Diesel Engine History
Diesel Engine History: Technology, Evolution, and PerformanceAn in-depth analysis of diesel engines is presented in Diesel Engine History and Larry R. Foland. This is a definitive history of diesel technology taking up the history since the days of the steam engine designed by James Watt to corporate pioneers like Fairbanks Morse via the landmark discoveries of Rudolf Diesel. Thorough historical narrate, technical terms coupled with necessary formulas are combined together to present a complete picture of the mechanics, engineering, and history events that developed the industry.It is explained and the highlights of the story include the introduction of the diesel engine into the United States of America, the development of the turbocharging, and the high-efficiency-design. The book is presented in a packed tip-to-tail information offering baffled explanations of engine cycles, torque, horsepower, and conversion tables, and is as useful a teaching tool to engineers as it is an enticing read to car and motorcycle enthusiasts. The perfect book to give someone who is a student, a pro, as well as everyone interested in the history and beauty of the diesel engine, Diesel Engine History is an essential book to any technical and historical collection.
Flow Measurements Using Particle Image Velocimetry in the Ultra Compact Combustor
Velocity measurements were performed using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique on the Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) test rig at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Velocity patterns and time-averaged turbulence statistics were calculated for data taken with the UCC burning hydrogen fuel in the straight cavity vane and curved cavity vane configurations. The equivalence was varied from 0.7 to 1.5, while the ratio of cavity air to main air was varied from 5% to 20%. Spanwise turbulence intensity penetrated into less than 50% of the main channel for all conditions except the richest (equivalence ratio of 1.5). A study was performed with the curved and straight sections increasing flow rates while holding other factors constant to determine velocity dependence. Relative turbulence intensities were independent of overall flow velocity in the straight configuration, while a negative correlation was observed in the curved configuration. Overall turbulence intensity levels were measured at 15% and 21% for the straight and curved configurations respective. The RVC generated significant flow rotation. Peak vorticity was observed farthest from the cavity vane suggesting the angle of the RVC is effective in generating increasing flow rotation with streamwise velocity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook of Steam Shovel Work
Handbook of Steam Shovel Work, originally published in 1911, provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices involved in operating and maintaining steam shovels. This practical guide covers a range of topics, including the history of steam shovels, their mechanical components, and the techniques for efficient excavation. Detailed sections explain the different types of steam shovels, their applications in various construction projects (particularly railroad construction), and tips for optimal performance. This handbook also emphasizes safety procedures and best practices for operating these powerful machines. A valuable resource for engineers, operators, and anyone interested in the history of civil engineering and heavy machinery, Handbook of Steam Shovel Work offers a fascinating glimpse into the early 20th-century technology that shaped the world.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fatigue Behavior of an Advanced Sic/Sic Composite at Elevated Temperature in Air and in Steam
The fatigue behavior of an advanced Silicon Carbide/Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was investigated at 1200 C in laboratory air and in steam environments. The composite consisted of a SiC matrix reinforced with Boron Nitride (BN) coated Hi-Nicalon fibers woven into eight-harness-satin (8HS) weave plies. Tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile properties were also evaluated at 1200 C. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted in both laboratory air and in steam at 1200 C at frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 1.0 Hz, and 10 Hz. The tension-tension fatigue tests had a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R = 0.1, with maximum stresses ranging from 80-120 MPa in air and 60-110 MPa in steam. Fatigue run-out was defined as 105 cycles for 0.1 Hz tests and as 2 x 105 cycles for 1.0 Hz and 10 Hz tests. Strain accumulation with cycles and modulus evolution with cycles were analyzed for each fatigue test. The CMC fatigue performance degraded after moving from the air to the steam environment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Pressure Steam
"High Pressure Steam", published by the Babcock & Wilcox Company, offers a comprehensive overview of high-pressure steam technology. This book delves into the principles, applications, and engineering aspects of generating and utilizing high-pressure steam in various industrial settings. A valuable resource for engineers, technicians, and students, this book covers topics such as boiler design, operation, maintenance, and safety protocols. It provides detailed insights into the efficient and reliable production of high-pressure steam, essential for numerous industrial processes. This book presents practical knowledge and technical expertise, reflecting the Babcock & Wilcox Company's commitment to advancing steam technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finite Element Model Updating
