How the World Flows
How the World Flows acts like a microscope that pulls the reader into the barely noticeable, Lilliputian world of fluids at small scales--the microfluidic world-and answers the question "What is microfluidics?" in non-technical language. Microfluidics is the field of science that studies fluids constrained to spaces that are smaller than one millimeter wide, and by extension, the engineering field which builds devices that exploit the unique properties of fluids at these scales. Author Albert Folch explores this micro science which has inspired engineers to build devices such as engines, spray cans, ballpoint pens, inkjet and 3D printers, pregnancy and Covid tests, glucometers, asthma nebulizers, kidney dialysis machines, and DNA analyzers. This book also shows that many processes essential to life on Earth - such as the formation of raindrops, the rise of sap in plants, and the percolation of water through soil - are all microfluidic marvels. It examines how our cells breathe, feed, and fight diseases through small capillaries. Many ancient human inventions, ranging from soaps and sauces to the candle wick, the gauze, and the ink brush, rely on microfluidics, but the size of the fluid interactions in these systems, natural and human-made, has prevented most people from appreciating their inner workings. Through engaging and digestible stories, Folch takes a lens to this tiny science and demonstrates how big a role microfluidics play in life as we know it.
Safety and Wearable Technology
Safety and Wearable Technology tackles the profound issue of workplace safety, as each day unacceptable numbers of workers lose their lives in accidents, with even more succumbing to work-related illnesses across the globe. Many safety professionals strive to reduce these risks, but they're often hindered by limited resources, time, and information to catch hazards before tragedy strikes. With wearable technology now readily available, a new frontier has opened for workplace safety, offering powerful tools that can change how we protect workers.In this book, three experts in wearable technology explore the critical role wearables play in enhancing workplace safety. They walk the reader through the traditional challenges of safety management, making a strong case for the adoption of wearable technology. The book covers every essential aspect of implementing wearables in the workplace; from selecting the right technology and understanding technical approaches to effective deployment and long-term safety management. It also addresses the leadership necessary to harness these advancements fully. Readers will gain insights into the innovations driving wearable technology, including sensors, machine learning, deep analytics, and artificial intelligence. As data-driven approaches redefine safety management, this book empowers safety professionals to gather actionable data, predict hazards, and intervene before incidents occur. This data-driven shift not only enhances safety but also redefines what the factory of the future can look like--a workplace where technology proactively protects workers.Intended for professionals across the safety, operations, and engineering fields, Safety and Wearable Technology will appeal to Health and Safety Engineers, Manufacturing Engineers, Plant Managers, Industrial Hygienists, Risk Managers, and many others looking to understand and implement wearable technology in their safety protocols. This guide is an indispensable resource for those ready to envision and create safer, smarter, and more connected workplaces.
Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Rock Tunnels under Earthquake Loading
Tailings Dam Safety / S矇curit矇 des Barrages de St矇riles
ICOLD Bulletin 194, Tailings Dam Safety, aims to assist the international community to further develop and adopt safe practices for tailings dam planning, design, construction, operation, and closure with a focus on the technical aspects that are mentioned but not fully developed in other recent National and Industry Guidelines and Standards. Governance and human aspects have also been touched on with appropriate references where other guidance documents are considered more comprehensive.The Bulletin consolidates key information from these Guidelines and Standards together with information from various previous ICOLD Bulletins that address specific aspects of the topic to provide a comprehensive overview of "what makes a tailings dam safe." Comprehensive references are provided to assist users to access more detailed information where relevant.In preparing this bulletin, ICOLD has strived to consolidate "leading international practice" for tailings dams, with a focus on technical guidance.Le sous-comit矇 de la CIGB sur les st矇riles a pr矇par矇 le pr矇sent bulletin pour aider la communaut矇 internationale ? am矇liorer les pratiques en mati癡re de s矇curit矇 lors des phases de planification, de conception, de construction, d'exploitation et de fermeture des installations, en d矇taillant en particulier les aspects techniques qui ont 矇t矇 mentionn矇s, sans avoir 矇t矇 compl癡tement d矇velopp矇s, dans d'autres ouvrages directeurs et normatifs r矇cemment publi矇s par des organismes gouvernementaux et industriels. Les aspects li矇s ? la gouvernance et aux personnes ont 矇galement 矇t矇 abord矇s en offrant les r矇f矇rences appropri矇es lorsque d'autres documents directeurs ont 矇t矇 jug矇s plus complets sur le sujet.Le pr矇sent bulletin rassemble les principaux renseignements issus de ces lignes directrices et de ces normes ainsi que l'information provenant des divers bulletins ant矇rieurs de la CIGB qui traitent d'aspects sp矇cifiques du sujet afin de parvenir ? une description compl癡te de 竄 ce qui assure la s矇curit矇 d'un barrage de st矇riles 罈. Des articles approfondis sont par ailleurs cit矇s en r矇f矇rence pour aider le lecteur ? acc矇der, le cas 矇ch矇ant, ? des renseignements plus d矇taill矇s.En pr矇parant ce bulletin, la CIGB s'est efforc矇e de faire la synth癡se des 竄 meilleures pratiques internationales 罈 mises en oeuvre pour les barrages de st矇riles, et privil矇giant les recommandations techniques.
Bell Telephone System's Preeminent Role in the Growth of Industrial Design
Histories of design pay scant attention to the corded telephone, which played an immeasurable role in early communication. Although the Bell System, with many Nobel Prizes, is justly acknowledged for its technical prowess, it should also be recognized for its early and considerable impact on the developing discipline of industrial design. In 1930, young Henry Dreyfuss, who would later become known as a pioneer of industrial design, was retained by the Bell System as a design consultant and matured in that environment. With substantial input from Bell System engineers, Dreyfuss and his staff produced attractive telephone designs that were manufactured and installed in more than one hundred million American homes and copied around the world. Featuring over one hundred illustrations, Bell Telephone System's Preeminent Role in the Growth of Industrial Design is a deep dive into the development and evolution of the corded telephone. A detailed case study of an object that would become so ubiquitous and commonplace, it is also the story writ large of the establishment and importance of the field of industrial design.
Bell Telephone System's Preeminent Role in the Growth of Industrial Design
Histories of design pay scant attention to the corded telephone, which played an immeasurable role in early communication. Although the Bell System, with many Nobel Prizes, is justly acknowledged for its technical prowess, it should also be recognized for its early and considerable impact on the developing discipline of industrial design. In 1930, young Henry Dreyfuss, who would later become known as a pioneer of industrial design, was retained by the Bell System as a design consultant and matured in that environment. With substantial input from Bell System engineers, Dreyfuss and his staff produced attractive telephone designs that were manufactured and installed in more than one hundred million American homes and copied around the world. Featuring over one hundred illustrations, Bell Telephone System's Preeminent Role in the Growth of Industrial Design is a deep dive into the development and evolution of the corded telephone. A detailed case study of an object that would become so ubiquitous and commonplace, it is also the story writ large of the establishment and importance of the field of industrial design.
