Application of the Systems Approach to the Management of Complex Water Systems
During the past five decades, we have witnessed a tremendous evolution in water resource system management. Three characteristics of this evolution are of particular note: First, the application of the systems approach to complex water management problems has been established as one of the most important advances in the field of water resource management. Second, the past five decades have brought a remarkable transformation of attitude in the water resource management community towards environmental concerns and action to address these concerns. Third, applying the principles of sustainability to water resource decision-making requires major changes in the objectives on which decisions are based, and an understanding of the complicated inter-relationships between existing ecological, economic, and social factors. The Special Issue includes 15 contributions that offer insights into contemporary problems, approaches, and issues related to the management of complex water resources systems. It will be presumptuous to say that these 15 contributions characterize the success or failure of the systems approach to support water resources decision-making. However, these contributions offer interesting lessons from current experiences and highlight possible future work.
Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020
This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled "Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020". The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.
Remotely Sensed Albedo
Albedo is a known and documented phenomenon, defined as the reflectivity of a surface, i.e., the ratio of reflected light energy to incident light energy. It is a dimensionless quantity, used in particular in agro-forestry, urban environment, cryosphere and geology. It is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV), deemed extremely meaningful to compute the earth heat balance. The albedo of natural surfaces varies largely, especially in the visible, with the lowest values found for water bodies and dense vegetation canopies and the highest values for desert and snow. It also changes with the angular distribution and spectral composition of the incident radiation and with the surface moisture. Satellite observations allow consistent measuring of the surface albedo at continental scale over a short period of time. Long-term series of surface albedo are good indicators of climate change, especially over glaciers and polar caps. On the other hand, the albedo of bare soil provides a good diagnostic of their degradation. The reliability of satellite albedo is verified against ground-based radiometers and UAV, which also serves to calibrate the instruments embarked on space-borne observing systems and check the quality of the atmospheric correction.
Search Engine Optimization
This Special Issue book focuses on the theory and practice of search engine optimization (SEO). It is intended for anyone who publishes content online and it includes five peer-reviewed papers from various researchers. More specifically, the book includes theoretical and case study contributions which review and synthesize important aspects, including, but not limited to, the following themes: theory of SEO, different types of SEO, SEO criteria evaluation, search engine algorithms, social media and SEO, and SEO applications in various industries, as well as SEO on media websites. The book aims to give a better understanding of the importance of SEO in the current state of the Internet and online information search. Even though SEO is widely used by marketing practitioners, there is a relatively small amount of academic research that systematically attempts to capture this phenomenon and its impact across different industries. Thus, this collection of studies offers useful insights, as well as a valuable resource that intends to open the door for future SEO-related research.
Mechanical Properties in Progressive Mechanically Processed Metallic Materials
The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials' performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced.
Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020
This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled "Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020". The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.
Sustainable Management of Non-Timber Forest Products. The Role of a Market Price Information System
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2019 in the subject Forestry / Forestry Economics, language: English, abstract: The study aims to identify the role of market price information system in distribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) among the usufructs and sustainable management of NTFPs in long run. Information of market and price of NTFPs is important for usufructs to protect the forest and timely cultivate and harvest the non-timber forest product. The study has explored the knowledge and accessibility of usufructs on MPIS of NTFPs, current practice of MPIS, effectiveness of MPIS and challenges and opportunity of equitable distribution of NTFPs among usufructs. The study was based on the cross-sectional descriptive and exploratory research design. Data was collected from 466 respondents of Dolpa, Salyan and Banke districts of Nepal. Mixed method was adopted to collect the data. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Structured questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were done to collect the quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical models like cross-tabulation, Chi-Square test and ANOVA were used for data analysis.
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An Introduction to Impedance Control of Constrained Robotic Mechanisms
Scientific Study from the year 2020 in the subject Engineering - Robotics, University of Baghdad (University of Baghdad, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq), language: English, abstract: This paper is concerned with summarizing the categories of impedance control showing the feature and the limitations of each category. Much attention is paid to variable impedance control considering the possible control schemes, performance, the stability, the integration of constant/variable compliant elements with the host robots, etc. For a long time, the robotics community concentrated on improving the performance of the robotic systems in free space. The advanced control strategies for position control could not be sufficient to stabilize the motion of robots in constrained spaces. In general, there are two categories of force control schemes with miscellaneous subdivisions: hybrid position-force control and impedance control. The former is well suitable for well-known interaction environment, however, it does not consider the dynamic interaction between robot end-effector and the environment. In contrast, impedance control includes regulation and stabilization of robot motion via creating a mathematical relationship between the interaction forces and the reference trajectories. In general, a mass-spring-damper impedance filter is used for stabilization purposes. Tuning the parameters of the impedance filter is not trivial and may lead to unstable contact if an unsuitable strategy is used. The human, however, has amazing control systems with advanced biological actuators. He/she can manipulate the muscles stiffness to softly comply to the interaction forces. Accordingly, the parameters of the impedance filter should be time-varying rather than value-constant in order to meet the human behavior during interaction tasks.
