Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
This book mainly focuses on Undergraduate students to understand the basic concept of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). "Introduction to Wireless Sensor Network " Book Explain various concepts and terminologies used in WSN. Describe importance and use of radio communication and link management in WSN. Explain various wireless standards and protocols associated with WSN . Recognize importance of localization and routing techniques used in WSN . Understand techniques of data aggregation and importance of security in WSN . Examine the issues involved in design and deployment of WSN.
Sustainable Energy Production Using Solid Materials
This textbook focuses on sustainable energy production using solid materials. With explanatory tables and figures, case studies, worked-out examples, and up-to-date bibliographies of other works, the book provides an in-depth exploration of the most innovative aspects of the field.Readers of the book will gain critical skills in characterizing and reacting to biomass, including the formation of pollutants, as well as using fluidized bed reactors for heterogeneous processes. The book also explores innovative methods for mitigating the greenhouse effect, reusing ashes as adsorbents or in cement production, and thermochemical solar energy storage. This book will give students, novice researchers, and industry professionals valuable insights and knowledge into the sustainable production of energy using solid materials.
Hybrid Power Cycle Arrangements for Lower Emissions
Hybrid Power Cycle Arrangements for Lower Emissions is an edited book that explores the state-of-the-art for creating effective hybrid power cycles for power generation with lower emission while utilizing different energy sources. The book details energetic and exergetic studies for improving system design and performance of hybrid power cycle arrangements. Chapters in the book provide a systematic approach to the integration and operation of different thermal power cycles with renewable energy sources.The book brings together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to present their recent and ongoing research and development activities concerning the advancement of hybridization of different conventional and unconventional energy sources to produce efficient and clean energy systems. The book chapters present a range of ongoing research and development activities, challenges, constraints, and opportunities in both theoretical as well as application aspects of several hybrid technologies for power generation. Several issues such as hybridization of different energy sources, availability, environmental impacts, and power cycle integration are addressed in-depth, making this collection a worthy repository for those working in the field of the power cycles.
Advances in Environmental Engineering Research in Poland
A side-effect of numerous anthropogenic activities involves unfavourable changes in the natural environment. The acquisition of natural resources, especially fossil fuels, solid waste and wastewater production, as well as emission of gases and particulate matter from industrial plants and means of transport contribute to disturbances in the natural cycles of elements between different parts of the environment. Local changes lead to global effects, changing the composition of atmosphere, its capacity for absorbing the infrared radiation and temperature, which has further repercussions in the form of weather anomalies, melting glaciers, flooding, migration or extinction of species, social problems, etc. These global changes can be mitigated by local remedial actions, simultaneously taken all over the world, including Poland. Only the joint efforts of communities from different countries can be successful in preserving the world as we know it for the future generations. Realisation of this task requires the cooperation of experts across many fields of science, environmental engineering being one of most relevant. It comprises the engineering actions taken to preserve the balance of the natural environment or restore it if degradation has occurred. This monograph presents several key issues related to the actions aimed at mitigating the negative impact on the environment connected with the acquisition and transport of energy, management of municipal and industrial wastes, as well as the impact of the industry on the aquatic and soil environment. This book is dedicated to academics, engineers, and students involved in environmental engineering, who are following the advances in the research on environmental aspects of energy production and waste management.
Biomass, Bioproducts and Biofuels
Due to its depletion and the environmental damage it causes, hydrocarbons are being replaced by energy from renewable sources. One such form of energy source is Biomass. Biomass is a renewable raw material generated by living organisms and found in agricultural waste in large quantities. The three main components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The first two components are sugar polymers, being cellulosic ethanol a desirable goal for converting those. The truth is that the production of cellulosic ethanol has never passed the pilot unit phase, due to the lack of economic competitiveness. New ways must be found to make this viable. From the latest finding of the biomass structure, new biomass processing pathways are being advanced, constituting new biorefinery models, which will make it possible to obtain cellulosic ethanol concomitant with the production of different bioproducts such as xylitol, oligosaccharides, antioxidants and analogues to carbon fiber, etc. Lipid rich biomass is the source of foods oils. With population growth, the amounts of waste volume will increase. It is important to improve the processes of valorization of these residues, through their conversion into alcoholic esters of fatty acids, which can be used as fuel or in other domestic and industrial applications.This volume reviews advances and innovative applications in this field. It will encourage the use of new works and even unpublished works to use biomass or its components for the production of bioproducts and biofuels.