Flood Evaluation, Hazard Determination and Risk Management / ?valuation Des Crues, D矇termination Des Dangers Et Gestion Des Risques
Design criteria for the construction or rehabilitation of dams and hydraulic structures generally begin with a section defining the design flood. Flood determination methods have evolved over the years, but must continue to progress given the degree of uncertainty surrounding the assessment of extreme floods and the fact that factors external to flooding must be taken into account in risk assessment. This ICOLD Bulletin 187 follows in the footsteps of the previous one. It consists of three main chapters following the introductory chapter. The second chapter examines the main aspects of flood volume. The third chapter follows on from the previous bulletin and looks in more detail at stochastic approaches to flood risk assessment. The final chapter deals with the forecasting aspects of proactive flood management. Case studies illustrating short-, medium- and long-term management challenges are presented in Appendix A.Les crit癡res de conception pour la construction ou la r矇habilitation des barrages et des structures hydrauliques commencent g矇n矇ralement par une section d矇finissant la crue de projet. Les m矇thodes de d矇termination des crues ont 矇volu矇 au fil des ans, mais elles doivent continuer ? progresser 矇tant donn矇 le degr矇 d'incertitude concernant l'矇valuation des crues extr礙mes et le fait que les facteurs externes aux crues doivent 礙tre pris en compte dans l'矇valuation des risques. Ce ICOLD Bulletin 187 suit les traces du pr矇c矇dent bulletin. Il se compose de trois chapitres principaux faisant suite au chapitre d'introduction. Le deuxi癡me chapitre examine les principaux aspects li矇s au volume des crues. Le troisi癡me chapitre fait suite au bulletin pr矇c矇dent et aborde plus en d矇tail les approches stochastiques concernant l'矇valuation des risques de crues. Le dernier chapitre traite des aspects pr矇visionnels li矇s ? la gestion proactive des crues. Des 矇tudes de cas illustrant les d矇fis de gestion ? court, moyen ou long terme sont pr矇sent矇es ? l'annexe A.
Networked Systems in Industry 4.0
The networking of devices, machines and systems plays a key role in Industry 4.0. This textbook conveys the basic knowledge required for the successful use of intelligent networked production systems. It is aimed at students from the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering as well as process and environmental engineering, and is also suitable for practitioners who are involved in the automation of production.The book is divided into three parts. Part I is dedicated to the basics of networking and bus systems, including their procedures, methods and structures of local networks; hardware and software components of embedded systems; the properties of selected fieldbus systems; and open communication between networked systems based on Open Platform Communications. Part II deals with the Industrial Ethernet as well as wireless and mobile communication systems. Part III deals with the networking of cyber-physical systems, which form the basis for Industry 4.0 scenarios. Its coverage includes the architectures and services for Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things, communication infrastructures and protocols for Industry 4.0 production systems and networking in the digital factory.The basics of networked systems are illustrated using numerous application cases. More than 80 exercises provide the opportunity to test and deepen the knowledge acquired. The solutions to all the exercises, as well as additional supplementary material are also available.
Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility
Automation 4.0
The fourth industrial revolution places a number of additional demands on the design and automation of processing machines. Digitalization and automation are making products and their manufacturing processes not only more sophisticated, but also more individual. Growing demands on availability, logistics, quality and extreme price sensitivity are not leaving the production environment unscathed. This book analyses the challenges and provides meaningful examples of solution scenarios for effective production in the age of Industry 4.0.Automation 4.0 shows readers how the requirements of Industry 4.0 may be projected onto known design principles. The resulting functions are illustrated using real-life examples from industry to create a roadmap for drawing up a specification sheet for the design of a versatile processing machine. Numerous practical examples illustrate the modular, function- and object-oriented design of individual machines and systems as a solution for increasing efficiency throughout their entire life cycle. To this end, a procedure for the design of versatile machines based on object- and function-oriented modularization is presented and illustrated and elaborated step by step on the basis of the requirements.This book presents solution strategies that address the additional demands of modularization on the structure and component selection of automation systems flexibly, sustainably and with minimal engineering effort. These include aspects of real-time capability as well as machine safety and the selection of a suitable fieldbus, human-machine communication and the ability to interact in digital production. Finally, the topics of AI-supported quality assurance, simulation and digital twins are also addressed and the current state of research on the interaction of Industry 4.0 components is conveyed.The book offers a comprehensive overview of the development of sustainable machines, particularly in terms of cost-effectiveness for very small batch sizes. It is not only for students of automation technology and mechatronics, but also for industrial, development and design engineers.
