Deutsches Bergw繹rterbuch
Reprint of the original, first published in 1871.
Antennes intelligentes
Ce livre destin矇 aux 矇tudiants des Ecoles d'Ing矇nieurs et aux Facult矇s de Sciences ainsi qu'aux professionnels des t矇l矇communications, offre des algorithmes de programmation d矇taill矇s accompagn矇s des codes sources en MATLAB. Le premier chapitre d矇crit les propri矇t矇s de rayonnement des antennes. Le chapitre 2 porte sur la d矇termination des caract矇ristiques de rayonnement des antennes ? r矇seaux d'矇l矇ments lin矇aire, planaire, circulaire et planaire hybride. Le chapitre 3 d矇crit et compare les algorithmes analytiques de d矇termination des performances des antennes intelligentes. Les chapitres 4, 5 et 6 d矇crivent l'am矇lioration des temps de traitement num矇rique par quatre approches heuristiques et metaheuristiques.
Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.
Historical Acoustics
This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue "Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time". The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the "acoustics of the past", which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline.
Batteries and Supercapacitors Aging
Electrochemical energy storage is a key element of systems in a wide range of sectors, such as electro-mobility, portable devices, and renewable energy. The energy storage systems (ESSs) considered here are batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid components such as lithium-ion capacitors. The durability of ESSs determines the total cost of ownership, the global impacts (lifecycle) on a large portion of these applications and, thus, their viability. Understanding ESS aging is a key to optimizing their design and usability in terms of their intended applications. Knowledge of ESS aging is also essential to improve their dependability (reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety). This Special Issue includes 12 research papers and 1 review article focusing on battery, supercapacitor, and hybrid capacitor aging.
Emerging Memory and Computing Devices in the Era of Intelligent Machines
Computing systems are undergoing a transformation from logic-centric towards memory-centric architectures, where overall performance and energy efficiency at the system level are determined by the density, performance, functionality and efficiency of the memory, rather than the logic sub-system. This is driven by the requirements of data-intensive applications in artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and edge computing. We are at an exciting time in the semiconductor industry where several innovative device and technology concepts are being developed to respond to these demands, and capture shares of the fast growing market for AI-related hardware. This special issue is devoted to highlighting, discussing and presenting the latest advancements in this area, drawing on the best work on emerging memory devices including magnetic, resistive, phase change, and other types of memory. The special issue is interested in work that presents concepts, ideas, and recent progress ranging from materials, to memory devices, physics of switching mechanisms, circuits, and system applications, as well as progress in modeling and design tools. Contributions that bridge across several of these layers are especially encouraged.
Cer璽micas arqueol籀gicas e Arqueometria
Este 矇 um estudo interdisciplinar cujo interesse est獺 centrado nas caracteriza癟繭es qu穩micas, mineral籀gicas e f穩sicas de 84 fragmentos cer璽micos do S穩tio Monte Castelo, visando obter informa癟繭es que permitam conhecer a ocupa癟瓊o humana para o alto rio Guapor矇. Para isso, utilizaram-se quatro t矇cnicas anal穩ticas: a an獺lise por ativa癟瓊o com n礙utrons (AAN) para caracteriza癟瓊o qu穩mica, a difra癟瓊o de raios X (DRX) para caracteriza癟瓊o da estrutura mineral籀gica, a resson璽ncia paramagn矇tica eletr繫nica (RPE) para determina癟瓊o da temperatura de queima e a data癟瓊o por termoluminesc礙ncia (TL). Os estudos realizados por AAN foram interpretados por m矇todos estat穩sticos multivariados, que possibilitaram a defini癟瓊o de tr礙s grupos, para os quais observaram varia癟繭es nas data癟繭es por TL, mostrando que o sambaqui foi ocupado pela cultura de fase cer璽mica Bacabal a cerca de 3000 A.P. at矇 1500 A.P. A caracteriza癟瓊o mineral籀gica constatou que os minerais caulinita, ilita e smectita s瓊o esperados nos sedimentos da regi瓊o, al矇m de complementar a an獺lise de RPE, indicando que as cer璽micas foram queimadas utilizando-se fogueiras a c矇u aberto ou buracos no ch瓊o onde a temperatura n瓊o excedeu 600 簣 50 簞C.
Sentiment Analysis for Social Media
Sentiment analysis is a branch of natural language processing concerned with the study of the intensity of the emotions expressed in a piece of text. The automated analysis of the multitude of messages delivered through social media is one of the hottest research fields, both in academy and in industry, due to its extremely high potential applicability in many different domains. This Special Issue describes both technological contributions to the field, mostly based on deep learning techniques, and specific applications in areas like health insurance, gender classification, recommender systems, and cyber aggression detection.