Water Storage and Rainwater Harvesting
A SIMPLE, HANDS-ON, STEP-BY-STEP SUSTAINABLE LIVING GUIDEIf you're tired of DIY projects that feel like solving a complex puzzle or navigating a maze of uncertainty, then this book is for you. No intricate calculations, no perplexing decisions - just a clear, step-by-step path to transform your home into a self-sufficient oasis of pure, harvested rainwater, where sustainability meets simplicity. Get ready for a journey where clarity reigns and success is measured by the ease of your endeavors.Are you aware that rainwater is considered the best and safest of waters to drink? Have you always wondered about rainwater and how to install a system to provide your home with clean, unchlorinated water? Are you concerned about costs, regulations, calculations, and installation complications?In this comprehensive manual, you will discover the untapped potential of rainwater harvesting and how to utilize this resource for practical water storage and professional end-use setup. This fully illustrated manual is perfect for individuals new to DIY, delving into the art and science of water conservation. It offers practical insights and step-by-step instructions to assist you in creating a reliable rain harvesting system.Inside, you'll find: Do we need calculations?: We provide practical solutions that work without the need for any calculations. For the mathematically inclined, the option of calculating your tank size and rainfall probability in your area is also included.Installation: Detailed and illustrated installation guides.What to Buy: Complete material and equipment list needed for every installation.Government Regulations: A general guide to determine legalities and to look for financial incentives in your area.Optimized End-Use System: Determine the end-use of your system to establish the optimal setup.Complete Rain Harvesting Systems: Maximize your roof space to create a comprehensive rainwater harvesting system tailored to your needs. Learn how to utilize your rainwater to provide for livestock, such as chickens.Technical Mastery: Dive into the technical aspects, calculations, and maintenance essential for optimizing water collection and utilization.Gutter Choice and Installation: A discussion around the available gutters, their pros and cons, and how to install them.Tank Setup: Explore different tank types and receive expert guidance on efficient tank setup, from small barrels to large cisterns for farms.Pumps and Filters: Navigate the world of water transportation with insights into selecting the right pumps and filters for optimal functionality.Plumbing Basics: Many home improvement projects involve plumbing aspects, such as installing a new downspout, replacing a bulkhead fitting, or adding a pump. Having plumbing knowledge allows DIY enthusiasts to undertake these projects efficiently and effectively.Extreme Weather: Awareness of the weather allows you to predict future rain events. Rainwater isn't just a solution for emergency needs; it's a valuable resource for irrigation, supporting livestock, and maintaining a clean environment. Once tested and deemed fit for drinking, rainwater becomes a sustainable source for human consumption.This Book Will Equip You To: Harvest rainwater efficiently from your roof.Transport it to a reliable storage system.Provide you with the technical know-how to design and maintain your very own rainwater harvest system.Whether you're passionate about water conservation or contemplating the installation of water tanks, gutters, pipes, and pumps, this guide is your key to making informed and practical decisions. If water efficiency and emergency preparedness matter to you, then this is your essential guide to mastering the science of rainwater harvesting.
Safe Drinking Water for the Immunocompromised
Immunocompromised persons are more vulnerable than the general population to contaminants in drinking water and include persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, cancer survivors, transplant recipients, individuals with HIV/AIDS or other immune disorders, some elderly, infants, and pregnant mothers. Safe Drinking Water for the Immunocompromised provides information about safe drinking water choices for the immunocompromised community, pregnant mothers, and the medical professionals from whom they seek advice. The book serves as a primer on drinking water regulations, water chemistry, as well as the terminology used to describe water contaminants, and includes a glossary that explains the terms and concepts in a straightforward manner.- Offers a science-based rationale for the acceptable level of a contaminant and sources of drinking water that meet or exceed these levels.- Presents and explains numerous contaminants of concern found in water.- Explains the different types of purification for bottled water, including reverse osmosis, distillation, and deionization.
Energy-Based Models with Applications to Speech and Language Processing
Energy-Based Models (EBMs) are an important class of probabilistic models, also known as random fields and undirected graphical models. EBMs are un-normalized and thus radically different from other popular self-normalized probabilistic models such as hidden Markov models (HMMs), autoregressive models, generative adversarial nets (GANs) and variational auto-encoders (VAEs). Over the past years, EBMs have attracted increasing interest not only from the core machine learning community, but also from application domains such as speech, vision, natural language processing (NLP) and so on, due to significant theoretical and algorithmic progress. The sequential nature of speech and language also presents special challenges and needs a different treatment from processing fix-dimensional data (e.g., images). Therefore, the purpose of this monograph is to present a systematic introduction to energy-based models, including both algorithmic progress and applications in speech and language processing. First, the basics of EBMs are introduced, including classic models, recent models parameterized by neural networks, sampling methods, and various learning methods from the classic learning algorithms to the most advanced ones. Then, the application of EBMs in three different scenarios is presented, i.e., for modeling marginal, conditional and joint distributions, respectively. 1) EBMs for sequential data with applications in language modeling, where the main focus is on the marginal distribution of a sequence itself; 2) EBMs for modeling conditional distributions of target sequences given observation sequences, with applications in speech recognition, sequence labeling and text generation; 3) EBMs for modeling joint distributions of both sequences of observations and targets, and their applications in semi-supervised learning and calibrated natural language understanding. Lastly, several open-source toolkits are introduced to help readers get familiar with the techniques for developing and applying energy-based models.
Applications of Essential Oils in the Food Industry
Applications of Essential Oils in the Food Industry delivers detailed information on the application of essential oils derived from underutilized crops and herbs for the development, preservation, and safety of food products. The book covers post-harvest fruits and vegetables and their adjuvant and plasticizers when applied as an edible coating, as well as their mechanism of action as preservatives for foods, such as fish, meats, and yogurts. The book highlights the use of essential oils as anti-microbials, bio-preservatives, and antioxidants, and also examines their effectiveness against several food borne pathogens and in enhancing the aroma of food products.
Energy 2040
Access to energy is essential for our daily lives, economic growth, environment, and sustainability. However, our use of fossil fuels has contributed to global climate change, which poses a significant threat to society and life on this planet. Yet, it has been challenging to reconcile the perceived conflict between economics and climate change, which has created deep divisions in our society. ENERGY 2040: Aligning Innovation, Economics, and Decarbonization provides a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the ongoing energy transition and its underlying causes. It presents a viable path to meet the energy, economic, and climate goals by weaving together science, technology, economics, policy, entrepreneurship, and geopolitics. The book presents a captivating narrative that brings together a range of topics, including new and disruptive technologies with steep learning rates, the challenges of the future power grid, the democratization of energy, and reducing the timeline from science to impact at scale. It also explores the complex role of scientific research, disruptive deep tech, entrepreneurship, and policy in accelerating this energy transformation. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the future of energy. Whether you're a scientist, energy-industry practitioner, policymaker, investor, student, or concerned citizen, this book offers critical insights into the complex and evolving world of energy, innovation, decarbonization, and climate change.
Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development
This book constitutes the refereed post proceedings of the First International Conference on Renewable Energy, Green Computing, and Sustainable Development, REGS 2023, held in Hyderabad, India, during December 22-23, 2023. The 15 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 133 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence; Modelling and Methods of Green Computing; Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Technologies and Communications and Signal Processing.
Electric Vehicle with Switched Reluctance Motor
The advent of electric vehicles (EVs) has spurred a technological revolution in the automotive industry, with engineers constantly seeking innovative solutions to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and performance. Among these solutions, the integration of Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) has emerged as a promising avenue. SRMs offer distinct advantages over traditional motors, leveraging the principle of magnetic reluctance to drive motion. Unlike permanent magnet motors, SRMs utilize the magnetic reluctance of the rotor and stator to generate torque, making them inherently robust and fault-tolerant. This characteristic renders SRMs particularly suitable for automotive applications where reliability and durability are paramount. Additionally, SRMs excel in high-speed operations, providing EVs with superior acceleration capabilities while maintaining energy efficiency. Furthermore, the simplified construction of SRMs facilitates cost-effective manufacturing and maintenance, aligning with the automotive industry's drive towards sustainability and affordability. The versatility of SRMs also enables seamless integration with various EV architectures, offering flexibility in design and optimization. As the automotive sector continues to transition towards electrification, the utilization of SRMs in EVs represents a pivotal advancement, promising enhanced performance, reliability, and sustainability for the future of transportation.
Emergency Management Threats and Hazards
Emergency Management Threats and Hazards: Water is a resource guidebook, which bridges the work of the emergency management practitioners and academic researchers, specifically for water-related incidents. Practitioners typically follow a disaster phase cycle of preparedness/protection/prevention, response, recovery, and mitigation - all of which have distinct actions and missions to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts from both threats and hazards. Academics will find the connections to allied fields such as meteorology, hydrology, homeland security, healthcare, and more. The book examines many of the distinct differences and variances within the specific scope of water-related incidents, crises, emergencies, and disasters. It provides examples and practical strategies for protection/prevention, response, recovery, and mitigation against adverse impacts to people, property, and organizations. It is also organized in the same construct used by emergency management practitioners (incident command system elements, disaster cycle phases, etc.), which will help align the academic world of emergency management education to both the practice and the training in the emergency management field. Takes a global view on threats and hazards, as well as their solutions. Provides a single repository of the majority of water-related incidents and provides a "how to" guide for resilience. Identifies cascading impacts and provides checklists for resolutions. Includes numerous case studies organized by threat and hazard. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http: //www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Water Survival Guide
"Water Survival Guide: Mastering the Essence of Life" - Unleash Your Water Wisdom in the Wilderness and Beyond Are you ready to conquer one of nature's most vital resources? "Water Survival Guide" isn't just a book; it's your essential toolkit in a world where water is both a lifeline and a challenge. Whether you're an outdoor enthusiast, a survivalist, or someone seeking independence from the grid, this guide transforms the way you interact with the element that is the essence of life: water.Discover Hidden Hydration Secrets: Unearth the art of detecting invisible aqua veins in diverse landscapes. Transform into a water whisperer, capable of unveiling nature's concealed springs and dewy treasures.Purify to Perfection: Learn to navigate the murky waters of purification with ease. Equip yourself with the knowledge to transform the most unassuming water sources into a crystal-clear elixir of health.Store & Sustain: Dive deep into innovative methods for storing your liquid gold. From time-tested techniques to futuristic approaches, ensure every drop you collect remains pristine and life-sustaining.Thrive in the Thirsty Terrain: Whether in arid deserts or humid rainforests, adapt your water strategies to thrive. Master the art of water conservation and become a steward of this precious resource.A Global Guide: Your journey through "Water Survival Guide" isn't confined to a single terrain. Traverse the globe through its pages, learning how different cultures and environments have conquered the water challenge.Educate & Empower: Beyond practical tips, immerse yourself in the fascinating science and history intertwined with water. From its role in ancient civilizations to its critical place in the modern world, water's tale is as deep as the oceans.Transformative Knowledge: This isn't just about surviving; it's about thriving. Equip yourself with skills that extend beyond the wilderness - into your daily life, communities, and future generations.Embrace the calling of the wild, the thirst for knowledge, and the quest for sustainability. "Water Survival Guide" isn't just a book; it's a manifesto for all water warriors out there.
The Role of Intermediaries in Inclusive Water and Sanitation Services for Informal Settlements in Asia and the Pacific
In the Asia and Pacific region, accessing clean water and sanitation is a constant challenge for residents of informal settlements. Informal service providers, or intermediaries, have emerged in response to this significant essential service gap. This publication examines good practices particularly those involving intermediaries--social enterprises, the private sector, and nongovernment organizations--in delivering water and sanitation services in informal settlements, and their potential for expansion. It presents case studies from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines. The learning is intended to encourage governments, water supply and sanitation utilities, and development financing institutions to incorporate intermediary service providers as valuable partners in large-scale, sustainable investments in water and sanitation service delivery.
Arduino Audio Projects
How to make many different types of audio displays using an Arduino with LED's, LCD's, Addressable LED's, and LED panels. Then you can add some MSGEQ7's to create audio spectrum analyzers on all of those displays.
