Persistent Space Situational Awareness
In the decades since the space program first began, the United States has become more and more dependent on space across a broad spectrum of military, commercial, and civil applications. That dependence brings with it an inherent vulnerability, and recent evidence of the growing threat, combined with acknowledged gaps that exist in our ability to rapidly characterize and attribute attacks on our satellites results in a compelling need for a robust space situational awareness (SSA) capability. The Distributed Real-time Awareness Global Network in Space (DRAGNETS) is one solution that leverages the trend toward distributed, networked military capabilities that nanotechnology will enable within the next 20 years. The DRAGNETS approach uses distributed constellations of thousands of very small sugar cube-sized femtosats to maintain continual cognizance of the space environment. Current and future advances in nanotechnology will lead to substantial miniaturization of satellite functions and allow the Air Force to field flexible, adaptive, and responsive systems as part of an overall SSA architecture. In order to realize the DRAGNETS vision, the Air Force should plan phased investments leading to an operational assessment of a prototype DRAGNETS constellation at a technology readiness level of 7 by 2025. The end result will be a capability that, when integrated with existing ground and space-based SSA assets, provides Combatant Commanders and senior decision makers with the necessary awareness to preserve maximum flexibility in the use of US space capabilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Tests of Centrifugally Cast Steel
"Tests of Centrifugally Cast Steel" (1921) presents a detailed examination of the properties and performance of steel produced using the centrifugal casting method. Authored by G. K. Burgess, this work contributes to the field of metallurgy and mechanical engineering, providing valuable insights into the characteristics of centrifugally cast steel. The study likely includes comprehensive testing procedures, analysis of material properties, and comparisons to traditionally cast steel. This volume offers a historical perspective on early 20th-century steel manufacturing techniques and their impact on industrial applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How Lumber is Graded
"How Lumber is Graded," Volume 64, by Harold S. Betts, offers a detailed exploration of the processes and standards involved in evaluating lumber quality. Originally published in 1920, this book provides valuable insights into the historical practices of the timber industry and the criteria used to classify lumber for various applications. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in forestry, woodworking, construction, or the history of material sciences. This volume details the specific characteristics considered when grading lumber, offering both historical context and practical knowledge for professionals and enthusiasts alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Temperature Degradation Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly used in demanding structural applications in which they may be exposed to harsh environments. The durability of such materials is a major concern, potentially limiting both the integrity of the structures and their useful lifetimes. The goal of the current investigation is to develop a mechanism-based model of the chemical degradation which occurs, such that given the external chemical environment and temperatures throughout the laminate, laminate geometry, and ply and/or constituent material properties, we can calculate the concentration of diffusing substances and extent of chemical degradation as functions of time and position throughout the laminate. This objective is met through the development and use of analytical models, coupled to an analysis-driven experimental program which offers both quantitative and qualitative information on the degradation mechanism. Preliminary analyses using a coupled diffusion/reaction model are used to gain insight into the physics of the degradation mechanisms and to identify crucial material parameters. An experimental program is defined based on the results of the preliminary analysis which allows the determination of the necessary material coefficients. Thermogravimetric analyses are carried out in nitrogen, air, and oxygen to provide quantitative information on thermal and oxidative reactions. Powdered samples are used to eliminate diffusion effects. Tests in both inert and oxidative environments allow the separation of thermal and oxidative contributions to specimen mass loss. The concentration dependency of the oxidative reactions is determined from the tests in pure oxygen. Short term isothermal tests at different temperatures are carried out on neat resin and unidirectional macroscopic specimens to identify diffusion effects. Mass loss, specimen shrinkage, the formation of degraded surface layers and surface cracking are recorded as functions of exposure time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Structure-Property Relationships of Bismaleimides
The purpose of this research was to control and systematically vary the network topology of bismaleimides through cure temperature and chemistry (addition of various coreactants) and subsequently attempt to determine structure-mechanical property relationships. Characterization of the bismaleimide structures by dielectric, rheological, and thermal analyses, and density measurements was subsequently correlated with mechanical properties such as modulus, yield strength, fracture energy, and stress relaxation. The model material used in this investigation was 4,4'-BismaleiMidodIphenyl methane (BMI). BMI was coreacted with either 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline (MDA), o, o'-diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) from Ciba Geigy, or Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS). Three cure paths were employed: a low- temperature cure of 140 C where chain extension should predominate, a high-temperature cure of 220 C where both chain extension and crosslinking should occur simultaneously, and a low-temperature (140 C) cure followed immediately by a high-temperature (220 C) cure where the chain extension reaction or amine addition precedes BMI homopolymerization or crosslinking. Samples of cured and postcured PMR-15 were also tested to determine the effects of postcuring on the mechanical properties. The low-temperature cure condition of BMI/MDA exhibited the highest modulus values for a given mole fraction of BMI with the modulus decreasing with decreasing concentration of BMI. The higher elastic modulus is the result of steric hindrance by unreacted BMI molecules in the glassy state. The moduli values for the high- and low/high-temperature cure conditions of BMI/MDA decreased as the amount of diamine increased. All the moduli values mimic the yield strength and density trends. For the high-temperature cure condition, the room- temperature modulus remained constant with decreasing mole fraction of BMT for the BMI/DABA and BMI/DDS systems. Postcuring PMR-15 increases the modulus over that of the cured mateThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Implants: Processing, Structures, Properties And, Applications
Advanced Materials in Bioimplants: Processing and Applications thoroughly reviews the core concepts, processing routes, and applications of nanomaterials in bioimplants. Divided into three sections, this book systematically guides the reader through each stage of bioimplant materials development, helping them make informed decisions when selecting appropriate materials for their work. A range of implant nanomaterials is considered including smart, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and light nanomaterials. Various fabrication and synthesis techniques are detailed, as well as key applications as antiviral smart nanocoatings, loadbearing, flexible, wear-resistant nanomaterials, and futuristic bioimplants. This book acts as a reference to the researchers and practitioners in the fields of nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, and biosciences.
Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-Immunotherapies
Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-immunotherapies reviews the general cellular and biochemical barriers of the tumor microenvironment and other immune diseases, the ways they are addressed by modern immunotherapies, and the specific barriers facing particular immunotherapeutic approaches. The latest research on immunomodulatory biomaterials is examined, providing a perspective on their future opportunities in modulating disease treatment strategies. Translational considerations and lessons learned from the various components of nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies, including conventional immunotherapies, nucleic acids, nanotechnology, and biotechnology-based therapeutics are assessed. Finally, a framework for the development of the next generation of nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies is detailed, providing guidance and suggestions for those interested in the development of novel immunomodulatory nanobiomaterials. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-immunotherapies is a key reference for researchers and developers working in biomaterials, nanotechnology, immunology, biomedical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences.
Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2b
Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2B: Unit Processes, presents various unit processes with an emphasis on mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, and electrochemical materials and energy processes. The book highlights the roles of these processes in beneficiation, rare-earth extraction, utilization of lean resources, coal extraction, and biofuels, reflecting the shift toward green and electrochemical processes. Basic knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics is provided for better understanding of metallurgical processes. The first section of the book covers mineral processing, providing insight on comminution, separation processes, dewatering, and tailings disposal. The second section focuses on hydrometallurgy, discussing leaching, separation-purification, metal recovery, and battery materials, and the book concludes with a section studying electrochemical material and energy, featuring coverage of molten oxide electrolysis, molten carbonate fuel cells, various sensors, and ionic liquids. Each section also includes various case studies, demonstrating the use of the concepts in real-world settings.
Hydrogel Tissue Analogues
Hydrogel Tissue Analogues provides an overview of the critical role of novel hydrogels in tissue engineering and biomedicine. Structured into three parts, this book guides readers through the latest advances in hydrogel technology. Part one offers an in-depth look at state-of-the-art hydrogel processing, including biomimetic strategies and ground-breaking bioprinting approaches. It also covers rheological characterization and its biomedical applications. Part two showcases the diverse applications of hydrogels in tissue regeneration, spanning bone, adipose, cartilage, cardiac, intervertebral disc, and skin tissues. Additionally, it explores hydrogels for hemostasis, vascularization enhancement, and infectious disease treatment, along with their bioadhesive properties. Part three delves into the regulatory aspects surrounding hydrogel products, addressing emerging developments and commercially available solutions. Hydrogel Tissue Analogues is an essential resource for researchers and academics in the fields of materials science, biomaterials, polymer science, and regenerative medicine, who have an interest in hydrogel-based biomedical solutions.
Data Science in Metal Forming
Data Science in Metal Forming provides readers with a framework to collect, visualize, analyze, and characterize metal forming metadata, thus enabling improved design, more efficient production, and more effective application of a range of metals. Chapters introduce concepts and discuss industry 4.0, digital manufacturing, and more. Other sections feature case studies of metal forming data collection spanning several essential procedures and outline methods for data processing when lacking essential information. The book also includes data visualization techniques, insights into how to analyze data from various metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental, extrusion, and more) and details on how readers can setup, manage, and most effectively apply their own data repositories.
Sustainable Smart Composites
The book discusses cutting-edge technologies, advancements in processing techniques, and real-world applications of composite materials in diverse fields such as structural, engineering, aerospace, automobiles, and defense.
Bioactive Glass Materials for Biological Applications
This book envelopes the complexities, challenges, and advancement in developing new class of bioactive materials for versatile applications. It outlines the materials involved, bioactivity against bioinert materials, phase change materials, biomolecular nature, synthetic biodegradable polymers, and bioactive glasses.
The Audio Expert
This newly updated third edition of The Audio Expert offers a comprehensive reference book that covers all aspects of audio. The book includes both practical and theoretical explanations, using common sense plain-English explanations and mechanical analogies, with minimal math.
Bionanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
This book examines bionanocomposites in the biomedical field from a fundamental level to in-depth applications using an interdisciplinary approach combining polymer technology, nanotechnology, biomedical science, and pharmaceutical research. Advancements of bionanocomposites in biomedical applications are also summarized.