The applications of antiresonant frequencies to finite element (FE) model updating are few and usually limited to numerical examples. This work uses antiresonant frequencies in the model updating of an experimental structure and analyzes the physical correctness of the updated model by using it to detect damage. Antiresonant frequencies were used in the FE model updating of a six-meter aluminum truss. The model used rigid links to model welded and bolted joints. Rigid link dimensions were used as parameters in an iterative update based on eigenvalue and antiresonance sensitivities. The first update used 11 natural frequencies and 21 antiresonant frequencies from seven experimental frequency response functions (FRFs). The second update used only 11 natural frequencies. The antiresonant updated model produced a 46% better correlation to experimental FRFs than the non-antiresonant updated joint model. The antiresonant updated model was used to predict FRFs for the FTE in 112 damaged configurations. Pattern classification and curve-fit algorithms for damage detection were tested. The curve-fit method correctly identified damage 92.6% of the time compared to 76.1% for the pattern classier. The high quality of the model was attributed to the use of rigid links that were updated using antiresonant frequencies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Optimum Component Design in N-Stage Series Systems to Maximize the Reliability Under Budget Constraint
This research is intended to find a new heuristic for solving the reliability optimization of n-stage series system. The new heuristic will make the initial system design and use redundancy to improve system reliabilility level. The limited capacity of common optimization tools requires the new heuristic to be coded in VBA programming language. Moreover, the known reliability optimization heuristic, marginal analysis will be coded so that the difference between two heuristics can be seen and design engineers can use the best result in their applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Effects of Polishing Shot-Peened Surfaces on Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V
The research of this thesis was done to investigate the effects of polishing a shot-peened specimen of Ti-6Al-4V on the fretting fatigue life. The shot-peening process, though one of the most beneficial techniques in prolonging fretting fatigue life, creates a textured surface that may lead to problems on the micro level. This research was done in an attempt to further improve the peening process by examining the effects of another surface treatment to be used in conjunction, surface polishing. The rough peened surface may contain abrupt changes in surface geometry that act as stress risers, which are more highly prone to crack initiation. Specimens were hand polished after they were peened to remove approximately 25 microns of material from the surface to remove all stress risers while preserving the beneficial residual stresses created by peening. Experiments designed to simulate fretting fatigue similar to previous research were conducted until specimens fractured. Seven experiments were conducted using titanium allow Ti-6Al-4V, shot peened using 7A intensity. All tests were run at ambient air temperature. Fatigue parameters, such as stress range and effective stress, were analyzed. Fretting fatigue conditions were determined and surface roughness measurements of polished and unpolished specimens were taken. It was concluded that, though fatigue life was improved over that of un-peened specimens, the polishing process did not improve the fretting fatigue life of the alloy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook and Catalogue of Concrete Reinforcement
A comprehensive guide to concrete reinforcement, the "Handbook and Catalogue of Concrete Reinforcement" provides detailed information on the materials and methods used in early 20th-century construction. Published in 1907 by American Wire Steel & Co, this historical document offers insights into the design and implementation of reinforced concrete structures. Featuring illustrations, specifications, and practical advice, the handbook serves as a valuable resource for understanding the evolution of building technology. It is particularly relevant for civil engineers, architects, and historians interested in the development of modern construction techniques. This catalogue preserves the technical knowledge of its time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Skies Will Be Falling
This paper will examine three possible weather modification technologies and techniques to disrupt and diminish the destructive power of tropical cyclones in the 2030 timeframe: specifically tuned microwaves from space-based solar power stations, biodegradable monomolecular surface materials ("monolayers"), and moisture-absorbing materials. Various scenarios along with analysis of several experiments and simulations will reveal that the basic technology exists today for hurricane modification within in the next thirty years. This paper will also discuss enabling technologies such as improved computer modeling, better forecasting, and more precise data collection. Finally, substantial issues regarding liability, international treaties, and domestic politics must be addressed in order for this possible future to become a reality.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Detached Eddy Simulation Analysis of Pak-B Low Pressure Turbine Blade
