Brain Computer Interface Techniques for Brain Rhythms in Meditation
This book emphasize the brain computer interface techniques, brain rhythms and mediation states. Meditation is linked to a decrease anxiety and depression and increased pain tolerance .The brain tunes the out the outer world during meditation and on brain scans of meditator, scientists can see increased activity in default mode network-which is associated with better memory, goal setting and self-awareness. Meditators have higher levels of alpha waves, which have been shown to reduce feelings of negative mood, tension, sadness and anger. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning has received great attention for development of Brain Computer Interface applications to solve difficult problems for several domains. The consent meditation practice can help calm your mind and do much more for your overall health. This book favorable for medical students, research scholars, scientist and all human being.
Utilizing international land use regimes to shape domestic forest policies in Indonesia
Being organized into five chapters, this research detects the utilization of global and regional land use regimes by national bureaucracies. This research identifies domestic political background on utilizing international regimes within specific Indonesian land use change settings, a topic which has to date been neglected in this research field, with a few exceptions. Subsequently, the research poses several sub-questions to break down the main research question, which are as follows: 1. What are the bureaucracies and their tasks as well as their legal options to pursue actual and potential interests in steering land use transformation systems in Indonesia? 2. How did the domestic bureaucracy, together with international actors, use and adapt national instruments and international support to pursue their own (international and domestic) interests in several cases of land use transformation in Indonesia, such as (a) certification of palm oil and (b) Forest Management Units (FMU) and community forestry (CF)? 3. How did the domestic bureaucracy utilize the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) regional forest and environmental regime complex? 4. How is the relevance of international and regional regimes used in domestic bureaucratic politics?
Rheology and Quality Research of Cereal-Based Food
New trends in the cereal industry deal with the persistent need to develop new food goods tailored to consumer requirements and, in the near future, to the scarcity of food resources. Concepts of sustainable food production and food products as health and wellness promoters, the use of organic ingredients such as new ancient cereals to produce redesigned old staple foods, or the use of byproducts in designed food or feed formulations, in accordance with the bioeconomy and sustainability principles, are current topics that act as driving forces for innovation. The structure of cereal-based food products, especially in the case of gluten- or wheat-free foods, has proven to be a determinant for food appeal and strongly impacts consumer acceptance. It is well known that products with the same chemical composition can present very different structures, resulting in differently perceived texture and sensory properties and, therefore, rheology is an important tool for the food cereal industries. These are topics that act as driving forces for innovation and will be discussed in the present Special Issue.
Urbanization under a Changing Climate
In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies' efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.
Bioinformatics Applications Based On Machine Learning
The great advances in information technology (IT) have implications for many sectors, such as bioinformatics, and has considerably increased their possibilities. This book presents a collection of 11 original research papers, all of them related to the application of IT-related techniques within the bioinformatics sector: from new applications created from the adaptation and application of existing techniques to the creation of new methodologies to solve existing problems
Civil and Military Airworthiness
Effective safety management has always been a key objective for the broader airworthiness sector. This book is focused on safety themes with implications on airworthiness management. It offers a diverse set of analyses on aircraft maintenance accidents, empirical and systematic investigations on important continuing airworthiness matters and research studies on methodologies for the risk and safety assessment in continuing and initial airworthiness. Overall, this collection of research and review papers is a valuable addition to the published literature, useful for the community of aviation professionals and researchers.
Plant-Soil Interactions
Plant-soil interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. This book presents recent research advances on the effects of soil factors on plant communities and the role of ecological complementarity and species diversity in soil properties and ecosystem services. It addresses cultivated, degraded and natural soils, in fields as well as in greenhouse experiments, at different latitudes. It may be found useful by researchers, students and practitioners
Biomass Wastes for Energy Production
Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world's energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world's energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on "Biomass Wastes for Energy Production" brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world's energy supply systems.
Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society
This book features the manuscripts accepted for the Special Issue "Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society-Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence" of the MDPI journal Sensors. Most of the papers come from a selection of the best papers of the 2019 edition of the "Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society" (APPLEPIES) Conference, which was held in November 2019. All these papers have been significantly enhanced with novel experimental results. The papers give an overview of the trends in research and development activities concerning the pervasive application of electronics in industry, the environment, and society. The focus of these papers is on cyber physical systems (CPS), with research proposals for new sensor acquisition and ADC (analog to digital converter) methods, high-speed communication systems, cybersecurity, big data management, and data processing including emerging machine learning techniques. Physical implementation aspects are discussed as well as the trade-off found between functional performance and hardware/system costs.
Trends in Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure
The recently established Sustainable Development Goals call for a paradigm shift in the way that buildings and infrastructures are conceived. The construction industry is a major source of environmental impacts, given its great material consumption and energy demands. It is also a major contributor to the economic growth of regions, through the provision of useful infrastructure and generation of employment, among other factors. Conventional approaches underlying current building design practices fall short of covering the relevant environmental and social implications derived from inappropriate design, construction, and planning. The development of adequate sustainable design strategies is therefore becoming extremely relevant regarding the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda Goals for Sustainable Development. This book comprises 11 chapters that highlight the actual research trends in the construction sector, aiming to increase the knowledge on sustainable design practices by highlighting the actual practices that explore efficient ways to reduce the environmental consequences related to the construction industry, while promoting social wellbeing and economic development. The chapters collect papers included in the Special Issue "Trends in Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure" of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Human Enhancement Technologies and Our Merger with Machines
A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as "no longer human" at all.