Advances in Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Applications II
This book reports on research and developments in the field of 3D printing, with a special emphasis on methods to analyse the products of additive manufacturing, and optimize different steps of the manufacturing process. Gathering selected contributions to the 3rd Advances in Additive Manufacturing Conference (AIAM' 2024), held on May 17-19, 2024, in Hammamet, Tunisia, this book covers a variety of topics, including: analysis of microstructure and material behavior, numerical simulation and model techniques for optimization of manufacturing processes, machine learning for quality control and automated monitoring, among others. Offering a good balance of fundamental research and industrially relevant findings, this book provides researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot of and extensive information on current developments in the field and a source of inspiration for future research and collaboration.
Infrared Systems for Tactical Aviation
Electromagnetic spectrum and military operations -- Operational implications of infrared systems -- Current technologies and tactical aviation -- Concept of natural evolution.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Night Vision Goggles
The Air National Guard Bureau Office of Airspace and Ranges (ANG/DOBA) has requested from Air Command and Staff College that training be developed to train Air National Guard air to ground Range Officers in night vision goggle use. This project fulfills that request. It is a computer based training product that was authored in Macromedia Authorware version 4.0 software. It is a fully interactive computer program that incorporates a wide range of graphics, video, sound, and animation to allow interactivity between the program interface and the learner. It was designed using sound instructional design principles and a complete task analysis, objective development, and instructional strategies were developed. Full sets of storyboards were developed using an original storyboard format and were created in Microsoft Access software. A custom installation program was also used, and the installation of the program, along with user hardware system requirements meets the Air National Guard Bureau request. The computer based training also has an evaluation instrument, and automatically writes user results to a tracking database. This fulfills the night vision goggle academic training certification process. Future applications of this product can be conversion to web based training, and the project includes a web based training prototype.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles With Current Combat Search and Rescue Doctrine
The events of September 11, 2001 brought home to the United States (U.S.) the realities of the Post Cold War World. With the realization that our Republic's armed forces are fighting a new type of enemy came a demand that the United States military defeat this new threat using every tool in our arsenal.1 The use of United States Air Force Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and externally carried Hellfire anti-armor missiles against selected Taliban and al Qaeda targets was the first modern-day UAVs to do so in combat.2 This use of UAVs in a direct combat role, as opposed to their traditional Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) role, led me to the idea of using UAVs for other non-traditional roles in combat. As an Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter pilot, Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) is an integral part of our Army Aviation mission. This is also true among the other services' rotary-wing and fixed-wing communities. A common problem among all the services, particularly the Air Force, is the limited amount of resources and manpower that are devoted to the CSAR mission. Under the current force structure, exactly 105 HH-60G Pave Hawks in the Air Combat Command inventory are too few to perform the potential number of missions required to support current operations.3 The rescues of Lieutenant Colonel Iceal Hambleton in Vietnam and Captain Scott O'Grady in Bosnia illustrate the difficulty associated with CSAR operations on the modern battlefield.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Anatomy of a Capabilities Gap
The Air Force's first stealth fighter has had a long and distinguished service record for our nation providing commanders a then revolutionary capability to fight our nation's wars. The F-117A Nighthawk's traditional mission of knocking down the door for conventional forces to follow will now fall upon other capabilities in the Air Force and other armed services. This paper analyzes and amalgamates available unclassified information covering different aircraft and capabilities currently in the Air Force inventory and those in production. With ever tightening budgets, the Air Force has to make difficult decision, on which programs to discontinue or reduce while keeping a vigilant watch to ensure capabilities do not diminish as it restructures its force. While the B-2 Spirit, F-22A Raptor and AGM-158 JASSM all possess low observable characteristics, an analysis of available unclassified information concludes that there could be a slight capability gap but the risks are not worth the costs to continue operating the F-117A fleet in the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Talking Back
The information age is altering weapon system development and improvement. Information communications, storage, and computing technologies will revolutionize system development, operations, maintenance, and logistic processes. Based on the so-called laws of Gilder, Metcalfe and Moore and current DoD weapons trends the futures of these technologies provide opportunities to progress the paradigm of weapons development and improvement.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Enabling Battlespace Persistent Surveillance
In 2025, the military's need for persistent surveillance applications will extend beyond current airborne platforms such as Global Hawk and Predator. The future of 2025 contains potential enemies with a material and information focus capable of conducting regular and irregular warfare on foreign lands as well as the continental United States. The US military must invest their energy and money today into researching enabling technologies such as nanotechnology, wireless networks, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) to develop persistent surveillance applications such as Smart Dust for the future.The enabling aspects of these technologies, based in academia or business today, form the basis for the disruptive combat applications in the next 20 years. Nanotechnology, while fantastic in some aspects, reduces today's technology to the molecular level contributing to increased performance for the future. Facilitating globalization, wireless networks link people, computers, and sensors beyond the borders of nations without the need for costly hardware-intensive infrastructure. Finally, MEMS sense a wide array of information with the processing and communication capabilities to act as independent or networked sensors. Fused together into a network of nanosized particles distributed over the battlefield capable of measuring, collecting, and sending information, Smart Dust will transform persistent surveillance for the warfighter.With technological, social, and ethical challenges preventing growth, the US military should lead research, development, and education on these enabling technologies to realize the full benefits of Smart Dust by 2025. Through policy decisions, the United States, as the world's superpower, must continue to lead the development of innovative technologies to preserve the balance of power for the future.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Spectrum Management