Two cases were computationally investigated using the detached eddy simulation (DES) turbulence model: an unmodified Pak-B blade and a Pak-B blade with a dimple located at 65% of axial chord. Both cases were created so that they simulated an infinite span with an infinite number of dimples. The cases were run for an inlet Reynolds number of 25,000. The computed results were used to resolve the location of separation and reattachment, visualize the streamlines for the dimpled case, build velocity magnitude contour and vector plots, and map the thickness of the boundary layer. The results were then compared to previous computational and experimental studies in order to validate the detached eddy simulation model for future research into the effect of dimples on low pressure turbine flow fields. For the unmodified blade, the performance of the DES model compared favorably to other available viscous and turbulence models. For the dimpled blade, preliminary results also indicate favorable results although further development of the flow field is necessary to verify this. Based on these results, future researchers studying dimples on turbine blades should strongly consider using the DES turbulence model.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Decision Directed and Constant Modulus Algorithms Derived and Evaluated for Multicarrier Systems
The purpose of this research is to derive and examine blind adaptive algorithms for equalizing multicarrier (MC) communication systems and analyze how they performunder varying environmental conditions and parametric variations, focusing on equalizersset in cascade with the channel. Two well-accepted and widely-known cost functions, Decision Directed (DD) and Constant Modulus (CM), are applied to the MC signalstructure, and gradient descent algorithms based on both DD and CM functions arederived, analyzed and compared. Comparison of the new algorithms, Multi CarrierDecision Directed (MCDD) and Multi Carrier Constant Modulus (MCCM), focuses ondetailing how each algorithm performs when the factors of noise power and symbolsynchronization are varied. Additionally, a Frequency Domain Equalizer (FEQ) isdeveloped and employed to de-rotate and resize the output symbol constellation. BothMCDD and MCCM are compared against other blind and trained adaptive MCequalization algorithms in the areas of bit error rate (BER) vs. signal to noise ratio (SNR)and BER vs. synchronization delay. Results are presented showing that MCDD andMCCM perform worse than a MC Trained (MCT) approach but better than bothMulticarrier Equalization by Restoration of Redundancy (MERRY) and Carrier NullingAlgorithm (CNA).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Evaluation of Wind Turbine Technology at Peterson AFB
Wind energy technology is a viable source for attaining the emission reduction and renewable energy use goals set forth by the executive office. In accordance with Executive Orders, the Air Force must reduce greenhouse emissions and energy consumption, and expand the use of renewable energy sources within its facilities nation-wide by year 2010. This mandate requires that the Air Force look at alternative electrical production and rely more on such renewable energy resources as wind power. The specific problem addressed by this research is whether on-site wind energy generation can be more economically feasible than the conventional energy consumption at Peterson AFB. The hypothesis of this research is that wind energy will not be economically effective as an energy alternative without the inclusion of quantified environmental benefits. The life cycle cost comparisons derived from generating on-site wind energy proved not to be strictly economically feasible for Peterson AFB when compared to fossil fuel generated electricity. However, with the inclusion of the valuation of environmental benefits, it was determined that wind energy is a worthwhile project if the U.S. Air Force is willing to pay the extra costs for the global socioeconomic benefits.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Selecting Energy Efficient Building Envelope Retrofits to Exisiting Department of Defense Buildings Using Value Focused Thinking
The Department of Defense (DoD) has hundreds of thousands of facilities in its inventory, which consume billions of BTUSs of energy per year. Much of that energy is used to heat and cool the facility, and a great deal of this energy is lost through the building envelope. While new military construction works towards energy efficiency, the majority of DoD facilities were built over forty years ago with little regard to energy efficiency, and it is these facilities that have the greatest potential for energy efficient building envelope retrofits. There are hundreds of various new building envelope technologies available to retrofit an existing building envelope, including window, roof, and wall technologies. This research investigated fifteen different building envelope technologies and found that many of them are feasible alternatives for DoD facilities. Value Focused Thinking (VFT) was the methodology used to objectively compare these new technologies and capture what Air Force decision makers value in regards to retrofitting older facilities with these new building envelope technologies. Data from three different Air Force bases and values from three different Air Force Civil Engineer Operations Flight Chiefs were used to evaluate these fifteen technologies, and the results show that the energy efficient window technologies have the highest potential for energy savings at each location. However, the research also shows that each of these technologies is a viable option and should always be considered when retrofitting an existing facility.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Validation of the AFIT Small Scale Combustion Facility and OH Laser-Induced Fluorescence of an Atmospheric Laminar Premixed Flame
