Investigating the Use of Frequency Selective Surfaces in High Power Microwave Applications
This thesis explores new territory with the theoretical investigation of the use of FSS in HPM applications. Work was performed in a simulation environment where rectangular and ring-shaped FSS elements were evaluated. Incident electric field levels of 0.5MV/m were propagated toward the FSS in a plane wave that was perpendicular to the surface. Results show that the total electric field in the apertures of the FSS can reach more than 6MV/m. This necessitates the use of high strength dielectric materials surrounding the FSS to reduce the risk of electrical breakdown. It is shown that a dielectric of only 2.5mm thick on each side of the FSS eliminates the risk of breakdown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance of Scattering Matrix Decomposition and Color Spaces for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery
Polarization decomposition techniques are applied to the polarization-dependent data to form colorful imagery that is easy for a human to interpret. Yet, the presumption is that the SAR system operates with maximum bandwidth requiring extensive processing for near- or real-time application. In this thesis, the author investigates the differences between the choices of color space when processing sparse SAR data with three scattering matrix decompositions (linear, Pauli and Krogager) to determine the best combination for accurate feature extraction. Hence, SAR imagery was computed for the combination of decomposition techniques and color spaces. This set of SAR imagery allows the reader to have an abstract idea of the differences between the combination of decomposition techniques and color spaces.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Anatomy of Cyberterrorism
The United States is vulnerable to attacks from cyberterrorists. A "Digital World Trade Center Attack", possibly killing thousands and causing billions of dollars in damage. This paper will provide fundamental background information on what cyberterror is and what it means. It also presents a model to understand the anatomy of cyberterrorism, describing some real-world cyber events, assesses cyberterrorist capabilities, and finally makes specific recommendations for improvement in cyber security. This paper begins with a chilling scenario of cyberterror illustrating many aspects of potential future actions. The scenario is based 100% on real-world events that occurred within the past few years. The cyberterrorism model describes the anatomy of cyberterror and its components.It is a descriptive model and not a prescriptive model. In order to fully understand cyberterror, one must first understand the cyberspace environment and its unique attributes. Then by analyzing the various components of the cyberterror anatomy, we can grasp the answers to basic questions: who, what how, where, why, and when. Only after one understands these basic pillars, can one fully understand the whole of cyberterrorism. The events of 9/11 caught us by surprise. We were unprepared and we now must broaden our expanded defense to include the cyber threat. Unless we take the appropriate steps to protect ourselves against cyber attacks now, America will surely suffer tragic cyberterrorist attacks that will have devastating impacts on our economy and will include loss of life.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How Small Is Too Small? True Microrobots and Nanorobots for Military Applications in 2035
The Department of Defense (DOD) anticipates the realization of biomimetic bird and two-inch-insect sized systems within the 2015 - 2047 time frame. Although robot systems on the order of size of one millimeter or smaller are not explicitly specified in current DOD and United States Air Force technology roadmaps, the technological aims toward this size can be clearly implied from official documents. This research assesses the likelihood of, and barriers to, the realization of true microrobots and nanorobots (defined as sub-millimeter sized robots of micrometer and nanometer proportions, respectively) that can perform in military applications by 2035. The findings of this research are that the realization of true microrobots for military applications by 2035 is unlikely except for a single case of microrobots. Furthermore, the realization of true nanorobots for military applications by 2035 is even more unlikely. Technological advancements accrued through striving towards the goals of true micro- and nanorobots are critical towards the U.S. achieving a technological edge in more realizable-sized miniature robots for military application. Additionally, these technological advancements are critical for reducing the size and payload of a host of other military systems including satellites, aircraft, weapons, C4ISR, and portable sensors. Thus, regardless of the feasibility of sub-millimeter sized robots by 2035, the U.S. should still sponsor research and development of both true microrobots and nanorobots today.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements
Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a test sample. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a new two transmission material measurement method to decrease the error associated with using a reflection measurement. The transmission method uses a sample transmission measurement and a acrylic backed sample transmission mea- surement. This technique is first demonstrated in a rectangular waveguide system then extended to frequency-domain and time-domain focus arch free-space systems. Most free-space systems consist of transmit and receive spot-focusing horn lens antennas and a network analyzer (NWA). A six step procedure is used to extract the material characteristics using the NWA. The data is measured (1) using the NWA then it is frequency windowed (2) to knock down the sidelobes that appear in the time-domain after the data is transformed. Once transformed (3) to the time-domain the data is time gated (4) to eliminate multiple reflections between the antennas and sample. The data is transformed (5) back into the frequency-domain for extraction (6) of permittivity and permeability using a Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method and two transmission method. Windowing and transforming the data, steps two and three, decreases accuracy at the band edges. The use of a digital oscilloscope with a time-domain reflectometer (TDR) module should increase accuracy by removing the windowing and transforming operations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Communication Free Robot Swarming
