Introduction to Fracture Mechanics
Introduction to Fracture Mechanics presents an introduction to the origins, formulation and application of fracture mechanics for the design, safe operation and life prediction in structural materials and components. The book introduces and informs the reader on how fracture mechanics works and how it is so different from other forms of analysis that are used to characterize mechanical properties. Chapters cover foundational topics and the use of linear-elastic fracture mechanics, involving both K-based characterizing parameter and G-based energy approaches, and how to characterize the fracture toughness of materials under plane-strain and non plane-strain conditions using the notion of crack-resistance or R-curves. Other sections cover far more complex nonlinear-elastic fracture mechanics based on the use of the J-integral and the crack-tip opening displacement. These topics largely involve continuum mechanics descriptions of crack initiation, slow crack growth, eventual instability by overload fracture, and subcritical cracking.
Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment
This book highlights recent efforts to sustain agricultural productivity in Tunisia under a stressed environment and aridity conditions. This book's authors gathered a unique set of applications and approaches, including techniques applied to increase yield and preserve the environment, such as organic farming and using biochar amendment and its effects on soils' physicochemical properties. This book also presents water resources management and water management practices for sustainable soil production, diagnosis, and new farming technologies to enhance water-use efficiency. The book also addresses current livestock strategies intended to maintain production sustainability, increase fish productivity, and initiatives for sustainable tourism development.Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for policy planners, decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers, and graduate students in Tunisia and neighboring countries with similarly stressed environmental conditions.
Functional Materials: Electrical, Dielectric, Electromagnetic, Optical and Magnetic Applications (Second Edition)
The field of functional materials has grown tremendously over the last 5-10 years, due to its richness in both science and applications. This timely compendium covers the science and applications of functional materials in a comprehensive manner that is suitable for readers that do not have background on the electrical, dielectric, electromagnetic, optical and magnetic properties of materials. Prior knowledge of quantum mechanics or solid state physics is also not required. Only a semester of introductory materials science suffices.This unique reference text is tutorial in style and includes numerous example problems, which are lacking in several competing books in the market.The must-have volume benefits undergraduate and graduate students in materials science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and aerospace engineering.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.3 Fashion
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
Environmental Management in China
Administrative Agencies for Environmental Management.- Environmental Planning.- Environmental Impact Assessment.- Three Synchronizations.- Emission Fee and Environmental Tax.- Liability System for Environmental Protection Objectives.- Emission Reporting and Registration System and Emission Permit System.- Centralization of Pollution Control.- Total emission cap.- Public Participation.- Environmental Information Disclosure.- The Red Line System of Ecological Protection.- Regional Linkage Mechanism of Pollution Prevention and Control.- Compensation on Ecological and Environmental Damage.- Cleaner Production.- Ecological Compensation.
Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania
Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies-Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques-to study land use and land cover conversion. With contributions from professors at the Mweka College of African Wildlife Management located at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro and other Tanzanian researchers, the book provides important perspectives of local experts and practitioners. Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania provides a significant contribution in research and technological advancement in the areas of wildlife conservation and protected land management throughout this critical region.
Battleship
The battleship reigned supreme at sea from the 1860s to the 1940s, the ultimate symbol of naval power and national pride, queen on the naval chessboard.As a result, strategy and battle tactics changed in response to the mounting of ever larger guns with greater range and penetrative power, and the development of threatening new weapon systems, particularly torpedoes, torpedo boats, mines and submarines.The author also explores the chilling reality of action with vivid descriptions of major naval battles including the Yalu in the first Sino-Japanese War, Tsushima in the Russo-Japanese War, Jutland in the First World War and many lesser known engagements.Battleship describes the evolution from the wooden man-of-war plated with iron armour to the great steel leviathan of the Second World War, and its ultimate displacement as arbiter of naval power by the aircraft carrier.Praise for Battleship: 'Well written and balanced in judgement and makes good use of the primary printed material in the Naval Library... Above all it deserves particular attention for its author's specialised knowledge of the development of naval gunnery and fire control' - Times Literary Supplement'With crisp scholarship, Peter Padfield traces the development of the battleship from sailing ships much like Nelson's which had been fitted with auxiliary steam engines and had iron armour hung on their sides, to the ultimate: the Japanese battleship, Yamato, a giant of more than 70,000 tons firing 18 inch shells more than 20 miles' - Books and BookmenPeter Padfield lives in Woodbridge, Suffolk. He worked with P&O and sailed with Alan Villiers in Mayflower II in commemoration of the journey of the Pilgrim Fathers. The Titanic and The Californian won him international recognition as a writer. He is also the author of classic biographies of Hess, Donitz and Himmler and has written widely on the sea, including a work on naval gunnery.
