness Horse" is a comprehensive guide for farriers and horse owners, written by James Clark. This practical manual covers the essential techniques of shoeing and balancing light harness horses, offering detailed instructions and insights into maintaining equine health and performance. Clark's expertise provides readers with a deep understanding of equine anatomy and the specific needs of light harness horses. Whether you are a professional farrier or a horse enthusiast, this book offers valuable knowledge for ensuring the comfort and efficiency of your horses. Discover the methods for optimal shoeing and balancing, enhancing your horse's well-being and athletic capabilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles
"On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles" explores the mathematical and physical properties of fluid jets emerging from conical nozzles. This study by Ignace I. Kolodner delves into the complexities of fluid dynamics, offering insights relevant to engineering and physics. The work provides a theoretical analysis of jet behavior, contributing to a deeper understanding of fluid mechanics and its applications.This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and students interested in fluid dynamics, nozzle design, and applied mathematics. Its enduring value lies in its rigorous approach and detailed examination of a fundamental aspect of fluid mechanics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dictionarium Polygraphicum
Dictionarium Polygraphicum, Volume 2, by John Barrow, offers a comprehensive look at the arts and sciences as understood in the early 18th century. This encyclopedic work, "adorned with proper sculptures, curiously engraven on more than fifty copper plates," provides detailed explanations and illustrations of various techniques and materials. Covering a wide array of subjects from practical arts to emerging technologies, the "Dictionarium" serves as a valuable resource for understanding the state of knowledge during this period. This volume is a treasure trove for historians, researchers, and anyone interested in the evolution of technology and artistic practices. It provides insights into the methods, materials, and mindsets that shaped the world. This historic work is a fascinating snapshot of a time when the boundaries between art, science, and technology were still fluid and interconnected.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
![The Cyclop?]dia Of Practical Receipts In All The Useful And Domestic Arts, By A Practical Chemist](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/8776/9781024328776m.webp?Q=888ba "The Cyclop?]dia Of Practical Receipts In All The Useful And Domestic Arts, By A Practical Chemist")
The Cyclop?]dia Of Practical Receipts In All The Useful And Domestic Arts, By A Practical Chemist
"The Cyclop?]dia Of Practical Receipts" is a comprehensive guide to the useful and domestic arts, compiled by a practical chemist. This extensive collection offers a wealth of information spanning various fields, from cooking and cleaning to crafting and technical skills. Designed for the everyday household, this cyclopedia provides detailed instructions and proven methods for a wide array of tasks and projects.Readers will discover a treasure trove of recipes, formulas, and techniques aimed at simplifying daily life and enhancing domestic efficiency. Whether you are a seasoned homemaker or a novice seeking practical advice, this book serves as an invaluable resource. Explore time-tested solutions and gain insights into the chemical principles underlying many common practices. This classic work remains relevant as a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of past generations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Bibliotheca Mechanico-technologica
"Bibliotheca Mechanico-technologica" offers a detailed historical overview of mechanical technology. Authored by Wilhelm Engelmann, this comprehensive reference work provides insights into the evolution of mechanical engineering. It is an invaluable resource for historians, engineers, and anyone interested in the development of technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Green Building Design and Construction for a Sustainable Future
According to data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), buildings and construction together account for 30% of global final energy consumption and 27% of total energy sector emissions. The building sector has been making efforts to reduce carbon emissions for many years. However, there is still a long way to go to meet the Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. Given the large amount of new construction every year, it is necessary to significantly increase the proportion of green buildings, including new buildings with green design and construction and the green retrofitting of existing buildings. The green building concept has been around for decades, aiming to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings over their life cycle. Different green building assessment tools have been developed, such as LEED, BREEAM, BEAM Plus, etc., and many buildings have been labelled as green buildings worldwide. However, the number of green buildings is still a small percentage of the existing building stocks. Therefore, it has become necessary to further promote the green concept in future building design and construction by involving different stakeholders. Moreover, the green retrofitting of existing buildings will provide important contributions to achieve net-zero emission goals. New technologies and materials will also bring disruptions for the future development of green buildings.