S矇curiser ses 矇changes 矇lectroniques avec une PKI
S矇curiser les 矇changes entre entreprises.
Mettre en place et exploiter un centre d’appels
Explique dans une premi癡re partie comment fonctionne techniquement un centre d'appels.
Progettazione e implementazione di linguaggi di programmazione
Le banane di programmazione sono strutture di linguaggio grammaticale nei computer con cui un algoritmo pu簷 essere descritto da diverse strutture grammaticali per l'esecuzione di un computer, rendendo possibile scrivere programmi per produrre nuovo software.Di solito, ogni linguaggio di programmazione ha un ambiente software per inserire, eseguire, compilare e fare il debug del testo del programma.Un linguaggio di programmazione 癡 un linguaggio inglese sintetico progettato per esprimere calcoli che possono essere eseguiti da una macchina (specialmente un computer).
From wheat to bread, the impact of yeast in baking
This study is a product of the ANR Bakery research project. From a panel of 40 bakers, a selection of 4 types of sourdough, differentiated by the microbial diversity of the yeast and bacteria populations, was selected.The 4 bakers chosen on the specificity of their sourdoughs initiated 6 chef sourdoughs, during 3 weeks, in their work environment and with their practices, using 6 flours from a mixture of modern varieties and a mixture of varieties from ancient wheat populations, each cultivated in 3 different terroirs.The aim was to observe the effect of these factors (bakery, flour, terroir) on the characteristics of the leavens produced.From these master yeasts, all-point yeasts were prepared for the implementation of bread-making trials with a reference diagram using the flours of the study. The impact of these sourdoughs during bread-making and on the breads was characterised by observation of the properties of the dough and by measurements of acidity, gas production and the dosage of chemical components on the breads.Wheat and baking practices influence the activity of the yeast and the characteristics of the breads.
Stress Analysis of Lined Pressure Tunnels using Finite Element Method
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2006 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, grade: Thesis awarded, Andhra University (Andhra University), course: Doctoral thesis, language: English, abstract: Under ground openings are integral part of any hydro-electric power generation projects in the form of power tunnels and power house cavities. In recent times there has been rapid growth in under ground hydro power projects in India. Under ground power house usually consists of large openings such as power house cavern, transformer cavern, surge chamber etc. which are joined by pressure tunnels, bus galleries, draft tube tunnels and access adits. The majority of tunnels for hydro electric purpose are located in mountainous region and the rock medium in which these openings are made is usually heterogeneous and anisotropic. This discontinuous behavior of rock mass may lead to complex rock mechanics problems. The excavations in such a complicated rock medium needs a thorough understanding of the geological, structural features of the rock mass i.e. its response to the process of excavation. In the present work, analytical and numerical solutions of stress distribution around underground openings located in an initially stressed medium are studied and compared. The analytical solutions are restricted to openings of simple geological features while the numerical modeling has emerged as a powerful tool in the case of complex geological structures. Several numerical techniques are available to model the rock mass as equivalent continuum or as discontinuum with explicit representation of the structural features. The present work is concerned with the stress analysis of Tehri head race tunnel with circular cross section. It deals with the stress analysis of concrete lined pressure tunnels for various problems, which will arise, in the construction of pressure tunnels. The numerical modeling provides the reasons for the observed behavior of the rock mass, develop
Non-Destructive Testing of Structures
The Special Issue "Non-Destructive Testing of Structures" has been proposed to present the recent developments in the field of the diagnostics of structural materials and components in civil and mechanical engineering. The papers highlighted in this editorial concern various aspects of non-invasive diagnostics, including such topics as the condition assessments of civil and mechanical structures and the connections of structural elements, the inspection of cultural heritage monuments, the testing of structural materials, structural health monitoring systems, the integration of non-destructive testing methods, advanced signal processing for the non-destructive testing of structures (NDT), damage detection and damage imaging, as well as modeling and numerical analyses for supporting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems.
Holography, 3D Imaging and 3D Display
Modern holographic techniques have been successfully applied in many important areas, such as 3-D inspection, 3-D microscopy, metrology, and profilometry, augmented reality, and industrial informatics. This Special Issue covers selected pieces of cutting-edge research works, ranging from low-level acquisition, to high-level analysis, processing, and manipulation of holographic information. The Special Issue also serves as a comprehensive review of existing state-of-the-art techniques in 3-D imaging and 3-D display, as well as broad insights into the future development of these disciplines. The Special Issue contains 25 papers in the field of holography, 3-D imaging, and 3-D display. All the papers underwent substantial peer review under the guidelines of Applied Sciences.