Photovoltaic Modules
Photovoltaic modules have developed into mass products sold in billions and applied all over the world enabling a renewable energy supply. Reliability and sustainability are key factors for the success of Photovoltaics in all climate zones. The second edition of this interdisciplinary book provides insight into relevant environmental aspects (climates), material and module testing equipment and approaches, service life prediction modelling and standardisation of wafer-based photovoltaic modules. The book also addresses recent research and developments on the sustainability assessment of photovoltaic modules including end of life measures and legislation.
Asphalt
La Brea Tar Pits once trapped prehistoric mammals. Today that killer has a chemical cousin in the Athabasca oil sands of Alberta, Canada--immense deposits of natural asphalt destined for upgrading to synthetic crude oil. If the harvesting of this natural asphalt continues unabated, we might find ourselves stuck in a muck of a different kind. Humanity has used asphalt for thousands of years. This humble hydrocarbon may have glued the first arrowhead to the first shaft, but the changes wrought by this material are most dramatic since its emergence as pavement. Since the 1920s the automobile and blacktop have allowed unprecedented numbers of Americans to experience the beauty of their continent from the Adirondacks to the Rockies and beyond, to Big Sur and the Pacific Coast Highway. Blacktop roads, runways, and parking lots constitute the central arteries of our environment, creating a distinct "political territory" and a "political economy of velocity." In Asphalt: A History Kenneth O'Reilly provides a history of this everyday substance. By tracing the history of asphalt--in both its natural and processed forms--from ancient times to the present, O'Reilly sets out to identify its importance within various contexts of human society and culture. Although O'Reilly argues that asphalt creates our environment, he believes it also eventually threatens it. Looking at its role in economics, politics, and global warming, O'Reilly explores asphalt's contribution to the history, and future, of America and the world.
Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete
Burgeoning global population has created an exigency for more infrastructures. Rubberized Geopolymer concrete is innovative; user and eco-benevolent invention in the field of building material which requires lesser energy with low Carbon footprint in manufacturing as compared to cement-based system mitigating global warming dilemma. It addresses the quandary of disposal of gargantuan rubber tires waste through incorporating it as partial replacement of natural fine aggregate in its production, thus, saves depleting natural mineral aggregates and safeguards against pollutions of air, water, soil and health hazards. Empirical evidences through lab experiments of diverse significant parameters of mechanical strengths, durability, and microstructures has been crafted. Under laboratory investigations, this innovative concrete has exhibited superb characteristics and hence, seems capable enough to offer itself as a viable, affordable, durable, sustainable, eco-friendly, fire-resistant, potentially promising building material for "To Live Green". This book will be useful to researchers and construction engineers looking for novel green building materials for structural applications.