As recently as September 2007, Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon England directed the establishment of a task force to coordinate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) issues and determine a way ahead to provide for "common, joint, and operationally effective UAS programs."1 Aren't the systems we have now common, joint, and operationally effective? Why the need for a task force and why did he mention specific areas to address including streamlining acquisition and management, interoperability, integration of UAS into civil airspace, frequency spectrum and bandwidth use, and payload and sensor management?2 The answers are not easy ones, but mainly concern the issue of increasing demand for these systems and their products, and the current existing challenges. The communications area of frequency and bandwidth availability is one case where these challenges will continue to increase as demand increases.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Electromagnetic Pulse Threats to U.S. Expeditionary Operations in 2010
US military forces depend on electronic systems and information dominance to produce overwhelming combat power. Indeed, defense leaders are calling for development of a network-centric force to rapidly deploy and conduct decisive operations in the future security environment. Unfortunately, the information revolution embraced by the military has a dark side-it introduces a potentially catastrophic vulnerability. Electronics, the foundation of the network-centric force, are extremely vulnerable to a rapidly proliferating class of arms--electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons. EMP weapons come in many forms and levels of sophistication. Some can be built from readily available parts for a few hundred dollars, some require extensive technological expertise and research facilities, and the most effective require both the capability to build a nuclear device and the ability to launch it with a missile. While recent literature has proclaimed that the sky is falling in regard to US vulnerability to EMP, the truth is that not all EMP weapons produce catastrophic effects on all systems. The goal of this paper is to classify near-term EMP threats to US expeditionary operations in terms of their probability of use, lethal range, systems they affect, and their potential users to identify high-payoff protective measures. The paper makes specific recommendations on cost effective solutions to address the most likely and most dangerous threats.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Future Role of the USAF Technical Officer
This paper examines the role of USAF technical officers (TOs) as envisioned by the post-World War II Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) report, Toward New Horizons, co-authored by General Henry 'Hap' Arnold and the renowned aerodynamicist Dr. Theodore von Karman. The current role of TOs according to existing career path guides and the future role as envisioned in the latest SAB report, New World Vistas are also examined. The examination of the TO role addresses advanced technical education and a clear path to senior leadership positions. The current path to senior leadership positions for TOs appears to be solely through acquisition management. These two areas are addressed explicitly in New World Vistas, which highlights the importance of these issues and the future role of TOs ensuring USAF technological superiority in the 21st century. A working definition of USAF TOs is formulated which includes the scientific research and development Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) (61SX) and the developmental engineering AFSC (62EX) as well as the acquisition manager AFSC (63AX). These specialties currently reside within the acquisition and financial management career area. The author concludes by proposing a number of innovative ideas. Concepts such as the formation of a technical officer corps (TOC) and its vigorous management by the personnel system to ensure there are no recruitment and retention shortfalls are recommended. This vital national security resource-the USAF technological superiority and the men and women of the TOC who are key to America's current and future technical supremacy-guards our nation from any future technological surprises which may threaten America and the free world.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The All Seeing Eye
This research paper investigates the space environment in the 2030 timeframe with respect to the important space-based earth surveillance mission. It attempts to answer the question: "Can the U.S. field a persistent space-based surveillance capability in an operational domain that is increasingly challenged by adversary threats?" To answer this question, the paper looks at the nature of existing threats and the likely capability developments in the next 20 years. To counter the threats, the paper investigates a geosynchronous orbit based surveillance system. Such a system would be beyond the reach of current anti-satellite weapons. However, significant technical hurdles remain to make such a system a reality.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Integrating the B-2 Into Link 16 Operations
Network centric warfare is a key enabler to present day military operations. Link 16, a tactical data link, is one means that combat air forces utilize to leverage network centric warfare. In the past, the B-2 community relied on stove-piped communications systems, but now the B-2 is in the early stages of implementing a fully integrated Link 16 system. This paper will show that the current integration of Link 16 will enhance the B-2's overall mission effectiveness by decreasing aircrew workload, increasing situational awareness, and eliminating many opportunities for human error. However, the current Link 16 implementation also has several hurdles to overcome in order to be fully effective. These hurdles, which include implementing hardware and software improvements, maximizing training opportunities, and emphasizing a commitment to Link 16 use in combat operations, are also addressed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Airborne Platforms for Emergency Communications and Reconnaissance in Domestic Disaster Response