As the military use of unmanned aerial vehicles increases, a growing need for novel strategies to control these systems exists. One such method for controlling many unmanned aerial vehicles simultaneously is the through the use of swarm algorithms. This research explores a swarm robotic algorithm developed by Kadrovach implemented on Pioneer Robots in a real-world environment. An adaptation of his visual sensor is implemented using stereo vision as the primary method of sensing the environment. The swarm members are prohibited from explicitly communicating other than passively through the environment. The resulting implementation produces a communication free swarming algorithm. The algorithm is tested for performance of the visual sensor, performance of the algorithm against stationary targets, and finally, performance against dynamic targets. The results show expected behavior of the swarm model as implemented on the Pioneer robots providing a foundation for future research in swarm algorithms.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Q-Switched and Mode Locked Short Pulses From a Diode Pumped, YB-Doped Fiber Laser
A diode-pumped, ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser system was designed and demonstrated to operate in continuous wave (cw), passively Q-switched and possibly passively mode locked operation. To our knowledge, this was the first fiber laser oscillator built at the Air Force Institute of Technology. A Cr4+: YAG (Chromium: Ytterbium Aluminum Garnett) crystal was used as a saturable absorber to generate Q-switched pulses. Attempts to mode lock the laserwere performed using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and through nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). The best output power result was 5 Watt (W) while pumping at 8.3 W, yielding 60% efficiency and peak spectral outputs between 1087-1108 nm. Passive Q-switched pulses were generated using the Cr4+: YAGcrystal with a mean width of 2.9 s and repetition rates between 60-150 kHz. This corresponded to pulse energies of 7-24 and peak powers twice as high as the average power. Q-switched and possible mode locked pulses were generated using NPR. Q-switched pulse widths ranged between 1.8-2.8 with repetition rates between 29-72 kHz. Mode locked pulse widths were 10.5 ns with a repletion rate of 17.2 MHz. Mode locking was not achieved using the SESAM, but the results that resemble mode beating are presented, and causes for error were analyzed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fabrication Techniques for III-V Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems
This thesis studies techniques for selective removal of semiconductor material in AlxGa1-xAs systems for the purpose of fabricating Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS). Fabrication in AlxGa1-xAs allows for the emission, control, and detection of light from the near-infrared to the visible region of the spectrum. Specifically, MOEMS will enable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in the next generations of communications equipment, which will multiply the amount of information that can be sent through existing optical fiber cabling. This work was accomplished by performing an etch study on the selective removal of GaAs from an AlxGa1-xAs structure. The technique of oxidizing AlAs or Al0:98Ga0:02As and removing the oxide was also investigated along with methods for the direct removal of AlAs. The knowledge gained during these etch studies was then applied to the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical tunable Fabry-Perot filters as well as lift-of microcavity light emitting devices. The etchants and materials studied showed high selectivity for removal of both GaAs and AlAs. Mechanical structures were fabricated and actuated using these techniques and resonant cavity light emitting diodes were transplanted from their native substrate to another substrate singly and in arrays. This thesis presents three methods for fabricating MEM systems in III-V materials. This fabrication knowledge will be applied to the fabrication of devices such as tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Transplantable optical devices have broad applications in the areas of computing and communications. This work can also be used as a basis for fabrication of Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems using crystalline III-V materials.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Efficient Electromagnetic Material Characterization via 2-D Rectangular Waveguide Reduction
A new, low-frequency, rectangular waveguide-based electromagnetic material characterization technique is developed that will reduce the test sample size in two dimensions realizing up to 50 percent reduction in sample cross-sectional area. To achieve this, custom made, reduced aperture, sample holder flanges were used that reduce the waveguide's excessive cross-sectional dimensions, resulting in reduced sample fabrication costs. Additionally, MatLab code was developed to implement the rigorously derived modal-analysis solution that accommodates induced, higher-order transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes and accurately extract the reduced test sample's constitutive parameters. Experimental results using various test samples are compared to known, full-aperture measurements for both the reduced aperture waveguide configurations to verify the theoretical analysis. A differential error analysis is also performed for each configuration in an attempt to estimate the error associated with test sample thickness, aperture dimensions, and sample placement uncertainties.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Conceptual Study of Rotary-Wing Microrobotics