Fatigue and Fracture Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Mechanical Components
The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.
Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
In the last few years, the leading semiconductor industries have introduced multi-gate non-planar transistors into their core business. These are being applied in memories and in logical integrated circuits to achieve better integration on the chip, increased performance, and reduced energy consumption. Intense research is underway to develop these devices further and to address their limitations, in order to continue transistor scaling while further improving performance. This Special Issue looks at recent developments in the field of nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs), covering different aspects of the technology, physics, and modelling of these nanoscale devices.
Demand-Response in Smart Buildings
This book represents the Special Issue of Energies, entitled "Demand-Response in Smart Buildings", that was published in the section "Energy and Buildings". This Special Issue is a collection of original scientific contributions and review papers that deal with smart buildings and communities. Demand response (DR) offers the capability to apply changes in the energy usage of consumers-from their normal consumption patterns-in response to changes in energy pricing over time. This leads to a lower energy demand during peak hours or during periods when an electricity grid's reliability is put at risk. Therefore, demand response is a reduction in demand designed to reduce peak load or avoid system emergencies. Hence, demand response can be more cost-effective than adding generation capabilities to meet the peak and/or occasional demand spikes. The underlying objective of DR is to actively engage customers in modifying their consumption in response to pricing signals. Demand response is expected to increase energy market efficiency and the security of supply, which will ultimately benefit customers by way of options for managing their electricity costs leading to reduced environmental impact.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of Chemical Processes
In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.
High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si: H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag-Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.
Energy-Water Nexus
Water is necessary to produce energy, and energy is required to pump, treat, and transport water. The energy-water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably linked elements. This Special Issue aims to explore a single "system of systems" for the integration of energy systems. This approach considers the relationships between electricity, thermal, and fuel systems; and data and information networks in order to ensure optimal integration and interoperability across the entire spectrum of the energy system. This framework for the integration of energy systems can be adapted to evaluate the interactions between energy and water. This Special Issue focuses on the analysis of water interactions with and dependencies on the dynamics of the electricity sector and the transport sector
Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT)
Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI's deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 繕m. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
Musical Instruments
The study of the acoustic and vibrational characteristics of musical instruments in terms of their mechanical behavior, sound emission, and characteristics started thousands of years ago, and among the physicists and mathematicians that addressed this matter, we should at least recognize Leonardo da Vinci, with his experimental water organ, and Ernst Chladni, who discovered nodal patterns on rigid surfaces such as soundboards. The growing awareness of our intangible cultural heritage and the need to better understand our roots in the field of music have contributed to increasing the efforts to extend our knowledge in this field, defining new physical parameters, extending the analysis to other musical instruments, and developing new methods to synthesize sound from musical instruments using a simple keyboard.
Challenges and Directions Forward for Dealing with the Complexity of Future Smart Cyber-Physical Systems
A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for how to deal with the complexity of future CPS. The contributions include 10 papers on the following topics: (I) Systems and Societal Aspects Related to CPS and Their Complexity; (II) Model-Based Development Methods for CPS; (III) CPS Resource Management and Evolving Computing Platforms; and (IV) Architectures for CPS.
Single Frequency Networks
In digital systems, alternative transmission scenarios with the utilization of distributed transmitters are possible and have been found to be efficient to improve signal coverage. One application of this idea is the Single Frequency Network (SFN), which uses distributed radio transmitters to broadcast the same signal over the same frequency channel. Coverage and reception improvement on shadowed areas are expected. This publication brings theory and results of field measurement carried out in a suburban SFN scenario with two synchronized transmitters.
Influence of Prosopis Juliflora Wood Flour in Poly Lactic Acid - Developing a Novel Bio-Wood Plastic Composite
A Bio composite comprising Prosopis Juliflora Fiber (PJF) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) was processed considering two particulate sized reinforcements, coarse PJF (avg. 15 μm) and fine PJF (10-50 nm). They were added individually at ratios of 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% into PLA matrix. The composites were extruded and tested for mechanical properties. The addition of PJF resulted with an increase in the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the polymer. Adding PJF to PLA showed a decrease in the hardness of the polymer. Water Absorption test showed an increase in water uptake with increasing fiber content. The most optimum ratio of PLA to PJF was found to be 80:20. The fine PJF reinforced composites proved to be superior over the coarse PJF reinforced composites at all stages of the research. FESEM and TGA were used to study morphology and thermal characteristics respectively.