Modeling, Design and Engineering Optimization of Energy Systems
This Reprint compiles cutting-edge research on modeling, design, and engineering optimization for sustainable energy systems. It addresses critical global challenges-climate change mitigation, renewable integration, and efficiency enhancement-through innovative methodologies and computational tools. Key themes in this collection include the following: Energy Storage and Conversion: Optimization of electrochemical/hybrid storage to balance renewable variability, bolster grid resilience, and quantify environmental benefits. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Advances in green hydrogen systems, including integrated power-to-gas with fuel cells, autonomous operation, carbon-trading incentives, and flexible cogeneration. AI-Driven Optimization: AI applications for precision carbon management, adaptive system reconfiguration, and risk-informed decision-making under uncertainty. Renewable Integration: Smart strategies for improving renewable penetration, featuring spatiotemporal modeling of EV mobility, cost-minimized charging infrastructure, and demand-side management. The contributions highlight co-optimization frameworks that minimize costs/emissions while enhancing reliability. This collection paves the way for low-carbon transitions in the power, transportation, and industrial sectors through interdisciplinary engineering solutions.
On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles
"On Jets Produced by Conical Nozzles" explores the mathematical and physical properties of fluid jets emerging from conical nozzles. This study by Ignace I. Kolodner delves into the complexities of fluid dynamics, offering insights relevant to engineering and physics. The work provides a theoretical analysis of jet behavior, contributing to a deeper understanding of fluid mechanics and its applications.This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and students interested in fluid dynamics, nozzle design, and applied mathematics. Its enduring value lies in its rigorous approach and detailed examination of a fundamental aspect of fluid mechanics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Directory
This 1906 "Directory" provides a historical snapshot of Michigan Technological University (formerly Michigan College of Mines). A valuable resource for researchers and alumni, it lists faculty, staff, and students associated with the institution during its early years. It offers insights into the university's history, its academic programs, and the individuals who shaped its development. The directory serves as a primary source document, capturing names and affiliations at a pivotal time in the university's trajectory.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Something About Painting and Varnishing
"Something About Painting and Varnishing" by John W. Masury is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of surface finishing, originally published in 1881. This meticulously detailed manual offers practical advice and technical insights into the materials, tools, and techniques essential for achieving durable and aesthetically pleasing results in painting and varnishing. Addressing both novice and experienced practitioners, Masury covers a wide range of topics, including the preparation of surfaces, the selection and application of paints and varnishes, and the prevention and correction of common problems. With its clear instructions and informative illustrations, this book remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and practice of decorative and protective coatings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Notes on Shoeing Horses
"Notes on Shoeing Horses" by Sir Frederick Fitzwygram offers a detailed look into the art and science of farriery during the mid-19th century. Drawing from his extensive experience with horses, Fitzwygram provides practical guidance on the proper techniques for shoeing horses, with considerations for various breeds and their specific needs. This book is valuable for understanding the historical context of veterinary practices and equine management. Originally published in 1862, this work remains relevant to those interested in the history of horsemanship and the evolution of farriery. Fitzwygram's insights reflect a deep understanding of equine anatomy and the importance of proper hoof care in maintaining the health and performance of horses.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Practical Horseshoeing
"Practical Horseshoeing" is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of shoeing horses, written by George Fleming and originally published in 1871. This detailed manual covers all aspects of horseshoeing, from the anatomy of the horse's foot to the selection and application of shoes. Fleming provides practical instructions and advice for farriers and horse owners alike. The book delves into various techniques, including preparing the hoof, fitting the shoe, and addressing common problems such as lameness and hoof diseases. With clear explanations and illustrations, "Practical Horseshoeing" remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the care and maintenance of horses' feet.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modern Wonder Workers; a Popular History of American Invention;
"Modern Wonder Workers; a Popular History of American Invention" explores the groundbreaking inventions and technological advancements that shaped the United States during a period of rapid innovation. Edited by Waldemar Kaempffert, this book offers a fascinating look at the ingenuity and creativity of American inventors in the early 20th century. Delving into the stories behind key inventions, it provides insights into the social and economic impact of these technological marvels.From revolutionary manufacturing processes to pioneering communication devices, this historical account captures the spirit of innovation that defined an era. A valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of technology and American ingenuity, "Modern Wonder Workers" celebrates the visionaries who transformed the world.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Maths, Art or Magic?