This thesis presents a novel rotary-wing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) robot design. Two MEMS wing designs were designed, fabricated and tested including one that possesses features conducive to insect level aerodynamics. Two methods for fabricating an angled wing were also attempted with photoresist and CrystalBondTM to create an angle of attack. One particular design consisted of the wing designs mounted on a gear which are driven by MEMS actuators. MEMS comb drive actuators were analyzed, simulated and tested as a feasible drive system. The comb drive resonators were also designed orthogonally which successfully rotated a gear without wings. With wings attached to the gear, orthogonal MEMS thermal actuators demonstrated wing rotation with limited success. Multi-disciplinary theoretical expressions were formulated to account for necessary mechanical force, allowable mass for lift, and electrical power requirements. The robot design did not achieve flight, but the small pieces presented in this research with minor modifications are promising for a potential complete robot design under 1 cm2 wingspan. The complete robot design would work best in a symmetrical quad-rotor configuration for simpler maneuverability and control. The military's method to gather surveillance, reconnaissance and intelligence could be transformed given a MEMS rotary-wing robot's diminutive size and multi-role capabilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sensitivity Analysis of ALGAN/GAN High Electron Mobility Transistors to Process Variation
A sensitivity analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMT performance on material and process variations was performed. Aluminum mole fraction, barrier thickness, and gate length were varied 5% over nominal values to determine how sensitive simulated device performance was to changes in these 3 parameters. Simulated data was generated with the Synopsys TCAD software suite using a physics-based HEMT model. To validate model performance, simulated data was correlated with experimental data, which consisted of wafer epilayer characterization data as well as DC and small-signal RF device performance data from 1-26 GHz.Trends were observed in the experimental data due to variations in the fabrication process. Epilayer data showed cross-wafer trends in sheet resistance, barrier thickness and Al mole fraction but didn't show any discernable trends in mobility or sheet carrier concentration. Maximum output current was the only measured performance metric that showed a strong trend across the wafers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Analysis of Sophisticated Direction of Arrival Estimation Methods in Passive Coherent Locators
In passive coherent locators (PCL) systems, noise and the precision of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation are key issues. This thesis addresses the implementation of sophisticated DOA estimation methods, in particular the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, the conventional beam forming (CBF) algorithm, and the algebraic constant modulus algorithm (ACMA). The goal is to compare the ACMA to the MUSIC, and CBF algorithms for application to PCL. The results and analysis presented here support the use of constant modulus information, where available, as an important addition to DOA estimation. The ACMA offers many simple solutions to noise and separation related problems; at low SNR levels, it provides much more accurate estimates and yields reasonable separation performance even in the presence of challenging signals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Power Microwave and Ionizing Radiation Effects on CMOS Devices
Integrated circuits (ICs) are inherently complicated and made worse by increasing transistor quantity and density. This trend potentially enhances concomitant effects of high energy radiation and local or impressed electromagnetic interference (EMI). The reduced margin for signal error may counter any gain in radiation hardness from smaller device dimensions. Isolated EMI and ionizing radiation studies on circuits have been conducted extensively over the past 30 years. However, little focus has been placed on the combined effects. To investigate the effect of combined EMI and ionizing radiation, two complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter technologies (CD4069 and SN74AUC1G04) were analyzed for their static performance in response to EMI and up to 146 kRad(tissue) gamma radiation. The combined EMI and gamma radiation environment, compared to the isolated effects, produced the most severe degradation in inverter performance for both device technologies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unified Behavior Framework for Reactive Robot Control in Real-Time Systems
Endeavors in mobile robotics focus on developing autonomous vehicles that operate in dynamic and uncertain environments. By reducing the need for human-in-the-loop control, unmanned vehicles are utilized to achieve tasks considered dull or dangerous by humans. Because unexpected latency can adversely affect the quality of an autonomous system's operations, which in turn can affect lives and property in the real-world, their ability to detect and handle external events is paramount to providing safe and dependable operation. Behavior-based systems form the basis of autonomous control for many robots. This thesis presents the unified behavior framework, a new and novel approach which incorporates the critical ideas and concepts of the existing reactive controllers in an effort to simplify development without locking the system developer into using any single behavior system. The modular design of the framework is based on modern software engineering principles and only specifies a functional interface for components, leaving the implementation details to the developers. In addition to its use of industry standard techniques in the design of reactive controllers, the unified behavior framework guarantees the responsiveness of routines that are critical to the vehicle's safe operation by allowing individual behaviors to be scheduled by a real-time process controller. The experiments in this thesis demonstrate the ability of the framework to: 1) interchange behavioral components during execution to generate various global behavior attributes; 2) apply genetic programming techniques to automate the discovery of effective structures for a domain that are up to 122 percent better than those crafted by an expert; and 3) leverage real-time scheduling technologies to guarantee the responsiveness of time critical routines regardless of the system's computational load.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Implementing Reliability-centered Maintenance Analysis in a Revised Preventive Maintenance Program for the F-15
