Learning Hindi
Learn to speak Hindi quickly! This book teaches you the basics of the Hindi language, including practical daily conversations and vocabulary. It enables you to begin communicating effectively from the very first day. All Hindi words and sentences are given in the native script and romanized words, with English translations. Useful notes and explanations on pronunciation, the Hindi script, greetings and requests, basic sentence patterns and vocabulary, idiomatic expressions and etiquette dos and don'ts are all included. A useful bi-directional dictionary of commonly-used Hindi words and phrases is provided at the back. Key features of this book include: Carefully constructed lessons designed for beginning adult learnersBasic sentence patterns and vocabulary used in daily conversationsSuitable for self-study learners as well as beginner level classesHindi script and romanized versions of all Hindi texts with English translationsCultural notes for understanding Indian customs and normsFree native-speaker audio recordings of the dialogues, vocabulary and exercises are available online teaching the reader to pronounce the Hindi words and phrases in the book correctly. Free printable flash cards are also available for further practice.
HSK Vocabulary Dictionary Level 1-6
The HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi) is an international standardized exam that focuses on assessing the ability of non-native Chinese speakers to use Chinese for communication in daily life, study, and work.The exam has different levels: HSK (Level 1), HSK (Level 2), HSK (Level 3), HSK (Level 4), HSK (Level 5), and HSK (Level 6). - HSK (Level 1) assesses candidates who can understand and use very simple Chinese words and sentences and have the ability to further study Chinese.- HSK (Level 2) candidates can engage in simple and direct communication on common topics in daily life using Chinese.- HSK (Level 3) candidates can complete basic communication tasks in life, study, work, etc., using Chinese.- HSK (Level 4) candidates can communicate on relatively complex topics in a more standardized and appropriate manner using Chinese.- HSK (Level 5) candidates can discuss, evaluate, and express opinions on more abstract or professional topics in Chinese and can handle various communication tasks relatively easily.- HSK (Level 6) candidates can adeptly engage in various social communication activities in Chinese, with a proficiency level approaching that of a native Chinese speaker.This book contains 148 Level 1 vocabulary words, 146 Level 2 vocabulary words, 298 Level 3 vocabulary words, 585 Level 4 vocabulary words, 1310 Level 5 vocabulary words, and 2513 Level 6 vocabulary words. A total of 5000 Chinese vocabulary words.
HSK 4 Vocabulary Writing Practice Workbook with Stroke Order and Pinyin
Understanding the strokes of Chinese characters is fundamentally important in learning the language. Each stroke in a character contributes to its structure and meaning. Knowing the stroke order helps in writing characters correctly and efficiently, as it follows a specific sequence that creates a flow in writing. Additionally, stroke order aids in recognizing and distinguishing similar-looking characters, improving overall character recognition and writing fluency. It's akin to learning the alphabet in other languages; mastering stroke order sets a strong foundation for character writing and comprehension in Chinese.This book is suitable for HSK Level 4 students to practice Chinese characters. It includes all the vocabulary required for the HSK Level 4 exam. The book provides vocabulary lists with English explanations and presents the pronunciation and stroke order for each Chinese character, making it ideal for beginners.
Journaling in Chinese
This journal was created to motivate and help you improve your written language skills by journaling in Cantonese, Mandarin, Taishanese, or even English. Each day's question and prompt are provided with Chinese translations, phrases, and phonetic guides. Simply turn to today's date and start journaling in the language you are working on! As the year goes by, you will notice how much your writing skills improve. Enjoy the process of documenting your day and see your progress at the end of the year!