Friction Stir Welding and Processing
A single source of information on the fundamental concepts and latest research applications of friction stir welding and processing Friction Stir Welding and Processing: Fundamentals to Advancements provides concise yet comprehensive coverage of the field of friction stir welding, with an eye toward future research directions and applications. Throughout the book, case studies provide real-world context and highlight applications for various engineering sectors. With contributions from an array of leaders in the field, Friction Stir Welding and Processing provides readers with a single source of information on all aspects of FSW and FSP. After explaining the fundamentals of friction stir welding (FSW) and its variants, the book discusses composite fabrication techniques using friction stir processing (FSP). Different types of friction techniques are covered, as is the equipment used. Detailed characterization of samples and composites are included. Additional topics discussed include the impact of FSW on the economics of production, methods for coupling FSW/FSP with additive manufacturing, composite fabrication, and process-property relationships. Master the basic concepts of friction stir welding and its variants Discover the role of FSW in developing hybrid manufacturing techniques Follow case studies that connect theoretical concepts to real-world experimental results Learn from contributions from an array of global thought leaders in the field This is a valuable compendium on the topic for engineers and designers who utilize welding and advanced manufacturing across industries, as well as graduate students and post-graduate researchers who are exploring new friction stir welding applications.
Structural Dynamics in Engineering Design
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN World-class authors describe and illustrate how structural dynamics is applied to the engineering design process Structural Dynamics in Engineering Design covers the fundamentals of structural dynamics and its application to the engineering design process, providing all of the necessary information to implement an optimal design process. Each of its seven chapters is written by an expert in the field and provides the reader with the structural dynamic theoretical background and its more practical aspects for the implementation of an advanced design capability. The first three chapters are dedicated to the underlying theory of the three main processes: the fundamentals of vibration theory, the basis of experimental dynamics and the main numerical analysis tools (including reference to the finite element method). Having laid the foundation of the design philosophy, the following three chapters present the reader with the three disciplines of identification, nonlinear analysis and validation/updating. The final chapter presents some applications of the approach to real and complex engineering cases. Key features: Takes a multi-disciplinary approach and contains critical information on theory, testing and numerical analysis for structural dynamics. Includes a chapter on industrial applications (including aircraft design and ground vibration testing), which illustrates the design process and explains how structural dynamics is applied at different stages. The book is a must-have for researchers and practitioners in mechanical and aerospace engineering (in particular test engineers, CAE analysts and structural dynamicists), as well as graduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering departments.
The Costs of Climate Change Mitigation Innovations
The notion that humanity may be too late to alter climate change could potentially lead to fear and therefore the advocacy of implementing radical strategies and/or hastening the execution of certain measures to the extreme. There is evidence that extensive and intensive implementation of some climate change solutions can significantly alter the environment and ecosystems in unintended ways. For example, the microclimate of a field in the proximity and downstream of a closely packed array of wind turbines can be noticeably altered by the modified lower atmospheric fluxes caused by the turbines, which can then negatively affect crop yields. Additionally, some studies have found that large-scale solar fields can result in the modulation of atmospheric circulation, leading to changes in regional precipitation. The Costs of Climate Change Mitigation Innovations: A Pragmatic Outlook provides a forum for discussion on the long-term consequences of various climate strategies. It promotes our striving toward minimizing the potential negative impact of new interventions by performing objective, holistic analyses. The bottom line is that we do not want today's solutions to become tomorrow's problems.
Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications
In the dynamic landscape of technological advancements, the pervasive influence of wireless sensor networks has emerged as a cornerstone in reshaping how we perceive and interact with our environment. This book, "Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications," represents an invaluable compendium crafted to illuminate the multifaceted realm of sensor networks. From their inception to their present-day multifarious applications, this book serves as a comprehensive guide navigating the intricate terrain of wireless sensor networks, offering insights into their design, functionalities, and diverse applications across industries. In this volume, readers will embark on a journey delving into the fundamental principles underlying wireless sensor networks, exploring the intricacies of their architectures, communication protocols, energy management systems, and the innovative methodologies driving their deployment in an array of fields. Moreover, this book endeavors to bridge the theoretical underpinnings of sensor networks with their real-world implementations, presenting case studies and practical examples that illustrate their transformative impact on healthcare, environmental monitoring, smart cities, agriculture, and beyond. Embracing both the novice and the seasoned enthusiast, "Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications" aims to be a beacon, shedding light on the present landscape and future horizons of this transformative technology.
Chemical Changes in Lipid After Heat Treatment of The Meat
Meat is a rich source of lightly-digestible proteins, fats, and minerals. The meat contains all the necessary nutrients in an appropriate ratio for maximum utilization by the human organism, and as a result, the meat is characterized by high digestibility of 96% and utilization of 98%, thus bringing meat into a high biological food product and nutritional value. The meat as a food game is characterized by its specific sensory characteristics, which are produced during ripening, fattening and heat treatment. On the basis of the performed tests for chemical changes in fat after the heat treatment of pork and white chicken meat, the heat of cooking for pork meat was found to be 32%, fried in sunflower oil up to 43.80% fried in a mixture of pig fat and sunflower oil, white white chicken meat is 31.8% fried in palm fat and sunflower oil up to 44.0% fried in pig fat. After the heat treatment of meat in different types and combinations of fats, there are changes in their fatty acid composition, resulting in the formation of new fatty acids under the influence of temperature, the extraction of fat from the meat and the interaction of fatty acids from fat, meat and high temperature in the heat processing. The obtained results from the tests carried out for chemical changes in fats after the heat treatment of the meat will contribute greatly to the changes in the fatty acid composition of the fat before and after the thermal treatment of the meat, as well as the changes in the mass of the meat after the thermal treatment.