Since the 19th century, aircraft have played a significant role in military operations worldwide. From the use of observation balloons in the American Civil War, to the introduction of jet-powered aircraft in World War II, to the advent of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) like the Reaper and Global Hawk, the role of aircraft has been ever expanding as technology advances in our nation's Air Force. One of the initial roles of military of aircraft was to provide intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) to battlefield commanders. That role continues today in a variety of situations. One of those situations is disaster response in the continental United States. US Air Force aircraft and sensor technology can provide detailed imagery and video of affected areas to assist with relief efforts. These aircraft can also be used to assist in another critical area of disaster response: communications restoral. Multi-role aircraft, manned, unmanned, and remotely piloted can be used to provide this ISR capability and provide communications service to an area affected by a disaster. Responding to a US Northern Command requirement, this research paper will explore which types of airborne platforms, to include airships, tethered aerostats, traditional heavier than air remotely piloted platforms, and others, can provide emergency communications and wide area surveillance both prior to a disaster situation, and during the US Government's response operations. The US Government response to Hurricane Katrina will be used as a case study to determine exactly what communications and ISR capabilities will be required to support disaster response operations. Lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina will also be explored.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Strikestar 2025
The United States military of the year 2025 will need to deal with a widevariety of threats in diverse parts of the world. It will be faced withbudgetary restraints that will dictate system trades favoring those militaryelements that offer utility over a wide spectrum of conflict and add to theability to project power over long distances. The United States military of the year 2025 will also exist in a social and political environment that willdictate the need to minimize United States personnel losses and enemy collateral damage.An opportunity exists to exploit planned advances in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to address future military needs. Through all-source, coordinated intelligence fusion, it will be possible to supply the war fighter with all-weather, day or night, near-perfect battlespace awareness. This information will be of precision targeting quality and takes advantage of multiple sources to create a multidimensional view of potential targets. Early in the twenty-first century, reconnaissance UAVs will mature to the extent that reliable, long-endurance, high-altitude flight will be routine, and multiple, secure command and control communications links to them will have been developed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sentinel Chameleon
Sentinel Chameleon: A Concept of Operations for Employment of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Persistent Information Operations in 2030 The year is 2031. Coalition Forces are conducting Foreign Internal Defense and stabilization operations at the request of a terrorist-plagued nation in North-East Africa. There have been credible threats of a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) attack using conventional delivery methods; most likely in the form of a dirty bomb. There is no indication that the host country has an organic WMD capability. A Sentinel Chameleon (SENCHEON) constellation has been operating over a designated area for 37 hours where the coast and the borders of a neighboring country, known to deal in WMD materials, can be closely monitored. The Master Planning Tasking Command and Control Mission Lead (MPTC2ML) is a Marine Corps Joint Forces Commander established by Africa Command (AFRICOM) and has set up headquarters in the troubled country. The MPTC2 center is located in the Coalition Air Operations Center. The Combined Forces Maritime Component Commander (CFMCC), comprised of US Navy combatants from Commander FIFTH Fleet (C5F), has been conducting Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO) from the straight of Babel Mandeb to the Northern Kenyan coast. Although piracy interdiction has been successful, the Navy's Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS) of suspect vessels has not yielded indications of Chemical Biological Radiological or Nuclear (CBRN) materials. The Combined Forces Land Component Commander (CFLCC) is providing support to boarder control authorities, but for the most part this responsibility has fallen to the host nation. WMD proliferation is growing and the threat to the FID operation is imminent. So, what kind of Unmanned Aerial System is SENCHEON? How is it different from any other? What can it do to help eliminate the threat?This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Need for a Dedicated Space Vehicle for Defensive Counterspace Operations
This paper investigates the defensive counterspace function as defined in Air Force Doctrine Document 1 and considers whether an on-orbit capability is needed for its fulfillment. The discussion begins with the examination of threats to space systems, how they are likely to be attacked and the means with which to counter those attacks. The examination focuses on the space element and determines that a space-based defensive capability will be needed to protect orbital assets in the future. The defensive potential of ground-based systems and self-defending spacecraft are determined to be inadequate, leading to the conclusion that a dedicated, mission specific vehicle design is the best option for fulfilling the defensive counterspace function. Finally, preliminary considerations of vehicle design and mission capability indicate that the first iteration of this vehicle should be ground-stationed, reusable, and prepared to launch into earth orbit in time of heightened tensions or war to carry out the defensive counterspace mission.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Protecting Commercial Space Systems
Key questions will address the impact on U.S. national security due to attacks on commercial space assets. What is the `real' impact of commercial space on the U.S. economy (not just spending)? How would loss of commercial space capabilities impact U.S. warfighting capability? What constitutes an attack on a commercial space system? How do we deter and detect an attack? How should the U.S. respond to such attacks, proportionally or massively? Finally, what policy and process changes are needed to protect our national security?This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Optimal Adoption of Green Roofs