The Structure of the Japanese Language
Conventional grammars tell us when we can use given grammatical patterns. However, they almost invariably fail to tell us when we cannot use them. Many of the chapters of this book are concerned with the latter problem. They attempt to explain why some sentences that should be grammatical according to the explanations given in conventional grammars are in fact ungrammatical. In this sense, the book can be called a grammar of ungrammatical sentences.... It deals only with those problems of Japanese--and only a handful of them--that are either completely ignored or erroneously treated in conventional grammars. For these features I hope that the book will give the reader a revealing account of a kind seldom found in other Japanese grammars or in grammars of any other languages.--from the author's PrefaceSome features of Japanese are peculiarities of the language, while others are shared by English and various other languages of the world. At times two features, one in Japanese and one, for example, in English, that may look totally unrelated on casual inspection turn out to be a manifestation of the same principle, either syntactic or semantic, which governs the two languages. Whenever possible each feature of Japanese that the book discusses is contrasted with the features in English that are overtly or covertly related to it, and the similarities and differences that exist between the two languages with respect to this feature are examined. Thus the book can also be called a contrastive grammar of Japanese and English.The book reveals a wide variety of semantic and syntactic factors (some of them not very well known to linguists working on English) that control the usage of certain grammatical patterns. It also shows what kinds of sentences the linguist working on a nonnative language should check with native speakers of the language to prove or disprove his initial hypothesis. So in a third sense, Professor Kuno's study might be called a textbook of field methods in linguistic analysis.Because The Structure of the Japanese Language is both descriptive and analytical (the generalizations given in the book have been developed within the framework of the theory of transformational grammar but are presented without recourse to the complex formalisms of the theory), it will prove useful both as a basic handbook of supplementary reading for second-year or more advanced courses in Japanese and as a source of material for students and researchers doing work in Japanese or non-Indo-European linguistics.This is volume three in the series, Current Studies in Linguistics.
The Most Magic Word
This book brings together a valuable collection of 14 previously published essays (and one not published) filled with insight and erudition by William L. Moran. He for many years was the Andrew Mellon Professor of the Humanities at Harvard University. He had studied with W. F. Albright, Benno Landsberger, and Thorkild Jacobson and taught Assyriology at Harvard. They include "The Creation of Man in Atrahasis I 192-249"; "New Evident from Mari on the History of Prophecy"; The ANE Background of the Love of God in Deuteronomy"; "The Babylonian Job" and "The epic of Gilgamesh: A Document of Ancient Humanism."
Remaking a Global Cantonese Community with Television and Social Media
Cantonese (Jyut Jyu) is a language prevailing in the Guangdong province of China, Hong Kong, Macau, and ethnic Chinese groups in Southeast Asia and North America. It evolves with the engagements of the authoritarian government and globalization over time. Cantonese in China is special because it remains strong under the constant suppression from the administration and the continual interactions between the natives and migrants. However, the concern about Cantonese dying among the natives has been increasing in recent years. The speaking population, the imposed language policy, and the economy at least determine Cantonese's life. In particular, the economy is also a window to examine the central-local relations in China due to the leading roles of the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong, and Macau in China's economic growth. Therefore, the struggles of local language between the younger generation and the Communist Party via the Internet are exposed. The book intends to explore the rising of a potential language community around the globe that speaks Cantonese by analyzing the usage and images of Cantonese of a popular TV show on YouTube, discussion groups on Baidu Tieba and Facebook, and talk shows on Bilibili with content analysis, interviews, and cases studies. Through this research, the relations between language and collective identity will be presented in an innovative way."Remaking a Global Cantonese Community with Television and Social Media" has something to offer everyone, regardless of age or background. For those residing in mainland China, it's a journey back in time. Older Cantonese speakers will reminisce about their childhood, with memories of delicious Cantonese food, playful children's songs, and cherished customs. Even those who aren't native Cantonese speakers will recall the Cantonese TV shows, movies, and music that colored their youth. Younger readers will find familiar elements in the short videos they currently enjoy. For language preservation advocates, this book sheds light on Cantonese speakers' efforts to protect their native language and the challenges they face. For readers outside of mainland China, it offers insights into the country's internal changing landscape, especially grassroots practices and identities. By blending the disciplines of linguistics, political science, and communication, this book provides a broad perspective on how language is intertwined with our sense of belonging.
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic: Advanced to Superior Level is designed to prepare students with Intermediate High proficiency in standard Arabic to move successfully towards Advanced to Superior level. Following the communicative-proficiency-learner approach, the book uses guided learning strategies, which encourage students to collaborate, share information, and negotiate meaning through critical study and analysis of the topics. This teaching methodology promotes the learning of four key skills in the use of modern standard Arabic: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Drawing on the authors' long experience in teaching Arabic, and training Arabic teachers at all levels, the book includes twenty lessons, accompanied by a range of supplementary online materials including short stories, essays, plays, poems, interviews, and audio and video clips. The combination of authentic texts with multimedia material showing real people and places, enlivens Arabic instruction and engenders an appreciation of Arabic language, culture and society.
Zhoutun
This book presents a description of the grammar of Zhoutun, an endangered Sinitic variety spoken by less than 1000 people in the Qinghai Province of northwest China. With vocabulary predominantly from Chinese and Tibetan syntax, Zhoutun is one of the Sinitic varieties most distant from Standard Chinese.