Construction in the AFIT combustion facility is complete and the objective of this report is to explain the steps taken to make the laboratory operational. The infinite radius Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) sectional model has been delivered and is fully installed with all fuel, air and instrument lines. Every major system in the lab has been tested and is functioning properly. Laboratory operating procedure has been established to ensure both safety and continuity in experimental results. Finally, the lab has been certified through official safety channels and combustion experiments are underway. The unique capability of the AFIT combustion laboratory is the laser diagnostic system. The laser system has been configured for OH Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and initial experiments were performed on a premixed, laminar flame produced by a Hencken burner. The LIF methods accurately measured the OH concentration and temperature of the flame as compared to theoretical equilibrium flame data with an overall system uncertainty of approximately 2.5%. Therefore, the laser system has been calibrated and is ready for future use.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Chain Grate Stokers
Chain Grate Stokers, published in 1914 by Babcock & Wilcox Company, provides a detailed explanation of the design, operation, and maintenance of chain grate stokers. This book serves as a valuable resource for engineers, operators, and anyone interested in the technology of coal combustion in industrial settings. The text covers various aspects of chain grate stokers, including their construction, fuel feeding mechanisms, air distribution systems, and ash removal processes. It includes diagrams, illustrations, and practical advice for achieving efficient and reliable stoker operation. While reflecting the technology of the early 20th century, this book offers insights into the history of boiler design and combustion engineering, making it a relevant reference for historical context and comparative studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Chain Grate Stokers
"Chain Grate Stokers," originally published in 1914 by the Babcock & Wilcox Company, provides a detailed examination of chain grate stoker technology prevalent in the early 20th century. This treatise delves into the design, operation, and maintenance of these mechanical systems used for feeding coal into boilers for steam generation. With comprehensive illustrations and technical specifications, the book serves as an invaluable resource for engineers, technicians, and historians interested in the evolution of power generation and industrial heating.The text covers various aspects of stoker construction, fuel combustion processes, and efficiency optimization. It offers insights into the engineering principles underlying the design and operation of these crucial components of steam plants, reflecting the technological advancements of its time and highlighting the critical role of mechanical stokers in industrial applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
General Catalog
This is a republication of Section No. 1 of the ninth edition of the "General Catalog" from Meese & Gottfried Company, originally published in 1916. This catalog details the specifications and applications of various mechanical components, including pulleys, shafting, keys, collars, couplings, belt tighteners, and belting. A valuable resource for historians of technology and engineering, this catalog offers a glimpse into early 20th-century manufacturing practices and the types of machinery used in industrial settings. It provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of each component, offering insight into the mechanical principles and engineering standards of the time. "Section No.1 (9Th Ed.) Pulleys, Shafting, Keys, Collars, Couplings, Belt Tighteners, Belting, Etc." is a fascinating look at the nuts and bolts of early American industry.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Diesel Engine History
Diesel Engine History: Technology, Evolution, and PerformanceAn in-depth analysis of diesel engines is presented in Diesel Engine History and Larry R. Foland. This is a definitive history of diesel technology taking up the history since the days of the steam engine designed by James Watt to corporate pioneers like Fairbanks Morse via the landmark discoveries of Rudolf Diesel. Thorough historical narrate, technical terms coupled with necessary formulas are combined together to present a complete picture of the mechanics, engineering, and history events that developed the industry.It is explained and the highlights of the story include the introduction of the diesel engine into the United States of America, the development of the turbocharging, and the high-efficiency-design. The book is presented in a packed tip-to-tail information offering baffled explanations of engine cycles, torque, horsepower, and conversion tables, and is as useful a teaching tool to engineers as it is an enticing read to car and motorcycle enthusiasts. The perfect book to give someone who is a student, a pro, as well as everyone interested in the history and beauty of the diesel engine, Diesel Engine History is an essential book to any technical and historical collection.