After the Gold Rushes Ended
The history of the California and Alaska gold rushes is well known. Less well known is the nature of the mining industry in the American West, Mexico, and Central America in the following decades. This book follows the lives of Irving Herr and his wife Luella Winship to provide a picture of the world of mining in the early twentieth century. Irving was a mining engineer whose jobs between 1901 and 1912 took him to California, Nevada, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and above all to Mexico, where he was superintendent of the Cubo silver mine near Guanajuato. Luella, a graduate of Mount Holyoke College (1903) and daughter of A. E. Winship, a well-known educational reformer, kept diaries and wrote lengthy letters to her family. Irving, son of the editor of an Oak Park newspaper and graduate of the Harvard Lawrence Scientific School (1901), preserved records of his work and wrote letters to Luella when they were separated. From their lively letters they become appealing personalities facing trying experiences. Beyond their personal story, their account reveals the day-to-day activity of mining, the technical challenges facing an engineer, and the roles of the various other people engaged in the industry. The book begins with their youth, their college years and courtship, depicting two young lives at the turn of the twentieth century. The next eight years after their marriage in 1904 were spent looking for a permanent position for Irving. Their moves took them first to the foreign community in Guanajuato, Mexico and to the Cubo silver mine nearby, where Irving rose to be superintendent. When a change in ownership led to his demotion, his search for a suitable position left them moving repeatedly. Their experiences expose the precariousness of a career as a mining engineer. Men who had capital to invest bought a mine on speculation and hired an engineer to develop it. If the mine proved to be a dud, the engineer was out of a job. Irving was posted to Costa Rica on behalf of William Wallace, president of the Marine Insurance Company of Boston, and to Stent, California, for H. G. Selfridge of the London department store. Central to Irving's moves was H. L. Hollis, a consulting engineer who advised investors and hired engineers to run the mines. In 1910 the Cubo mine was purchased by Bertha Palmer, widow of magnate Potter Palmer, and Hollis chose Irving to direct it. After years of insecurity, Irving and Luella returned to Cubo for much of the next two decades.
Environmental Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions
The current socio-environmental crisis is challenging society to adhere to changes in consumption habits and strive for a new ecological sensibility in which they transmit transformative actions and inspiring experiences that point to new paths to a better future. Therefore, one of the privileged spaces for the transmission of such values are Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as they constitute environments capable of fostering the execution of actions with more sustainable approaches, seeking not only a systemic but also a comprehensive and humanizing education. In this sense, the present work aimed to propose a booklet with guidelines on sustainable actions and practices that can be implemented in HEIs.
Technical Writing A-Z
This second edition has been revised and updated. Not intended to be read from cover to cover, this book was designed instead to be a quick and useful reference for students, young engineers, and experienced professionals alike. It provides guidelines, advice, and technical information for preparing formal documents-covering a range of report formats (e.g. assessment, laboratory and progress reports). This concise, no-nonsense guide provides alphabetically ordered and cross- referenced topics, which make it easy to find answers to questions related to writing a technical report or thesis. Topics include: the format and content of reports and theses; copyright and plagiarism; print and Internet reference citation abbreviations; units and conversion factors; significant figures; mathematical notation and equations; writing styles and conventions; frequently confused words; grammatical errors and punctuation. It also provides commonsense advice on issues such as how to get started and how to keep your reader's attention.
Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Glasses
Metallic glasses are multi-component metallic alloys with disordered atomic distribution unlike their crystalline counterparts with long range periodicity in arrangement of atoms. Metallic glasses of different compositions are being commercially used in bulk form and as coatings because of their excellent corrosion resistance. This book was written with the objective of providing a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of metallic glasses for a wide range of compositions. Corrosion in structural materials leads to rapid deterioration in the performance of critical components and serious economic implications including property damage and loss in human life. Discovery and development of metallic alloys with enhanced corrosion resistance will have a sizable impact in a number of areas including manufacturing, aerospace, oil and gas, nuclear industry, and load-bearing bioimplants. The corrosion resistance of many metallic glass systems is superior compared to conventionally used alloys in different environments. In this book, we discuss in detail the role of chemistry, processing conditions, environment, and surface state on the corrosion behavior of metallic glasses and compare their performance with conventional alloys. Several of these alloy systems consist of all biocompatible and non-allergenic elements making them attractive for bioimplants, stents, and surgical tools. To that end, critical insights are provided on the bio-corrosion response of some metallic glasses in simulated physiological environment.