Appletons’ cyclopaedia of applied mechanics
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Additive Manufacturing Volume 2
Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers and scientists, because of its ability to produce materials with a complex shape without theoretical restrictions and with added functionalities. There are several advantages to employing additive manufacturing as the primary additive manufacturing process. However, there exist several challenges that need to be addressed systematically. A couple such issues are alloy design and process development. Traditionally alloys designed for conventional cast/powder metallurgical processes were fabricated using advanced AM processes. This is the wrong approach considering that the alloys should be coined based on the process characteristics and meta-stable nature of the process. Hence, we must focus on alloy design and development for AM that suits the AM processes. The AM processes, however, improve almost every day, either in terms of processing capabilities or processing conditions. Hence, the processing part warrants a section that is devoted to these advancements and innovations. Accordingly, the present Special Issue (book) focuses on two aspects of alloy development and process innovations. Here, 45 articles are presented covering different AM processes including selective laser melting, electron beam melting, laser cladding, direct metal laser sintering, ultrasonic consolidation, wire arc additive manufacturing, and hybrid manufacturing. I believe that this Special Issue bears is vital to the field of AM and will be a valuable addition.
Power Electronics and Power Quality
Power quality (PQ) is receiving more and more attention from consumers, distribution system operators, transmission system operators, and other entities related to electrical power systems. As PQ problems have direct implications for business productivity, causing high economic losses, the research and development monitoring technologies and power electronics solutions that ensure the PQ of the power systems are matters of utmost importance. This book is a collection of high quality papers published in the "Power Electronics and Power Quality" Special Issue of the journal Energies. It reflects on the latest investigations and the new trends in this field.
Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers and scientists, because of its ability to produce materials with a complex shape without theoretical restrictions and with added functionalities. There are several advantages to employing additive manufacturing as the primary additive manufacturing process. However, there exist several challenges that need to be addressed systematically. A couple such issues are alloy design and process development. Traditionally alloys designed for conventional cast/powder metallurgical processes were fabricated using advanced AM processes. This is the wrong approach considering that the alloys should be coined based on the process characteristics and meta-stable nature of the process. Hence, we must focus on alloy design and development for AM that suits the AM processes. The AM processes, however, improve almost every day, either in terms of processing capabilities or processing conditions. Hence, the processing part warrants a section that is devoted to these advancements and innovations. Accordingly, the present Special Issue (book) focuses on two aspects of alloy development and process innovations. Here, 45 articles are presented covering different AM processes including selective laser melting, electron beam melting, laser cladding, direct metal laser sintering, ultrasonic consolidation, wire arc additive manufacturing, and hybrid manufacturing. I believe that this Special Issue bears is vital to the field of AM and will be a valuable addition.
Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geotherm
Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)--especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments--are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.
High Voltage Engineering and Applications
This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Nanocomposite Materials
This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
Optimization for Control, Observation and Safety
Mathematical optimization is the selection of the best element in a set with respect to a given criterion. Optimization has become one of the most used tools in control theory to compute control laws, adjust parameters (tuning), estimate states, fit model parameters, find conditions in order to fulfill a given closed-loop property, among others. Optimization also plays an important role in the design of fault detection and isolation systems to prevent safety hazards and production losses that require the detection and identification of faults, as early as possible to minimize their impacts by implementing real-time fault detection and fault-tolerant systems. Recently, it has been proven that many optimization problems with convex objective functions and linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints can be solved easily and efficiently using existing software, which increases the flexibility and applicability of the control algorithms. Therefore, real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions and constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation, which represents a challenge in the application of the optimization algorithms. This book offers an overview of the state-of-the-art of the most advanced optimization techniques and their applications in control engineering.
Application of Optimization in Production, Logistics, Inventory, Supply Chain Management a
The evolution of industrial development since the 18th century is now experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. The effect of the development has propagated into almost every sector of the industry. From inventory to the circular economy, the effectiveness of technology has been fruitful for industry. The recent trends in research, with new ideas and methodologies, are included in this book. Several new ideas and business strategies are developed in the area of the supply chain management, logistics, optimization, and forecasting for the improvement of the economy of the society and the environment. The proposed technologies and ideas are either novel or help modify several other new ideas. Different real life problems with different dimensions are discussed in the book so that readers may connect with the recent issues in society and industry. The collection of the articles provides a glimpse into the new research trends in technology, business, and the environment.
Deutsches Bergw繹rterbuch
Reprint of the original, first published in 1871.
Progress in Combustion Diagnostics, Science and Technology
The role that combustion plays in the world's energy systems will continue to evolve with the changes in technological demands. For example, the challenges that we face today are more focused on the conservation of energy and addressing environmental concerns, which together necessitate cleaner and more efficient combustion processes using a range of fuel sources. This book includes contributions to highlight the recent progress in theory and experiments, development, and demonstration of technologies and systems involving combustion processes, for the production, storage, use, and conservation of energy.