Mathematical Modelling of Energy Systems and Fluid Machinery
The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector, which will make a large amount of data available, should not be viewed as a passive ICT application for energy technology or a threat to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, in the light of the competition triggered by data mining and machine learning techniques. These new technologies must be posed on solid bases for the representation of energy systems and fluid machinery. Therefore, mathematical modelling is still relevant and its importance cannot be underestimated. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect contributions about mathematical modelling of energy systems and fluid machinery in order to build and consolidate the base of this knowledge.
Water Quality Engineering and Wastewater Treatment
Clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. Wastewater, which is spent water, is also a valuable natural resource. However, wastewater may contain many contaminants and cannot be released back into the environment until the contaminants are removed. Untreated wastewater and inadequately treated wastewater may have a detrimental effect on the environment and has a harmful effect on human health. Water quality engineering addresses the sources, transport and treatment of chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water. Objectives for the treatment of wastewater are that the treated wastewater can meet national effluent standards for the protection of the environment and the protection of public health. This book, which is based on the Special Issue, includes contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater and sludge. The book deals with recent advances in municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge treatment technologies, health effects of municipal wastewater, risk management, energy efficient wastewater treatment, water sustainability, water reuse and resource recovery.
Electric Systems for Transportation
Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.
Smallholder Households’ Technology Adoption, Efficiency and Welfare Effect of improved white Haricot Beans Production in East Shewa Zone of South-Eastern Ethiopia
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2018 in the subject Agrarian Studies, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: White haricot bean is the major source of cash in domestic and international markets and serves as the cheapest source of protein diet for rural households. The double hurdle model and parametric stochastic frontier model of Cobb Douglass type production and cost functions were used to analyze the determinants of adoption and estimate production and cost efficiency scores, respectively. The adoption study revealed that the two decision tiers are independent and the same or different factors affected the two tiers. The decision to adopt is positively and significantly influenced by the frequency of extension contacts, landholding size, agricultural income, perception of the household heads (about price, contribution to soil fertility and nutritional importance), training, and crop diversification; and negatively by distance to market and form of possession of haricot bean plot (tenure). The intensity of adoption is positively affected by non-farm income, contact with NGOs, and negatively with the number of dependents and form of possession of haricot beans plot (tenure). Technical efficiency is significantly and positively influenced by sex (male=1), membership in farmers cooperatives, education of the family, experience in haricot beans farming, use of certified seeds, income from the farm sector and crop diversification; and negatively affected by age of the households. Allocative efficiency differential is significantly and positively influenced by farming experience and household size; and negatively influenced by sex, distance to market and fragmentation of land. Economic efficiency is significantly and positively affected by the education of the family and household size, and negatively by distance to market and fragmentation of land. Provision of improved extension services, enhancing the perceptions on the important attribu
Supersonic Business Jets in Preliminary Aircraft Design
The Preliminary Aircraft Design and Optimisation tool, PrADO, is an in-house program of the Institute of Aircraft Design and Lightweight Structures, TU Braunschweig, Germany, which covers a wide range of aspects of aircraft preliminary design. An initial aircraft concept serves as a basis for various analysis modules. Each module is designated to fulfil one special task e.g. aerodynamic analysis, estimation of structural mass, etc. The available methods grouped within those modules range from statistical methods to physics based models. From an aircraft developer's point of view PrADO is used within both, the conceptual and the preliminary design phase. The aim of this thesis is to introduce methods and methodologies to aircraft conceptual and preliminary design, more precisely to PrADO, that allow to judge supersonic aircraft concepts. Therefore, the aerodynamic analysis module, the structural analysis module and the propulsion module are extended. An inviscid flow solver is integrated to obtain aerodynamic coefficients. The calculated data serves as input to other analysis modules of PrADO. While the aerodynamic analysis module solely uses the outer geometry of the aircraft, the structural analysis module uses its internal structural layout as additional input to a herein developed finite element model generator. The distribution of secondary mass, fuel loading and payload distributions as well as loads for ground cases and trimmed flight cases are taken from the PrADO database, whereas the aerodynamic forces are calculated by solving the inviscid Euler equations. The model serves as basis for structural sizing and consequently the estimation of structural mass. The purpose of the propulsion module is to size the engine, to calculate the engine performance map and to provide reliable mass data based on the thermodynamic cycle. PrADO provides various models for the analysis of turbojet, turbofan and turboprop engines. It is extended by a turbofan engine with mixed
Radio Frequency Identification. Ein kurzer Einblick in die RFID-Technologie
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften - Computertechnik, Note: 1,3, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Rahmen dieser Hausarbeit wird auf Basis der derzeitig publizierten Quellen die Funktionsweise und aktuelle Anwendungsfelder der RFID-Technologie vorgestellt. Radio Frequency Identification ist eine Technik, deren Grundlage im Jahr 1922 mittels der Radar- und Radiowellentechnik geschaffen wurde. Die Radartechnik hat es m繹glich gemacht, durch die Reflexion von ausgestrahlten Radiowellen die Geschwindigkeit und die Lokalit瓣t eines Objektes zu erfassen. Selbst im zweiten Weltkrieg wurde dieses Verfahren genutzt. Britische Streitkr瓣fte waren dadurch in der Lage, ihre eigenen Flugzeuge von fremden Flugzeugen 羹ber eine Entfernung von 25 Meilen zu unterscheiden. In den sp瓣ten 60ern und fr羹hen 70ern wurde die Entwicklung dieser Technologie durch das Milit瓣r vorangetrieben.