Reliability-centered maintenance is an approach to analyzing how and when equipment fails in order to maintain a desired level of performance or functionality. It employs the use of failure modes, effects and criticality analysis to rank order potential failures, and combines this rank order with the use of a prescribed decision logic process to determine what preventive maintenance tasks should be performed and when. Reliability-centered maintenance analysis has been used by the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, and commercial airlines to develop and update preventive maintenance programs for their aircraft for many years.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Electricity Management
This book discusses current and essential issues regarding: EUROPEAN NETWORKS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATORS, ELECTRICITY QUALITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ELECTRICITY RATIONALIZATION and ELECTRICITY STORAGE. In the current context of technological development and increased energy needs, efficient electricity management has become an essential component to ensure sustainability, economic efficiency, environmental protection and energy security. Electricity, an indispensable form of energy, fuels industries, institutions, housing and transport. That is why the way it is produced, distributed and consumed must be carefully planned and regulated. Electricity management is no longer an option, but a necessity. In a changing world with limited resources and an increasingly affected environment, only through responsible energy management can we ensure a sustainable future. This requires the collaboration of authorities, companies and citizens in a joint effort of efficiency, innovation and responsibility.
Multi-Disciplinary Research and Sustainable Development
The Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Multi-Disciplinary Research and Sustainable Development.
Short Circuit Tests On A 12,000 Kw, 9,000 Volt, 25 Cycle Turbo-generator With External Reactance Coils
This technical report details short circuit tests conducted on a 12,000 kW, 9,000 Volt, 25 cycle turbo-generator equipped with external reactance coils. Authored by Rudolph Frederick Schuchardt, the document provides valuable insights into the performance and characteristics of such generators under fault conditions. The study offers detailed analysis relevant to electrical engineers and those involved in power system design and maintenance. Explore the methodologies and findings of these pivotal tests.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Transactions of the International Electrical Congress, St. Louis, 1904
This comprehensive volume, "Transactions of the International Electrical Congress, St. Louis, 1904," offers a detailed record of the groundbreaking discussions and presentations at this pivotal event in the history of electrical engineering. Held in conjunction with the St. Louis World's Fair, the congress brought together leading scientists, engineers, and innovators from around the globe to share their latest discoveries and advancements.Inside, readers will find a wealth of information on a wide range of topics, including power generation, transmission, electric lighting, telegraphy, and telephony. The book provides valuable insights into the state of electrical technology at the dawn of the 20th century and the key developments that shaped the modern world. It serves as an invaluable resource for historians of science and technology, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in the evolution of this transformative field.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Operation And Care Of Vehicle-type Batteries
"Operation And Care Of Vehicle-type Batteries" is a comprehensive guide providing detailed information on the maintenance and operation of batteries used in vehicles. Authored by experts from the United States National Bureau of Standards, including George Wood Vinal and Albert L. Pearson, this book offers practical advice and technical insights essential for ensuring the longevity and efficiency of vehicle batteries. Readers will find valuable guidance on topics such as battery types, charging methods, troubleshooting common issues, and best practices for extending battery life. This resource is ideal for automotive technicians, mechanics, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of vehicle battery technology.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance IV
This book reports on intelligent systems and methods applied to engineering production and maintenance. Being the first of two volumes, it specifically focuses on advanced tools for analysing, designing and optimizing manufacturing processes, increasing their automation, safety, and sustainability. It also covers applications of intelligent methods for improving transport systems, discussing topics in mechanical engineering education alike. Based the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance, ISPEM 2025, held on June 25-27, 2025, in Wroclaw, Poland, this book offers a timely snapshot of intelligent systems applications and advances in industry 4.0 in engineering design and manufacturing.