In-Vitro-Fleisch. Eine Analyse der Auswirkungen von Aufkl瓣rung auf die Kaufentscheidung der Konsumenten
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Lebensmitteltechnologie, Note: 1,7, SRH Hochschule Riedlingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der aktuelle Wissensstand und die Akzeptanz der Konsumenten in Deutschland bez羹glich In-Vitro-Fleisch (IVF) untersucht werden. Zudem soll ermittelt werden, ob die Akzeptanz der Verbraucher durch Aufkl瓣rung positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Die Erkenntnisse k繹nnen Unternehmen dabei helfen, ihre Aufkl瓣rungsarbeit und Marketingstrategie auf die Bed羹rfnisse potenzieller Verbraucher auszurichten, um einen erfolgreichen Markteintritt zu gestalten. Seit Jahrzehnten w瓣chst die globale Nachfrage nach Fleisch. Laut Weltern瓣hrungsorganisation der Vereinigten Staaten (FAO) wird f羹r das Jahr 2020 eine Produktionsmenge von 333 Millionen Tonnen Schlachtgewicht prognostiziert. In Deutschland entspricht dies einem Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch von 59,5 kg pro Jahr 2019. Auch wenn dieser seit 1991 leicht r羹ckl瓣ufig ist, scheint ein vollkommener Verzicht oder eine weltweite drastische Reduzierung des eigenen Fleischkonsums nur wenigen Menschen zu gelingen. Die Fleischproduktion steht zudem speziell aus 繹kologischen und tierethischen Gr羹nden stark in der Kritik. Ebenfalls w羹nschen sich immer mehr Verbraucher Produkte, die nachhaltig produziert werden. Als eine Alternative kann dabei die zellul瓣re Landwirtschaft - auch als In-Vitro-Fleisch (IVF) bekannt - genannt werden. IVF, auch als kultiviertes Fleisch oder umgangssprachlich als Laborfleisch bezeichnet, ist das Ergebnis von tierischen Gewebez羹chtungen mit dem Ziel, Fleisch zum menschlichen Verzehr im industriellen Ma?stab synthetisch herzustellen und damit die weltweiten Ressourcen zu schonen sowie f羹r mehr Tierwohl zu sorgen und die menschliche Gesundheit zu f繹rdern.
Hirn Herz & Haltung
In diesem Buch zur Gebrauchshundeausbildung geht es um eine systematische Vorgehensweise. Dabei spielt die Vorbereitung mit Wissen DIE Schl羹sselrolle. Die gr繹?ten Potenziale liegen beim Hundef羹hrer und in einer Trainingsorganisation. Es gibt eine klare Positionierung zum erweiterten Umfeld und zur Gestaltung einer verantwortungsvollen Gebrauchshundeausbildung. Dabei sind die Kompetenzen des Hundef羹hrers in seinem Trainings-Team ergebnisbestimmend. Gebrauchshundeausbildung nach Pr羹fungsordnung (PO) bleibt in der Praxis deutlich hinter den M繹glichkeiten zur羹ck. Deshalb gibt es diese "Ausbildungslandkarte". So k繹nnen individuelle Wege zum Ziel gefunden werden. Das macht bessere Ausbildungsergebnisse m繹glich. Dabei ist der Zusammenhang im Ausbildungsgeflecht der Zahlmeister f羹r die Erfolgs-dukaten. Der Autor wird daf羹r qualifiziert durch seine nachhaltigen Erfolge bei der Gebrauchs-hundeausbildung und als beratender Ingenieur zur Knowhow-Vermittlung f羹r effizientere Qualit瓣tsleistungen in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU). In beiden F瓣llen liegt das gr繹?te Potenzial bei den Menschen im Geschehen und in der Organisation der Arbeitsabl瓣ufe. Es braucht keine 1001 Methoden, sondern nur eine Systematik, mit der man sich methodisch flexibel in der jeweiligen Situation auf die Umsetzung einstellen kann. Und diese liegt hiermit erstmalig vor. Die Methoden wachsen aus einer Systematik und nicht umgekehrt. So wie die Bl瓣tter aus Zweigen und ?sten. Erst die richtige Systematik macht eine passende Methodenauswahl f羹r den individuellen Fall m繹glich. Mit seiner einzigartigen Mischung aus genauen Grundlagenkenntnissen und erfolgreicher Anwendung in Beruf und Sport legt er jetzt mit seinen soliden und anerkannten Erfahrungen den ganzen Weg mit Verbesserungsschleife zu neuen Zust瓣nden in den Entwicklungsprozessen des Hundesportes vor. Diese Vorgehensweise weist einen Weg zu einer NEUEN QUALIT?T IN DER GEBRAUCHSHUNDEAUSBILLDUNG, zur EXTRA-Klasse.
Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Implants and Devices
This special issue provides a current snapshot of recent advances and ongoing challenges in the development of titanium alloys for biomedical implants and devices. Titanium offers significant advantages over other materials including higher strength and better biocompatibility. This issue highlights current trends and recent developments, including the uptake of additive manufacturing (3D printing), and approaches to improve processing and performance of titanium alloys for medical applications.