PLC Controls with Ladder Diagram (LD), Monochrome
This book is an introduction to the programming language Ladder Diagram (LD) used in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). The book provides a general introduction to PLC controls and can be used for any PLC brands. With a focus on enabling readers without an electrical education to learn Ladder programming, the book is suitable for learners without prior knowledge of Ladder. The book contains numerous illustrations and program examples, based on real-world, practical problems in the field of automation. CONTENTS - Background, benefits and challenges of Ladder programming - PLC hardware, sensors, and basic Ladder programming - Practical guides and tips to achieve good program structures - Theory and examples of flowcharts, block diagrams and sequence diagrams - Design guide to develop functions and function blocks - Examples of organizing code in program modules and functions - Sequencing using SELF-HOLD, SET / RESET and MOVE / COMPARE - Complex code examples for a pump station, tank control and conveyor belt - Design, development, testing and simulation of PLC programs The book describes Ladder programming as described in the standard IEC 61131-3. PLC vendors understand this standard in different ways, and not all vendors follows the standard exactly. This will be clear through material from the vendor. This means that some of the program examples in this book may not work as intended in the PLC type you are using. In addition, there is a difference in how the individual PLC type shows graphic symbols and instructions used in Ladder programming. Note: This is a book for beginners and therefore advanced techniques such as ARRAY, LOOPS, STRUCT, ENUM, STRING, PID and FIFO are not included. The author has published several books and sold more than 10,000 copies.
Characterisation of a Nickel-Iron Battolyser
Low-carbon electricity systems require energy storage on all time scales to accommodate the variations in solar and wind power. The research described in this book builds on recent research into nickel-iron battery-electrolysers or "battolysers" as both short-term and long-term energy storage. For short-term cycling as a battery, the internal resistances and time constants have been measured, including the component values of resistors and capacitors in equivalent circuits. The dependence of these values on state-of-charge and temperature have also been measured. The results confirm that a nickel-iron cell can hold 25% more than its nominal charge. However, this increased capacity disappears at temperatures of 60簞C and may be dissipated quickly by self-discharge. When operating as an electrolyser for long-term energy storage, the experiments have established the importance of a separation gap between each electrode and the membrane for gas evolution and established the optimum size of this gap as approximately 1.25 mm. The nickel-iron cell has acceptable performance as an electrolyser for Power-to-X energy conversion but its large internal resistance limits voltage efficiency to 75% at a 5 hour charge and discharge rate, with or without a bubble separation membrane.
Brandschutz im Wohnungsbau. Baulicher Brandschutz durch Bauteile und Baustoffe
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften - Bauingenieurwesen, Note: 1,7, EBZ Business School (ehem. Europ瓣isches Bildungszentrum der Wohnungs- und Immobilienwirtschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit dem Thema des Brandschutzes in Bezug auf den Wohnungsbau auseinander. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem baulichen Brandschutz und den damit verbundenen Baustoffen und Bauteilen. Neben ihren Eigenschaften in Bezug auf ihr Brandverhalten sollen auch typische Wand- und Deckenkonstruktionen verschiedener Feuerwiderstandsklassen aufgezeigt und beschrieben werden. Feuer, ein Element, welches uns Menschen bereichern und vernichten kann. Es erm繹glicht uns, etwas zu kochen oder uns an ihm zu w瓣rmen. In Bruchteilen von Sekunden kann es aber auch eine Eigendynamik entwickeln und zu einer der gr繹?ten Gefahren f羹r Menschen, Tiere und Geb瓣ude werden. T瓣glich kommt es zu zahlreichen Wohnungsbr瓣nden in Deutschland und dem Rest der Welt. Menschen verlieren in den Flammen oft Ihr Zuhause, ihr Hab und Gut und nicht selten sogar ihr Leben. Zum Schutz vor einer solchen Trag繹die wurden Gesetze, Bestimmungen und Verordnungen erlassen, die den Brandschutz regeln. Somit stellt sich die Frage, wie der Brandschutz im Wohnungsbau geregelt ist und was man schon w瓣hrend der Planungsphase eines Wohngeb瓣udes beachten kann, um im Brandfall einen wirksamen Brandschutz gew瓣hrleisten zu k繹nnen?
Energy Return On Investment with the concept of EROI. Applications, criticism and implications
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: 1,0, Technical University of Munich (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering), course: Advanced Seminar on Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems, language: English, abstract: This paper is about the energy return of investment. Energy has a significant impact on economic growth and is a key driver for the wellbeing of a society. The less a society has to spend on energy, the more remains for consumption and discretionary spending that is directly translated into economic growth. This impact can be assessed with the help of the net energy analysis that makes use of the concept of EROI. The Energy Return On Investment is the ratio of the quantity of energy delivered to the quantity of energy consumed in a given process. Thus, this metric serves to measure the accessibility of a resource, meaning that the higher the EROI, the greater the amount of net energy delivered to society in order to support economic growth. This goes hand in hand with the finding that there is a minimum level of EROI that has to be reached, otherwise economic growth cannot be possible. Given that net energy analysis is going to be one of the most fundamental concepts in academic and policy discussion in view of the future of the energy mix there is still a clear need for a standardized and independent framework to calculate EROI.