New growth within established communities puts undue pressure on existing infrastructure which in turn, drives tax rate increases for all residents to cover. However, there are sustainable methods that municipalities can turn to that diminishes the local impacts of new growth on the community. Based on the absorptive nature of green roofs, the delayed release of stored rainfall volume diminishes the instances of combined sewer outflows as well as reduces the need for increased infrastructure to convey and treat stormwater discharge. A municipality can introduce planned percentages of green roof coverage which will diminish infrastructure improvement costs over time and increase the population's sustainable footprint. By employing the curve number method for determining runoff volumes from specific rain events and attaching cost-per-unit increase values to the interacting variables, the runoff-cost model produces cost curves in relation to the percentages of green roof coverage. From this runoff-cost model, (based on a specific area), a calculated 40% green roof coverage can be fully reimbursed to the builders through tax abatements, eliminating the perceived cost premium of green over conventional roofs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Retaining Army Engineer Officers
Policy and doctrine require the U.S. Army to provide certain capabilities during the conduct of stability operations. The Department of Defense now considers stability operations as critical to success as offensive and defensive operations. Operations that require technical engineer capabilities, specifically infrastructure reconstruction operations, require a portion of the engineer officer corps to possess a technical engineering education. Trends in officer accessions and retention indicate a shortfall in technical engineering education among the engineer officer corps, casting doubt in the ability of the Engineer Regiment to meet anticipated future requirements. Senior engineer leaders identified these conditions and initiated a campaign to increase technical competence within the regiment. This monograph contributes to this effort by identifying factors that affect the retention of engineer officers who possess engineering degrees. The results of a survey of engineer officers at Fort Leavenworth reveal these officers possess lower job satisfaction than officers who possess non-engineering degrees and officers across the Army. These officers are more likely to believe their experiences in the Army did not match their pre-commissioning expectations contributing to perceived "psychological contract violations." The monograph suggests leaders conduct a series of studies over time to assess the effects of initiatives to increase technical competence within the Engineer Regiment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Logging the JSF
Within the US Air Force, acquisition, operations, and logistics communities collectively face a perplexing question: What is the best way to plan the acquisition and life-cycle sustainment of a fighter aircraft fleet? To find the answer to this question the following thesis attempts to derive lessons learned from case study analysis to develop a new methodology for future use. Aircraft fleet size, in an acquisition program, is determined by assessing the capabilities necessary to meet current and future operational readiness demands. Aircraft sustainment, although equally important, is typically not considered during early procurement planning due to the difficulty in forecasting the sustainment infrastructure necessary to mitigate effects caused by aging and changing operational requirements. At best a nebulous endeavor, sustainment forecasting is affected by the myriad of dynamic organizational, technological, and budgetary influences caused by rigid DoD acquisition processes and inflexible Congressional appropriations cycles.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Study of Simulation Effectiveness in Modeling Heavy Combined Arms Combat in Urban Environments
During the Cold War, combined arms heavy force tactics dictated that forces should avoid urban areas when possible. However, since the beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom, heavy forces have fought in every urban area in Iraq. The United States Army has clearly rediscovered combined arms heavy force tactics, but there currently exists no validated and effective live, virtual, or constructive training simulation to adequately prepare U.S. Army forces to deal with insurgents in urban terrain. This study examined selected simulations currently in use for training and analysis, compared them against urban warfare requirements derived from key historical battles, and recommended requirements for future simulations that will better prepare the nation's soldiers for the urban battlefield of today and tomorrow.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Robotics
New technology may be able to help answer the cries to reduce casualties resulting from friendly fire and collateral damage, as well as assist the military in performing urban operations. Unmanned vehicles, whether air, land or sea, are one means to get our airmen, soldiers, marines, and sailors out of harm's way and are most likely a key driver to an upcoming revolution in military affairs (RMA) for all services. The major objective of the paper is to bring attention to Tactical Mobile Robots (TMR) and hopefully encourage follow-on studies and to cultivate an enthusiasm to employ them correctly to help get our troops out of harms way and win battles. This study focuses primarily on the use of TMRs in the special operations environment. The paper discusses the current and immediate TMR capabilities; key logistics concerns regarding maintenance, supply, and transportation; and two possible scenarios, one in an unconstrained battlefield and the other in an urban environment. The data collected was primarily via conducting interviews and witnessing experiments and they highlight a few barriers, which must be addressed if unmanned platforms are to keep pace with congressional orders.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Counterair
This white paper examines the counterair mission in 2025--what it is, what the threats are, how we counter them. In the broadest sense, the counterair mission will not change in the next thirty years. The basic premise of air superiority--neutralizing or destroying an adversary's ability to control the skies--will remain intact. This paper examines the counterair mission by first performing an analysis of three different trajectories. The first is an evolutionary trajectory based on projections of current and programmed capability. The second and third trajectories represent extremes--"anything but" approaches for conducting the counterair mission. The second trajectory is "anything but" inhabited aircraft and the third is "anything but" aircraft at all--performing the counterair mission solely with surface and space-based systems. The results of this analysis will provide us with a basis of comparison for each. Common themes emerged from all three trajectories. The primary theme is a requirement for near-real-time collection, processing and distribution of information, or in some cases knowledge, to support the commander's assessment and reaction to a given situation. A comprehensive holographic display system is required to present the information to the commander.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Engendering Cyber-mindedness in the USAF Cyber Officer Corps