Per una storia della Meccanica Applicata alle Macchine
... perch矇, per aprire con una frase di Goethe, non si possiede nulla se non ci簷 che si comprende; l'evoluzione e l'introduzione della "Meccanica applicata alle macchine" nell'ordinamento scolastico, in Italia ed in Europa. Con questo volume ci interessiamo dei combustibili liquidi, gassosi e solidi considerando la normativa europea che incide sulla qualit? dei combustibili e sull'emissione di inquinanti nocivi nell'aria, ci siamo anche interessati del quadro legislativo fino all'anno 2017 per l'omologazione dei veicoli ...
Green Technologies
Green technologies can be identified as key components in Industry 4.0. The scope of this book is to address how conventional green technologies can be a part of smart industries by minimizing waste, maximizing productivity, optimizing the supply chain, or by additive manufacturing. This theme focuses on the scope and challenges of integrating current environmental technologies in future industries. This book, "Green Technologies: Bridging Conventional Practices and Industry 4.0", aims to incorporate and introduce the advances in green technologies to the cyber-based industries. It is hoped that the novel green technologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps
Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
Basics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Hey, we all must have noticed a drone flying at an event or maybe some other application. ●Have you ever thought about how a Drone flies? ● What are all the types and sizes of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles?●What are all the parts and applications of a Drone?Are you interested in getting knowledge of the above questions and more related to them? Get Ready!After reading this book, the next time you see a Drone you will see it from a whole different perspective.
Hirn Herz & Haltung
In diesem Buch zur Gebrauchshundeausbildung geht es um eine systematische Vorgehensweise. Dabei spielt die Vorbereitung mit Wissen DIE Schl羹sselrolle. Die gr繹?ten Potenziale liegen beim Hundef羹hrer und in einer Trainingsorganisation. Es gibt eine klare Positionierung zum erweiterten Umfeld und zur Gestaltung einer verantwortungsvollen Gebrauchshundeausbildung. Dabei sind die Kompetenzen des Hundef羹hrers in seinem Trainings-Team ergebnisbestimmend. Gebrauchshundeausbildung nach Pr羹fungsordnung (PO) bleibt in der Praxis deutlich hinter den M繹glichkeiten zur羹ck. Deshalb gibt es diese "Ausbildungslandkarte". So k繹nnen individuelle Wege zum Ziel gefunden werden. Das macht bessere Ausbildungsergebnisse m繹glich. Dabei ist der Zusammenhang im Ausbildungsgeflecht der Zahlmeister f羹r die Erfolgs-dukaten. Der Autor wird daf羹r qualifiziert durch seine nachhaltigen Erfolge bei der Gebrauchs-hundeausbildung und als beratender Ingenieur zur Knowhow-Vermittlung f羹r effizientere Qualit瓣tsleistungen in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU). In beiden F瓣llen liegt das gr繹?te Potenzial bei den Menschen im Geschehen und in der Organisation der Arbeitsabl瓣ufe. Es braucht keine 1001 Methoden, sondern nur eine Systematik, mit der man sich methodisch flexibel in der jeweiligen Situation auf die Umsetzung einstellen kann. Und diese liegt hiermit erstmalig vor. Die Methoden wachsen aus einer Systematik und nicht umgekehrt. So wie die Bl瓣tter aus Zweigen und ?sten. Erst die richtige Systematik macht eine passende Methodenauswahl f羹r den individuellen Fall m繹glich. Mit seiner einzigartigen Mischung aus genauen Grundlagenkenntnissen und erfolgreicher Anwendung in Beruf und Sport legt er jetzt mit seinen soliden und anerkannten Erfahrungen den ganzen Weg mit Verbesserungsschleife zu neuen Zust瓣nden in den Entwicklungsprozessen des Hundesportes vor. Diese Vorgehensweise weist einen Weg zu einer NEUEN QUALIT?T IN DER GEBRAUCHSHUNDEAUSBILLDUNG, zur EXTRA-Klasse.
The ABC of E-Business
The Comprehensive practical book on Electronic Business, including Electronic Commerce is a good companion of CEOs, Managers, IT Professionals, Supervisors and other Computer Users. This books is packed with a lot of practical examples of the subject matter which everyone will enjoy reading it. The book is easy to follow which I believe beginners of the use of computers and its services will enjoy reading it. Once you start implementing the processes in the book, your organization is certain to be profitable.