Advanced Optimization Methods and Big Data Applications in Energy Demand Forecast
The use of data collectors in energy systems is growing more and more. For example, smart sensors are now widely used in energy production and energy consumption systems.This implies that huge amounts of data are generated and need to be analyzed in order to extract useful insights from them. Such big data give rise to a number of opportunities and challenges for informed decision making.In recent years, researchers have been working very actively in order to come up with effective and powerful techniques in order to deal with the huge amount of data available. Such approaches can be used in the context of energy production and consumption considering the amount of data produced by all samples and measurements, as well as including many additional features. With them, automated machine learning methods for extracting relevant patterns, high-performance computing, or data visualization are being successfully applied to energy demand forecasting.In light of the above, this Special Issue collects the latest research on relevant topics, in particular in energy demand forecasts, and the use of advanced optimization methods and big data techniques. Here, by energy, we mean any kind of energy, e.g., electrical, solar, microwave, or wind
Importance of Data Strategy for the Intellectualization of Agriculture. Business Recommendations Exemplified by the Chinese Agriculture Market
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The objective of this paper is, firstly, to emphasize the relevance of data and the impact of applying an appropriate corporate data strategy. Secondly, to raise awareness for the intellectualization of productive industries (e.g. agriculture) in order to become more effective. Both objectives are partly covered in the introduction chapter and will be further illuminated in the course of the paper by elaborating on the theoretical background. The aspects Data Strategy and Intelligent Agriculture have received much attention in the past decade. Consequently, they became a central issue in numerous research papers. Previous work has only focused on one of the subjects at a time and therefore failed to analyze their interplay. Few researchers have addressed both topics simultaneously. This paper seeks to address how both subjects influence and depend on each other. Thirdly, the derivation of concrete guidelines for companies how data strategy and the development of intelligence must be synchronized. Using best practices based on the analysis of the agriculture industry, recommendations will be formulated. The ability to manage data wisely is becoming increasingly important for businesses both today and in the future, and it is therefore a decisive key competence for their success. One central question is to be discussed by this paper: When implementing a data strategy, should an agricultural company develop and continuously adapt the strategy to changing requirements to remain competitive in fast-moving markets? To answer this question, we look at a company that has successfully made the transition from a traditional agricultural business to a cloud service provider: Top Cloud-Agri Technology Co., Ltd. (TPYN). This methodology ensures proximity to practical application, which in turn facilitates the development of practice-oriented use cases. Later, business recommen
Bioprodukte. Vom Nischenprodukt zum Kassenschlager
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Note: 1,0, Georg-August-Universit瓣t G繹ttingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der konventionelle Lebensmitteleinzelhandel hat das Bio-Segment als Wachstumsbranche erkannt und weitet deshalb sein Angebot an 繹kologisch erzeugten Lebensmitteln st瓣ndig weiter aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mit Hilfe der Literaturrecherche die Entwicklung des Bio-Lebensmittelmarktes zu betrachten und zu analysieren sowie deren zuk羹nftigen Marktchancen anhand des Verbraucherverhalten abzusch瓣tzen. Anders als bei den Lebensmitteln muss bei Kosmetik, Kleidung und den Putzmitteln Bio nicht wirklich Bio sein. Hier fehlt eine gesetzliche Rechtsvorschrift. Der Begriff Bio ist bei diesen Produkten nicht eindeutig definiert und es fehlen die entsprechenden Kontrollstellen zur Zertifizierung. Diese Produkte sind daher nicht Gegenstand meiner Betrachtung. Diese Arbeit teilt sich in mehrere Teile. Im einleitenden ersten Teil erfolgt die Kl瓣rung der Begriffe "Bio" und "?ko". Bei der darauffolgenden Betrachtung des Bio- Lebensmittelmarktes geht es um die Gr繹?e und die Entwicklung des Bio- Lebensmittelumsatzes. Die Daten basieren dabei gr繹?tenteils auf die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Marktforschungsinstitute. Es wird auf die Vermarktungswege und die Warengruppenstruktur der Bio-Lebensmittel eingegangen. Die Betrachtung des Bio-K瓣ufers benennt Motive seines Kaufverhaltens und analysiert es. Es werden Gr羹nde f羹r m繹gliche Kaufbarrieren genannt. Abschlie?end wird ein Ausblick auf die m繹gliche Entwicklung des Bio-Marktes gegeben.
Can rainwater harvesting within Glasgow Avenues Project area lead to potable watersavings and carbon footprint reduction?
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, grade: 2.1, University of Strathclyde (Civil and Environmental Engineering), language: English, abstract: This research will present opportunities and limitations of rooftop rainwater harvesting within Glasgow Avenues Project area. Potential potable water savings will shed light on other environmental benefits, such as greenhouse gasses emissions and energy consumption. All findings of conducted research will be detailed within subsequent chapters of this paper. Estimations predict that, due to current freshwater shortages, water will replace petroleum as the liquid gold of the 21st century. Even though some regions, such as Scotland, have an abundance of water, it can be argued that due to the trends of growing population, which inevitably leads to greater consumption, and the relentless increasing of the Earth's temperature, which translates into triggering more rapid evaporation rates, this situation may not be sustainable in the future. Supplying water leads to many environmental changes, such as decreasing groundwater levels in aquifers or air pollution from water collection, treatment and pumping over long distances. Air pollution significantly contributes to the global climate change, which in turn will intensify the water shortage problem. Rainwater harvesting as a capture, storage and supply of rainwater at the point of use may be a viable solution for these issues. Properly designed and supplied by renewable energy these systems may enhance the city's resilience to climate change and help tackle environmental issues. In urbanised areas, the least contaminated rainwater can be collected from the rooftops. Rainwater contamination impacts on the system's efficiency and longevity, which is important in financial and maintenance aspects. Rainwater collected at the building rooftop can be utilised for non-potable purposes within that building, and any excess water can be stor
Short-Circuit Withstand Capability of Power Transformers
The work presented in this PhD-thesis concentrates on radial buckling phenomena of power transformer windings made from Continuously Transposed Conductors (CTC). Analytical and simulation-based approaches describe the critical buckling load involving elastoplastic material behavior. A test stand allows verifying the theoretical results based on dynamic short-circuit tests with realistic winding arrangements in air. Acceleration sensors and a high-speed camera are used to measure the winding vibration and deformation. Furthermore, bonded CTCs are characterized by bending tests and a simulation model including the shear strength of the bonding is developed. Another focus is on the impact of the paper insulation wrapped around CTCs and its contribution to the overall mechanical stiffness. On this subject a considerable impact has been discovered. Accelerated aging tests address the mechanical effect of paper aging based on bending tests as well as zero- and wide-span tensile tests and the degree of polymerization (DP).