The mission of the United States Air Force is to fly, fight and win...in air, space and cyberspace. The Air Force is the first military service in the Department of Defense to include the cyberspace operating domain as part of its mission. The Air Force has undergone notable changes to incorporate this new domain of operations, to include establishing a cyberspace numbered air force and creating a cyberspace career field. The Air Force converted all of its Communications and Information Officers into Cyberspace Operations Officers in April 2010. The Air Force, however, has not completed an in-depth analysis of what skills the officers in this new career field will need in order to face future cyberspace challenges. This new career field is an amalgamation of officers with different educational backgrounds and operational experiences. The essence of any organization is the culture among its members. An accepted definition of organizational culture is a shared set of beliefs among members of a group that establishes acceptable behavior by individuals within the group. When the Air Force recognized cyberspace as an independent operating domain it became important for the service to foster a cyber-minded culture. This research offers a better understanding of and recommendations for shaping a cohesive, operationally-oriented, and mature cyber-minded culture, which the Air Force desires for its new operating domain. To accomplish this goal, this research explores three context-specific cultural variables with regard to their influence on certain career fields in the Air Force's operating domains. Those variables are advocacy and mentorship, education and formal training, and divergence of career paths. Each of the variables plays a role in fostering cohesion, operational orientation, and maturity of domain-minded cultures. A study of the air- and space-minded cultures, with a careful focus on their maturation from their birth and early growth stages to organizational miThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Comparison Study of F-15C Fighter Squadron Ready Aircrew Program Flying Hour Scheduling vs. the RAND Corporation's Flying Hour Scheduling Linear Program
This research compares and contrasts the Flying Hour model created by the RAND corporation with the Ready Aircrew Program (RAP) model from Air Combat Command. The RAP model was designed to generate an annual flying hour program that specifies the minimum number of sorties required to stay tactically safe. The RAND model was designed to provide fighter pilots 13 sorties per month, a number determined from surveys of combat aviation leadership. The RAND model is built on the assumption that the fighter pilots would be immediately ready to deploy to a combat situation. In contrast, squadrons using the RAP model must take extra sorties and time to get fighter pilots ready for war. This research recommends an increase to AFI 1-2F-15V1 annual pilot requirements. This plus-up will increase average monthly sorties for combat mission ready API-1 pilots to the Air Force Safety Center recommended 11 flights per month at a flying hour cost of approximately $1.7 million per squadron.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Simulation Based Methodology to Examine the B-1B's AN/ALQ-161 Maintenance Process
This thesis looks at the maintenance procedures associated with the defensive electronic counter measure (ECM) system on the B-1B, designated the AN/ALQ-161. Computer simulation of the current line-replaceable-unit (LRU) maintenance network for Ellsworth AFB and Dyess AFB is modeled. In addition, two hypothetical repair networks are proposed and analyzed. This research considers the applicability of this type of computer simulation, using ARENA software to study the AN/ALQ-161 repair system. The contribution of this research is a discrete simulation methodology specific to the AN/ALQ-161 LRU repair line. Two response variables of interest were addressed, work-in-process and machine utilization. A total of 20 different repair scenarios were analyzed for the three different LRU networks simulated. A best-case scenario is selected from each model and the results are compared to one another.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Online-Delaunay Navigation for Time-Sensitive Targeting
Given the drawbacks of leaving time-sensitive targeting (TST) strictly to humans, there is value to the investigation of alternative approaches to TST operations that employ autonomous systems. This paper accomplishes five things. First, it proposes a short-hop abbreviated routing paradigm (SHARP) -- based on Delaunay triangulations (DT), ad-hoc communication, and autonomous control -- for recognizing and engaging TSTs that, in theory, will improve upon persistence, the volume of influence, autonomy, range, and situational awareness. Second, it analyzes the minimum timeframe need by a strike (weapons enabled) aircraft to navigate to the location of a TST under SHARP. Third, it shows the distribution of the transmission radius required to communicate between an arbitrary sender and receiver. Fourth, it analyzes the extent to which connectivity, among nodes with constant communication range, decreases as the number of nodes decreases. Fifth, it shows the how SHARP reduces the amount of energy required to communicate between two nodes. Mathematica 5.0.1.0 is used to generate data for all metrics. JMP 5.0.1.2 is used to analyze the statistical nature of Mathematica's output.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Adversary Use of Commercial Space
The ability to exploit space capabilities was once monopolized by a few select nations. However, the advent of the Information Era begat an increased demand for space services that inevitably drove a responding supply. Today, space-based force enablers are commercially available not just to nations, but individuals, alike. This ready accessibility of space capabilities places both US forces and her space industry at risk. Successfully addressing this risk will require the coordinated efforts of the Departments of Defense, State and Commerce. To best quantify the threat, one must not only determine what services are available, but who is providing them. Unsurprisingly, Russia, the member nations of the European Space Agency, Japan and China pose the greatest menace as adversary sources of space-based capabilities and competitors to US industry. Naturally, these states also host the largest commercial service providers such as SES Global, Arianespace, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industry. The sophistication and state backing of these entities merit close and continued scrutiny. Having identified the sources, one may then assess the services. Of the spectrum available, the greatest equalizer for the opposition to US forces is secure, two-way mobile communications. This is due to its inherent advantages as well as the capabilities such as networking that may be derived from it. Of lesser, but still significant benefit is satellite imagery. High resolution commercial imagery is not yet available on demand, but data as old as several years may still have utility when assessing non-mobile targets such as structures and runways. In contrast to these threats to US forces, the main danger to her industry stems from the limited accessibility of space. Launch segments endure excessive operating costs and high risks. Single failures can jeopardize corporate survival. Foreign companies have significantly lower stakes in this arena because many share the burden of launch expenses with tThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Power Microwaves