Optimizing the Sustainability of a Residential Building in Kuwait
Reducing energy consumption in existing and new buildings in an economical fashion, while preserving health, productive, and good indoor air quality (IAQ) is the main concern for a country such as Kuwait. In summer, Kuwait reports having months with daily maximum temperatures averaging above 46 簞C, it's well beyond the hottest weather ever experienced in many other countries. Kuwait is facing an increase in energy consumption and the country is struggling to increase the electricity generating capacity in order to meet the high demand. The main objective of this work is to optimize building envelopes, windows and fenestration systems and energy efficiency ratio (EER) in order to decrease energy consumption. Another aim is to come up with optimum design for a residential building in Kuwait. The optimization technique uses Kuwait energy code as a basis, the multi-objective function is to minimize energy consumption and the cost of building materials. This approach is suitable for determination of optimum energy saving parameters in the residential building.Energy consumption of a Kuwaiti house was modeled with an energy simulation software.
Structural Characterisation of Natural and Industrial Porous Materials: A Manual
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Aims of this book 1.2 Porous materials 1.3 Characterisation science 1.4 What is a pore? 1.5 Void space descriptors 1.6 Structure Chapter 2: Gas sorption 2.1 Basic theory 2.2 Nature of experiment 2.3 What can I find out with this method? 2.4 Conclusions Chapter 3: Mercury porosimetry 3.1 Basic theory 3.2 Nature of experiment 3.3 What can I find out with this method? 3.4 Conclusions Chapter 4: Thermoporometry and Scattering 4.1 Thermoporometry 4.2 Scattering 4.3 Conclusions Chapter 5: NMR and microscopy methods 5.1 Theory of NMR and imaging techniques 5.2 Nature of experiments 5.3 What can I find out with these methods? Chapter 6: Hybrid methods 6.1 Background 6.2 Utilisation of network effects in pore characterisation 6.3 Combined mercury porosimetry and thermoporometry 6.4 Integrated gas sorption and mercury porosimetry 6.5 Combined MRI and gas sorption 6.6 Combined CXT and gas adsorption 6.7 Integrated NMR cryodiffusometry and relaxometry, combined with gas sorption 6.8 Combined CXT and liquid metal intrusion 6.9 Serial gas sorption with different adsorptives 6.10 Scattering methods and mercury porosimetry 6.11 Combined CXT, MRI and mercury porosimetry 6.12 Conclusions Chapter 7: Structural characterisation in absorbent and catalyst design 7.1 Special considerations for industrial materials 7.2 Relating pore structure to raw material properties and fabrication method 7.3 Relating mass transport to pore structure 7.4 Understanding product activity and selectivity 7.5 Conclusions Chapter 8: Structural characterisation in engineering geology 8.1 Special considerations for natural porous systems 8.2 Predicting permeability, reservoir producibility and bound volume index 8.3 Characterising multi-scale, hierarchical porous structures 8.4 Conclusions
Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering An exploration of materials processing and engineering technology across a wide range of medical applications The field of biomedical engineering has played a vital role in the progression of medical development technology. Biomedical Engineering: Materials, Technology, and Applications covers key aspects of the field--from basic concepts to advanced level research for medical applications. The book stands as a source of inspiration for research on materials as well as their development and practical application within specialized industries. It begins with a discussion of what biomedical engineering is and concludes with a final chapter on the advancements of biomaterials technology in medicine. Offers comprehensive coverage of topics, including biomaterials, tissue engineering, bioreceptor interactions, and various medical applications Discusses applications in critical industries such as biomedical diagnosis, pharmaceutics, drug delivery, cancer detection, and more Serves as a reference for those in scientific, medical, and academic fields Biomedical Engineering takes an interdisciplinary look at how biomedical science and engineering technology are integral to developing novel approaches to major problems, such as those associated with disease diagnosis and drug delivery. By covering a full range of materials processing and technology-related subjects, it shares timely information for biotechnologists, material scientists, biophysicists, chemists, bioengineers, nanotechnologists, and medical researchers.