Konstruktion einer Kosmetikmaschine. Planen, Entwerfen und Konzipieren
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Technik, Note: 1.0, AKAD University, ehem. AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Anwendung der erlernten Grundlagen des Produktentwicklungsprozesses nach VDI Richtlinie 2221 sowie die Anwendung der Konstruktionsmethoden und -Techniken zur L繹sungsfindung, L繹sungsbeurteilung und L繹sungsauswahl aufzuzeigen. Nach kurzer Einleitung wird im Kapitel Planen eine Marktrecherche und Patentrecherche durchgef羹hrt. Aus den gesammelten Informationen wird eine vorl瓣ufige Anforderungsliste erstellt. Im Kapitel Konzipieren wird das Produkt in einzelne Teilfunktionen zerlegt und daraus eine Funktionsbaum und Funktionsstruktur erstellt. Die L繹sungen f羹r jede Funktion werden gesucht und ausgewertet. Dabei wird die Anforderungsliste mit neuen Erkenntnissen vervollst瓣ndigt. Im Kapitel Entwerfen wird das ausgew瓣hlte L繹sungskonzept weiter ausgearbeitet und die Bauunterlagen erstellt.
Chronobiologie und essen im Takt der ”Inneren Uhr”. Ein sinnvoller Ansatz zur Gewichtsreduktion bei der Erwerbsbev繹lkerung?
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Biologie - Krankheiten, Gesundheit, Ern瓣hrung, Note: 1,9, Deutsche Hochschule f羹r Pr瓣vention und Gesundheitsmanagement GmbH, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, darzustellen, inwiefern die Chronobiologie Einfluss auf die Gewichtsreduktion haben kann. Hierbei werden aktuelle Studien betrachtet und die Relevanz des Essensrhythmus im Hinblick auf die Gewichtsreduktion gepr羹ft. Am Ende steht die Beantwortung der Frage, ob die Chronobiologie ein sinnvoller Ansatz f羹r Gewichtsreduktionsprogramme sein kann. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird der theoretische Hintergrund der Chronobiologie, das zirkadiane System, erarbeitet, um ein Grundverst瓣ndnis f羹r die Thematik zu herzustellen. Im weiteren Verlauf wird auf Ern瓣hrungs- und Lebensstilfaktoren eingegangen, um die Entstehung von Adipositas und Interventionsans瓣tze veranschaulichen zu k繹nnen. Ab-schlie?end wird ein ?berblick 羹ber die derzeitige Studienlage zur zirkadianen Ern瓣hrung als m繹gliches Di瓣tverfahren gegeben und daraufhin res羹mierend die Hypothese beantwortet.
Clasificaci籀n de microorganismos en muestras de agua
El presente trabajo pretende la identificaci籀n de microorganismos en muestras de aguas de diferentes ambientes, como ser穩a la potable y no, empleando variadas t矇cnicas de procesamiento y clasificaci籀n de im獺genes. Para ello se emplear獺 una base de datos de im獺genes microsc籀picas, identificando los tipos de microorganismo presentes en el agua contaminada. La clasificaci籀n de microorganismos se realiza a trav矇s de t矇cnicas de procesamiento de imagen, basada en informaci籀n obtenida por el dispositivo electr籀nico. Igualmente, Conocer la mayor poblaci籀n de microorganismos presentes en el agua y como 矇stos ser穩an perjudiciales para el consumo humano.
What Makes Humans Truly Exceptional
This is a true storybook adventure about us-you and me-along with countless other truly exceptional Homo sapiens who made our lives possible: So it's about people who invented languages, cultures and cooperative societies; who sought spiritual and scientific understanding of the world and Universe; who created marvelous arts, architectures, tools and machines inconceivable to previous generations; and who continue to surprise us with future transformative discoveries and inventions that remain unimaginable today. The story-our story-begins a very long time ago, 13.7 billion years ago, about 5.3 billion before our planet was born 4.5 billion years ago. It then took about another 4 billion years for Earth to become teeming with simple, single-celled organisms that eventually evolved into you and me. Within only the last ten thousand years some of those Homo sapiens ancestors of ours invented agriculture, battled and domesticated larger animals for food and clothing, competitively warred against each other and Neanderthal hunter-gatherers, established settlements, cities and empires, built great pyramids and cathedrals, formulated complex cultures and laws, developed advanced scientific methods and philosophies, and composed inspirational literature, music and sonnets. Some inventive and adventuresome Sapiens contemplated the architecture and workings of a celestial Universe and applied that knowledge to guide voyages of discovery, trade, conquest and migration to extend domains and dominions. Others-within little more than the last century-have harnessed the power of lightning and atoms, have mastered flight, have traveled many times faster than the speed of sound, have transmitted information from everywhere to everywhere else via orbital satellites, have walked on the Moon, and have conceived artificial brains that can already outsmart their human creators. After all, if humans can invent machines which are increasingly smarter than we are, where does this lead? Are we in a sense "playing God" in a way that will render human reasoning obsolete? Future human historians-should any survive-will determine whether our truly exceptional creativity led us to outsmart ourselves.