Innovation in Pmbok Through Industrial Revolution 4.0
In this textbook for upper-undergraduate and postgraduate students, Dr Ali and colleagues provide the reader with information on the effect of Industrial Revolution 4.0 on the construction industry, particularly regarding PMBOK knowledge areas.The authors furnish readers with an understanding of IR 4.0 and reasons for adopting it and provide an in-depth insight into the impact of IR 4.0 on technology and society, particularly in the construction industry. Further to this, they also compare traditional and IR 4.0 project manager's competencies so that readers can develop their understanding of Project Management Knowledge areas and how IR 4.0 can be used to enhance these knowledge areas. The book is structured logically and sequentially to benefit even novice readers as they progress from basic to more advanced topics related to IR 4.0 and PMBOK. The final main chapter of this book provides an in-depth discussion of the enhancement of PMBOK knowledge areas using IR 4.0, including topics such as project integration management, IR 4.0 enhancements such as digitalization, and a conceptual framework for industry betterment. By the end of the book, readers will have the knowledge and skills to apply IR 4.0 techniques in their future careers in the construction industry.This book is an invaluable resource for students of construction engineering and management at upper-undergraduate and postgraduate levels and for existing industry professionals as part of their continuous professional development.
Advanced Topics in Power Systems Analysis
Electric Power Systems Analysis is one of the most challenging courses in the Electric Power Engineering major which is taught to junior students. Its complexity arises from numerous prerequisites, a wide array of topics, and a crucial dependence on computational tools, presenting students with significant challenges.This book serves as a continuation of our previous book, Fundamentals of Power Systems Analysis 1: Problems and Solutions, specifically delving into advanced topics in power systems analysis.The structure of the Advanced Topics in Power Systems Analysisis as follows: Economic Load Dispatch, Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Short Circuits, Transient Stability Analysis, Power System Linear Cintrols, and Key Concepts in Power System Analysis, Operation, and Control.The structure of the Fundamentals of Power System Analysis 1 is as follows: Introduction to the Power System, Transmission Line Parameters, Line Model and Performance, and Power Flow Analysis.In brief, advantages associated with delving into both books are as follows: A variety of tests to prepare for employment exams. Electrical engineers practicing power system analysis can find almost everything they need. This book contains both difficult and easy problems and solutions. Readers have the capability to solve problems presented in this book solely using a calculator, without dependence on computer-based software. This book provides power systems concepts through studying two-choice questions. In the end, we had a great time in writing this book, and we truly hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed creating it!
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide has great importance as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and as a carbonic acid system in water. Since the CO2 in the two spheres of air and water is connected by gas exchange, these spheres cannot be considered separately. The basics of the systems are covered, the role as a greenhouse gas, the carbon cycles, and the solution in water. The carbonic acid system in water and the importance of lime are presented in detail. The occurrence in the natural water cycle as well as in raw waters for drinking water treatment and the corresponding treatment processes for drinking water are also described. Sample calculations for the aqueous phase supplement the theoretical considerations. The required constants are attached in tables. Chemical fundamentals are presented in brief in conclusion.
Thomas Andrews, Shipbuilder
Thomas Andrews, Shipbuilder, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of Naval science, Naval architecture, Shipbuilding, Marine engineering
Jet Sense
Embark on an exciting aviation journey with Jet Sense, Zarir's groundbreaking book that unveils the intricacies of commercial aircraft design. This work offers an enlightening perspective for aviation enthusiasts and industry professionals.Explore the heart of aircraft design, where market demands shape every curve and detail. Zarir's expertise guides you through the art of compromise, creating aircraft that excel in both function and market appeal.What sets Jet Sense apart is its unwavering focus on the interplay of geometry and integration. From wing design to landing gear integration and more. This book doesn't just analyze - it guides, helping you navigate the complex world of jet transport design.Discover Zarir's innovative approach to initial sizing, tailored for commercial aircraft. Bid farewell to one-size-fits-all solutions and welcome a design philosophy aligned with market needs. Whether you're in single-aisle workhorses or long-haul twin-aisle giants, Jet Sense is your essential companion.Zarir's wealth of meticulously gathered data ensures you work with trusted solutions. Jet Sense is your ultimate resource for commercial aircraft design, a must-have for every designer. Whether you're a pilot, aviation executive, enthusiast, or aerospace professional, prepare for an engaging read that demystifies the secrets of aviation design. Enjoy the journey!"Jet Sense focuses on commercial aircraft. It is not an introductory aircraft design book covering all types of aircraft. But for commercial aircraft designers, this should be on every designer's desk."- Scott Eberhardt Ph.D., Aerospace Consultant and Author of Understanding Flight.
Lithium and Nickel Contamination in Plants and the Environment
This edited volume brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lithium and nickel contamination of soil and plants. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches and case studies from different parts of the world.This book is a valuable resource to students, academicians, researchers, and environmental professionals who are doing field work on lithium and nickel contamination throughout the world.
Aerospace Engineering
Aerospace Engineering by Dr. Lex Hubbard is a comprehensive guide that explores the fascinating world of aerospace engineering, covering topics such as aerodynamics, materials and structures, propulsion systems, flight dynamics, avionics and navigation systems, spacecraft design, and more. Packed with historical insights and contemporary technological advancements, this book gives readers a deep understanding of the field, making it an essential resource for aerospace engineering students.