After 40 years at RCS, Robin Prior explores the philosophy of music scheduling "magic"By Nick Langan -Published: May 29, 2025There are many ingredients that go into a truly successful radio station - personalities, imaging, community presence and crisp audio quality - just to name a few.But a program director knows a deftly positioned song that fades into another - or a gold cut you haven't heard in years, scheduled right at 4:45 p.m. on a Friday - keeps listeners coming back.Some might call it magic.Or maybe not, says Robin Prior. He spent 40 years at RCS Sound Software, providing training and support for the Selector and GSelector music scheduling software, including across Africa.His book outlines core philosophies he shared while training programmers to use Selector, GSelector and their underlying databases.Maths, Art or Magic?Prior's experience includes teaching the RCS suite to Africa's state broadcasters like the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation. That drove his motivation to share his knowledge.
The Sustainable Composite Materials in Civil and Architectural Engineering
This book is a collection of 10 research articles (from 18 submissions) authored by researchers and peer reviewed by professionals in the field to address the use of sustainable composite materials in civil and architectural engineering over the course of more than 2 years. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), geopolymers, and various recycled and repurposed waste materials are among the items addressed, used in a variety of applications from flame retardance to energy consumption. This book is a great resource for both academics and professionals in the field of engineering.
Advances in 3OM
The present reprint includes the works published in the 1st edition of the Special Issue on "Advances in 3OM: Opto-Mechatronics, Opto-Mechanics, and Optical Metrology", published in the journal Photonics. The 3OM concept was introduced in 2008 and combines these three complementary domains. The ten contributions to this Special Issue represent an enticing taste of the many areas of interest involving 3OM. Two of the works were prepared for the second edition of the International Conference "Advances in 3OM" (Timisoara, Romania, 2023). During the publishing process, the third edition of this conference was under development, and, linked to it, the second edition of this Special Issue of Photonics was launched.
Phase Change, Interphase Coupling, and Multiphase Transport in Porous Structures
Multiphase flows and phase-change phenomena are often encountered in many engineering systems, such as CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage); the exploitation of oil, natural gas, and other underground resources; the utilization of geothermal energy and hydrogen energy, etc. Multiphase flows refer to the interactive flow of distinct phases, and each phase discriminated by common interfaces in a channel represents a mass or volume of matter. Multiphase flows can occur in single-component or multi-component systems. Possible phase combinations in our Reprint include the following: solid-liquid-gas, where solid particles and gas bubbles are mostly dispersed in liquid; solid-gas, solid-liquid, and liquid-gas, where the volume fraction of one phase is relative to other results for different flow regimes; and phase change and miscibility phenomena involved in a combination of the above. We hope that our Reprint will act as a guide for researchers and engineering technicians.
Numerical Methods and Modeling Applied for Composite Structures
The Special Issue contains important current research results on numerical methods in the modelling of composite structures. This issue contains 11 selected scientific articles presenting new research that significantly extends and complements the research themes considered.
Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing
This reprint focuses on recent developments in laser measurement technologies and their innovative applications. Laser-based measurement and sensing technologies have attracted growing attention due to their advantages of high sensitivity and fast response. Their applications include industrial production, substance analysis, and environmental monitoring. In recent years, the development of laser source and measurement approaches has led to the emergence of many new technologies and applications of laser measurement and sensing. The topics of this reprint include laser measurement and sensing, micro- and nano-photoelectric measurement, simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, and structured light measurement.
Learning to Understand Remote Sensing Images
With the recent advances in remote sensing technologies for Earth observation, many different remote sensors are collecting data with distinctive properties. The obtained data are so large and complex that analyzing them manually becomes impractical or even impossible. Therefore, understanding remote sensing images effectively, in connection with physics, has been the primary concern of the remote sensing research community in recent years. For this purpose, machine learning is thought to be a promising technique because it can make the system learn to improve itself. With this distinctive characteristic, the algorithms will be more adaptive, automatic, and intelligent. This book introduces some of the most challenging issues of machine learning in the field of remote sensing, and the latest advanced technologies developed for different applications. It integrates with multi-source/multi-temporal/multi-scale data, and mainly focuses on learning to understand remote sensing images. Particularly, it presents many more effective techniques based on the popular concepts of deep learning and big data to reach new heights of data understanding. Through reporting recent advances in the machine learning approaches towards analyzing and understanding remote sensing images, this book can help readers become more familiar with knowledge frontier and foster an increased interest in this field.
Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics
The Special Issue "Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics: Feature Papers, 2024" compiles feature articles-including nine review papers and one original research article-highlighting significant new findings and developments across a broad spectrum of fluid mechanics. The topics covered include Reynolds number analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), turbulent flows, the integration of machine learning with fluid mechanics, fluids engineering, and multidisciplinary optimization in aerodynamics. Each contribution provides in-depth analysis or commentary on theoretical and applied research aspects, with particular attention to emerging methodologies, unresolved challenges, and future research directions in the field.
UAV and Sensors Applications for Navigation and Positioning
The following reprint highlights significant recent advances in sensor technology and intelligent algorithms for unmanned systems and robotics. Covering critical developments such as multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), visual odometry techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and novel algorithms for trajectory planning, the research presented demonstrates robust approaches to complex localization, navigation, and positioning challenges. Innovations discussed include UAV swarm coordination strategies, deep compressed communication for efficient multi-robot collaboration, and advanced neural network applications enhancing visual and spatial data processing. Addressing both theoretical frameworks and real-world experimental validations, this Special Issue provides researchers and practitioners with current insights into improving the autonomy, accuracy, and operational resilience of robotic systems across diverse and demanding environments.
Building Foundation Analysis
This Special Issue of the Buildings journal, titled "Building Foundation Analysis: Soil-Structure Interaction", presents cutting-edge research on the critical interface between subsurface conditions and structural foundations. Featuring 11 peer-reviewed articles from international experts, this collection addresses advanced numerical modeling techniques, case studies of foundation failures, innovative monitoring technologies, and sustainable design approaches for challenging soil conditions. The papers collectively advance our understanding of load transfer mechanisms, seismic interactions, and climate change adaptive foundations, providing both theoretical frameworks and practical solutions for geotechnical engineers and structural designers. This compilation serves as an essential reference for academics and practitioners working at the intersection of geotechnics and structural engineering.
Deep Learning in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
This Reprint aims to provide readers with an extensive insight into the latest developments in image processing technology. As images are the main method by which humans acquire and exchange information, the application of image processing is inevitably involved in all aspects of human life. Currently, image processing technology holds a prominent role in the aerospace, public security, biomedicine, industrial engineering, and business communication fields. Recent years have seen the rapid development of image processing, especially with the application of deep learning, enabling it to become the most successfully applied intelligent technology. Pattern recognition is an important research field in image processing and includes image preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, classifier design, and classification decisions. Focusing on these elements, this Reprint covers advancements in thirteen research directions, including image preprocessing, features and selection of images, pattern recognition in image processing technology, image processing in intelligent transportation, hyperspectral image processing, biomedical image processing, image processing in intelligent monitoring, deep learning for image processing, deep learning for image processing.
Applications of Manufacturing and Measurement Sensors
This Special Issue will provide insight into advancements in applications of manufacturing and measurement sensors. It will serve as a reference for scholars and engineers who routinely interested in understanding the advanced sensor technology and applications. The field of measurement sensors is essential in advanced manufacturing, with substantial significance in engineering. With tighter tolerances and higher performance standards, there is a need to develop fast, efficient applications of manufacturing and measurement sensors for satisfying the specifications of various product functional attributes. This Special Issue addresses various crucial challenges and advancements in the fields of manufacturing and measurement sensors. It has introduced innovative sensor designs, advanced algorithms, and novel applications, which have great potential for enhancing manufacturing efficiency and product quality.