Renewable Energy in Marine Environment
The effects of human-caused global warming are obvious, requiring new strategies and approaches. The concept of business-as-usual is now no longer beneficial. Extraction of renewable energy in marine environments represents a viable solution and an important path for the future. These huge renewable energy resources in seas and oceans can be harvested, including wind, tide, and waves. Despite the initial difficulties related mostly to the elevated operational risks in the harsh marine environment, newly developed technologies are economically effective or promising. Simultaneously, many challenges remain to be faced. These are the main issues targeted by the present book, which is associated with the Special Issue of Energies Journal entitled "Renewable Energy in Marine Environment". Papers on innovative technical developments, reviews, case studies, and analytics, as well as assessments, and papers from different disciplines that are relevant to the topic are included. From this perspective, we hope that the results presented are of interest to for scientists and those in related fields such as energy and marine environments, as well as for a wider audience.
Der sommerliche W瓣rmeschutz. Ein Beitrag zur Anwendbarkeit von Sonnenschutzvorrichtungen
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften - Bauingenieurwesen, Note: 1,0, Universit瓣t Siegen (Arbeitsgruppe Baukonstruktion, Ingenieurholzbau und Bauphysik), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit soll den interessierten Anwendenden Einblicke in das Themenfeld des Sonnenschutzes im Hinblick auf den sommerlichen W瓣rmeschutz liefern. Des Weiteren soll diese Arbeit eine Hilfestellung f羹r die Auswahl einer passenden Sonnenschutzvorrichtung darstellen. Diese Bachelorarbeit stellt den Anwendenden ein breites Wissensspektrum 羹ber die entsprechenden Regelwerke und physikalische Grundlagen, sowie einen ?berblick 羹ber die Einwirkung der Sonnenstrahlung auf Geb瓣ude zur Verf羹gung. Es werden die Anforderungen an Sonnenschutzsysteme und ihre Systemvielfalt mit Wirkung, Regelbarkeit und Grenzen der Anwendungen thematisiert. Im weiteren Zuge dieser Arbeit wird mittels der Parametrisierung ein einfaches Mittel zur Auswahl eines Sonnenschutzsystems hinsichtlich seiner Anbringung und Lichtdurchl瓣ssigkeit geschaffen, welche sich mittels Kenntnissen des Geb瓣udestandortes, seiner Nutzung und der Orientierung des betrachteten kritischen Raumes oder Raumbereiches, sowie dessen Bauart anwenden l瓣sst. Die Parametrisierung geht auf die unterschiedlichen Systeme, der au?enliegenden, innenliegenden und zwischen den Scheiben liegenden Sonnenschutzsysteme ein. Die nachfolgende Katalogisierung der Sonnenschutzsysteme geht ebenfalls auf Sonnenschutzverglasungen ein und ist nach den Anbringungsvarianten der Sonnenschutzsysteme geordnet. Sie liefert Vorteile, sowie Grenzen der Anwendung. ?ber die Spalte der Transmission l瓣sst sich das passende System hinsichtlich der vorangegangenen Parametrisierung bestimmen. Zur Entwicklung des Katalogs wurde ein definierter Pr羹fraum verwendet, dessen geometriebasierten Ergebnisse der Parametrisierung durchaus auf andere Geometrien 羹bertragbar ist.
Human-Swarm Interactions. Learning of Swarm Dynamics using Gaussian Processes
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Engineering - Robotics, grade: 1,0, University of Stuttgart (Institut f羹r Systemdynamik), language: English, abstract: Inspired by the natural flocking behavior of animals, scientists try to achieve similar advantages by using swarm robots to fulfill more complex tasks in an easier and more cost-efficient way. In order to understand the behavior of such a dynamic system and make predictions for future states, a sufficiently accurate model is necessary. However, the dynamics of the system such as the communication structure of the semi-autonomous multi-agent system in this thesis are sometimes unknown to the human. Thus, machine learning methods such as Gaussian Process Regression are applied in order to learn the system model. The influence of the collected training data on the accuracy of the learned model is analyzed for a linear and a nonlinear case of the system. Afterwards, the model is used to predict the future average positions in order to support the human operator to control the agents to a desired destination. In the setup regarded in this work, the human can control the velocity of a subset of robots, while all agents are supposed to move gathered by exchanging information such as their position within the neighbors. Finally, the system behavior is learned through training data collected in an experiment and analyzed in a simulation.
Vegetable Oil as Biofuel. Chemical Characteristics and Transesterification Procedure
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: 5.00, Covenant University, language: English, abstract: This essay tries to examines how and under which circumstances vegetabel oil can be transformed to and used as biofuel. Reacting oils or fats in an esterification process basically contain monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, lipids and free fatty acids. Triglyceride (TAGs) nevertheless has a good prospect as an alternative fuel. Triglyceride has a benefit as been renewable and biodegradable with higher cetane number. Biodiesel is the product from a variety of reacting feedstocks. Feedstocks used will vary from vegetable oils (soybean, cottonseed, palm, peanut, rapeseed/canola, sunflower), animal fats (tallow, chicken fat, fish oils) to waste cooking oil and grease. A transesterification reaction involving oil or fat with alcohol will lead to biodiesel which is a mixture of fatty esters. Each ester component contributes to the properties of the fuel. Esters containing higher alcohol content with fatty acids can also be used as biolubricants. This fuel is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low emission profiles than petroleum diesel. Biodiesel can mix with petro-diesel in all distinction and can be used as such with petroleum diesel for direct appliance in diesel engines. Thus, it is very essential and critical to have the data of fatty acid profile of oil and fat used. This should also include their chemical properties. It is concluded that seeds can be grown for biodiesel production purposes, because theyprovided the highest yields among the varieties tested.