Hybrid Bulk Metal Components
In recent years, the requirements for technical components have steadily been increasing. This development is intensified by the desire for products with a lower weight, smaller size, and extended functionality, but also with a higher resistance against specific stresses. Mono-material components, which are produced by established processes, feature limited properties according to their respective material characteristics. Thus, a significant increase in production quality and efficiency can only be reached by combining different materials in a hybrid metal component. In this way, components with tailored properties can be manufactured that meet the locally varying requirements. Through the local use of different materials within a component, for example, the weight or the use of expensive alloying elements can be reduced. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the recent progress and new developments regarding all aspects of hybrid bulk metal components. This includes fundamental questions regarding the joining, forming, finishing, simulation, and testing of hybrid metal parts.
Power-to-Hydrogen in the German industry sector. Potential and impact on the energy system
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Munich (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering), language: English, abstract: This paper is about the Power-to-Hydrogen in the German industry sector. In addition to the decarbonization of the electricity, heat and transport sectors, the nonenergetic consumption of fossil fuels in the industry sector can also be replaced by renewable resources and therefore holds great potential for decarbonization. In the larger concept of Power-to-X, Power-to-Hydrogen plays an important role: Power-to-Hydrogen can accelerate cross-sectoral electrification via electrolysis as conversion technology and via hydrogen as chemical storage. The annual hydrogen demand for ammonia and methanol production, refining processes, steelmaking and float glass production in Germany is above 50 TWh. Today, this demand is largely covered by conventional reforming processes based on fossil fuels and associated with considerable CO2 emissions. Power-to-Hydrogen has the potential to reduce fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions, while advancing the linkage between the energy and the industry sector. From an environmental perspective, a necessary condition for the decarbonization of nonenergetic fossil fuel use is an energy mix that is already primarily based on renewable energy sources. Even though this requirement will only be fulfilled in 2030 at earliest, a combination of conventional and power-based hydrogen production can be viable earlier through additional flexibilities including hydrogen storage in salt caverns. With increasing rates of renewable electricity generation, Power-to-Hydrogen gets more competitive as well. However, a hydrogen production entirely based on Power-to-Hydrogen increases the electricity demand of the energy system substantially, bringing about new challenges in terms of costs, grid stability and reliability of supply. Nevertheless, on-site s
Feature Detection and Matching. Computer Vision
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Engineering - Computer Engineering, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Ulm, language: English, abstract: This thesis deals with the eminent as well as demanding subfield of computer vision for the implementation of image processing and image analysis processes. Explicitly meant here is the research field of "Feature Detection and Matching". In concrete terms, this field of research comprises numerous proven and tested detection algorithms for the calculation of abstract image information as well as for local decision making at image points for feature recognition. The tangible application of this form of technology takes place in many sub-competencies of computer vision. These include the joining of image mosaics, image and video stabilization, and the recognition and/or match analysis of image object instances. There are two main principles of feature recognition: Feature Matching, describes the viewing and recognition of all features within an image object and the assignment of these based on their local features, feature Tracking, describes the analysis of image features with local search techniques, such as correlation, to find and track image features. The main goal of the scientific work requires the definition and explanation of essential features of the applied methodologies in a manageable abstract form. In doing so, numerous recognized fields of computer vision and applied mathematics are included for the purpose of argumentation and proof. Of elementary importance is the constant attempt to show a smooth transition between concepts that are particularly theoretically mathematically based and the actual practical application and use. At this point, numerous specially developed software elements in Python are used with the OpenCV library to illustrate the practical part. The main source of this scientific work is the extensive book "Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications" by Richard Sze
Human Population as a Driver to Climate Change. Conflict between Human Population Growth and Climate Change in Developing Countries
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2021 in the subject Nature Protection, Landscape Conservation, grade: 2.0, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, course: Sustainable Development Management, language: English, abstract: This paper deals with the impact of the growth of human population on climate change. After an introduction the impact of climate change will be discussed. The cost of climate change and the energy the human population is consuming is analysed. Furthermore, the human population as a driver to climate change will be evaluated. Our world is overpopulated, and we are struggling to feed everyone and fulfil each individual's needs. The poverty and hunger in developing countries are rising, and in the same environment, we are witnessing an increase in the population. We have 80 million births each year, with an anticipated 9.7 billion people by 2050. These are not just simple numbers; they need a decent place to live, access to water, food security, clean air, and sustainable cities with affordable energy. Global warming can be seen as flood, drought, ice melt, disease, food insecurity, and other natural disasters. It is found that climate change can displace 143 million people by 2050, and there will be conflicts between nations over natural resources. In today's world, we still have inequality between developed and least developed countries in various sectors and levels. A transformation to reduce climate change effects can create over 65 million jobs, but failing to cope with climate change can result in losing 80 million jobs by 2030. In terms of the economy, the climate change catastrophe cost us US$ 165 billion globally in 2019. Forests are vital players in reducing CO2 emissions, but the desertification of forests by humans includes 23 % of carbon emission. The transformation from fossil fuels to green energy can bring us US$ 52 trillion in a year. Also, biodiversity has a significant contribution to our ecosystem, and their pres