Bulk-Driven Circuit Techniques for CMOS Fdsoi Processes
In the contemporary technology landscape dominated by digital-centric systems and applications, the significance of analog front-end signal processing remains indispensable. The precision and performance of critical analog, mixed-signal or mm-wave components such as low-noise amplifiers, equalizers, and data converters are fundamentally determined by technological parameters, such as transconductance, DC gain, device matching, linearity, and timing accuracy, among others. Enhancing these parameters through intrinsic design improvements presents a significant challenge and becomes infeasible beyond certain limits with state-of-the-art circuit design techniques. As the performance of CMOS transistors is fundamentally constrained, foreground or background calibration schemes are commonly employed to mitigate the limitations of MOS devices. However, these constraints can be effectively addressed through the implementation of active and passive bulk-driven circuits enabled by silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technologies. Fully-Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technologies offer superior transistor characteristics compared to standard bulk CMOS technology, providing enhanced electrical performance, improved power efficiency, and better scalability. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of FD-SOI CMOS technology, presenting key innovations in design methodologies and circuit implementations adopting bulk-biasing techniques across analog, digital, mixed-signal, and mmWave circuits and systems. It addresses critical transistor limitations, including finite transistor gain, offset, mismatch, noise and linearity, among others. The authors provide detailed technical insights, mathematical modelling, design approaches and circuit realizations covering circuit advances using both static and dynamic transistor body-biasing techniques. Emphasis is placed on overcoming state-of-the-art circuit limitations such as finite DC gain, bandwidth, matching/accuracy and power efficiency. These performance metrics are rigorously investigated through mathematical modelling, validated through simulation and experimentally demonstrated using both dynamic and static body-biasing architectures.
Artificial Lighting In Relation To Health, A Paper
Explore the critical relationship between artificial lighting and human health in R.E. Crompton's insightful paper, "Artificial Lighting In Relation To Health." This work delves into the effects of various lighting technologies on well-being, examining how different types of illumination impact physical and mental health. Crompton's analysis provides essential considerations for engineers, public health officials, and anyone interested in creating healthier living and working environments. Discover how informed lighting design can mitigate potential health risks and enhance overall quality of life.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis and Design of Polygonal Registors by Conformal Mapping
"Analysis and Design of Polygonal Resistors by Conformal Mapping" explores the application of conformal mapping techniques to the analysis and design of polygonal resistors. This book provides a detailed examination of mathematical methods for solving problems in electrical engineering. It delves into the complexities of resistor design, offering insights into the behavior of electrical components through rigorous mathematical analysis.Authored by Lloyd N. Trefethen, this work is suited for engineers and applied mathematicians seeking a deeper understanding of the intersection between mathematical analysis and practical engineering design.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Artificial Lighting In Relation To Health, A Paper
Explore the critical relationship between artificial lighting and human health in R.E. Crompton's insightful paper, "Artificial Lighting In Relation To Health." This work delves into the effects of various lighting technologies on well-being, examining how different types of illumination impact physical and mental health. Crompton's analysis provides essential considerations for engineers, public health officials, and anyone interested in creating healthier living and working environments. Discover how informed lighting design can mitigate potential health risks and enhance overall quality of life.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Wave Propagation in a Plasma Based on the Cold Plasma Model
Wave Propagation in a Plasma Based on the Cold Plasma Model explores the theoretical aspects of wave behavior within plasma environments. Focusing on the cold plasma model, the book provides a detailed analysis of how waves interact with and propagate through plasma. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students in plasma physics, electrical engineering, and related fields, offering insights into fundamental principles and advanced applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Parallel Robots
n today's rapidly evolving industrial landscape, robotics has become essential for meeting the demands of large-scale production. Parallel robots, with their closed-loop kinematic structures, offer unmatched precision, rigidity, and load-bearing capabilities, making them indispensable for tasks requiring high accuracy and efficiency.