An Introduction to Measurement Systems and Instrumentation
Measurement is perhaps one of the most fundamental concepts in science. Without the ability to measure, it would be difficult for scientists to conduct experiments or form theories. Not only is measurement important in science and the chemical industry, it is also essential in farming, engineering, construction, manufacturing, commerce, and numerous other occupations and activities.Scientists use many skills as they investigate the world around them. They make observations by gathering information with their senses. Some observations are simple. For example, a simple observation would be figuring out the color or texture of an object. However, if scientists want to know more about a substance, they may need to take measurements.The measurement of a given quantity is essentially an act or the result of comparison between the quantity (whose magnitude is unknown) & a predefined Standard. Since two quantities are compared, the result is expressed in numerical values.Without measurements one cannot understand anything.Measurements are not only things done by Humans but also performed at any molecular, atomic, electronic, gravitational interaction.
Communications in Microgrids
This book presents some latest treatments of several specific, but fundamental problems about the data communication and control of smart microgrids. It provides readers some valuable insights into advanced control and communication of microgrids. With the help of mathematical tools, graduate students will benefit with a deep understanding of microgrids and explore some new research directions. In the meantime, this book gives various pictures and flowcharts to show how to address some challenges in microgrids. In addition, it provides solutions to serval specific technical problems, which might be helpful as references for the R&D staff about power systems in utilities and industry. Specifically, the book introduces the applications of advanced control methods such as sliding mode control and model predictive control for microgrids. After getting in-depth understanding of these advanced control methods, the readers are able to design their own improved controllers for not only microgrids, but also for other real-world power plants. Besides, the readers will also learn how to design distributed transaction mechanisms for power market based on the cutting edge blockchain technology.
Marine Tidal and Wave Energy Converters
The worldwide potential of electric power generation from marine tidal currents, waves, or offshore winds is enormous. The high load factor resulting from the fluid properties and the predictable resource characteristics make tidal and wave energy resources attractive and advantageous for power generation and advantageous when compared to other renewable energies. The technologies are just beginning to reach technical and economic viability to make them potential commercial power sources in the near future. While only a few small projects currently exist, the technology is advancing rapidly and has huge potential for generating bulk power. Moreover, international treaties related to climate control and dwindling fossil fuel resources have encouraged us to harness energy sustainably from such marine renewable sources. Several demonstrative projects have been scheduled to capture tidal and wave energies. A number of these projects have now reached a relatively mature stage and are close to completion. However, very little is known to the academic world about these technologies beyond the basics of their energy conversion principles. While research emphasis is more towards hydrodynamics and turbine design, very limited activities are witnessed in power conversion interface, control, and power quality aspects. Regarding this emerging and promising area of research, this book aims to present recent results, serving to promote successful marine renewable energies integration to the grid or to standalone microgrids.
Optical Communications and NetworkingProspects in Industrial Applications
In the past few decades, the optical communication industry has explored multiple degrees of freedom of the photon, such as time, wavelength, amplitude, phase, polarization, and space, to significantly reduce the cost/bit of data transmission by increasing the capacity per fiber through multiplexing technology and by reducing the size and power through electronic and photonic integration. This book aims to explore the latest advancements in this industry, including the technologies in devices, systems, and network levels with applications from short-reach chip-to-chip interconnections to long-haul backbone communications at the trans-oceanic distance.
Ensemble Forecasting Applied to Power Systems
Modern power systems are affected by many sources of uncertainty, driven by the spread of renewable generation, by the development of liberalized energy market systems and by the intrinsic random behavior of the final energy customers. Forecasting is, therefore, a crucial task in planning and managing modern power systems at any level: from transmission to distribution networks, and in also the new context of smart grids. Recent trends suggest the suitability of ensemble approaches in order to increase the versatility and robustness of forecasting systems. Stacking, boosting, and bagging techniques have recently started to attract the interest of power system practitioners. This book addresses the development of new, advanced, ensemble forecasting methods applied to power systems, collecting recent contributions to the development of accurate forecasts of energy-related variables by some of the most qualified experts in energy forecasting. Typical areas of research (renewable energy forecasting, load forecasting, energy price forecasting) are investigated, with relevant applications to the use of forecasts in energy management systems.