Examination of Contact Width on Fretting Fatigue
The primary goal of this study was to find the effects on the fretting fatigue life when systematically holding the fretting fatigue variables, peak contact pressure, maximum/minimum nominal bulk stress, and the ratio of shear traction to pressure force constant while varying the contact semi-width through changes in pad radius and normal load. Experimental tests were performed on a test setup capable of independent pad displacement. Analytical and finite element simulations of the different experimental tests were performed. The local mechanistic parameters were inspected. Five different critical plane based fatigue predictive parameters lacked effectiveness in predicting changes in life with changes in contact width. The Ruiz parameter, and a modified version of the Ruiz parameter performed better than the five critical plane based parameters. Correlations between slip amplitude and fretting fatigue life were found. Tests experiencing infinite fatigue life, in contrast to the typical shortened fretting fatigue life, were experiencing the gross slip condition, which led to fretting wear instead of fretting fatigue.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Standard Steel Construction
"Standard Steel Construction" is a comprehensive manual designed for architects, engineers, and contractors involved in steel construction. Originally published in 1903 by Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, this book provides useful tables, formulas, and other essential information for working with beams, channels, and structural shapes manufactured by American Iron and Steel Works. It serves as a valuable historical resource, offering insights into early 20th-century construction practices and the materials used during that period. This manual is an essential addition to the libraries of those interested in the history of engineering and construction, showcasing the standards and practices of a bygone era.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Optimization Methods in Manufacturing Processes
This book presents the result of an innovative challenge, to create a systematic literature overview driven by machine-generated content. Questions and related keywords were prepared for the machine to query, discover, collate and structure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) clustering. The AI-based approach seemed especially suitable to provide an innovative perspective as the topics are indeed both complex, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, for example, climate, planetary and evolution sciences. Springer Nature has published much on these topics in its journals over the years, so the challenge was for the machine to identify the most relevant content and present it in a structured way that the reader would find useful. The automatically generated literature summaries in this book are intended as a springboard to further discoverability. They are particularly useful to readers with limited time, looking to learn more about the subject quickly and especially if they are new to the topics. Springer Nature seeks to support anyone who needs a fast and effective start in their content discovery journey, from the undergraduate student exploring interdisciplinary content to Master- or PhD-thesis developing research questions, to the practitioner seeking support materials, this book can serve as an inspiration, to name a few examples. It is important to us as a publisher to make the advances in technology easily accessible to our authors and find new ways of AI-based author services that allow human-machine interaction to generate readable, usable, collated, research content.
Customized Technologies for Sustainable Management of Industrial Wastewater
Molecular Simulations and Multiphysics Nanoscale Coupling
This textbook on principles, numerical methods, and aplications of multiscale modeling of materials and the coupling of mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale covers the Principle of Objectivity, the coupling of mechanics, thermal science, and electromagnetics, Sequential and Concurrent Multiscale Modeling and CGMD.