Dynamos, Alternators and Transformers
Dynamos, Alternators and Transformers by Gisbert Kapp offers a detailed exploration of the principles and construction of electrical machinery. This classic work provides a comprehensive understanding of the design and operation of dynamos, alternators, and transformers, essential components in electrical power systems. Kapp's expertise shines through in his clear explanations and practical insights, making this book an invaluable resource for electrical engineers and students alike. The text covers a range of topics, from the fundamental concepts to advanced design considerations. This edition preserves the original content, ensuring that readers can benefit from Kapp's timeless knowledge and contribute to the continued development of electrical engineering.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Intelligent Moving Cities: Technological Leap and Social Integration of Autonomous Mobile Robots
Electrical Engineering Problems. Part I. Direct Current Circuits and Apparatus. Part II. Alternating Current Circuits and Apparatus
"Electrical Engineering Problems" is a comprehensive guide to understanding and solving problems related to direct and alternating current circuits and apparatus. Originally published in 1913, this book offers a detailed look into the electrical engineering practices of the early 20th century. Part I focuses on direct current circuits and apparatus, while Part II delves into alternating current circuits and equipment. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, historians of technology, and anyone interested in the foundational principles of electrical engineering. It provides a unique historical perspective on the development of electrical systems and their applications, making it an essential addition to any technical library.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excitation of the Traveling Wave Tube
"Excitation of the Traveling Wave Tube," by Bernard Friedman and Henry Malin, delves into the theoretical and practical aspects of traveling wave tubes, a critical component in microwave technology and telecommunications. This work, potentially dating back to 1949, likely provides a detailed analysis of the principles governing the excitation and operation of these vacuum tubes, essential for amplifying microwave signals. The book likely covers topics such as electron beam dynamics, wave propagation in periodic structures, and the interaction between electron beams and electromagnetic fields. Offering insights into the historical development of microwave devices, this work serves as a valuable resource for engineers and researchers interested in the foundations of modern communication systems and electronic warfare technologies. The content could also be of interest to those studying the history of electronics and the evolution of high-frequency amplifiers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Make: Volume 94
Film and television create amazing worlds, but sometimes you want a piece of those worlds you can hold in your hands. In this issue of Make: we show how to create your own tangible props and models from movies, TV, and your own imagination. Join pro model maker and Tested alum Kayte Sabicer as she re-creates an epic replica of the Off-World Blimp from Blade Runner. Go behind the scenes (and back in time) to see how The Wizard of Oz used miniatures and practical effects to create the stunning tornado scene that still holds up today! Star Wars was instrumental in putting fan builds on the map, and we check in with the bevy of droid builders who re-create everything from classic R2-D2 to Disney's adorable new "duckling droids" from the Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge theme park. Or maybe you want smaller-scale models to go with your tabletop war games? Learn how to paint, weather, and "trashbash" everyday junk into new mini terrain, buildings, and vehicles to create your own worlds. Plus, 19 projects, including: Scale down The Mandalorian's "Volume" video wall for your own mini movie virtual production Use simple cardboard to make a custom articulated robot costume Build robust, network-controlled light-up wearables for group costumes and performances Create a personal light show with a Teensy-powered, xLights-animated display 3D print and launch your own custom compressed air rockets Use an Oxocard microcontroller and servo to make an electronic cuckoo clock Meet Flipper Zero and friends' learn about the latest hacker multitools And much more!
Electrical Engineering Problems. Part I. Direct Current Circuits and Apparatus. Part II. Alternating Current Circuits and Apparatus
"Electrical Engineering Problems" is a comprehensive guide to understanding and solving problems related to direct and alternating current circuits and apparatus. Originally published in 1913, this book offers a detailed look into the electrical engineering practices of the early 20th century. Part I focuses on direct current circuits and apparatus, while Part II delves into alternating current circuits and equipment. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, historians of technology, and anyone interested in the foundational principles of electrical engineering. It provides a unique historical perspective on the development of electrical systems and their applications, making it an essential addition to any technical library.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Practical Applied Electricity
Practical Applied Electricity, by David Penn Moreton, is a comprehensive guide designed for practical application rather than abstract theory. Written in plain English, this book explains the principles of electricity and their real-world uses, making it accessible to readers without extensive technical backgrounds. The book covers a wide range of topics, from fundamental concepts to practical examples, offering a clear understanding of how electricity works and how it can be applied in various settings. Whether you're a student, an engineer, or simply someone interested in learning more about electricity, this book offers a valuable resource. First published many years ago, this edition retains the original clarity and practical focus, ensuring that the book remains useful and relevant for anyone seeking a solid understanding of applied electricity.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Q-Switched and Mode Locked Short Pulses From a Diode Pumped, YB-Doped Fiber Laser