Adecuaci籀n tecnol籀gica de un drone para control de vuelo aut籀nomo
Este trabajo plantea en su totalidad los objetivos espec穩ficos en el orden presentado, mostrando en primera instancia la informaci籀n necesaria para la compresi籀n de los elementos constituyentes de un cuadricoptero no tripulado, en particular, los cuadric籀pteros, realizando una detallada explicaci籀n del funcionamiento mec獺nico, electr籀nico y de control de estos componentes. Posteriormente se plantea un modelo matem獺tico de la aeronave por medio de matrices de Langrage-Euler para determinar su estabilidad y vuelo controlado, teniendo en cuenta variables muy importantes como su peso, masa y dimensi籀n. A continuaci籀n se establece un modelo cinem獺tico que permite definir, con respecto a un marco de referencia inercial, la posici籀n, orientaci籀n y velocidad del cuadricoptero, haciendo uso del m矇todo de 獺ngulos de Euler para ello. M獺s delante, se definen dos modelos din獺micos para describir el sistema del cuadric籀ptero por medio de lametodolog穩a Lagrange-Euler, diferenci獺ndose por el tensor de inercias que define ladistribuci籀n de masa de la aeronave y detallando la importancia de sus distintos par獺metroscinem獺ticos y cin矇ticos, junto con m矇todos para determinarlos.
Datenimport, Massenermittlung und Teilkalkulation aus einem 3D-Modell in ArchiCAD mithilfe
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften - Bauingenieurwesen, Note: 1,7, Fachhochschule Regensburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Massenermittlung und eine anschlie?ende Kalkulation eines Geb瓣udemodells in ArchiCAD mithilfe des AVA-Programms RIB iTWO. Das Modell wurde vom B羹ro 'K繹hler Architekten + Beratende Ingenieure GmbH' modelliert und f羹r diese Arbeit zur Verf羹gung gestellt. Der L繹sungsansatz besteht dabei aus einem Datenimport und der Datenverarbeitung von ArchiCAD in iTWO und aus einer auf einem 3D-Modell basierenden Kalkulation. Diese Arbeitsweise orientiert sich am BIM Prozess, zeigt inwieweit eine Interoperabilit瓣t der zwei oben genannten Programme m繹glich ist und welche Problematik damit einhergeht. Zu Beginn werden einige allgemeine Informationen 羹ber das BIM aufgelistet. Dabei wird unter anderem der Begriff 'BIM' erkl瓣rt und erl瓣utert welche Datenformate bei dieser Methode verwendet werden. Im Anschluss daran wird aufgezeigt, wie die Daten in ArchiCAD aufbereitet werden um einen qualit瓣tsgesicherten Export in iTWO gew瓣hrleisten zu k繹nnen. Anschlie?end wird die Arbeitsweise mit RIB iTWO vom Datenimport, 羹ber die Datenaufbereitung, bis zur dreidimensionalen Mengenberechnung und Kalkulation erkl瓣rt. Am Ende der Arbeit wird auf im Verlauf aufgetretene Probleme eingegangen und ein abschlie?endes Fazit wird gezogen. Die angefertigte Anleitung soll es Firmen auf einfache Art und Weise erm繹glichen, mithilfe der zwei Software-Programme ein BIM-orientiertes Modell anzufertigen. Diese erforderlichen Hilfsmittel sind zum einen ein CAD-Programm und zum anderen ein Schnittstellenprogramm, um die gesamte Konzeption der Anleitung zu erarbeiten und n瓣her zu bringen. Als CAD-Programm haben wir uns f羹r ArchiCAD entschieden, da die Firma 'K繹hler Architekten + Beratende Ingenieure GmbH' bereits damit arbeitet.
Die ?kobilanz von Elektroautos. Sind Elektroautos wirklich umweltfreundlicher als Verbrenn
Der Verkehrssektor ist mit zahlreichen 繹kologischen Belastungen verbunden. Eine Umstellung von Verbrennungsmotoren auf elektrische Antriebssysteme wird daher als eine zentrale Ma?nahme zur Reduzierung der verkehrsbedingten Umweltwirkungen diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang existieren zahlreiche Studien mit unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen, unter welchen einige den 繹kologischen Vorteil von Elektroautos infrage stellen. Diese Problematik zum Anlass nehmend wird in diesem Buch untersucht, ob Elektroautos tats瓣chlich 繹kologischer sind als herk繹mmliche Verbrenner. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung. Zun瓣chst werden relevante Wirkungskategorien definiert, bevor anhand dieser der Lebenszyklus von Elektroautos im Vergleich zu Otto- und Diesel-Pkw analysiert wird. Dabei werden die 繹kologischen Vor- und Nachteile der drei Antriebsarten aufgezeigt sowie eine Einsch瓣tzung aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven abgegeben. Abschlie?end wird nach Durchf羹hrung einer Expertenbefragung sowie durch Anwendung der Methode des Analytischen Hierarchieprozesses bestimmt, welche Antriebsart aus 繹kologischer Sicht zu pr瓣ferieren ist.