Studies in Construction History
The Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society held in Queens' College, Cambridge 12-13 April 2023. The papers cover a wide range of topics on Construction History ranging in period from Ancient Rome to the Late Twentieth Century.
C Programming and Numerical Analysis
This book is aimed at those in engineering/scientific fields who have never learned programming before but are eager to master the C language quickly so as to immediately apply it to problem solving in numerical analysis. The book skips unnecessary formality but explains all the important aspects of C essential for numerical analysis. Topics covered in numerical analysis include single and simultaneous equations, differential equations, numerical integration, and simulations by random numbers. In the Appendices, quick tutorials for gnuplot, Octave/MATLAB, and FORTRAN for C users are provided. For the second edition, a section on memory management was added. Exercise problems were updated and the numerical analysis part refined.
Maintenance Engineering Handbook, Ninth Edition
The most complete and current guide to every aspect of maintenance engineering--updated to reflect the latest advances in the industry The most comprehensive resource of its kind, Maintenance Engineering Handbook has long been a staple for engineers, managers, and technicians seeking current advice on everything from tools and techniques to planning and scheduling. Since the last edition was published, there have been exponential technology advancements that directly affect maintenance and maintenance engineering function.Recent changes in technology, especially those of predictive analytics, wireless-cloud-base data acquisition, and smart sensors have radically changed the landscape of both engineering and maintenance management. This updated edition integrates these advances into a comprehensive approach to maintenance management with proven best practices for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), inventory management, root-cause analysis, and performance management.Featuring contributions from noted experts in the field, Maintenance Engineering Handbook, Ninth Edition will help engineers reduce excessive downtime and high maintenance costs by detecting and mitigating repetitive failures.
Chemical Engineering Principles Applied to Medicine
Chemical Engineers are increasingly working on medical problems but so far there is no text that brings together such contributions for inspiring more research and as the basis for advanced courses. This work provides contributions on how Chemical Engineering approaches medical problems, particularly using modelling alongside experimentation and data analysis, to explore medical behaviors. Chapters on modelling the liver, kidney, lungs and skin and associated systems to show how major changes in behavior can be understood and to some extent predicted, are included. This is followed by chapters explaining how engineering principles have been developed to aid diagnosis and treatment of disease such as cancer, diabetes, Von Willibrands disease, and conditions associated with the lungs. The book is of relevance to all Chemical Engineers showing how the discipline is extending to tackle the chemical and physical aspects of disease and human physiology and will also be of interest to clinical staff who wish to see how engineering methodologies can help to integrate the fragmented landscape of medical specialties and in the future move towards decision support tools based on understanding of physiology and disease to aid clinical decision making in the way that is now done in manufacturing. Brings together Chemical Engineers with medical experts. Inspires young Chemical Engineers to see how and where and how their skill set can be applied to medical problems. Within the EFCE Forum on New Technologies Chemical Engineering as Applied in Medicine was seen as an inspiring new area of research.
Leveraging Advanced Technologies: Business Model Innovation and the Future
This book examines how next-generation tools such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things are transforming not only the way companies operate, but also how they create value, define strategy, and drive growth. As emerging technologies reshape the business landscape, innovation has become a necessity rather than a choice. It offers an in-depth exploration of the evolving business model innovation landscape, combining diverse methodologies and real-world industry cases to illustrate the powerful intersection of technology and strategic transformation. Through practical insights, evidence-based analysis, and compelling case studies, this book equips decision-makers to adapt, innovate, and lead in a rapidly evolving digital environment. What You'll Discover: - The role of AI, blockchain, and IoT in reinventing business models - Frameworks and strategies for leveraging disruptive technologies - Policy and managerial insights to guide innovation in practice - Case studies illustrating sector-specific applications and outcomes - Multidisciplinary research perspectives supporting innovation management Ideal for scholars, professionals, executives, and policymakers, this book delivers the tools, clarity, and inspiration needed to navigate the future of business with confidence and creativity.