The Translator's Mirror for the Romantic
The Translator's Mirror for the Romantic: Cao Xueqin's Dream and David Hawkes' Stone is a book that uses precious primary sources to decipher a master translator's art in Stone, a brilliant English translation of the most famous Chinese classic novel Dream.
An English-Arabic Vocabulary for the Use of Students of the Colloquial
A comprehensive dictionary of vocabulary for use in conversational Arabic among students. This work serves as an excellent reference for learners of the Arabic language.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Syllabary of the Shanghai Vernacular. Prepared and Published by the Shanghai Christian Vernacular Society
This fascinating book is a guide to the Shanghai vernacular, a dialect of Chinese that was widely spoken in Shanghai and the surrounding areas in the early 20th century. It includes a pronunciation guide, grammar rules, and a glossary of commonly used words and phrases.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Elementary Arabic
Embark on a journey into the richness and complexity of the Arabic language with this comprehensive guide. Professor Reynold A. Nicholson expertly guides readers through the fundamentals of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, providing a solid foundation for further study or practical use.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Kuaiwa Hen
The second part of this book is comprised of twenty-five expertly designed exercises that guide students to a mastery of the Yedo colloquial language. With detailed notes and explanations provided, it is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to learn this language and its nuances.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Dictionary Of The Hok-keen Dialect Of The Chinese Language ... Accompanied By A Short Historical And Statistical Account Of Hokkeen (etc.)
Written by noted British Sinologist W. H. Medhurst, this comprehensive dictionary is an invaluable resource for scholars working with the Hok-keen dialect of Chinese.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Western Mandarin; or, The Spoken Language of Western China
This book is a comprehensive guide to the Western Mandarin language as spoken in Western China. It includes a detailed syllabic and English index, making it an ideal resource for students and travelers alike. Adam Grainger's clear and concise explanations of grammar and vocabulary make this an essential guide to mastering the language.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Vocabulary Of The Language Spoken At The Great Loo-choo Island In The Japan Sea
Step into the fascinating world of the Loo-Choo Islanders, and discover the unique language spoken on this remote Japanese island. Herbert John Clifford provides an in-depth survey of the island's vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, shedding light on a little-known corner of the linguistic landscape.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
First Lessons in English and Tamul
Originally published in the late 19th century, this unique language textbook offers a window into the world of Tamil speakers in colonial India. Part 1 includes basic English grammar and vocabulary, presented in a way that is tailored to the needs of a Tamil-speaking audience.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Short Course of Primary Lessons in Mandarin
Originally published in 1883, this book provides a simple and practical introduction to the Mandarin language for English-speaking learners. It covers the basics of grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary, and includes exercises and sample conversations to help you practice your skills. A valuable resource for anyone interested in learning Mandarin.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Grammar of the L繳sh獺i Language
This comprehensive guide to the L繳sh獺i language is an essential resource for anyone seeking to learn this fascinating language. Shaha's book features illustrative examples and translations of popular L繳sh獺i songs, as well as translations of classic fables.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Grammar of the Arabic Language
Forbes provides a clear, concise guide to the Arabic language that is ideal for students preparing for the East India Civil Service or for anyone who wants to improve their understanding of this important language. The book covers all aspects of Arabic grammar and syntax, and includes numerous exercises and examples to help reinforce learning.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Brevis Linguae Arabicae Grammatica, Litteratura, Chrestomathia Cum Glossario
Learn the essentials of Arabic grammar with this concise guide by Julius Heinrich Petermann. This book includes a grammar overview, literary selections for study, and a glossary for easy reference, making it an ideal resource for students and scholars alike. Whether you are learning Arabic for personal or professional reasons, this book is an invaluable tool in your language studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dialogues In Telugu And English