Smart Gardening. Entwicklung eines Internet of Things-Prototyps zur optimalen Kultivierung
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften, Note: 1,3, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Thesis ist es, einen Internet of Things Prototyp zur optimalen Bew瓣sserung von Nutzpflanzen f羹r den heimischen Gebrauch zu entwickeln. Die sich daraus ableitende Forschungsfrage lautet: "Ist es m繹glich, eine Pflanze mittels ?berwachung ihrer Erdfeuchte durch einen Internet of Things Prototyp optimal zu kultivieren?" Die Forschungsfrage soll anhand des Wachstumsfortschritts der durch den Prototyp 羹berwachten Pflanze beantwortet werden. Dazu wird bei zwei identischen Pflanzen der Wachstumsfortschritt 羹ber eine Zeitspanne von drei?ig Tagen beobachtet. Pflanzen ben繹tigen zur Kultivierung unter anderem Wasser. Die Verabreichung von zu viel Wasser kann f羹r eine Pflanze mindestens genauso sch瓣dlich sein wie zu wenig. Aufgrund zu viel Wasser k繹nnen die Wurzeln der Pflanze faulen und sterben mit der Zeit ab. F羹r Nutzpflanzen im heimischen Gebrauch, welche durch den Ertrag ihrer Fr羹chte bei der Nahrungsgewinnung beitragen, sind eine verminderte Ernte bzw. das Absterben f羹r den Menschen problematisch. Zum einen, da die Nahrung f羹r den Konsum schlichtweg fehlt und zum anderen, weil Samen f羹r die Kultivierung neuer Nutzpflanzen damit nicht existieren. Das daraus entstehende Problem ist demnach die Ermittlung der idealen Kultivierung einer Nutzpflanze anhand einer optimalen Bew瓣sserung und daraus resultierender Erdfeuchte.
Wave Energy Potential, Behavior and Extraction
Wave energy has a higher potential than most of the available ocean energy resources; however, it fluctuates dramatically depending on geographical and temporal baselines. The complexity of wave energy is only exacerbated by that fact that the cycle of creation, transport, and disappearance of wave energy is influenced by a wide variety of factors. This Special Issue of Energies explores the latest developments in wave energy potential, behavior, and extraction. This Special Issue introduces 1) thorough reviews on the status of wave energy development, 2) novel technologies to extract wave energy including wave energy converter design, and 3) latest methodologies applied in analyzing wave energy potentials.
Dynamics of the Coastal Zone
The coastal zone is the host to many human activities, which have significantly increased in the last decades. However, sea level rise and more frequent storm events severely affect beaches and coastal structures, with negative consequences and dramatic impacts on coastal communities. These aspects add to typical coastal problems, like flooding and beach erosion, which already leading to large economic losses and human fatalities. Modeling is thus fundamental for an exhaustive understanding of the nearshore region in the present and future environment. Innovative tools and technologies may help to better understand coastal processes in terms of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, bed morphology, and their interaction with coastal structures. This book collects several contributions focusing on nearshore dynamics, and span among several time and spatial scales using both physical and numerical approaches. The aim is to describe the most recent advances in coastal dynamics.
Model－Based Tools for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes
The Special Issue on "Model-Based Tools for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes" will curate novel advances in the development and application of model-based tools to address ever-present challenges of the traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing practice as well as new trends. This book provides a collection of nine papers on original advances in the model-based process unit, system-level, quality-by-design under uncertainty, and decision-making applications of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
Advanced Mobile Robotics
Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
Advances in Hard-to-Cut Materials
The rapid growth of modern industry has resulted in a growing demand for construction materials with excellent operational properties. However, the improved features of these materials can significantly hinder their manufacture and, therefore, they can be defined as hard-to-cut. The main difficulties during the manufacturing/processing of hard-to-cut materials are attributed especially to their high hardness and abrasion resistance, high strength at room or elevated temperatures, increased thermal conductivity, as well as resistance to oxidation and corrosion. Nowadays, the group of hard-to-cut materials is extensive and still expanding, which is attributed to the development of a novel manufacturing techniques (e.g., additive technologies). Currently, the group of hard-to-cut materials mainly includes hardened and stainless steels, titanium, cobalt and nickel alloys, composites, ceramics, as well as the hard clads fabricated by additive techniques. This Special Issue, "Advances in Hard-to-Cut Materials: Manufacturing, Properties, Process Mechanics and Evaluation of Surface Integrity", provides the collection of research papers regarding the various problems correlated with hard-to-cut materials. The analysis of these studies reveals the primary directions regarding the developments in manufacturing methods, characterization, and optimization of hard-to-cut materials.
Millimeter－Wave （mmWave） Communications
The millimeter-wave frequency band (30-300 GHz) is considered a potential candidate to host very high data rate communications. First used for high capacity radio links and then for broadband indoor wireless networks, the interest in this frequency band has increased as it is proposed to accommodate future 5G mobile communication systems. The large bandwidth available will enable a number of new uses for 5G. In addition, due to the large propagation attenuation, this frequency band may provide some additional advantages regarding frequency reuse and communication security. However, a number of issues have to be addressed to make mm-wave communications viable. This book collects a number of contributions that present solutions to these challenges.