Experimental Study on Geo-polymer Concrete With Fly Ash and Metakaolin as Source Materials
The book that's had the greatest influence on my thinking and writing. A must read, and if you enjoy the content on this site, you'll love Antifragile. Fantastic, one of Robert Greene's best. The idea of fearlessness is essential for individual success outside of a traditional path, and even within it. If you can master fearlessness and take control of your own destiny, there is no limit on what you can accomplish. Fantastic, one of Robert Greene's best. The idea of fearlessness is essential for individual success outside of a traditional path, and even within it. If you can master fearlessness and take control of your own destiny, there is no limit on what you can accomplish.
Corrosion and Fouling Control in Desalination Industry
This book addresses two critical problems that plague materials that make up components in both desalination and cooling water systems: corrosion, and fouling. The book addresses various types and components of industrial desalination technologies with solutions for controlling corrosion, scaling and biofouling. Issues unique to desalination systems, vital for the production of clean water, are considered as well. Green technologies are discussed throughout, along with environmental and economic considerations. The book presents solutions to the problems encountered by internal and external parts of these systems and will aid professionals that design, operate, and maintain them. It will be valuable to professionals in the materials, corrosion, electrochemical and wastewater industries, as well as chemical engineers.Addresses the corrosion issues facing the conventional and modern water desalination systems;Discusses the causes and remediation of problems caused by corrosion, scaling, and biofouling in water treatment;Offers green solutions, thereby minimizing environmental impact while increasing control and productivity of water systems;Suitable for professionals working with water desalination plants, materials scientists and corrosion engineers.
Health And Safety Risk Factors In The Construction Industry
For a construction project to be successful, the safety of the structures, as well as that of the personnel, is of utmost importance. The construction industry employs skilled and unskilled laborers subject to construction site accidents, and numerous health risks. A proper coordination between contractors, clients, and the labor workforce is needed for safe work conditions which are lacking in Kirinyaga construction companies. The importance of this study was to provide greater insight into a broader way the cause of accidents, institute preventive measures that can be undertaken to avoid injuries in construction projects, and help in the development of a safer work environment for all construction operations of Kirinyaga-Central, Kirinyaga County.
Water Governance and Management in India
1. Introduction2. Politics and management of groundwater 3. Role of irrigated agriculture for food security 4. On-farm water use efficiency 5. Basin-level modelling for macro-water management strategies 6. Urban water challenges 7. Enabling environment for building resilience and water security 8. Comprehensive industrial water usage
Environmental education from community approaches
One of the fundamental purposes of environmental education is to help individuals and communities to understand the complex nature of the environment and to acquire the knowledge, values and practical skills to participate responsibly and effectively in the prevention and solution of environmental problems and in the management of the quality of the environment.environmental education is key to understanding the existing relations between natural and social systems, as well as to achieving a clearer perception of the importance of socio-cultural factors in the genesis of environmental problems. Environmental education, understood in this way, can and should be a strategic factor that influences the established development model in order to reorient it towards sustainability and equity. - To make local communities responsible and committed to the processes of change and social transformation.
Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials III
This book covers the selection of nanocomposite supercapacitor materials. It describes the most important criteria behind the selection of materials for the electrode, electrolytes, separator and current collectors, which comprise the key components of supercapacitors for advanced energy storage. It discusses the influence on each material on the unique electrochemical properties of nanocomposite supercapacitors with respect to their energy storage mechanism and stability under extreme and unpredictable conditions.This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.
Prospects of Fresh Market Wastes Management in Developing Countries
This book focuses on the prospects of fresh market waste management in developing countries. It characterizes fresh market wastewater and solid wastes, and highlights the human health impact of corresponding waste management practices. With regard to treatment technologies, the book discusses the anaerobic digestion of fresh solid wastes; the application of natural coagulants for wastewater treatment; the remediation of xenobiotics in wastewater using nanotechnology; and biofilter aquaponic systems for nutrient removal. All of these technologies are recent innovations, offer several concrete advantages, and can be applied in developing countries as non-central treatment systems. In addition, the book covers electricity production from fresh solid wastes using microbial fuel cells, demonstrating the potential held by recycling fresh market wastewater and solid wastes.