Road Map to Scale Up Solar Irrigation Pumps in Bangladesh (2023-2031)
This road map shows how Bangladesh can swap diesel irrigation pumps for solar powered systems to reduce fuel imports, increase farmers' incomes, and support the country's clean energy transition.
Circular Economy Applications for Water Security
In arid and semi-arid regions, where water demand exceeds water availability, water security is becoming a significant concern not only related to water availability but also to rigorous and costly requirements to remove conventional and emerging contaminants from effluents discharging into drinking water sources or as water reuse becomes an alternate water supply for communities in these regions. Water and wastewater treatment demands a great amount of energy and resources, highlighting the need for novel applications of the circular economy concept. Circular Economy Applications for Water Security examines knowledge gaps, avenues of future research, and challenges related to the potential of enhanced underutilized/waste materials as a transition to circular economy applications for ensuring the proper quality of water. This book includes fundamental information and practical examples that helps to better understand the concepts included. The circular economy concept is helpful to incept sustainability in the water treatment processes. Every chapter includes the identification of knowledge gaps, avenues for further research, and challenges that guide readers towards real state-of-the-art analysis. Contributors are experts in their areas and will commit to explaining concepts in a user-friendly way without missing scientific rigor.
Solar Photovoltaic System Modelling and Analysis
This book outlines the global opportunity to increase solar photovoltaic (PV) plant energy yields through modelling and analysis.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Population growth and industrial development have increased the amount of wastewater generated by urban areas, and one of the major problems facing industrialized nations is the contamination of the environment by hazardous chemicals. Therefore, to meet the standards, suitable treatment alternatives should be established. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the current, green, and advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. While highlighting topics such as groundwater treatment, environmental legislation, and oxidation processes, this publication explores the contamination of environments by hazardous chemicals as well as the methods of decontamination and the reduction of negative effects on the environment. This book is a vital reference source for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking current research on achieving sustainable management for wastewater treatment.
Nano-Phytoremediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminates
Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater
A heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid, and solid pollution has resulted from a lack of development in pollution control. Because of this, a need for a collection of original research in water and wastewater treatment, industrial waste management, and soil and ground water pollution exists. Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater is an innovative collection of research that covers the different aspects of environmental engineering in water and wastewater treatment processes as well as the different techniques and systems for pollution management. Highlighting a range of topics such as agriculture pollution, hazardous waste management, and sewage farming, this book is an important reference for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking research on waste management.
Advanced Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants
With the advancement of new technologies, existing wastewater treatment units need to be reexamined to make them more efficient and to release the load currently placed on them. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop and adopt the latest design methodology to determine and remove harmful impurities from water sources. Advanced Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly resource that explores the design of various units of wastewater treatment plants and treatment technologies that can produce reusable quality water from wastewater. The book covers topics that include the basic philosophy of wastewater treatment, designing principles of various wastewater treatment units, conventional treatment systems, and advanced treatment processes. It is an integral reference source for engineers, environmentalists, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, researchers, and academicians.
Water Resources Management
Water resource management consists of planning, developing, distributing and managing the available water resources. With increasing population growth, urbanization, and climate change, water management becomes more demanding. This book presents innovative solutions for present as well as future challenges we are facing in water conservation and water quality protection. The 2nd Ed. entails new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones. Provides a green perspective on how water is and can be used. The update will entail new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones.
Robust Linear Controller Design for Attitude Control of a Rocket
Attitude control of the rocket is a big challenge in real-time. To make the rocket stable against the influences, this book has examined the control technology such as proportional integral derivative control using an anti-windup mechanism and linear quadratic regulator theory based on the degree of freedom mathematical model. The transient behaviour of both controllers is not smooth and takes more time to settle in the defined location. Specific to the deficiencies of PID and LQR, the proportional integral derivative controller is combined with a fuzzy logic controller to overcome the defects of PID and LQR. In conclusion, this book compares the performance analysis of fuzzy-PID controllers with linear quadratic regulators and proportional integral derivative controllers. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid fuzzy-PID controller has a remarkable improvement in terms of overshoot and settling time besides reducing steady-state error. The proposed hybrid fuzzy-PID controller eliminates the overshoot completely and produces enormous stability for the rocket engine.
The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial
Igor Sikorsky was a pioneering Russian engineer and aviator driven from his home by revolution. The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial 1923-2023, a Tribute by the Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives, documents his work in the United States and that of the pioneering American company that he founded. It traces the growth of Sikorsky Aircraft from a struggling fixed-wing aviation concern started on a Long Island farm to a world-leading helicopter manufacturer today headquartered in Connecticut. The book draws on archival documents, photos, and interviews to trace Sikorsky's early contributions to commercial aviation and the revolution he brought about in vertical flight. Igor Sikorsky arrived in New York City in 1919 determined to advance aviation technology and later wrote, "The United States seemed to me the only place which offered a real opportunity in what was then a rather precarious profession. I had been inspired by the work of Edison and Ford, the realization that a man in this country, with ideas of value -- and I hoped that mine were -- might have a chance to succeed." He launched Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation in 1923 and ultimately designed, built, and delivered fixed-wing land planes, amphibians, and flying boats, including the Pan American Airways Clippers that established the first trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific passenger routes.With demand for his big flying boats declining, Sikorsky turned his engineering genius to rotary-wing flight and piloted his one-of-a-kind VS-300 helicopter in 1939. Recollections from Igor Sikorsky and his son Sergei describe the trial-and-error testing and improvements that made the VS-300 so important. The senior Sikorsky later told his son, "The jet may have made the world smaller. The helicopter made it bigger by allowing mankind to live and work in areas that would have been inaccessible by any other vehicle."From Sikorsky's first American fixed-wing aircraft, the S-29A, to the latest helicopter design, the S-102 Raider-X, this book tells the story of every model produced by Sikorsky Aircraft. It traces the development of helicopter air mobility in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, antisubmarine warfare in the U.S. Navy, combat rescue in the U.S. Air Force, and air-sea rescue in the U.S. Coast Guard. The story also covers the introduction of helicopters in scheduled airlines and the oil industry, and it describes the digital design and manufacturing developments that shape how future aircraft will be designed, built and perform.Richly illustrated with more than 400 unique photos, The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial 1923-2023 also covers the evolution of Sikorsky Aircraft, today a Lockheed Martin Company. It illustrates Igor Sikorsky's innovative patents and historic memorabilia and tells a proud story of immigration, invention, and industry. This volume will be a fascinating read for every aviation enthusiast and for those looking to learn more about Igor Sikorsky's history in America.