Human Factors Analysis of 23 Cyberattacks
As cyber threat actors have become more sophisticated, data breaches, phishing attacks, and ransomware are increasing and the global cybercrime damage in 2021 was $16.4 billion a day. While technical issue analyses are fundamental in understanding how to improve system security, analyzing the roles of human agents is crucial. Human Factors Analysis of 23 Cyberattacks addresses, through examples, the human factors behind cybersecurity attacks.Focusing on human factors in individual attack cases, the book aims to understand the primary behaviors that might result in the success of attacks. Each chapter looks at a series of cases describing the nature of the attack through the reports and reviews of the experts, followed by the role and human factors analysis. It investigates where a human agent's intervention was a factor in starting, discovering, monitoring, or suffering from the attacks. Written in an easy-to-understand way and free from technical jargon, the reader will develop a thorough understanding of why cyberattacks occur and how they can be mitigated by comparison to the practical examples provided.This title will appeal to students and practitioners in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, cybersecurity, computer engineering, industrial engineering and computer science.
Learning from Near Misses
Learning From Near Misses can provide opportunities to improve safety without the need for harm to have first occurred. Near misses are 'free lessons' which are high volume and rich in value. However, some sectors are yet to embrace learning from near misses to improve the effectiveness and safety of their operations. This book explores how near misses contribute to safety management across a range of high-risk sectors and shares lessons to help organisations, industries and sectors utilise learning from near misses in line with contemporary safety theory.This title discusses how the management of near misses has developed in the past 30 years since early clarification of the concept. It defines the 'near miss' and describes its unique features in relation to controls while debating relevant safety science and how different perspectives (e.g. Safety I and Safety II) can help extract valuable learning from near misses to improve safety. Case studies reveal how near misses are managed and learnt from across a range of sectors. The reader will learn to acknowledge and appreciate the complexities of near misses in modern systems and recognise the considerations that are required to extract learning from them.An ideal and essential read for safety practitioners, consultants and academics, this book is also suitable for those working in safety management in high-risk and highly regulated sectors.
Occupational Health and Safety in the Food and Beverage Industry
The text will serve as a guide for learning fundamentals of occupation health and safety aspects from the perspective of the food and beverage industry. It will serve as an ideal text for professionals in the fields of occupational health and safety, food engineering, chemical engineering, and process engineering.
Effective Procurement of Ground Investigation
Effective Procurement of Ground Investigation is a client's best practice guide to procuring good quality ground investigations which will ensure that ground related and other risks are suitably and sufficiently assessed and that the required data is obtained to meet the project objectives. Procurement should follow a structured process from planning, through risk assessment to choosing the most appropriate procurement approach, conditions of contract to development of the specification. Clients often underestimate the potential cost of not assessing and managing ground related risks and that inadequate or poor ground investigations can result in serious delays and additional costs to projects. This guide describes the significant risks which may occur as part of the investigation process and explains the importance of early contractor involvement for their identification and management prior to commencement of the investigation. It also explains why clients who fairly allocate those risks, obtain a more value for money ground investigation. It is essential that the client creates a team which has the appropriate competence and proven track record from the ground investigation adviser, designers to the ground investigation specialists. Adequate ground investigations can only be developed by a flexible process led by competent individuals who truly understand the investigation methods, the importance of supervision and that this type of work is likely to encounter unknowns and uncertainty. Effective Procurement of Ground Investigation is intended primarily for Clients but construction professionals such as civil and structural engineers, architects, developers and other procurers will benefit from using this guidance. Prepared by Julian Lovell and Matthew Baldwin on behalf of the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists.