Creation, Transformation and Metamorphosis
The texts presented in Proportion Harmonies and Identities (PHI) - Creation, Transformation and Metamorphosis were compiled to establish a multidisciplinary platform for presenting, interacting, and disseminating research. It also aims to foster awareness and discussion on Creation, Transformation and Metamorphosis, focusing on different visions relevant to Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Design and Social Sciences, and its importance and benefits for the sense of identity, both individual and communal. Creation, Transformation and Metamorphosis has been a powerful motor for development since the Western Early Modern Age. Its theoretical and practical foundations have become the working tools of scientists, philosophers, and artists, seeking strategies and policies to accelerate development in different contexts.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Damage and Healing Mechanics of Materials
Damage and Healing Mechanics of Materials: Metals and Metal Matrix Composites covers the fundamentals of damage mechanics, with various damage models presented coupled with elastic and elasto-plastic behavior. Experimental investigations and the related data for damage in composite materials are included, as are computational modeling and simulation methods for investigating damage and healing in various materials and structures. Healing mechanics using both scalars and more general theory based on tensor notations are discussed, as are applications of damage mechanics. Undamageable materials, the generalized method of cells, phase field modeling, cyclic plasticity concepts, and more are all also covered.
Digital Disruption and Business Innovation: Navigating the New Technological Era
This book examines how organizations across industries are responding to the accelerating pace of technological change, leveraging disruption as a catalyst for growth and competitive advantage. The digital revolution is not merely transforming business operations, it is fundamentally redefining the nature of innovation. Featuring a diverse collection of research, case studies, and expert insights, this book delves into the intersection of digital technologies and business innovation. From artificial intelligence and data analytics to automation and smart platforms, it highlights how emerging tools are driving bold strategies, enhancing customer experiences, and reshaping entire markets. What You'll Discover: - Key drivers of digital disruption in today's business environment - Innovative responses to change across diverse sectors - Practical frameworks for leading digital transformation - Insights into technology-enabled value creation and agility - Research-backed strategies for sustainable, innovation-led growth Designed for executives, scholars, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, this book offers the perspectives and tools needed to understand disruption, harness opportunity, and lead in the new technological era.
Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors
Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science (GSPCEES) provides the latest developments in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for compound identification. The book covers the principles, applications, and latest advancements in the field, and provides information on the design, development, and optimization of sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors and biosensors for compound identification. It includes detailed discussions on underlying principles, practical guidance on the selection of materials, fabrication techniques, and sensing and signal transduction strategies as well as key topics such as sensor integration, miniaturization, and commercialization. This is an indispensable resource for researchers, scientists, and students working in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors, as well as professionals in industry and government agencies involved in chemical and environmental monitoring.
Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures
Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures establishes the thermo insulation characteristics of intumescent coating under various fire and hydrothermal aging circumstances and shows how to predict the temperature elevation of steel structures protected with intumescent coatings in fires for avoiding structural damage.Introduced are the features and applications of intumescent coatings for protecting steel structures against fire. The constant effective thermal conductivity is defined and employed to simplify the quantification for the thermo-resistance of intumescent coatings. An experimental investigation into the hydrothermal aging effects on insulative properties of intumescent coatings is presented, as well as the influence of topcoat on insulation and aging of intumescent coatings. Also described is a practical method for calculating the temperature of the protected steel structures with intumescent coatings in order to evaluate the fire safety of a structure.The book is aimed at fire and structural engineers, as well as researchers and students concerned with the protection of steel structures.
Twentieth Century Hand-book for Steam Engineers and Electricians, With Questions and Answers ..