Environmental Management
In the current age of science and technology, our lives have become dominated by countless scientific and technological innovations without which the earth would be a much poorer place. Life as we know would become absolutely bleak and boring without the inventions and advances being made all over the globe. In fact, scientific inventions, discoveries and innovations have ushered in a dramatic revolution in virtually every sphere of life. But at the same time, the skewed use of technology is at loggerheads with the environment. We, and our environment, now face a number of critical challenges and it is in response to this that we wrote this book to raise awareness for environmental issues and related management aspects. With a primary focus on Environmental Management - the rational reconciliation of man and nature, which involves the judicious exploitation and utilization of natural resources without disturbing the ecosystem's balance - it will thus help toimprove the relationship between man and environment. Moreover, it offers a wealth of ready-to-use material for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Environment and Water Management. The book systematically addresses a range of key aspects, e.g. scientific principles, methods and ideas, as well as life-long learning skills for students. Further, it provides a solid foundation for applying scientific approaches to environmental problems.
The Underwater World for Digital Data Transmission
This book covers all small details about Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN). Researchers can use this book as a prerequisite before starting any research on underwater networks or underwater applications. This book covers the introduction, challenges, different architectural models for UWSN, various attacks on UWSN, underwater applications, and networking layers. The target audience includes professors and students in engineering, and researchers and engineers working on marine applications. In academic level, the book is helpful for students having Networking and Information Security as elective subject and doing projects in Wireless Networks. It is also helpful for spostgraduates and Ph.D. researchers to learn basics of Underwater Sensor Networks.
Button
From Simon & Schuster, The Button is Daniel Ford's novel about the Pentagon's command and control system...and whether it works. Author of The Cult of the Atom, Daniel Ford's latest work, The Button, is a thrilling and chilling novel about the Pentagon's command and control system, and whether those systems in place actually work as they were originally designed.
Life Cycle Engineering and Management of Products
This book presents the role of life cycle engineering and life cycle management of products and services and their contributions to corporate environmental sustainability and the circular economy. It addresses the main techniques, tools, systems and practices for improving the environmental performance of business products and services throughout their life cycles. The book covers the main topics and concepts related to life cycle engineering and life cycle management applied to the business context. It presents the themes through basic and in-depth theories. In addition, all chapters provide examples of real and hypothetical case studies for discussion and assimilation of theoretical content and its contextualization in the real and practical business scenario. The chapters are complemented by quantitative exercises.
The Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Water, Energy and Food are the very basic necessities of human life and all the three of them are interconnected with each other, this connection being called the Water-Energy-Food nexus. Water is an inevitable element to energy and food systems to work. Water is essential for the growth of crops and produce energy and it consumes a lot of energy to treat and move water. Food and energy are equally dependent upon each other as well. This book highlights with various examples and case studies from around the World, the importance of this concept.
Nanotechnology in Medicine and Biology
Nanotechnology in Medicine and Biology brings together a multidisciplinary team of experts from the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, medicine and biomedical engineering to introduce new nanoscale biomaterials and their applications, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the human body. The book presents the fundamentals for understanding the design, properties and selection of nanobiomaterials as well as their real-world applications in medicine. Each chapter addresses current regulations, manufacturing processes, and translation issues of nanobiomaterials for key applications. A discussion of current protocols and their benefits and disadvantages is also included. This book provides comprehensive background and knowledge in the field of nanobiomaterials that is suitable for academics, scientists and clinicians.
Nanoelectronic Devices for Hardware and Software Security
This book has comprehensive coverage of the principles, basic concepts, structure, modelling, practices, and circuit applications of nanoelectronics in hardware/software security. It will also cover the future research directions in this domain.