Sharing the Road
With the advancements in sensor and computation technologies, connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) services are being tested and deployed on public roads, sharing the road with human- driven vehicles (HVs). This brings challenges to traffic safety, due to uncertainty in HVs behaviors. To address these challenges, Sharing the Road offers solutions to create a safer world where HVs and AVs mix freely on our roads.Presented from a team of researchers from different domains offering varying perspectives, this book systematically summarizes the issues and trends of mixed traffic, from the micro (such as vehicle algorithm design) to the macro (including traffic flow optimization and policy) perspectives. Customized car- following models describing the behaviors of HVs when interacting with CAVs and control algorithms optimizing the traffic flow in terms of traffic safety and efficiency are discussed. The title also summarizes approaches to model HVs' behaviors and case studies of real-life examples are provided, leaving the reader with a detailed vision of the future of a mixed- traffic world.This title will appeal to professionals at any career stage in the fields of human factor engineering, traffic engineering, urban design, and vehicle engineering.
Regulation of Dam Safety
ICOLD Bulletin 167, Regulation of Dam Safety: An Overview of Current Practices Worldwide, provides a comprehensive review of legal and regulatory arrangements for the safety of dams among the countries represented at ICOLD. As such, this review is essentially a snapshot of the situation being in place at the end of the first and the beginning of the second decade in the 21st century.This Bulletin is useful not only to these countries which have weak or non-existent legal and regulatory dam safety frameworks but also to these jurisdictions which are considering changes and improvements to existing legislation and regulations.Le Bulletin 167 de la CIGB, Reglementation de la Securit矇 des Barrages: Revue Internationale des Practiques Actuelles, fournit une revue compl癡te des dispositions l矇gales et r矇glementaires en mati癡re de s矇curit矇 des barrages au sein de pays repr矇sent矇s ? la CIGB. ? ce titre, cette revue est une photographie instantan矇e de la situation autour des ann矇es 2010.Il peut 礙tre utile non seulement pour les pays qui ont un cadre juridique et r矇glementaire r矇duit ou inexistant pour la s矇curit矇 des barrages, mais 矇galement ? ceux qui envisagent des changements et des am矇liorations de leurs l矇gislations et r矇glementations en vigueur.
Restorative Just Culture
In the world of work, accountability can often translate to punishment. This book explores trust, learning, and accountability in the aftermath of incidents. Fully updated, the fourth edition of Restorative Just Culture covers restorative justice, challenging conventional notions of blame and retribution to create a 'just culture' in the workplace.Whether you're grappling with the fallout of an incident or seeking to foster a culture of trust and compassion, this book offers invaluable insights and practical guidance. This fascinating title challenges the traditional concept of accountability and urges the reader to consider not just who broke the rules, but who was harmed and what their needs are. Written by a pioneer in the field, this book draws from extensive case studies and fresh insights. Through narratives and thought-provoking analysis, the author explores the transformative power of restorative justice and the complexities of human error in organizational settings. New to this edition are new chapters, updates to criminalizing human error, a section on forgiveness, coverage of implementing restorative justice in an organization and much more. The reader of this book can reevaluate how they see their workplace culture and how it can be made safer and fairer.Restorative Just Culture: From Disciplinary Action to Real Accountability, Fourth Edition is a must-read for professionals in health and safety, business and management, and others with accountability in professional environments.
Bridge Failures and Lessons Learnt
Around the world, bridge failures are occurring on an almost monthly basis. Bridge Failures and Lessons Learnt: Future-proofing to prevent disasters uses case studies from history, as well as more recent events, to analyse in detail the causes and consequences of these failures, shedding light on technological advancements and actionable steps to prevent such disasters in the future. Bridge collapses may be attributed to a relatively small number of causes, including errors either in design or construction, incorrect operation, poor maintenance and, especially with climate change upon us, environmental factors. It is usually due to a combination of these factors which leads to failure. In many cases, however, the detailed engineering reasons behind those collapses have not been widely shared so that bridge engineers can learn the lessons and to try to prevent similar recurrences. This principle of knowledge sharing has been fundamental to the development of engineering understanding for the last few centuries. This book provides a detailed analysis of the more frequent causes of failures, using a selection of case studies from around the world focuses on future-proofing new and existing bridges, particularly in response to climate change highlights the opportunities offered by new technology, including the use of remote sensors, IoT, and AI. Bridge Failures and Lessons Learnt is a much-needed reference for bridge managers, consultants, inspectors, and civil and structural engineers engaged in the design, construction, maintenance, and management of bridges both in the UK and overseas. It is also useful reading for consultants designing bridge repairs, inspectors, and asset owners.