50 Jahre Systematische Heuristik
Die Systematische Heuristik (SH) ist eine wichtige Methode zur Effektivierung und Rationalisierung gedanklicher Arbeitsprozesse in Forschung und Entwicklung. Sie ist eng verbunden mit dem Wirken des Chemnitzers Hochschullehrers Johannes M羹ller und hatte Einfluss auf mehrere Generationen von Ingenieuren in der DDR, vor allem im Bereich von Konstruktionstechnik und Maschinenbau. Ihre Bl羹tezeit erlebte die SH Anfang der 1970er Jahre, wo sie zwei Jahre als "Abteilung Heuristik" die Chemnitzer Au?enstelle der AMLO massiv staatlich gef繹rdert wurde. Mit dem Erstarken von Honeckers Einfluss wurden diese Strukturen allerdings aufgel繹st. Auch danach spielte die SH in der studentischen Ausbildung eine wichtige Rolle und hatte gro?en Einfluss auf Gedankengut zu systematischen Innovationsmethodiken, etwa in den DDR-Erfinderschulen der 1980er Jahre. Die Autoren nehmen 50 Jahre SH zum Anlass, diese inzwischen gut vergessenen Ans瓣tze genauer darzustellen und in Erinnerung zu rufen. Das Manuskript ist im Kontakt mit vielen ehemaligen "Heuristikern" entstanden, die eigene Biographien im Kontext der durch die SH erhaltenen Impulse darstellen. Daraus leiten die Autoren eine Reihe von "Denkanst繹?en" ab, mit denen auf Defizite der heutigen technischen Ausbildung im Bereich heuristischer Methoden in Schule und Hochschule hingewiesen wird.
Vector Analysis and Cartesian Tensors, Third edition
This is a comprehensive and self-contained text suitable for use by undergraduate mathematics, science and engineering students. Vectors are introduced in terms of cartesian components, making the concepts of gradient, divergent and curl particularly simple. The text is supported by copious examples and progress can be checked by completing the many problems at the end of each section. Answers are provided at the back of the book.
Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization
This Special Issue "Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization" offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments in these topics. The analysis, operation, and control of power systems are increasingly complex tasks that require advanced simulation models to analyze and control the effects of transformations concerning electricity grids today: Massive integration of renewable energies, progressive implementation of electric vehicles, development of intelligent networks, and progressive evolution of the applications of artificial intelligence.
Advances of Italian Machine Design
This 2028 Special Issue presents recent developments and achievements in the field of Mechanism and Machine Science coming from the Italian community with international collaborations and ranging from theoretical contributions to experimental and practical applications. It contains selected contributions that were accepted for presentation at the Second International Conference of IFToMM Italy, IFIT2018, that has been held in Cassino on 29 and 30 November 2018. This IFIT conference is the second event of a series that was established in 2016 by IFToMM Italy in Vicenza. IFIT was established to bring together researchers, industry professionals and students, from the Italian and the international community in an intimate, collegial and stimulating environment.
Inverse Dynamics Problems
The inverse dynamics problem was developed in order to provide researchers with the state of the art in inverse problems for dynamic and vibrational systems. Contrasted with a forward problem, which solves for the system output in a straightforward manner, an inverse problem searches for the system input through a procedure contaminated with errors and uncertainties. An inverse problem, with a focus on structural dynamics, determines the changes made to the system and estimates the inputs, including forces and moments, to the system, utilizing measurements of structural vibration responses only. With its complex mathematical structure and need for more reliable input estimations, the inverse problem is still a fundamental subject of research among mathematicians and engineering scientists. This book contains 11 articles that touch upon various aspects of inverse dynamic problems.
Interaction between Waves and Maritime Structures
This book is the result of a stimulating Special Issue of Water, focusing on the "Interaction between waves and Maritime Structures". This broadly inclusive title allowed the gathering of articles on different topics of engineering concern, making the book appeal to both scientists and practical engineers. Original contributions on evergreen problems, such as wave overtopping at conventional and unconventional coastal structures, wave-induced pressures at vertical walls, hydraulic stability of rubble mound breakwaters and dynamics of crown-walls indeed represent the main core of the book; however, other intriguing research topics are also tackled, including the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for biphase flows, the downscaling of large maritime structures in a physical lab, floating bodies mechanics and the numerical modeling of coastline evolution.
Recent Advancements in Metallic Glasses
The Special Issue "Recent Advancements in Metallic Glasses" presents ten original papers, considering both scientific and application issues related to metallic glasses. The papers are devoted to general consideration of the formation and defects of the glassy structure, defect evolution due to heat treatment, deformation behavior upon compression and high-pressure torsion, amorphous-crystalline transformation, hydrogenation behavior, and biomedical applications.