Semiconductor Materials and Modelling for Solar Cells
The book presents a comprehensive survey about advanced solar cell technologies. Focus is placed on semiconductor materials, solar cell efficiency, improvements in surface recombination velocity, charge density, high ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity, modeling of solar cells etc. The book references 281 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Solar Cells, Thin Film Solar Cells, Solar Cell Efficiency, Semiconductor Materials, Surface Recombination Velocity, Charge Density, High UV Sensitivity, Heavily-doped Silicon Wafers, Amorphous Semiconductors, Nanocrystalline Semiconductors, Field Effect, Ferroelectric Semiconductors, Solar Cell Modelling.
Automotive Brake Disc Materials
The book reviews the current status of vehicle brake disc materials and technology. Topics covered include friction materials for braking systems, material characterization, mechanical properties, corrosion processes and methods for disc break investigations. The book references 158 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Braking Systems, Friction Materials, Car Braking Systems, Mathematical Models, Corrosion, Fractality, Cast Iron, Ceramic Thin Layers, Wear, Profilometry, Electro-Corrosion, Linear Potentiometry, Rainwater.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.2 Energy
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Slag by Pidgeon Process
Introduction.- Magnesium Smelting by Pigeon Process.- Magnesium Reducing Slag.- Harmless Research of Magnesium Slag.- Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Slag.
Scanning Probe Studies of Structural and Functional Properties of Ferroelectric Domains and Domain Walls
This thesis explores the fascinating properties of domain walls in ferroelectric materials. Domain walls can be used as model systems to study fundamental aspects of interface physics, such as crackling noise, with implications extending to a broad variety of systems, from material fracture and earthquakes to solar flares and collective decision making. Ferroelectric domain walls also show functional properties absent from the domains themselves, such as enhanced conduction leading to the tantalizing possibility of reconfigurable nanoelectronic circuitry where domain walls are active components. This work discusses the crackling physics of domain walls in thin films of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3, as well as links between the local conductivity of domain walls and nanoscale geometrical distortions due to defects, and discusses unusual polarization textures with rotational components at crossings of ferroelastic twin domains. The results presented in this thesis have important implications for the experimental study of crackling systems.
Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites
This book describes crucial aspects related to the additive and subtractive manufacturing of different composites. The first half of this book mainly deals with the various types of composite fabrication methods along with the introduction, features and mechanisms and also the processing of composite materials via additive manufacturing route. Also, the thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical properties relevant to the processing of composite materials are included in the chapters. The second half of this book primarily demonstrates an extensive section on the different types of additive manufacturing processes like selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling and material jetting used to fabricate the metals and polymers. Also, the chapters address the complete description of fabrication processes for metal matrix composites and polymer matrix composites. Moreover, the different methods adoptedsuch as short peening, micro-machining, heat-treatment and solution treatment to improve the surface improvement are well discussed. This book gives many helps to researchers and students in the fields of the additive and subtractive manufacturing of different composites.
Risk Assessment of Dams
This book offers a timely report on methods for risk assessment procedures for dams, with a special emphasis on dams with small storage dimensions. It starts by introducing all important definitions relating to dams, dam safety, such as the most common failure modes, and risks. In turn, it describes in detail the most important evaluation procedures for various failure modes such as piping, flood, earthquake and stability are described in this chapter. Consequence assessment procedures, together with the different steps of the risk evaluation process, are analyzed, providing a guide on how to identify the appropriate failure mode for the examined dam and setting up the appropriate safety plan. The book introduces the most common methods for predicting peak breach discharge, analyzing some relevant case studies. Upon comparing the findings obtained with the different methods, the book concludes with some general suggestions and ideas for future developments. This book fills an important gap between theoretical works and real-life problems being investigating in practical research studies on dam safety and risk management. It provides readers with the necessary knowledge on risk analysis and shows how to apply this in practice to carry out dam safety studies. It offers practical guidelines to set up risk assessment procedures for different failure modes and predicting failure parameters such as failure time, peak breach discharge and breach width.