The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial
Igor Sikorsky was a pioneering Russian engineer and aviator driven from his home by revolution. The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial 1923-2023, a Tribute by the Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives, documents his work in the United States and that of the pioneering American company that he founded. It traces the growth of Sikorsky Aircraft from a struggling fixed-wing aviation concern started on a Long Island farm to a world-leading helicopter manufacturer today headquartered in Connecticut. The book draws on archival documents, photos, and interviews to trace Sikorsky's early contributions to commercial aviation and the revolution he brought about in vertical flight. Igor Sikorsky arrived in New York City in 1919 determined to advance aviation technology and later wrote, "The United States seemed to me the only place which offered a real opportunity in what was then a rather precarious profession. I had been inspired by the work of Edison and Ford, the realization that a man in this country, with ideas of value -- and I hoped that mine were -- might have a chance to succeed." He launched Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation in 1923 and ultimately designed, built, and delivered fixed-wing land planes, amphibians, and flying boats, including the Pan American Airways Clippers that established the first trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific passenger routes.With demand for his big flying boats declining, Sikorsky turned his engineering genius to rotary-wing flight and piloted his one-of-a-kind VS-300 helicopter in 1939. Recollections from Igor Sikorsky and his son Sergei describe the trial-and-error testing and improvements that made the VS-300 so important. The senior Sikorsky later told his son, "The jet may have made the world smaller. The helicopter made it bigger by allowing mankind to live and work in areas that would have been inaccessible by any other vehicle."From Sikorsky's first American fixed-wing aircraft, the S-29A, to the latest helicopter design, the S-102 Raider-X, this book tells the story of every model produced by Sikorsky Aircraft. It traces the development of helicopter air mobility in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, antisubmarine warfare in the U.S. Navy, combat rescue in the U.S. Air Force, and air-sea rescue in the U.S. Coast Guard. The story also covers the introduction of helicopters in scheduled airlines and the oil industry, and it describes the digital design and manufacturing developments that shape how future aircraft will be designed, built and perform.Richly illustrated with more than 400 unique photos, The Sikorsky Aircraft Centennial 1923-2023 also covers the evolution of Sikorsky Aircraft, today a Lockheed Martin Company. It illustrates Igor Sikorsky's innovative patents and historic memorabilia and tells a proud story of immigration, invention, and industry. This volume will be a fascinating read for every aviation enthusiast and for those looking to learn more about Igor Sikorsky's history in America.
Evaluating Airplane Fuel Consumption Metrics
In the modern world, travel and commerce within the aviation industry are major drivers of global economic growth. Nonetheless, a number of barriers stand in the way of the aviation industry's continued expansion and viability. The largest of these issues is the fuel usage in aircraft. An increase in fuel consumption results in a rise in operating costs and anthropogenic emissions.In order to evaluate aviation fuel consumption criteria, the author's goal in this book is to evolve, conceptualize, and develop a reliable Reduction in Aviation Fuel Consumption (RAFC) model.A thorough assessment of the literature served as the foundation for the development and conceptualization of the RAFC framework. Therefore, this book examined a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to implement the methodology with primary and secondary data. It carried out analysis utilizing a variety of techniques, including regression analysis, factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and AHP-entropy. This combination guaranteed the study's adaptability, economy, and consistency. Future interest in minimizing fuel consumption and emissions and maximizing revenue under prevailing social, economic, political, environmental, and other restrictions might be stoked by knowledge of RAFC correlations with factors and sub-factors. Consequently, it will lead aviation toward a future that is both ecologically friendly and fuel-efficient. This book is a vital resource for academics, researchers, engineers, airline personnel, and decision-makers (governments and regulatory organizations) as it offers a thorough framework that gives an overall view of the aviation industry with regard to fuel usage.
Sustainable Infrastructure
Fully updated, this new edition of Sustainable Infrastructure: Principles into Practice is an essential practical handbook to help engineers deliver sustainable responses to the challenges the infrastructure sector faces. Covering each stage of the project lifecycle, from planning and development through to in-use and end-of-life phases, the book presents a set of fundamental principles and tools to guide sustainable decision making. This edition includes four entirely new chapters, including overcoming barriers to sustainability and practical solutions for effecting change, as well as five chapters on ways for engineers to respond extensively revised and updated coverage, including contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the circular economy in construction, the use of nature-based solutions and flexible design for adaptation key tools to help define, test and measure sustainability, including system dynamics and system thinking, carbon management, infrastructure resilience, measuring natural capital, valuing green infrastructure, and social value appraisal real-life case studies and practical examples for each delivery stage, across a range of sectors and project size. Sustainable Infrastructure: Principles into practice is designed to help infrastructure professionals embed sustainability concepts into all aspects of their projects and systems. It will also aid graduate students preparing to enter the industry.