Design for Maintainability
How to design for optimum maintenance capabilities and minimize the repair time Design for Maintainability offers engineers a wide range of tools and techniques for incorporating maintainability into the design process for complex systems. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book explains how to design for optimum maintenance capabilities while simultaneously minimizing the time to repair equipment. The book contains a wealth of examples and the most up-to-date maintainability design practices that have proven to result in better system readiness, shorter downtimes, and substantial cost savings over the entire system life cycle, thereby, decreasing the Total Cost of Ownership. Design for Maintainability offers a wealth of design practices not covered in typical engineering books, thus allowing readers to think outside the box when developing maintainability design requirements. The book�s principles and practices can help engineers to dramatically improve their ability to compete in global markets and gain widespread customer satisfaction. This important book: Offers a complete overview of maintainability engineering as a system engineering discipline Includes contributions from authors who are recognized leaders in the field Contains real-life design examples, both good and bad, from various industries Presents realistic illustrations of good maintainability design principles Provides discussion of the interrelationships between maintainability with other related disciplines Explores trending topics in technologies Written for design and logistics engineers and managers, Design for Maintainability is a comprehensive resource containing the most reliable and innovative techniques for improving maintainability when designing a system or product.
Nutzung Der Digitalisierung Zur Produktivit瓣tsverbesserung in Industriellen Prozessen Unter Ber羹cksichtigung Arbeitswissenschaftlicher Anforderungen
Im Rahmen der Digitalisierung/Industrie 4.0 wird mit Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen ein digitales Abbild realer Industrieprozesse geschaffen als Grundlage vielseitiger Ans瓣tze zur Verbesserung der betrieblichen Prozesse und deren Produktivit瓣t. In diesem Buch wird auf die Erwartungshaltungen an die Digitalisierung/Industrie 4.0 aus arbeitswissenschaftlicher, volks- und betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive eingegangen und die hohe Bedeutung dieser technologischen Entwicklung in Forschung und Praxis beleuchtet. Erg瓣nzend wird auf ausgew瓣hlte Praxisbeispiele Bezug genommen. Um die betriebliche Umsetzung von Digitalisierung/Industrie 4.0 zu erleichtern, wird ein Klassifikationsschema entwickelt, welches erg瓣nzt wird durch einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz in Form eines Vorgehensmodells. Letzteres betrachtet Digitalisierung/Industrie 4.0 aus einer arbeitswissenschaftlichen Perspektive und basiert auf dem Lean Management. Die Anwendung wird anhand einer Fallstudie beschrieben.
Evaluation of the Toxicological Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia Boonei Stem Bark
Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Biology - Diseases, Health, Nutrition, Obafemi Awolowo University, language: English, abstract: This study investigated the toxicological effects of ethanolic extract from alstonia boonei stem bark, based on the dosage and duration of administration to albino mice. We evaluated for the phytochemistry of the stem bark and the clinical biochemical parameters of blood plasma of albino mice. After administering the aqueous extract to the albino mice, the biochemical parameters in their blood plasma were determined using commercially available kits. The determination of the phytochemical constituent of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. After the first week of administration, no significant variation in most of the biomarkers was recorded. However, after second week of treatment, urea and alanine aminotransferase levels fell significantly. Consequently, the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase was found to be much greater than 2, which was attributed to alcoholic toxicity from the ethanolic extract consumption.
The History and Future of Technology
Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Fire and water: technologies extending nature.- Chapter 3. Extensions of the body.- Chapter 4. Words and music.- Chapter 5. Printing, movable type and books.- Chapter 6. The Enlightenment: the rise of science.- Chapter 7. The first stage of industrialization: coking and canals (1712- 1820).- Chapter 8. Machine tools and mechanization.- Chapter 9. The triumph of steam and steel (1820-1876).- Chapter 10. Petroleum and petrochemicals.- Chapter 11. Anesthesia, surgery, and modern medicine.- Chapter 12. Mobility: From rails to roads to space travel.- Chapter 13. Electricity and electrification of factories and homes.- Chapter 14. Communications: From carrier pigeons to telephones and radio (1876-1976).- Chapter 15. The history of artifiicial light.- Chapter 16. Electronic broadcast media: radio and TV.- Chapter 17. Photography and movies.- Chapter 18. The transistor transition: 1945-1969.- Chapter 19. Machine computation and digitization.- Chapter 20. The Internet and the Worldwide Web.- Chapter 21. The Eco-footprint of material wealth: pollution, climate change and epidemics.- Chapter 22. Nuclear power.- Chapter 23. Solar Power and renewables.- Chapter 24. Scarce elements and scarce metals.- Chapter 25. Food and agriculture.- Chapter 26. Biotechnology and Human Health.- Chapter 27. Can technology save Homo Sapiens from Extinction? Utopia 2120.