Alternative Sources of Energy Modeling and Automation
Micro-power domestic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems and the selection of the expander and the working fluid are presented, analyzed thoroughly, and numerically evaluated. A promising decentralized hybrid PV-SOFC system is investigated for providing useful energy supply to commercial buildings, capable of power and heat generation at a lower cost. A hybrid solar-combined cycle power plant integrated with a packed-bed thermal energy storage system with a novel recycling configuration enables robust control of collector temperature and net power during times of high solar activity. An automated hybrid (solar and biomass) power plant for thermal energy production for indoor space heating loads coverage is presented. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review is presented of non-iterative methods for the extraction of the single diode model parameters of photovoltaic modules. A prototype custom built two-speed gearbox with a single stage transmission electric vehicle achieves significant reductions in the overall energy consumption. Two new fuzzy models are presented of high concentrator photovoltaics using the high-accuracy Takagi-Sugeno-Kang approach and the ease of interpreting the Mamdani linguistic rules. Finally, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects of PHEVs in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy source (RES) penetration are demonstrated through simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island.
Exact and Heuristic Scheduling Algorithms
This edited book presents new results in the area of the development of exact and heuristic scheduling algorithms. It contains eight articles accepted for publication for a Special Issue in the journal Algorithms. The book presents new algorithms, e.g., for flow shop, job shop, and parallel machine scheduling problems. The particular articles address subjects such as a heuristic for the routing and scheduling problem with time windows, applied to the automotive industry in Mexico, a heuristic for the blocking job shop problem with tardiness minimization based on new neighborhood structures, fast heuristics for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem or a new mathematical model for the period-aggregated resource leveling problem with variable job duration, and several others.
Anwenderwissen Drehmomentschl羹ssel
Drehmomentschl羹ssel haben sich vom Werkzeug zum pr瓣zisen Messwerkzeug entwickelt und sind in der der modernen Fertigung unverzichtbar. QM-Systeme stellen Forderungen an den Einsatz und die ?berwachung von Mess- und Pr羹fger瓣ten, zu denen auch Drehmomentschl羹ssel zu z瓣hlen sind. Dieses Buch soll den Drehmomentschl羹sselnutzer ansprechen und Verst瓣ndnis vermitteln und Tipps f羹r den Einsatz des Schl羹ssels geben, aber auch die Hintergr羹nde und normativen Bez羹ge um Drehmomentschl羹ssel erl瓣utern.
Measurement of Cognitive Load in Accordance with Listening and Observation for Writing Tas
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, course: Electrical and Electronics Engineering, language: English, abstract: The galvanic skin response alludes to changes in perspiration organ movement that are intelligent of the power of our passionate state, also called enthusiastic excitement. it has normally been explored through single or few measures and in one exploratory situation. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) has as of late stood out for researchers as a planned physiological marker of intellectual feelings. In this exploration, intending to play out a far reaching study, we have evaluated GSR information capture for fifteen writing task and three difficulty levels and determined time and frequency domain feature. We determined that cognitive load is proportional to the task difficulty level. If cognitive load increases, task difficulty level will increase. If cognitive load decreases, task difficulty level will decrease.
Geschichte und Prinzipien des Naturschutzes in Deutschland
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz, Note: 1,7, Hochschule Bochum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wie entwickelt sich der Naturschutz in Deutschland? Im Hinblick auf die Geschichte stellt sich die Frage, was der Staat zum Schutz der Natur bis heute getan hat. Die vorliegende Hausarbeit setzt sich mit den Themen des staatlichen Naturschutzes in Deutschland und deren Prinzipien auseinander. Dabei stehen besonders die geschichtlichen Ereignisse im Fokus, sowie die Fragestellung, welche Ma?nahmen der Staat zum Schutz der Natur beigetragen hat und woran einige Ma?nahmen scheiterten. Das Ziel der Hausarbeit ist es, die Wirkung des Naturschutzes auf die Gesellschaft zu pr瓣sentieren und herauszufinden, welche Ver瓣nderungen der Ziele es bis heute gab. Der Anfang des Naturschutzes in Deutschland beginnt mit der Gr羹ndung der staatlichen Stelle f羹r Naturdenkmalpflege im Jahre 1906 in Preu?en. Dieses Jahr gilt damit als Startschuss des staatlichen Naturschutzes in Deutschland und feiert 2006 sein 100-j瓣hriges Bestehen. Der Naturschutz hat sich zu einer der wichtigsten Staatsaufgaben entwickelt. Auch vor dem Jahr 1906 wurde aktiv Natur- und Umweltschutz betrieben. Die Erkenntnis, Natur und Landschaft zu sch羹tzen, hat in Deutschland daher eine lange Tradition. Besonders zeichnet sich der Naturschutz in Deutschland durch folgende in der Praxis einsetzbaren Instrumentarien aus: zu einem die Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten und zum anderen durch die Artenschutzprogramme. Inwieweit Naturschutz betrieben wird, h瓣ngt von den Akteuren ab. Das Interesse kann unter anderem aus politischen oder pers繹nlichen Gr羹nden heraus erfolgen. Die Prinzipien und allgemeine Ziele, wie Naturschutz betrieben werden soll, werden durch Gesetze und Verordnungen beeinflusst. Diese sind in internationalen Abkommen und im novellierten Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) niedergelegt. Gesetze und internationale Abkommen sind zur Begr羹ndung von Zielen zwar politisch, ethisc