The International Cutting School's System of Cutting
Explore the intricacies of garment construction with "The International Cutting School's System of Cutting," a comprehensive guide originally published in 1913. This meticulously detailed manual, authored by L. Gibson, offers a fascinating glimpse into early 20th-century tailoring techniques. Delve into the precise methods and systematic approaches taught at the International Cutting School, providing valuable insights for historical fashion enthusiasts, students of design, and those interested in the evolution of garment making.This book serves as a practical resource, presenting a structured system for cutting and assembling various garments. Though originally intended for industrial application, the techniques can be adapted by anyone passionate about the art of sewing and pattern making. Discover the foundations of classic tailoring with this enduring work.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
History of the Detroit Computing Center
Explore the pivotal role of the Detroit Computing Center in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service's technological evolution with "History of the Detroit Computing Center: Twenty-five Years of Service, 1965-1990." This detailed account chronicles the center's establishment and its subsequent growth into a vital hub for processing tax information. From its early days of mainframe computing to the dawn of modern IT infrastructure, the book highlights the innovations and challenges faced by the center's dedicated staff. Authored by Shelley L. Davis and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, this book offers a unique perspective on the intersection of government, technology, and public service. Discover how the Detroit Computing Center adapted to changing demands and technological advancements, ensuring the efficient operation of the nation's tax system for a quarter of a century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of Interference Lithography Capability Using a Helium Cadmium Ultraviolet Multimode Laser for the Fabrication of Sub-Micron-Structured Optical Materials
The goal of this work is to develop unique holograms on a semiconductor-metal thin films to characterize as potential metamaterials. This is achievable by developing a fabrication recipe to include exposure methods, exposure dosages, and material development. This study developed an interference lithography capability at AFIT for the first time with period resolution below 230nm. It also identified initial acceptable photoresist materials and exposure dosages, and a path to follow to optimize this process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Something About Painting and Varnishing
"Something About Painting and Varnishing" by John W. Masury is a comprehensive guide to the art and science of surface finishing, originally published in 1881. This meticulously detailed manual offers practical advice and technical insights into the materials, tools, and techniques essential for achieving durable and aesthetically pleasing results in painting and varnishing. Addressing both novice and experienced practitioners, Masury covers a wide range of topics, including the preparation of surfaces, the selection and application of paints and varnishes, and the prevention and correction of common problems. With its clear instructions and informative illustrations, this book remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and practice of decorative and protective coatings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Inspection Rules on Hardwood Lumber and Sales Code of American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association
This historic document, "Inspection Rules on Hardwood Lumber and Sales Code of American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association," offers a fascinating glimpse into the early 20th-century lumber industry. Originally published in 1919, it details the standardized inspection rules for hardwood lumber and the sales codes established by the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association. Providing invaluable insights into the practices and standards of the time, this book is essential for anyone interested in the history of wood products, forestry, and American manufacturing. The carefully outlined rules and codes reflect the industry's commitment to quality and consistency in a rapidly growing market. A valuable resource for historians, researchers, and those involved in the modern lumber and construction industries, offering a unique perspective on the foundations of contemporary practices.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Devil in the Stack
From internationally-bestselling author and journalist Andrew Smith, an immersive, alarming, sharp-eyed journey into the bizarre world of computer code, told through his sometimes painful, often amusing attempt to become a coder himself Throughout history, technological revolutions have been driven by the invention of machines. But today, the power of the technology transforming our world lies in an intangible and impenetrable cosmos of software: algorithmic code. So symbiotic has our relationship with this code become that we barely notice it anymore. We can't see it, are not even sure how to think about it, and yet we do almost nothing that doesn't depend on it. In a world increasingly governed by technologies that so few can comprehend, who--or what--controls the future? Devil in the Stack follows Andrew Smith on his immersive trip into the world of coding, passing through the stories of logic, machine-learning and early computing, from Ada Lovelace to Alan Turing, and up to the present moment, behind the scenes into the lives--and minds--of the new frontiers people of the 21st century: those who write code. Smith embarks on a quest to understand this sect in what he believes to be the only waypossible: by learning to code himself. Expansive and effervescent, Devil in the Stack delivers a portrait of code as both a vivid culture and an impending threat. How do we control a technology that most people can't understand? And are we programming ourselves out of existence? Perhaps most terrifying of all: Is there something about the way we compute - the way code works - that is innately at odds with the way humans have evolved? By turns revelatory, unsettling, and joyously funny, Devil in the Stack is an essential book for our times, of vital interest to anyone hoping to participate in the future-defining technological debates to come.