The Original Survey
The most comprehensive treatment of key elements of original surveys, and the research required to find them, which is an important issue in retracement surveys that has never been fully explored. It will help surveyors become familiar with the proper identification and requirements and find the appropriate evidence using proper procedures.The most comprehensive treatment of key elements of original surveys and the research required to find original surveys, is an important issue in retracement surveys that has never been fully explored. It emphasizes the importance and the necessity of determining the creation of the title and its sources along with its accompanying survey or location. The case studies included in the book discuss the consequences when investigators do not follow complete research procedures, and act upon less information, even though the law requires otherwise. This is a practical guide for surveyors to become familiar with the proper identification and requirements and find the appropriate evidence using the right procedures.This book is intended for the practicing surveyor and will be useful to the legal profession, historical researchers, federal land departments, and others interested in surveys.Features This is the first book that focuses on identifying original surveys, written by one of the top consultants in the United States, who brings real case examples of both successes and failures Explains land separation techniques when more than one has been used previously. Includes numerous case examples providing context for surveyors and attorneys Discusses the relation between title creation and their transfer Addresses federal versus private surveys, their differences, and similarities
Distribution-Free Methods for Statistical Process Monitoring and Control
This book explores nonparametric statistical process control. It provides an up-to-date overview of nonparametric Shewhart-type univariate control charts, and reviews the recent literature on nonparametric charts, particularly multivariate schemes. Further, it discusses observations tied to the monitored population quantile, focusing on the Shewhart Sign chart. The book also addresses the issue of practically assuming the normality and the independence when a process is statistically monitored, and examines in detail change-point analysis-based distribution-free control charts designed for Phase I applications. Moreover, it introduces six distribution-free EWMA schemes for simultaneously monitoring the location and scale parameters of a univariate continuous process, and establishes two nonparametric Shewhart-type control charts based on order statistics with signaling runs-type rules. Lastly, the book proposes novel and effective method for early disease detection.
Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science
This book is composed of chapters that focus specifically on technological developments by distinguished figures in the history of MMS (Mechanism and Machine Science). Biographies of well-known scientists are also included to describe their efforts and experiences and surveys of their work and achievements and a modern interpretation of their legacy are presented.After the first two volumes, the papers in this third volume again cover a wide range within the field of the History of Mechanical Engineering with specific focus on MMS and will be of interest and motivation to the work (historical or not) of many.
Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases
Introduction.- Part I Fundamental Principles.- Combustion Basics.- Properties of Gaseous Pollutants.- Properties of Particles.- Separation of Gas Pollutants from Air.- Separation of Particulates from Air.- Part II Engineering Designs and Applications.- Air Emissions From Actual Fuel Combustion.- Air Quality and Air Emission Monitoring.- Pre Combustion Air Emission Control.- In-Combustion Air Emission Control.- Post Combustion Air Emission Control.- Air Dispersion.- Part III Special Topics.- Carbon Sequestration and Storage.- Nano Air Pollution.- Indoor Air Quality Engineering.
The Art of Engineering Leadership
In times of networking and the growing importance of platform economies, how can products and services be developed that inspire people? Which development methods and organisational forms are promising for this? Leaders and developers will find answers to these questions in this book. With their holistic approach, the authors look at the changing leadership roles that arise in the development of products and services: Is it, for example, about translating new ideas or unknown technologies into high-quality products? Or is it about working efficiently together in an international development alliance? The procedures and models were discussed and further developed in more than 10,000 theoretical and practical workshops with managers at Bosch worldwide. At its core is a leadership model that facilitates discussion and combines the skills needed to master technical issues with those needed to lead people.After an introductory chapter on fundamental questions such as the organization's purpose, values, and strategic goals, key elements of leadership in systems design are introduced, including requirements engineering, architecture design, and model-based development. The following chapters discuss concrete approaches and strategies to- Convert quality attributes, - to reduce risks, - to introduce a review culture, - manage complexity- Process conflicts- Define roles- to build teams.The structure of the book follows the process of developing and implementing strategic goals. However, each chapter can also be read on its own, as it forms a self-contained unit.This book makes the leadership task understandable, discussable and learnable for developers. It thus helps managers to shape change in their own field of work or to grow into a new role.
Advances in Reliability Analysis and Its Applications
This book presents the latest research in the fields of reliability theory and its applications, providing a comprehensive overview of reliability engineering and discussing various tools, techniques, strategies and methods within these areas. Reliability analysis is one of the most multidimensional topics in the field of systems reliability engineering, and while its rapid development creates opportunities for industrialists and academics, it is also means that it is hard to keep up to date with the research taking place. By gathering findings from institutions around the globe, the book offers insights into the international developments in the field. As well as discussing the current areas of research, it also identifies knowledge gaps in reliability theory and its applications and highlights fruitful avenues for future research. Covering topics from life cycle sustainability to performance analysis of cloud computing, this book is ideal for upper undergraduate and postgraduate researchers studying reliability engineering.
The Handbook of Service Innovation
Bringing together some of the world's leading thinkers, academics and professionals to provide practitioners, students and academicians with comprehensive insights into implementing effective service innovation. This book presents service innovation holistically and systemically across various service areas, including health, education, tourism, hospitality, telecommunications, and retail. It addresses contemporary issues through conceptual and applied contributions across industry, academia, and government, providing insights for improved practice and policy making.Featuring cutting-edge research contributions, practical examples, implementations and a select number of case studies across several growth service industries, this book also includes examples of failed service innovation attempts in order to demonstrate a balanced view of the topic and to make clear the pitfalls to be avoided.Culminating in a suggested step-by-step guide to enable service organization's managers to understand and implement the concepts of service innovation and manage its evolutionary processes effectively, this book will prove a valuable resource to a wide reaching audience including researchers, practitioners, managers, and students who aspire to create a deeper scientific foundation for service design and engineering, service experience and marketing, and service management and innovation. Includes endorsements from professionals in the field of service innovation.