A diode-pumped, ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser system was designed and demonstrated to operate in continuous wave (cw), passively Q-switched and possibly passively mode locked operation. To our knowledge, this was the first fiber laser oscillator built at the Air Force Institute of Technology. A Cr4+: YAG (Chromium: Ytterbium Aluminum Garnett) crystal was used as a saturable absorber to generate Q-switched pulses. Attempts to mode lock the laserwere performed using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and through nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). The best output power result was 5 Watt (W) while pumping at 8.3 W, yielding 60% efficiency and peak spectral outputs between 1087-1108 nm. Passive Q-switched pulses were generated using the Cr4+: YAGcrystal with a mean width of 2.9 s and repetition rates between 60-150 kHz. This corresponded to pulse energies of 7-24 and peak powers twice as high as the average power. Q-switched and possible mode locked pulses were generated using NPR. Q-switched pulse widths ranged between 1.8-2.8 with repetition rates between 29-72 kHz. Mode locked pulse widths were 10.5 ns with a repletion rate of 17.2 MHz. Mode locking was not achieved using the SESAM, but the results that resemble mode beating are presented, and causes for error were analyzed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Combined Effects of Radio Frequency and Electron Radiation on CMOS Inverters
This research examines the measurement methodology, and the results of, the combined effects of electron and radio frequency irradiation (500kHz) on a CMOS Hex Inverter, CD4069UB. There have been many studies in recent years on the effects of electron radiation and electromagnetic interference on integrated circuits, however the combined effects have not been measured. A major obstacle for in-situ electron irradiation experiments is the over current hazard that exists to measurement equipment that comes from taking real-time, in-situ measurements. To overcome this, a test circuit was designed and built to allow for real-time in-situ measurement of the output voltage, current and the inverter power. This test circuit provides real-time measurement of the inverter's threshold voltage with respect to electron dose.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Trade Space Analysis of Antenna Array Architecture Using System Modeling Tools
This trade study has two objectives. The first provides a trade space analysis of differing array architectures and associated radio frequency components using system-modeling tools. The second objective develops system modeling tools aiding similar analysis by other users. These objectives were accomplished by evaluating a selected group of output parameters to include overall system cost, mass, and power consumption, as well as the minimum detectable input level, system spurious free dynamic range, and selected beam spoilage parameters caused by the use of discrete phase shifters. A fixed number of designs were evaluated using simulation. The evaluation process examined input parameter and design impact on the output parameters and overall best design. The best overall design, by score, performed exceptionally well for minimum detectable input level and beam spoilage parameters, very well for cost and power performance, and poor for total mass and spurious free dynamic range.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Radiation Effects on the Electrical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Based MOS Capacitors
Hafnium oxide-based MOS capacitors were investigated to determine electrical property response to radiation environments. In situ capacitance versus voltage measurements were analyzed to identify voltage shifting as a result of changes to trapped charge with increasing dose of gamma, neutron, and ion radiation. In situ measurements required investigation and optimization of capacitor fabrication to include dicing, cleaning, metalization, packaging, and wire bonding. A top metal contact of 200 angstroms of titanium followed by 2800 angstroms of gold allowed for repeatable wire bonding and proper electrical response. Gamma and ion irradiations of atomic layer deposited hafnium oxide on silicon devices both resulted in a midgap voltage shift of no more than 0.2 V toward less positive voltages. This shift indicates recombination of radiation induced positive charge with negative trapped charge in the bulk oxide. Silicon ion irradiation caused interface effects in addition to oxide trap effects that resulted in a flatband voltage shift of approximately 0.6 V also toward less positive voltages. Additionally, no bias dependent voltage shifts with gamma irradiation and strong oxide capacitance room temperature annealing after ion irradiation was observed. These characteristics, in addition to the small voltage shifts observed, demonstrate the radiation hardness of hafnium oxide and its applicability for use in space systems.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyclopedia of Applied Electricity
"Cyclopedia of Applied Electricity: Dynamos; Motors; Storage Batteries, Part 2" offers a comprehensive guide to the principles and practical applications of electricity in the early 20th century. Intended for electricians, mechanics, engineers, students, and telegraph and telephone operators, this volume delves into the workings of dynamos, motors, and storage batteries. Explore detailed explanations and illustrations of electrical concepts, providing a valuable resource for both learning and reference. Originally published in 1905 by the American School in Chicago, this cyclopedia provides a fascinating snapshot of the era's technological advancements and educational practices. This historical text remains relevant for those interested in the history of technology and electrical engineering.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Introduction to Mathematical Techniques Used in GIS
GIS technology and applications have advanced as fast as computing technology to enhance business analytics, predictive modeling, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. The third edition addresses these new topics of interest to students and practitioners who are using geographic information systems but have a limited mathematical background. Thoroughly updated and reorganized to focus more on applications and problem solving by mathematical techniques, this book explains the basic architecture of computing as it relates to GIS, includes new application examples of selected mathematical methods, and introduces 3D modeling, machine learning, and more.Features Explains the basic mathematics that underpins the manipulation of spatially related data and adds new technology direction such as machine learning Builds logically step-by-step from simple basic assumptions to real world GIS applications to illustrate mathematical techniques covered in each chapter Explains computing fundamentals including databases, and modeling techniques such as network modeling and topology overlay Includes two new chapters focused on how computing relates to mathematics, and new popular applications of GIS which connect with data science and artificial intelligence Prepares today's GIS students who do not have STEM backgrounds to follow the thought processes behind the practice of GIS This textbook is written for those who use global information systems and applications but have a limited mathematical background. It explains the mathematics behind the applications, making it an accessible book for both undergraduate and graduate students in GIS, Computer Science, Geography, and Geomatics.