History of the Detroit Computing Center
Explore the pivotal role of the Detroit Computing Center in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service's technological evolution with "History of the Detroit Computing Center: Twenty-five Years of Service, 1965-1990." This detailed account chronicles the center's establishment and its subsequent growth into a vital hub for processing tax information. From its early days of mainframe computing to the dawn of modern IT infrastructure, the book highlights the innovations and challenges faced by the center's dedicated staff. Authored by Shelley L. Davis and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, this book offers a unique perspective on the intersection of government, technology, and public service. Discover how the Detroit Computing Center adapted to changing demands and technological advancements, ensuring the efficient operation of the nation's tax system for a quarter of a century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Advances in Medical Image Processing, Segmentation and Classification
Medical data typically include physiological signals, diagnostic images, and treatment histories, offering essential insights into patient conditions and outcomes. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems-used for detection, segmentation, and classification-are now key components of clinical workflows. These systems apply image processing techniques to ensure accurate analysis across CT, MRI, X-ray, and ultrasound scans. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning and deep learning, has further advanced CAD by enabling automated, accurate disease detection. Yet, the success of such models depends on large, annotated datasets and expertise in preprocessing, modeling, and validation. AI-driven CAD systems have shown strong potential in diverse clinical settings. Future work should prioritize multi-center data sharing, federated learning, few-shot learning, and explainable AI to enhance reliability and adaptability. Integrating AI with technologies like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) opens doors to real-time, scalable diagnostics. With continued innovation and rigorous validation, AI is set to become an essential part of clinical decision-making. This volume presents cutting-edge research and strategies to address current gaps, aiming to improve patient outcomes and advance global healthcare systems.
LoRa Communication Technology for IoT Applications
Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) represent a novel communication paradigm that will replace or complement traditional cellular and short-range wireless technologies in several applications. In relation to the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWANs are expected to offer energy-efficient connectivity to a high number of low-power devices, distributed over very large geographical areas. In this context, LoRa is a promising LPWAN technology for inter-connecting billions of low-power IoT nodes. We envision that an increasing number of IoT nodes will be deployed and connected to the Internet via LoRa to enable various innovative applications in several domains, including smart cities, smart monitoring, healthcare, and factory automation. We face great practical challenges and research opportunities in the design, implementation, and evaluation of LoRa technology and its applications and system development. This Special Issue is focused on LPWAN technologies, particularly LoRa, addressing (but not limited to) the following topics: Experimental deployments and solutions for mobile scenarios or situations where devices are deployed in a wide area; Machine learning techniques for the configuration and management of LoRa-based communications; Novel physical layer design and optimization for LoRa; Novel link layer and network layer design and implementation for LoRa; Co-existence and co-operation of LoRa with other wireless technologies in ISM bands; Security aspects of LoRa.
Effects of Laser Treatment on Surface Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Alloys
Laser-based material processing and surface engineering techniques are increasingly recognized as essential tools in modern manufacturing, enhancing the properties and characteristics of metals and alloys. Significant advancements have been made in both fundamental knowledge and material processing, with controlled and selective laser processing emerging as a key research area for preparing surfaces for diverse applications. This technology not only improves surface wetting characteristics but also activates surfaces for multifunctionality and enhances residual stress behavior, corrosion resistance, and tribological characteristics. Moreover, laser-induced deposition, alloying, and shock processing further expand the capabilities of surface treatment methods. Areas such as the aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy, and marine industries depend on materials that possess strong core properties alongside tailored surfaces for wear resistance, corrosion protection, heat stability, or biocompatibility. This Special Issue highlights fifteen recent studies utilizing lasers in various applications, including cladding, welding, texturing, and milling, often in conjunction with other techniques like ultrasound, magnetic fields, or micro-arc oxidation. A common focus across these works is the investigation of how laser parameters, such as power and scanning strategy, influence material microstructure and performance.
Artificial Intelligence in Fault Diagnosis and Signal Processing
The aim of this reprint is to immerse the reader in the latest technological approaches employed in the detection and diagnosis of faults in industrial processes. As the early detection of faults avoids damage that may be irreparable to machinery, reducing the performance of the control system and reducing the process efficiency, which would result in a decrease in production, new approaches to the detection and diagnosis of faults have become a compulsory task in any Industry 4.0 implementation. To develop such a new generation of fault detection systems, the use of artificial intelligence techniques and advanced solutions in signal processing have also become the most suitable approach. The result of this issue is a collection of 15 works highlighting the latest advances in this topic, bringing researchers and industrial practitioners together to share their findings and present ideas that are relevant in the field of fault diagnosis using artificial intelligence and signal processing.
Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensing Technology in Non-Destructive Testing
This Special Issue presents cutting-edge research on acoustic and ultrasonic sensing technologies for non-destructive testing (NDT). It brings together seventeen original contributions covering advanced ultrasonic wave techniques, novel transducer designs, intelligent signal processing, and interdisciplinary applications. These articles span diverse fields including civil and mechanical engineering, materials science, environmental sensing, and biological monitoring, with key themes including damage detection using Lamb and guided waves, fiber optic and piezoelectric sensor innovations, machine learning for defect classification, and the structural health monitoring of critical infrastructure. The reprint of this collection highlights how traditional ultrasonic methods evolve through integration with computational intelligence, flexible materials, and novel imaging strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of the current trends, challenges, and innovations in ultrasonic sensing and their application to complex real-world systems.
Renewable Energy Power Generation and Power Demand Side Management
With the growing global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, renewable energy power generation technologies have become crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, power demand-side management has emerged as an effective means to enhance energy efficiency and ensure the stable operation of power grids. This reprint contains systematic reviews and empirical studies regarding renewable energy power generation and power demand-side management, spanning many subject areas. These include reviews of renewable energy and demand-side flexibility, optimal configuration and dispatch of energy systems, performance analysis of renewable energy generation equipment, and other related topics.
Cutting Processes for Materials in Manufacturing
High-efficiency and high-performance cutting of difficult-to-cut materials has been an important topic for over one hundred years. As there is an increasing emergence of new machining techniques and materials, there is an increasing need to update the current pool of knowledge in order to gain a deeper understanding of various cutting techniques. The topics covered in this Reprint include material removal mechanisms, chip formation, cutting force, temperature, surface integrity, etc.
Motor Vehicles Energy Management
The Reprint is devoted to the issue of energy management in modern automotive vehicles. It presents the achievements of scientists and specialists, mainly from academic centers and research institutes in selected areas, with a particular emphasis on energy management strategies, vehicle charging stations, energy storage, and energy recovery during vehicle motion. These issues are discussed with consideration of different types of vehicles (BEV/FCEV/HEV/ICEV), connected vehicle technology, the use of composite materials in vehicle construction, the problem of recycling, and the role of the driver. Attention is also paid to issues of vehicle safety testing, focusing on the energy-consuming properties of vehicles and methods for assessing their durability and assemblies. Many of the chapters adopt the style of a review, providing a cross-sectional examination of these problems.
Advances in Non-Destructive Testing Methods, 2nd Edition
Non-destructive testing is a group of surface and volumetric diagnostic tests that provide information about the functional properties of the tested object. They enable the determination of the condition of the micro- and macrostructure without any interference to the structure. Due to this basic feature, the main purpose of non-destructive testing is the detection of material defects and the evaluation of tested objects for discontinuity and lack of uniformity. Thanks to NDT, it is possible to, for example, detect corrosion and erosion defects or cracks. Non-destructive testing can be carried out at various stages of production, operation, or repair. They are used to perform quality control of products and to determine the technical condition of the object. As a result, non-destructive testing has a wide range of applications in various branches of industry. The aim of the second part of this Topic is to continue with the presentation of both the development of various non-destructive testing methods, as well as examples of applications of this group of tests in various branches of industry.