A guide to the Telugu language, with dialogues presented in both Telugu and English and grammatical analysis by Charles Philip Brown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
English-arabic Vocabulary And Dialogues For The Use Of The Army And Navy
Originally published in 1915 for the use of British soldiers and sailors stationed in the Middle East, this book is a practical and comprehensive guide to the Arabic language. Featuring detailed vocabulary lists and dialogues for common situations, as well as helpful cultural notes and pronunciation guides, this book is a valuable resource for anyone learning Arabic, whether for military or civilian purposes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
English and Chinese Lessons
Originally published in 1876, this book is a primer on the basics of both English and Mandarin Chinese. It provides simple explanations of grammar and syntax, and includes exercises and vocabulary lists, making it ideal for beginners and those looking to brush up on their language skills.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primitive & Mediaeval Japanese Texts, Transliterated Into Roman, With Introductions, Notes, and Glossaries
This collection of ancient Japanese texts, written in Roman characters and accompanied by helpful commentary and translations, provides a valuable window into the richness of Japanese language and culture. From classic poetry and literature to historical documents and legal treatises, this book offers something for anyone interested in the history and literature of Japan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Compendio Da Grammatica Arabica Abbreviado
This concise guide to Arabic grammar is an essential resource for anyone looking to master the language. With clear explanations and easy-to-follow examples, Compendio da Grammatica Arabica provides a solid foundation in the structure and syntax of Arabic. Whether you're a beginner or a more advanced learner, this book is sure to help you achieve your language goals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Avesta Grammar In Comparison With Sanskrit
This book is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of the Avestan language, the language of the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. The book compares Avesta with Sanskrit, another ancient Indo-European language and provides an introduction to the history, literature, and religion of the Avesta. The book is an essential resource for scholars and students interested in the comparative study of Indo-European languages and the history and culture of ancient Iran.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
This is a comprehensive guide to the grammar of ancient Persian. It includes primary sources and historical collections to help readers understand the language in its cultural and historical context.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Grammar of Arabic
A Grammar of Arabic models a new framework for studying varieties of Arabic comparatively, highlighting the patterns of variation and consistency and showing how different styles, from primarily spoken and casual to primarily written and formal, are linguistically interrelated.
Keep Going (歩き続けよう)
"Embark on a journey of enrichment with the Motivational Japanese Writing & Coloring Book, a novel blend of Japanese writing practice intertwined with motivational quotes. Designed for both adults and teenagers at beginner to intermediate levels, this workbook does more than offer traditional Japanese studies; it weaves together art and wisdom for a holistic learning experience.Inside this distinctive Japanese writing and colouring workbook, you'll uncover: ✅ Inspirational Quotes: Dive into Japanese writing practice with quotes that champion positivity, resilience, and wisdom for your everyday life.✅ Dual Language Exploration: Every quote is presented in Japanese and complemented with an English translation, bolstering your grasp and comprehension of Japanese.✅ Catered for Beginners to Intermediate Learners: Designed for both adult and teenage learners at the beginning and intermediate stages. Struggling with Kanji? Every Kanji is paired with Furigana to assist you. Plus, the English translations offer a handy cross-reference.✅ Art-Infused Learning: By colouring the quotes you practice writing, you activate diverse cognitive pathways, enhancing retention and understanding of Japanese phrases.✅ The Perfect Gift: Ideal for language enthusiasts, lovers of motivational quotes, or anyone seeking a blend of creativity and education. This book uniquely marries personal growth, relaxation, and language immersion in a beginner-friendly manner.Step into the realm of "Keep Going (歩き続けよう): Motivational Japanese Writing & Coloring Book" and savour the thrill of mastering the Japanese language through the evocative world of motivational quotes.Are you poised for this transformative odyssey? Secure your copy today!"
Beginning Korean
Beginning Korean is a Korean language textbook for use at the high school and college levels, involving characters who speak and interact in Korean with beginner-to-intermediate-level proficiency.
Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Kanashi
Kanashi, a Sino-Tibetan (ST) language belonging to the West Himalayish (WH) subbranch of this language family, is spoken in one single village (Malana in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh state, India), which is surrounded by villages where - entirely unrelated - Indo-Aryan (IA) languages are spoken. Until we started working on Kanashi, very little linguistic material was available. Researchers have long speculated about the prehistory of Kanashi: how did it happen that it ended up spoken in one single village, completely cut off from its closest linguistic relatives? Even though suggestions have been made of a close genealogical relation between Kanashi and Kinnauri (another WH language), at present separated by over 200 km of rugged mountainous terrain, their shared linguistic features have not been discussed in the literature. Based on primary fieldwork, this volume presents some synchronic and diachronic aspects of Kanashi. The synchronic description of Kanashi includes a general introduction on Malana and the Kanashi language community (chapter 1), linguistic descriptions of its sound system (chapter 2), of phonological variation in Kanashi (chapter 4), of its grammar (chapter 3) and of its intriguing numeral systems (chapter 5), as well as basic vocabulary lists (Kanashi-English, English-Kanashi) (chapter 9). As for the diachronic and genealogical aspects (chapters 6-8), we compare and contrast Kanashi with other ST languages of this region (in particular languages of Kinnaur, notably Kinnauri), thereby uncovering some intriguing linguistic features common to Kanashi and Kinnauri which provide insights into their common history. For instance: a subset of borrowed IA nouns and adjectives in both languages end in -(a)ŋ or -(a)s, elements which do not otherwise appear in Kanashi or Kinnauri, nor in the IA donor languages (chapter 6); and both languages have a valency changing mechanism where the valency increasing marker -jaː alternates with the intransitive marker -e(d) in borrowed IA verbs (again: elements without an obvious provenance in the donor or recipient language) (chapter 7). These features are neither found in IA languages nor in the WH languages geographically closest to Kanashi (Pattani, Bunan, Tinani), but only in Kinnauri, which is spoken further away. Intriguingly, traces of some of these features are also found in some ST languages belonging to different ST subgroups (both WH and non-WH), spoken in Uttarakhand in India and in western Nepal (e.g. Rongpo, Chaudangsi, Raji and Raute). This raises fundamental questions regarding genealogical classification, language contact and prehistory of the WH group of languages and of this part of the Indian Himalayas, which are also discussed in the volume (chapter 8).
Learn Hindi for Beginners - Basic Hindi Simplified for You
Dive into the vibrant world of Hindi with our beginner-friendly guide! ����✨ Are you eager to learn Hindi but not sure where to kick things off? Look no further! Our book, "Learn Hindi for Beginners," is your ultimate roadmap to mastering the language with ease and confidence.Packed with engaging lessons, this book guides you seamlessly through Hindi grammar essentials, pronunciation nuances, rich vocabulary, and essential sentence structures. Whether you're a student ����, a wanderlust traveler ✈️, or simply intrigued by India's language and culture ��������, this is your golden ticket to diving deep!Don't just dream it, do it! Embark on a thrilling odyssey into the heart of Hindi language and culture today with "Learn Hindi for Beginners."���� Here's a sneak peek into the chapters we'll explore: Chapter 1: Introduction to Hindi LanguageChapter 2: Alphabet and PronunciationChapter 3: Greetings and Basic ConversationChapter 4: Numbers and CountingChapter 5: Grammar BasicsChapter 6: Adjectives and AdverbsChapter 7: Verbs and TensesChapter 8: Nouns and ArticlesChapter 9: Questions and NegationChapter 10: Idioms and ExpressionsChapter 11: Writing SystemChapter 12: Honorfics in HindiChapter 13: Slang and ColloquialismsChapter 14: Hindi VocabularyAnimals vocabularyFamily vocabularyTime vocabularyColors vocabularyShapes vocabularyWeather vocabularyTransportation vocabularyFood vocabularyFruits vocabularyVegetables vocabularyEmotions vocabulary
Colloquial Persian
Colloquial Persian: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed to provide a step-by-step course to Persian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical, and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Persian in a broad range of situations.Each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points across different key topics for communicating in Persian. This fourth edition offers thoroughly updated and expanded cultural notes, refined language points offering greater clarity and understanding of the most difficult points, a clearer introduction to the Persian script, and new audio material. Balanced, comprehensive, and rewarding, Colloquial Persian is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Persian. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: - A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills.- Jargon-free, succinct, and clearly structured explanations of grammar.- An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises.- Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations.- Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Iran.- An overview of the sounds of Persian.Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. The audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
The Last King of Shang, Book 2