Handbook of AI in Engineering Applications
There is a need to categorize AI applications, tools, techniques, and algorithms based on their intended use in various design stages. This handbook explores various categories with compatible AI techniques, tools, and algorithms together in one place.
Linear Control Systems in Engineering
This textbook examines classical and modern control strategies toward systems' best performance, especially concerning design and operations. It simplifies control theory concepts through related mathematics and examples of real-life systems worldwide.Linear Control Systems in Engineering: Basics and Beyond covers the fundamental principles of control systems and advanced topics providing a comprehensive resource for readers at different levels of ability. It is written in an infographic language as much as possible, making complex concepts in control systems accessible to a broad audience, including students and professionals. The textbook includes many examples and practical exercises to reinforce learning and demonstrate how control systems work in various engineering domains. The textbook focuses on both the conventional and contemporary control systems technologies and trends, such as digital control, automation, and robust control. It also highlights analysis, stability, and optimization techniques for control systems in a sole source.The textbook is written for both undergraduate and graduate courses dealing with the subjects of electrical, mechanical, mechatronics, chemical, and aerospace engineering. It will take the reader from basic concepts and applications to advanced topics, and the book will be the sole source to reach knowledge and explore future possibilities related to control design techniques, methodologies, and operations from basic to beyond.A solutions manual and PowerPoint slides are available for qualified textbook adoption.
Smart Cyber-Physical Systems
Smart cyber-physical systems (SCPS) are revolutionizing the interaction between the physical and digital realms, driving innovation across diverse fields. This book provides an extensive overview of cutting-edge SCPS technologies, highlighting their applications, challenges, and transformative potential. Designed for researchers, professionals, and students, it offers foundational insights and advanced applications in urban planning, healthcare, transportation, finance, and cybersecurity. It also bridges the gap between theory and practice through real-world case studies and in-depth analysis, showcasing how SCPS address critical global challenges. This book: Provides a comprehensive introduction to SCPS, their components, and their applications in various domains and explores their role in enabling sustainable smart cities and urban planning Provides advanced SCPS-based solutions for optimizing supply chain logistics and route planning and real-world applications of SCPS in healthcare, including wearable technology and remote patient monitoring, and financial modeling, comparing investment indices using advanced techniques Discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in autonomous vehicle systems and transportation Analyzes cybersecurity challenges in cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystems Focuses on innovations in energy management, including smart grids and sustainable practices powered by SCPS, and explores adaptive human-machine interaction frameworks for enhanced decision-making This book serves as a vital resource for understanding the transformative power of SCPS and inspires further research and development in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.
Control of Permanent Magnet Actuators for Robotics Applications
Motivated by the expanding role of robotics in a wide range of industrial applications, the imperative for a specialized exploration into the control dynamics of permanent magnet actuators has become apparent. These actuators are integral to contemporary robotic systems but they pose distinct challenges necessitating a dedicated exploration. The subject area encompasses a comprehensive examination of control requirements, spanning from conventional high-performance strategies to avant-garde non-position control approaches, multi-motor coordination, and fault-tolerant methodologies. The aim of the authors is to go beyond theoretical discourse by encapsulating practical applications and implementation strategies to equip researchers, engineers, and academics with a robust conceptual and practical framework for addressing the complexities characterizing permanent magnet actuator control. The comprehensive scope of this book will foster a deeper understanding and facilitate the application of advanced control strategies in the realm of robotic systems. Control of Permanent Magnet Actuators for Robotics Applications navigates the intricate intersection of robotics and control theory, focusing on permanent magnet actuators. The authors incorporate novel approaches, such as non-position control strategies and fault-tolerant design principle, special design features and real-world case studies to bridge the theoretical-practical divide. By incorporating innovative methodologies with established theories, the book offers a nuanced perspective on contemporary challenges and solutions in the realm of robotic control systems. Written for an audience of robotics and mechatronics engineers, control system designers, researchers and scientists working on robotics and control theory, and advanced students of robotics, mechatronics, control and automation, this book offers readers a systematic and thorough review of permanent magnet actuators and their control for robotics applications.