Development of Interference Lithography Capability Using a Helium Cadmium Ultraviolet Multimode Laser for the Fabrication of Sub-Micron-Structured Optical Materials
The goal of this work is to develop unique holograms on a semiconductor-metal thin films to characterize as potential metamaterials. This is achievable by developing a fabrication recipe to include exposure methods, exposure dosages, and material development. This study developed an interference lithography capability at AFIT for the first time with period resolution below 230nm. It also identified initial acceptable photoresist materials and exposure dosages, and a path to follow to optimize this process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Utilizing Near-Field Measurements to Characterize Far-Field Radar Signatures
The increased need for stealth aircraft requires an on-site Far-Field (FF) Radar Cross-Section (RCS) measurement process. Conducting these measurements in on-site Near-Field (NF) monostatic facilities results in significantsavings for manufacturers and acquisition programs.How-ever, NF measurements are not directly extended to a FF RCS. Therefore, a large target Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation (NFFFT) is needed for RCS measurements. One approach requires an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) process to create accurate scattering maps. The focus of this work is the development of accurate NF scattering maps generated by a monostatic ISAR process.As a first look, the process is isolated to a simulated environment to avoid the uncontrollable effects ofrealmeasurement environments.The simulation begins witha NF Synthetic Target Generator (STG) which approximates a target using scattering centers illuminated by spherical electromagnetic waves to approximating NF scattering. The resulting NF In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) data is used in a 'Trapezoidal' ISAR process to create spatially distorted images that are accurately corrected within the ISAR process resolution using a newly developed NF correction. The resulting spatially accurate ISAR images do not complete the NFFFT. However, accurate scattering maps are essential for process development.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using Multiple MEMS IMUs to Form a Distributed Inertial Measurement Unit
MEMS IMUs are readily available in quantity and have extraordinary advantages over conventional IMUs in size, weight, cost, and power consumption. However, the poor performance of MEMS IMUs limits their use in more demanding military applications. It is desired to use multiple distributed MEMS IMUs to simulate the performance of a single, more costly IMU, using the theory behind Gyro-Free IMUs. A Gyro-Free IMU (GF-IMU) uses a configuration of accelerometers only to measure the three accelerations and three angular rotations of a rigid body in 3-D space. Theoretically, almost any configuration of six distributed accelerometers yields sufficient measurements to solve for the translational and angular acceleration. In reality, however, sensor noise corrupts the measurements and good sensor geometry is necessary to obtain an accurate estimate of the translational and angular accelerations. Determining the optimal configuration of accelerometers is an exercise in geometry. This thesis investigates the optimal geometry of an INS constructed of multiple networked IMUs and develops the accompanying mechanization and error equations. Simple simulations are run to test and validate the basic design principles.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fluid Dynamic and Stability Analysis of a Thin Liquid Sheet
Interest in thin sheet flows has recently been renewed due to their potential application in space radiators. Theoretical and experimental studies of the fluid dynamics and stability of thin liquid sheet flows have been carried out in this thesis. A computer program was developed to determine the cross-sectional shape of the edge cylinder given the cross-sectional area of the edge cylinder. A stability analysis was performed on a non-planer liquid sheet. A study was conducted to determine the effects of air resistance on the sheet.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Monocular Vision Localization Using a Gimbaled Laser Range Sensor
There have been great advances in recent years in the area of indoor navigation. Many of these new navigation systems rely on digital images to aid an inertial navigation estimates. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has been conducting research in this area for a number of years. The image-aiding techniques are centered around tracking stationary features in order to improve inertial navigation estimates. Previous research has used stereo vision systems or terrain constraints with monocular systems to estimate feature locations. While these methods have shown good results, they do have drawbacks. First, as unmanned exploration vehicles become smaller in size the distance available to create a baseline between two cameras decreases resulting in a decrease of distancing accuracy. Second, if using a monocular system, terrain data might not be known in an unexplored environment. This research explores the use of a small gimbaled laser range sensor and monocular camera to estimate feature locations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Characterization of a Polymer-Based MEMS Pyroelectric Infrared Detector
AFRL/MLPJE had developed a novel thermal sensing material termed proteinimpregnated- polymer (PIP). Thus far, a proof-of-concept has been demonstrated using a macro-sized pixel (0.64 mm2) as a bolometric detector. In an effort to better characterize this novel thermal sensing material, experimental data was used to determine figures of merit (FOMs) comparative to off-the-shelf thermal detectors. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) pixels were designed and used as the support structure for an inkjet-deposited droplet of the PIP. During the material characterization, two observations were made: PIP is a pyroelectric material, and the polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) without the protein was found to be more suited for measurements taken on the micro-scaled pixels. Both PVA and PVA doped with carbon black (PVA_CB) were the materials focused on in this research, with the latter being the material used for FOM characterization. Pyroelectric coefficients for PVA and PVA_CB were found to be 755.11 nC/(cm2 K), and 108.32 nC/(cm2 K), respectively, which are both two orders of magnitude higher than values for current pyroelectric polymers. A responsivity of 1.66 104 V/W, thermal time constant of 3.59 sec, noise equivalent power of 21.3 nW, and a detectivity of 1.93 105 cm Hz/W were the FOMs found in this thesis. Although the calculated FOMs are not stellar in comparison to current thermal detector technology, this material shows much promise. The shortfalls in FOMs could potentially be attributed to a poor pixel design. This thesis plants the scientific seed in cultivating a thermal imaging focal plane array (FPA) using a newly found pyroelectric polymer.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