This is the 2nd book, in Chinese, pinyin and English, of the Last King of Shang series by Jeff Pepper and Xiao Hui Wang. In ancient China, the Shang kingdom descends into chaos as Daji, the beautiful thousand year old fox spirit, bewitches the king. Opposing him, the brilliant strategist Jiang Ziya navigates political intrigue and divine machinations to protect the kingdom. Mortals and immortals intertwine in alliances, betrayals, and sacrifice, as they grapple with fate, love, and the power of destiny. This book, the second in the series, is based on chapters 18 through 34 of The Investiture of the Gods. It is a compelling tale of honor, ambition, and divine struggles, with rich storytelling and vivid imagery. This high-stakes saga explores the clash between gods and humans, and the trials of those who must choose between loyalty to the king and their own honor.Best-selling authors Jeff Pepper and Xiao Hui Wang have retold this epic story to make it accessible to Chinese readers of all levels, using a limited vocabulary, simpler sentences, and fewer proper nouns. Each page of Chinese is also shown in phonetic pinyin. Words not included in the HSK4 list of commonly used words are defined where they first appear. A full English translation and glossary are included in the back of the book. A free audiobook is available on YouTube.Jeff Pepper and Xiao Hui Wang are co-authors of dozens of popular books for English-speaking people learning Chinese language and culture, including the 31-volume Journey to the West series, and innovative translations of the Dao De Jing, Art of War, and San Zi Jing. Their books are available at www.imagin8press.com and from most online booksellers.======================A Guide to Different Editions=======================The Last King of Shang books are available in several different formats, depending on what you're looking for. They are listed below. You can also visit www.imagin8press.com, where you will find purchase links for all the books listed here.The Last King of Shang -- in EnglishAvailable in: paperback and ebookThe Last King of Shang -- in Simplified ChineseAvailable in: paperback and ebookThe Last King of Shang -- in Simplified Chinese, pinyin and EnglishAvailable in: oversized hardcover ("coffee table" size) and ebookThe Last King of Shang -- audiobook - in spoken ChineseAvailable in: audiobookA series of 6 individual paperbacks, in Simplified Chinese, pinyin and EnglishAvailable in: paperback and ebook
Basic Emirati Arabic
Basic Emirati Arabic: A Grammar and Workbook is an elementary-level grammar of the variety of Gulf Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates.
New Generation Korean
New Generation Korean is an immersive and visually appealing resource specifically designed for secondary and post-secondary Korean language learners, as well as independent self-study enthusiasts. Meticulously crafted by experienced instructors with a deep understanding of the Korean language, this revised second edition presents targeted learning objectives and best-practice lessons across eight comprehensive chapters.With a focus on practicality and effectiveness, New Generation Korean guides students on a path toward attaining Korean language proficiency while fostering a genuine appreciation for Korean culture. To further enhance the learning experience, audio files are included, complementing the content with authentic auditory material. Convenient QR codes are provided throughout, facilitating quick access to audio clips, and promoting effective listening practice.
Keep Going
Embark on an enriching journey with the Motivational Korean Writing & Coloring Book, a unique combination of Korean writing practice and motivational quotes, tailored for adults at a beginner level. This workbook offers more than just a Korean study for beginners, it integrates art and wisdom to make learning Korean an enriching experience.Here's what you'll discover in this Hangul practice & coloring workbook: ✅ Inspirational Quotes: Engage in Korean Hangul writing practice with motivational quotes that not only inspire positivity and resilience but also provide wisdom to apply to your daily life.✅ Dual Language Practice: Each quote in this book, is written in Korean, but completed with an English translation to help improve your understanding and comprehension of the Korean language.✅ Art and Language Combined: As a unique Korean coloring book, it stimulates your creativity while helping you internalize the quotes and their meanings, turning language learning into a therapeutic activity.✅ For Beginner and Intermediate Levels: This Korean workbook for adult beginners and intermediate learners caters to all levels. No prior knowledge is necessary to enjoy and learn from this book.✅ Learning Reinforced by Art: By coloring the quotes you're practicing to write, you engage different parts of your brain, facilitating better memorization and understanding of Korean phrases and expressions.✅ Ideal Gift: Perfect for language learners, motivational quote lovers, or anyone looking for a creative yet educational pastime. It's a unique gift that brings together personal growth, relaxation, and language learning in a simple, beginner-friendly format.Begin your enriching journey with the "Keep Going: Motivational Korean Writing & Coloring Book" today, and experience the joy of learning the Korean language through the inspirational lens of motivational quotes.​​​​​​​Are you ready for this transformative journey? Grab a copy today!
New Generation Korean Workbook
New Generation Korean Workbook serves as an invaluable companion to the New Generation Korean: Beginner Level textbook, supporting students in acquiring essential reading, writing, and comprehension skills in the Korean language. Designed to be user-friendly, this second edition spans eight chapters, aligning seamlessly with the textbook.Within each chapter, students will discover well-crafted practice questions accompanied by helpful cues, prompting them to reinforce their knowledge. The workbook also features QR codes strategically placed to facilitate access to audio clips, ensuring students have ample opportunities for listening comprehension exercises. Guided instruction and self-assessment opportunities throughout the workbook empower students to steadily build confidence as they engage in vocabulary expansion, grammar exercises, listening practice, and writing activities.