Human Factors in the U.S. Railroad Industry
At the heart of United States Railroad Industry are human operators who continue to make it work and operate. However, humans are susceptible to error, fatigue and risky behaviors and understanding how they impact the safety of the industry continues to be studied. Human Factors in the U.S. Railroad Industry investigates the human factor behind one of the world's biggest railway networks and synthesizes the body of research that has been produced by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) on Human Factors in the Railroad industry since 1993.During that time over 120 FRA reports were published on topics such as accident analysis, grade crossing safety and trespassing, working conditions and ergonomics, employee fatigue, safety culture, and track inspection. This title organizes this body of work into topic areas that correspond to Moray's Sociotechnical System (2006) to provide a comprehensive way to understand the relationship between policy, organizational culture, and system safety. It discusses tools such as risk exposure, signal detection theory and program evaluation that have been applied to railroad projects and can be used to improve future railroad and transportation research. It provides a synthesis of the reports across topic areas such as fatigue, ergonomics and safety culture that are currently important within the wider human factors transportation research community. The reader will develop an understanding of a "human-centered systems" approach to the railroad industry, which focuses on human capabilities and limitations with respect to human/system interfaces, operations, system integration, and organizational influences on safety.This book will appeal to researchers, academics, students and professionals interested in human factors, railway engineering, civil engineering and industrial engineering.
Oil Well Production Mechanism
This is a comprehensive guide to the intricacies of the oil and gas industry, focusing specifically on production processes. Written by industry experts, the book offers valuable insights into the technical aspects, environmental considerations, and economic factors associated with oil and gas exploration and extraction.Main topics covered: Introduction to the oil and gas industry: The book overviews the industry, including its historical background, global significance, and key players. Basic reservoir concepts: It explores the techniques and technologies used to identify potential oil and gas reserves, assess their commercial viability, and estimate their production potential. Well completion and construction, intervention: The book delves into the various well completion processes, methodologies, construction and well intervention techniques, and reasons. This section focuses on completing the drilled wells and initiating production. It covers completion techniques, wellbore stimulation, artificial lift methods, and production optimization. Emerging technologies and future trends: It highlights the latest advancements in drilling and production technologies, such as directional drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and digitalization. It also discusses the industry's prospects and challenges. Oil Well Production Mechanism serves as a valuable resource for professionals, students, and enthusiasts seeking a comprehensive understanding of the oil and gas industry's production processes. It combines technical knowledge with practical insights, making it an essential read for anyone involved or interested in this dynamic field.
Humans and Cyber Security
Cyber security incidents are often attributed to "human error". The discipline of human factors recognises the importance of identifying organisational root causes, rather than focusing on individual actions or behaviours. Humans and Cyber Security: How Organisations Can Enhance Resilience through Human Factors delivers an applied approach to capturing and mitigating the risk of the human element in cyber security and proposes that it is easier to change organisational practices than it is individual behaviour.This book identifies undesirable behaviours and practices, then analyses why they occur, and finally, offers mitigating actions. Models of behavioural motivations will be discussed alongside individual vulnerabilities. Organisational vulnerabilities will form the main focus of an applied approach to capturing and mitigating the risk of the human element in cyber security. It concludes with recommended processes that involve talking to a range of individuals across the organization. Backed up with practical materials to facilitate data collection, applied examples and mitigating strategies to address known human vulnerabilities, this book offers the reader a complete view of understanding and preventing cyber security breaches.The solutions in this book will appeal to students and professionals of human factors, security, informational technology, human resources and business management.