The conclusion of this study is that high power microwave technology is ready for the transition to active weapons in the U.S. military. It reviews various applications of high power microwave weapons in strategic and operational missions for the Air Force, considers the implications of the integration of microwave technology into operational weapons, and examines numerous constraints and challenges associated with the transition of new technologies and systems into the Air Force inventory. This study concludes that high power microwave weapons systems offer the prospect of significant offensive and defensive capabilities for all of the military services. The principal recommendations include the suggestion that the Department of Defense and the Air Force establish a High Power Microwave Systems Program Office for the purpose of developing these weapons and integrating them into the combatant commands. This systems program office should be a joint program office that involves the participa-tion of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps as well as other agencies. Only then will the U.S. military be able to maximize the development of microwave applications, minimize costs, and facilitate the transition of this unique technology to the military services and other government agencies. Not only should defense contractors be encouraged to develop the technical capabilities that would permit them to participate in microwave weapons programs, but this study also concludes that all U.S. military systems should be hardened to protect them against the effects of microwaves.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Pursuing the Hypersonic Solution
This paper attempts to reconcile this resurgence in interest with the long history of hypersonic disappointments by identifying potential hypersonic contributions to national power as well as establishing prerequisites for the next major hypersonic investment.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Impact of Weapon System Complexity on Systems Acquisition
This paper reviews the previous use of the term complexity with respect to weapon systems. It then moves past these dated inferences that weapon system complexity is merely a synonym for cost or technical challenge and establishes a formal definition of complexity based on the interactions between the entities comprising the system. Due to difficulties in direct measurement of interactions, an equation is introduced to calculate the theoretical maximum number of interactions and to use this as the measurement of complexity. Based on this definition, analysis of data for aircraft avionics and airborne reconnaissance sensors suggests convincingly that system complexity is indeed increasing exponentially. Increasing complexity can be linked to system development cost and schedule and production cost as previously inferred by at least some researchers. No single solution exists for addressing this trend of increasing complexity. Attempts can be made to either limit the amount of complexity of future weapon systems while still providing adequate performance increases or to better cope with complexity. In regard to the latter, it has been suggested that acquisition is analogous to Clausewitzian warfare in some key respects and that the cultivation of acquisition genius should be pursued in like manner to the cultivation of war genius.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Enhancing Battlespace Awareness for Tactical Ground Forces
There are many needs for enhanced battlespace awareness (BA) starting with the current ground warfighters' need for enhanced BA in the tactical environment and next from higher headquarters guidance and doctrine. Ground forces need improved BA to answer many tactical questions on the battlefield. Guidance from the President of the United States, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Joint Staff direct unified command responsibilities for military space, force transformation, and the evolution to more net-centric operations within military forces. In response to these needs, the Air Force is investing in new and transformational space-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. It is following a Command and amp; Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and amp; Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Flight Plan to build greater connectivity with Department of Defense networks. It is also following the path to greater net-centric warfare capabilities through the development of an initial ISR common relevant operational picture (CROP). However, as the Air Force makes these changes and investments in enhancing BA, AFSPC should take a more active role and increase its focus on the entire process of delivering space-based ISR capabilities to the warfighter. This includes championing military space-based ISR issues and increasing Air Force and Army cooperation and integration for the ground warfighter. In addition, the Air Force should take the initiative to use existing, demonstrated technologies to build a better ISR CROP that starts the evolution within the entire intelligence community to the next generation of the tasking, processing, exploiting, and disseminating (TPED) process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sleep Deprivation and Its Effect on Combat Effectiveness
This paper examines the effects of sleep loss on the combat effectiveness of the US Army's leaders and soldiers. It begins with an examination of US and Soviet doctrine for conducting continuous operations. This section discusses the doctrinal methods and procedures that both major powers employ to maintain continuous pressure on their opponent. After laying the theoretical groundwork, it then examines the changes that have occurred in tactical force design since World War II to determine what has been done to enhance or degrade our ability to execute that doctrine. After this discussion on the mechanical aspect of combat, the paper discusses the effects of sleep loss on units and the individual soldier. It concludes that the US Army currently has no doctrine for the conduct of combat over an extended period of time. Adequate doctrine has been provided for the conduct of operations in periods of both limited and unlimited visibility, but the doctrine necessary to transition to continuous operations is not available. Furthermore, recent changes in the force structure of our combat units (primarily Armor and Mechanized Infantry) have significantly reduced the redundancy and robustness in those units that is necessary to conduct continuous operations. During continuous operations our units will be affected by loss of sleep. Sleep deprivation affects the cognitive skills of our leaders greater than the physical skills of our soldiers. To fight the continuous operations that will be forced upon us by our opponent, we must prepare ourselves to combat the effects of sleep loss first.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