Learn Japanese Hiragana - The Workbook for Beginners
The ideal Japanese beginners' workbook! Packed with useful information and step-by-step guides to make learning easy and fast: Stroke Order Diagrams & Writing InstructionsHiragana Flash Cards to cut-out and keepOver 90+ Pages of Japanese Calligraphy PracticeIntroduction to the Alphabet Systems of JapanPerfect for Beginner and Elementary LevelsThis Learn Hiragana Workbook is for adults and kids that want to learn or improve their Japanese Calligraphy skills. It has been designed with lots of self-study exercises, how-to-write style practice pages for each letter, and even includes a set of Hiragana Flashcards that you can photocopy or cut out and keep! Your tutor, George Tanaka, will teach you everything you need to know about this first script, with just enough detail to get you started quickly - but not so much that you will be overwhelmed at this early stage.We produce a range of helpful textbooks and resources that cover all sorts of subjects - Be sure to check our author page to find your next lesson, Katakana!Whether teaching yourself or looking for that perfect gift to give to a foreign language friend, this book is the best way to learn Japanese.
Chinese Short Stories for Beginners
So, you're learning Mandarin Chinese... but just can't find the ideal reading material?Good news - we've got you covered.Many students of Mandarin Chinese constantly find a massive obstacle when trying to develop their reading skills - a total lack of high-quality reading material. This can not only make the learning processes tougher but also force the student to lose interest.This is why we've created a sequel to our highly successful previous Short Stories book - with Chinese Short Stories for Beginners Volume 2, we want to continue helping students build their Chinese connection with 1.2 billion Mandarin speakers worldwide!20 easy-to-read, entertaining and interesting stories await inside, along with the best tools to help you practice once you're done reading each tale. Our book will ensure you not only can read something that will expand your knowledge on Mandarin Chinese, but that you will understand and be able to pick it apart piece by piece in your quest for learning.How Chinese Short Stories for Beginners Volume 2 works: - Each of the book's twenty chapters will use a story filled with day-to-day terms, useful Mandarin Chinese language tools and entertaining storylines to help you expand your knowledge of the Chinese culture.- Using Chinese characters, Pinyin romanization AND an English translation in each chapter, you will develop a fluent understanding of Chinese writing!- A summary synopsis in Chinese, Pinyin and in English of what you just read, both to review the lesson and for you to see if you understood the story.- At the end of those summaries, you'll be provided with a list of the most relevant vocabulary involved in the lesson, as well as slang and sayings that you may not have caught at first glance!- Finally, you'll be provided with a set of tricky questions in Chinese, providing you with the chance to prove that you learned something in the story. Don't worry if you don't know the answer to any - we will provide them immediately after, but no cheating!Do you think you can handle it? If the answer is yes, then you're definitely on your way to becoming a fluent Mandarin Chinese speaker, and we'll certainly make your dreams come true!So look no further! Pick up your copy of Chinese Short Stories for Beginners Volume 2 and start learning Chinese right now!
Fundamental Structures of the Chinese Language
Fundamental Structures of the Chinese Language is an exceptional resource for understanding how Chinese grammar functions in natural discourse.
Dialogues In Telugu And English
A guide to the Telugu language, with dialogues presented in both Telugu and English and grammatical analysis by Charles Philip Brown.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Compendio Da Grammatica Arabica Abbreviado
This concise guide to Arabic grammar is an essential resource for anyone looking to master the language. With clear explanations and easy-to-follow examples, Compendio da Grammatica Arabica provides a solid foundation in the structure and syntax of Arabic. Whether you're a beginner or a more advanced learner, this book is sure to help you achieve your language goals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Brevis Linguae Arabicae Grammatica, Litteratura, Chrestomathia Cum Glossario
Learn the essentials of Arabic grammar with this concise guide by Julius Heinrich Petermann. This book includes a grammar overview, literary selections for study, and a glossary for easy reference, making it an ideal resource for students and scholars alike. Whether you are learning Arabic for personal or professional reasons, this book is an invaluable tool in your language studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Primary Sources, Historical Collections
This historical collection features primary sources related to the grammar and structure of the Japanese spoken language, with a foreword by T.S. Wentworth. It provides a detailed analysis of the language, its nuances, and its evolution over time. This collection is an essential resource for linguists, language students, and anyone interested in the Japanese language and culture. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