Victims of Fashion
Animal products were used extensively in nineteenth-century Britain. A middle-class Victorian woman might wear a dress made of alpaca wool, drape herself in a sealskin jacket, brush her hair with a tortoiseshell comb, and sport feathers in her hat. She might entertain her friends by playing a piano with ivory keys or own a parrot or monkey as a living fashion accessory. In this innovative study, Helen Cowie examines the role of these animal-based commodities in Britain in the long nineteenth century and traces their rise and fall in popularity in response to changing tastes, availability, and ethical concerns. Focusing on six popular animal products - feathers, sealskin, ivory, alpaca wool, perfumes, and exotic pets - she considers how animal commodities were sourced and processed, how they were marketed and how they were consumed. She also assesses the ecological impact of nineteenth-century fashion.
Raising Ducks
Check Out This Comprehensive Guide on Raising Happy and Healthy Ducks in Your Own Backyard!Have you ever wanted to cuddle a duckling? Were you scared that they would run away, or that you could not do it? Do you want to raise ducks, but do not know how? Read all about raising happy ducks in this comprehensive guide on duck parenting and how to make the most of the experience. This book will guide you through all the phases of a duck's life, and how you can actively participate in nurturing and development of these gentle animals. Prepare your own backyard and live with fuzzy, gentle domestic animal that is a duck. Cuddling, snuggling and positive emotions guaranteed! This guide is here to show you the easiest way to properly raise them!Do you wonder about feeding them?Would you like to learn where to buy the right breed?Do you want do make your own backyard petting zoo?If so, everything you need can be found inside of this book. You'll learn how to find the right food supplier and choose the right breed. You'll learn how to approach duck hatching and prepare the little ones for incubation. All of the answers you're looking for are here!
Chemical Prestressing of Thin Concrete Elements with Carbon Textile Reinforcement.
Die Vorspannung des Betons mit nichtmetallischer Bewehrung ist ein Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens, der zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. F羹r Textilbewehrung, die aufgrund der geometrischen Form und Struktur f羹r die Vorspannung besonders herausfordernd ist, stellt die Technologie der chemischen Vorspannung, bei der Quellzemente anstelle mechanischer Vorrichtungen zur Einleitung von Spannungen verwendet werden, eine alternative L繹sung dar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Quellbetonelemente mit Textilbewehrung auf uniaxiales Zugverhalten, auf Verbund- und Biegeverhalten untersucht. Die Messungen der Dehnungen 羹ber die Zeit und die Untersuchungen des Verhaltens der Probek繹rper best瓣tigten, dass die chemische Vorspannung von Bauteilen mit Textilbewehrung erreichbar ist. Die eingeleiteten Spannkr瓣fte und der Einfluss der Vorspannung auf den Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit mit Schwerpunkt auf der Risslast wurden quantifiziert. Prestressing of concrete with non-metallic reinforcement is an emerging field in structural engineering. For textile reinforcement, because of its geometrical form and structure, a chemical prestressing technology where expansive cement is used to induce stresses instead of mechanical devices, comes as an alternative yet promising method. The behaviour of expansive concrete members with carbon textile reinforcement was experimentally assessed in uniaxial tensile, pull-out and flexural tests. Measurements of expansion in time and results of subsequent loading tests have confirmed that chemical prestressing of elements with textile reinforcement can be realized. The introduced prestressing forces were quantified and the influence of prestressing on serviceability limit state with a focus on cracking load was analysed.
Response of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties to Row Spacing at Boloso Sore District, Southern Ethiopia
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2021 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: 1, course: Agriculture, language: English, abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2019 main cropping season at Boloso Sore district with the objective of evaluating different maturing varieties and row spacing on yield and yield components of maize. Four row spacing (50, 65, 70 and 80 cm) and three maize varieties (BH-540, BH-543 and BH-547) were tested in factorial arrangement laid out in RCBD replicated three times.This work analyses the study and presents its results. Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks third in world production after wheat and rice. Ethiopia is the fourth largest maize producing country in Africa, and first in the East African region in terms of production. Presently maize is widely grown in most parts of the world over a wide range of environmental conditions ranging between 50簞 latitude north and south of the equator. Maize is an important field crop in terms of area coverage, production and utilization in Ethiopia. It ranks second in area coverage (after teff) and first in total production among cereals. It is grown for its food and feed values and one of the most important staples and cash crops and the main sources of calories. In view of its high demand for food grains and high yield per unit area, maize has been among the leading food grains selected to achieve food self-sufficiency in Ethiopia.The major maize producing regions in Ethiopia are Oromia, Amhara, and SNNPRS in descending order. The national average productivity of maize was 4.09 ton ha-1. In SNNPRS, maize ranked first in terms of area coverage and production among cereals and its average yield was 3.93 ton ha-1. Wolaita zone is one of the most important maize producing zones in SNNPR State. According to CSA report, at Wolaita zone, maize is the first leading crops among cereals in area coverage, and its zonal average yield was 3.01 tha