Advances in Wastewater Treatment II
The book reviews advanced methods of wastewater treatments. Included are oxidation processes for the degradation of organic molecules; applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in membrane-based processes; design of adsorption columns; photocatalytic degradation processes; and the removal of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds.Keywords: Degradation of Organic Molecules, Nano Filtration, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Nanomaterial-based Membranes, Adsorption Columns, Nano Carbon Cage, Photocatalytic Degradation, Dyes, Pesticides, Pharmaceutical Compounds, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Complex Organic Molecules, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Hydrolytic Acidification, Levofloxacin Degradation, Catalytic Degradation, Energy Storage.
Materials for Solar Cell Technologies II
The book presents current R&D and new trends in the field of solar cell technologies. Topics covered include fabrication methods, various types of cell design, versatile applications of solar cells, PEDOT: PSS thermoelectric materials, transparent conducting electrodes, simulation models for solar photovoltaic materials, and hybrid materials for solar cells.Keywords: Optoelectronic Devices, PEDOT: PSS Materials, Nanomaterials, Transparent Electrodes, Hybrid Solar Cell Materials, Simulation Models, Solar Cell Design, Solar Cell Applications.
Mongolia and Northeast Asian Security
This book assesses Mongolia's position in the security calculus of Northeast Asia and presents the policy outlooks of major powers vis-a-vis the region, including the United States, Japan, China, Russia and India.
International Environmental Labelling Vol.2 Energy
This book is dedicated to the subject of environmental labels. The basis for the classification of its parts goes back to the types of environmental labelling according to the classification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. The idea of compiling this book came to the author's mind when it was observed that national environmental labelling models had been developed in most countries. This is, however, not the case everywhere; in many other countries, even the initial steps have not been taken.
Bionanotechnology
The book covers several important and unaddressed aspects of cells, biomacromolecules and their structures, along with interactions and roles in developing devices for applications in medicine, agriculture, and food sectors. It teaches the basic structures and interactions of biomacromolecules for developing biocompatible and eco-friendly d
Functional Polymer Blends and Nanocomposites
This book details original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine methodologies often unfamiliar to most readers. It also includes papers on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems. The book provides comprehensive coverage on the latest developments of research in the ever-expanding area of composite materials and their applications to broad scientific fields spanning physics, chemistry, biology, materials, and more.
Fractal Mechanics of Polymers
This new book explores the consideration of relationships that connect the structural and basic mechanical properties of polymeric mediums within the frameworks of fractal analysis with cluster model representations attraction. Incidentally, the choice of any structural model of medium or their combinations is defined by expediency and further usage convenience only. This book presents leading-edge research in this rapidly changing and evolving field. The book presents descriptions of the main reactions of high-molecular substances within the frameworks of fractal analysis and irreversible aggregation models. Synergetics and percolation theory were also used. In spite of the enormous number of papers dealing with the influence of the medium on the rate of chemical reactions (including synthesis of polymers), no strict quantitative theory capable of "universal" application has been put forward up until now. It is now possible to describe the relationship between the reaction rate constants and the equilibrium constants with the nature of the medium in which the reactions take place by means of a single equation. This important book for the first time gives structural and physical grounds of polymers synthesis and curing, and the fractal analysis is used for this purpose.This new book: - Highlights some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes- Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles- Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex polymeric materials
Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering
Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering sheds light on the area of the natural fiber textile composites with new research on their applications, the material used, the methods of preparation, the different types of polymers, the selection of raw materials, the elements of design the natural fiber textile polymer composites for a particular end use, their manufacturing techniques, and finally their life cycle assessments (LCA). The volume also addresses the important issue in the materials science of how to utilize natural fibers as an enhancement to composite materials. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been proven to provide a combination of superior mechanical property, dielectric property, and environmental advantages such as renewability and biodegradability. Natural fibers, some from agricultural waste products, can replace existing metallic and plastic parts and help to alleviate the environmental problem of increasing amounts of agriculture residual. The book is divided into four sections, covering: applications of natural fiber polymer composites design of natural fiber polymer composites composite manufacturing techniques and agriculture waste manufacturing composite material testing methods The first section of the book deals with the application of textile composites in the industry and the properties of the natural fibers, providing an understanding of the history of natural fiber composites as well as an analysis of the different properties of different natural fibers. The second section goes on to explain the textile composites, their classification, different composite manufacturing techniques, and the different pretreatment methods for the natural fibers to be used in composite formation. It also analyzes the composite material design under different types of loading and the mechanism of failure of the natural fiber composite. The effect of the fiber volume fraction of different textile structures is explained. The third section of the book, on composite manufacturing techniques and agriculture waste manufacturing, concerns the natural fiber composite manufacturing techniques, agricultural waste, and the methods of their preparation to be used successfully in the composite, either in the form of fibers particles or nanoparticles. The book then considers the testing methods of the different composite components as well as the final composite materials, giving the principle of the testing standards, either distractive or nondestructive. This book attempts to fill the gap between the role of the textile engineer and the role of the designer of composites from natural fibers. It provides important information on the application of textile composites for textile engineers, materials engineers, and researchers in the area of composite materials.
Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource available for agricultural production, enhance food security, and scale down land tenure problems. This book discusses the causes and the environmental impact of heavy metal contamination. It then explores many exciting new methods of analysis and decontamination currently studied and applied in the field today.
Tribologie Polymerbasierter Verbundwerkstoffe
Die derzeitige Entwicklung der Hochtechnologie ist gepr瓣gt durch steigende Anforderungen an die Leistungsf瓣higkeit, Zuverl瓣ssigkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Flexibilit瓣t technischer Produkte. Eine Schl羹sselrolle dabei spielt die Beherrschung tribologischer Prozesse und in diesem Sinne die funktionsintegrative Entwicklung neuartiger, tribologisch optimierter, Kunststoffe bzw. polymerbasierter Verbunde sowie zugeh繹riger Bauweisen und Technologien.
Additives in Polymers
Additives are selected depending on the type of polymers to which they will be added or the application for which they will be used. The appropriate selection of additives helps develop value-added plastics with improved durability as well as other advantages. This research book provides a range of modern techniques and new research on the use of additives in a variety of applications. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists, and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics.The informative chapters are the work of researchers at the Department of Polymers and Composite Materials at the prestigious Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences.
The Chemistry and Physics of Engineering Materials
This volume presents leading-edge research from around the world on modern analytic methodologies in the chemistry and physics of engineering materials that have potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods. The collection of topics in this volume reflects the diversity of recent advances in chemistry and physics of engineering materials and provides a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. Topics in the book include- methods for the quality of gas-filled polymer materials- radiometric measurements deposits of surface water- hydrophobic material-supported platinum catalysts- concepts of the physical chemistry of polymers in technologies and environmental protection- application-able radicals for the study of behavior of biological systems- surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles for cell labeling- sorption of industrial dyes by inorganic rocks from aqueous solutions- various method for steel surface modification- recent advances in fire retardant composites- much more This volume is also sold as part of a two-volume set. Volume 2 focuses on the limitations, properties, and models of engineering materials.
Advanced Nanomaterials
A collection of highly selected, peer-reviewed chapters, this book showcases the research of an international roster of scientists. It covers nanomaterials with emphasis on synthesis, characterization, and applications. It also presents emerging developments in nanotechnology in areas as diverse as medicine, energy, electronics, and agriculture. In addition to engineering aspects, the book discusses the physics, chemistry and biotechnology behind the fabrication and device designing.
Mechanical and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Modified Materials
Understanding chemical and solid materials and their properties and behavior is fundamental to chemical and engineering design. With some of the world's leading experts describing their most recent research, this book describes the procedures for material selection and design to ensure that the most suitable materials for a given application are identified from the full range of materials, chemicals, and section shapes available. Several case studies have been developed to further illustrate procedures and to add to the practical implementation of the text.