Assessment and Control of Operational Loss of Sugar During Sugar Cane ProcessingKagera Sug
Case Study from the year 2020 in the subject Agrarian Studies, language: English, abstract: This paper concentrated on assessing and controlling the operational loss of sugar in various sugar byproducts during cane processing in cane sugar factory. In the study, factors associated with operational loss were discussed and Kagera Sugar Limited (KSL) was taken as a case study. Operational sucrose loss is divided into two major categories namely, determined losses and undetermined losses. Determined losses are those which can be easily quantified through lab analysis, such as loss in molasses, filter cake and bagasse. Unlike determined losses, undetermined losses are difficult to estimate directly but rather by factory material balance. Undetermined loss is further classified into chemical loss, mechanical loss and administrative loss. In both losses, the loss through molasses is by far the largest of total loss encountered during cane processing. Objective of this paper was to develop means of increasing sucrose recovery by monitoring sugar loss. After analyzing data collected from KSL production reports, for crushing seasons 2015/16 and 2016/17 the operational loss was 2.83 and 2.87 pol % cane crushed in respective seasons. This means KSL loses significant amount of sucrose as compared to 2.20 pol% cane crushed for plants installed after 1994 as reported by. Sugar loss in molasses and bagasse was high than others, it was concluded that, the use of three laws of sucrose loss in molasses coupled with optimization of boiling house operations would result in minimized loss of sucrose in molasses. Also, improving extraction would result in minimum sucrose loss in bagasse.
Solar Air Heater - An Analysis for thermal performance
2D computational analysis is carried out to assess the comparative performance of the absorb-er plate of a solar air heater with T-shape rectangular roughness elements using commercial software packages Fluent 14.5 are investigated at the Reynolds number range from 4000-16000 in which solar air heater normally operate. The k-ɛ turbulence model is selected by comparing the predictions of different turbulence models with experimental results available in the literature. Using the selected turbulence model a computational analysis is carried out to predict the heat transfer performance and flow friction characteristics of absorb-er plates with T-shape and rectangular rib roughness elements.
Intelligent Imaging and Analysis
Imaging and analysis are widely involved in various research fields, including biomedical applications, medical imaging and diagnosis, computer vision, autonomous driving, and robot controls. Imaging and analysis are now facing big changes regarding intelligence, due to the breakthroughs of artificial intelligence techniques, including deep learning. Many difficulties in image generation, reconstruction, de-noising skills, artifact removal, segmentation, detection, and control tasks are being overcome with the help of advanced artificial intelligence approaches. This Special Issue focuses on the latest developments of learning-based intelligent imaging techniques and subsequent analyses, which include photographic imaging, medical imaging, detection, segmentation, medical diagnosis, computer vision, and vision-based robot control. These latest technological developments will be shared through this Special Issue for the various researchers who are involved with imaging itself, or are using image data and analysis for their own specific purposes.
Big Data Research for Social Sciences and Social Impact
A new era of innovation is enabled by the integration of social sciences and information systems research. In this context, the adoption of Big Data and analytics technology brings new insight to the social sciences. It also delivers new, flexible responses to crucial social problems and challenges. We are proud to deliver this edited volume on the social impact of big data research. It is one of the first initiatives worldwide analyzing of the impact of this kind of research on individuals and social issues. The organization of the relevant debate is arranged around three pillars: Section A: Big Data Research for Social Impact: - Big Data and Their Social Impact; - (Smart) Citizens from Data Providers to Decision-Makers; - Towards Sustainable Development of Online Communities; - Sentiment from Online Social Networks; - Big Data for Innovation. Section B. Techniques and Methods for Big Data driven research for Social Sciences and Social Impact: - Opinion Mining on Social Media; - Sentiment Analysis of User Preferences; - Sustainable Urban Communities; - Gender Based Check-In Behavior by Using Social Media Big Data; - Web Data-Mining Techniques; - Semantic Network Analysis of Legacy News Media Perception. Section C. Big Data Research Strategies: - Skill Needs for Early Career Researchers--A Text Mining Approach; - Pattern Recognition through Bibliometric Analysis; - Assessing an Organization's Readiness to Adopt Big Data; - Machine Learning for Predicting Performance; - Analyzing Online Reviews Using Text Mining; - Context-Problem Network and Quantitative Method of Patent Analysis. Complementary social and technological factors including: - Big Social Networks on Sustainable Economic Development; Business Intelligence.
Smart Energy Management for Smart Grids
This book is a contribution from the authors, to share solutions for a better and sustainable power grid. Renewable energy, smart grid security and smart energy management are the main topics discussed in this book.