Computational Modelling and Simulation of Aircraft and the Environment, Volume 2
Computational Modelling and Simulation of Aircraft and the Environment An in-depth discussion of aircraft dynamics modelling and simulation This book provides a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation from basic physical and mathematical principles, giving the reader sufficient information to be able to build computational models of aircraft for the purposes of simulation and evaluation. Highly relevant to practitioners, it takes into account the multi-disciplinary nature of aerospace products and the integrated nature of the models needed in order to represent them. Volume 1- Platform Kinematics and Synthetic Environment focused on the modelling of a synthetic environment in which aircraft operate and its spatial relationship with vehicles that are situated and moving within it. This volume focuses on the modelling of aircraft and the interpretation of their flight dynamics. Key features: Includes chapters on equations of motion, fixed-wing aerodynamics, longitudinal flight and gas turbines, as well as an opening chapter that presents an overview of flight modelling and a concluding chapter that presents a number of additional topics such as aircraft structures and embedded systems. Serves as both a student text and practitioner reference. Follows on from previous Aerospace Series titles, offering a complementary view of vehicles and systems from the perspectives of mathematics, physics and simulation. This book offers a comprehensive guide for senior, graduate and postgraduate students of aerospace engineering as well as professional engineers involved in the modelling and simulation of aircraft.
Leverage Dual Space Access Architecture - Advanced Rockets and Space Elevators
This study assumes Space Elevators can and must be built. "Space Elevators: The Green Road to Space," completed in April 2021, emphasizes that Space Elevators will not replace rockets but would join them on parallel paths towards the stars. This Dual Space Access Strategy will carry out the missions that are now planned and ensure the future we dream of becomes a reality. Space Elevators are needed to do the "heavy lifting" for movement off planet. Their transformational characteristics will enable so many of humanity's dreams by moving huge mass to far away destinations. Space Elevator Vision: Space Elevators are the Green Road to Space while they enable humanity's most important missions by moving massive tonnage to GEO and beyond. They accomplish this safely, routinely, inexpensively, efficiently, daily and they are environmentally neutral.
In the Public Interest
This book tells the story of the Tampa Bay 'Water Wars' including the people involved; lawyers and politicians; volunteers and activists; technicians and media. Each believed they served the public interest. But, which public? Whose interest? Failed water policy caused harm to tens of thousands of acres of wetlands and lakes. It reduced the value of homes located near the massive water wellfields that served Tampa Bay. Pumped harder during a severe and lengthy drought, the damage multiplied. Some blamed drought. Others blamed pumping.Stuck in a policy impasse, the conflict went to court and the court of public opinion.Beyond the transformation and turmoil at the time, the book shows how some 25 years later, battles persist, but only occasionally spilling into the public. Even though the actors have changed, the personalities are not that different. The people are different, as are the issues, but conflict persists. Changes in media have likewise changed engagement in public policy and access to information. There are books about water wars from the US and around the world. Many address the legal, technical, and political issues. This book provides an insider's view, with specific impacts to people and the environment including what was done to move beyond the war and what that looks like today.
Wellbore Integrity
There have been concerns about the integrity of thousands of wells drilled worldwide for different purposes ranging from oil and gas to geological carbon sequestration. This is the first book to integrate different aspects of wellbore integrity into a single volume. It looks at the energy sector's green wave movement by expanding an important topic for practitioners, regulators, and students. It is an area where petroleum and subsurface engineers will increasingly need to be involved in the future to address growing expectations regarding environmental impacts and sustainability. Coverage also includes recent developments in regulations and R&D with indications on emerging areas.Wellbore Integrity: From Theory to Practice will be a valuable resource for practicing engineers and students working on problems related to subsurface energy, subsurface disposals, and environmental impacts of oil and gas wells. In parallel, it will be a valuable reference for engineers and scientists interested in repurposing existing wells for carbon sequestration or geothermal purposes.
Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors for Chemical Looping Combustion
The book describes the clean coal technology of chemical looping combustion (CLC) for power generation with pure CO2 capture. The focus of the book is on the modeling and simulation of CLC. It includes fundamental concepts behind CLC and considers all categories of fluidized beds and reactors, including a variety of oxygen carriers. The book includes process simulations with Aspen Plus(R) software using coal, natural gas, and biomass and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using both the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. It describes various drag models, turbulence models, and kinetics models required for CFD simulations of CLC and covers single reactor, partial, and full-simulations, single/multi-stage as well as single-particle simulations, and CLC with reverse flow. A large number of examples for both process simulations using Aspen Plus and CFD simulations using a variety of fluidized beds/reactors employing both the two-fluid and Computational Fluid Dynamics / Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model are provided. Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors for Chemical Looping Combustion will be an invaluable reference for industry practitioners and researchers in academic and industrial R&D currently working on clean energy technologies and power generation with carbon capture.
Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering
This book presents the recent developments in immunomodulatory biomaterials for cell-based therapies in various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and bone regeneration. The authors first cover the fundamentals of conventional immunology and immunomodulation, before focusing on the history, advantages, and challenges of cell therapies. Biological cell therapy has gained immense attention for various diseases due to unique advantages it has over chemical drugs regarding cost, ease of production, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. However, these cell-based therapies need an inert delivery system that can locally deliver cells and minimally elicit foreign body response. The book discusses the foreign body response to the immunomodulatory biomaterials as well as the current and future strategies for potential mitigation of considerable immune responses toward immunomodulatory biomaterials and devices.