"Twentieth Century Hand-book for Steam Engineers and Electricians" is a comprehensive guide designed for practical use by engineers and electricians. Originally published in 1905, this handbook offers a wealth of information on steam engines and electrical systems, complete with questions and answers to aid in understanding and application. Compiled by C. F. Swingle, Henry Charles Horstmann, and Victor Hugo Tousley, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of early 20th-century engineering practices. Its enduring value lies in its detailed explanations and practical approach, making it a significant historical document for those interested in the evolution of steam and electrical technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Text-book of Engineering, for Secondary Technical Schools
"A Text-book of Engineering, for Secondary Technical Schools" by William Richard King offers a comprehensive overview of engineering principles tailored for students in secondary technical education. Published in 1906, this book provides foundational knowledge in various engineering disciplines, reflecting the technological landscape of the early 20th century. Intended as a practical guide, the text covers essential topics, likely including mechanics, hydraulics, and basic machine design, presented in a manner accessible to students. The book's value lies in its historical context, offering insights into the curriculum and pedagogical approaches used in technical education at the time. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the evolution of engineering education and the development of technical skills in the early 1900s.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Construction Equipment
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, also sometimes shortened to CoE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 38,000 civilian and military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agency. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. Hydropower capacity. The Corps' mission is to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. This document was published by the members of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Construction Equipment
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, also sometimes shortened to CoE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 38,000 civilian and military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agency. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. Hydropower capacity. The Corps' mission is to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. This document was published by the members of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Principles and Techniques for Designing Precision Machines
The Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI), is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that houses research and development results from projects funded by the DOE. The information is generally an article, technical document, conference paper or dissertation. This is one of those publications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Wide-Angle Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar
Traditional monostatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms force the user to choose between two image types: larger, low resolution images or smaller, high resolution images. Switching to a Wide-Angle Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (WAM-SAR) approach allows formation of large high-resolution images. Unfortunately, WAM-SAR suffers from two significant implementation problems. First, wavefront curvature effects, non-linear flight paths, and warped ground planes lead to image defocusing with traditional SAR processing methods. A new 3-D monostatic/bistatic image formation routine solves the defocusing problem, correcting for all relevant wide-angle effects. Inverse SAR (ISAR) imagery from a Radar Cross Section (RCS) chamber validates this approach. The second implementation problem stems from the large Doppler spread in the wide-angle scene, leading to severe aliasing problems. This research effort develops a new anti-aliasing technique using randomized Stepped-Frequency (SF) waveforms to form Doppler filter nulls coinciding with aliasing artifact locations. Both simulation and laboratory results demonstrate effective performance, eliminating more than 99% of the aliased energy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Experimental Assessment and Enhancement of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame
We have experimentally assessed the quantitative nature of planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of NO concentration in a unique atmospheric pressure, laminar, axial inverse diffusion flame (IDF). The PLIF measurements were assessed relative to a two-dimensional array of separate laser saturated fluorescence (LSF) measurements. We demonstrated and evaluated several experimentally-based procedures for enhancing the quantitative nature of PLIF concentration images. Because these experimentally-based PLIF correction schemes require only the ability to make PLIF and LSF measurements, they produce a more broadly applicable PLIF diagnostic compared to numerically-based correction schemes. We experimentally assessed the influence of interferences on both narrow-band and broad-band fluorescence measurements at atmospheric and high pressures. Optimum excitation and detection schemes were determined for the LSF and PLIF measurements. Single-input and multiple-input, experimentally-based PLIF enhancement procedures were developed for application in test environments with both negligible and significant quench-dependent error gradients. Each experimentally-based procedure provides an enhancement of approximately 50% in the quantitative nature of the PLIF measurements, and results in concentration images nominally as quantitative as LSF point measurements. These correction procedures can be applied to other species, including radicals, for which no experimental data are available from which to implement numerically-based PLIF enhancement procedures.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Geospatial Data and Systems
This manual provides guidance and assistance to design engineers in the development of different types of equipment used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The manual should be used when preparing electrical designs for civil works facilities built, owned, or operated by the Corps of Engineers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
