Les Cahiers Du Dictionnaire, 2024,16
Contributeurs: Michel Arouimi, Giovanni Dotoli, Salah Mejri, Hamid Reza Shairi, Nasrin Esmaeili, Isabelle Turcan, Eric Turcat, Claudia Maria Tresso, Nahid Djalili Marand, Annalisa Greco, Mario Selvaggio, Maria Leo, Sharareh Chavoshian, Azadi Nassim, Eskandarpour Elham, Naseri Narjes, Roshan Parnian, Shishechi Mahtab, Zahedzadeh Hanieh, Carmen Cortes Zaborras, Frederic-Gael Theuriau, Emma Vacher Olivares, Ana Belen Quero Leiva, Sepideh Yeganeh, Sharareh Chavoshian, Salah J. Khan, Brigitte Lepinette, Loic Depecker, Jean-Nicolas De Surmont.
Norms and Standards for Language Resources Protection in China
This open-access book presents standards which were developed by the Project for the Protection of Language Resources of China (PPLRC). At present, China is home to some of the world's richest language resources. However, in the course of globalization and urbanization, many dialects and dialect cultures are now in danger of being irretrievably lost. The PPLRC was launched in 2015 and has since produced the world's largest language resources database (zhongguoyuyan.cn). Against this backdrop, the international conference on "Role of Linguistic Diversity in Building a Global Community with Shared Future: Protection, Access and Promotion to Global Language Resources" was jointly held by the Chinese Government and the UNESCO in 2018. During the conference, "Protection and Promotion of Linguistic Diversity of the World: Yuelu Proclamation" was adopted. The book includes three parts: 1. Congratulatory message from Ms. Audrey Azoulay: UNESCO promotes linguistic diversity by contributing to the preservation and revitalization of endangered languages. She expresses her hope that the conference will enhance the consensus of countries on the protection of language resources and create more opportunities for communication and cooperation. 2. The Protection and Promotion of Linguistic Diversity of the World: Yuelu Proclamation: It is the first UNESCO text of its kind dedicated to the protection of linguistic diversity, and is considered a landmark document that will play a central role in guiding the efforts of countries and regions around the world in protecting linguistic resources and diversity. 3. Four standards: The first three standards were developed by the PPLRC and concern the investigation and protection of dialects, minority languages, and dialect cultures in China. The fourth standard represent the guidelines for the PPLRC. The four standards reflect the valuable experience of PPLRC and offer other countries and regions a blueprint for protecting language resources and promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.
Everyday Linguistic and Cultural Practices of the Russophone Diaspora
This book explores the language maintenance of Russian abroad, emphasizing the role of educational ventures and transnational communications facilitated by the internet, pointing to shifts in values and migration expectations, and reflecting on the evolution of diasporic communities and the dynamic adaptation of the Russian language.
Nonnative English-Speaking Teachers of U.S. College Composition
Featuring the voices of 22 linguistically and geographically diverse authors from a variety of institutional contexts throughout the United States, this edited collection calls attention to the experiences of an important and growing group of writing instructors: those who have learned English as an additional language. Focusing on this critical part of the growing linguistic and cultural diversity of writing programs and classrooms, the contributors to his collection deepen our understanding of an important but relatively unexamined aspect of U.S. writing instruction. By exploring ways that writing programs can build on the strengths that multilingual students and teachers bring to the classroom, this collection offers promising strategies for creating more inclusive writing programs.
Speech
What is speech? Where did it come from?Speech is the exchange of information for mutual social orientation. Its fundamental features are simplicity of structure and universal referential usage. Gaona traces the evolution of signal calls of anthropoid apes and early hominins to the vocalized utterances of speech. The signal call's frequency components were deconstructed and rearranged (isomeric reordering), leading to the breakthrough discovery of the syllable as a uniquely creative unit of communication. Determining the source of the vocalic and consonantal elements of the syllable as its integrative framework is essential to understanding the origin of speech. Vowels are the key element of every syllable, positioned invariably at the peak of an acoustic wave form to which consonantal elements can be added at the beginning or end. Vowels were first isolated during the ritualized practice of group tonal vocalization as the only consistent, effective carriers of referential sound, with proto-consonantal oral noises excluded as interruptive and unsustainable (i.e., t - k - b). At the utterance of a vowel (or vowel equivalent), the syllabic wave emerges. Subsequently, the previously excluded noises would be incorporated with the vowel into the cohering acoustic wave-energy field of the syllable. As an ordered set of phonic elements, the syllable is the fundamental combinatory (tap, pat, apt) and permutational (tap-es-try, pat-tern, ap-ti-tude) structure generative of lexical items: the foundational basis of speech. Gaona's study focuses on: The semiotic and cognitive importance of the ritual display performance (a series of actions that are performed in a specific order and often have cultural or spiritual significance); How hominins first learned the significance and use of signs by tracking animals, an essential precursor of speech born of the need to track data and communicate the results to the group; Stepping as a group: the regulated collective pace as the source of sustained rhythmical progression, leading to dance, music and the prosody of speech (the patterns of rhythm and sound); and The interval: uniformity of the collective step and its patterned subdivisions (i.e., half step or quarter step) as the origin of choreography of movement (dance), scalar melodic composition (music) and the prosodic intermittence of speech (stress and intonation).
The discovery. A comedy. As it is performed at the Theatre-Royal, in Drury-Lane. Written by the editor of Miss Sidney Bidulph.
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Intercultural Citizenship in Higher Education
Natural Language Ontology and Semantic Theory
This Element gives an introduction to the emerging discipline of natural language ontology. Natural language ontology is an area at the interface of semantics, metaphysics, and philosophy of language that is concerned with which kinds of objects are assumed by our best semantic theories. The Element reviews different strategies for identifying a language's ontological commitments. It observes that, while languages share a large number of their ontological commitments (such as to individuals, properties, events, and kinds), they differ in other commitments (for example, to degrees). The Element closes by relating different language and theory-specific ontologies, and by pointing out the merits and challenges of identifying inter-category relations within a single ontology.
Natural Language Ontology and Semantic Theory
This Element gives an introduction to the emerging discipline of natural language ontology. Natural language ontology is an area at the interface of semantics, metaphysics, and philosophy of language that is concerned with which kinds of objects are assumed by our best semantic theories. The Element reviews different strategies for identifying a language's ontological commitments. It observes that, while languages share a large number of their ontological commitments (such as to individuals, properties, events, and kinds), they differ in other commitments (for example, to degrees). The Element closes by relating different language and theory-specific ontologies, and by pointing out the merits and challenges of identifying inter-category relations within a single ontology.
A History of English Spelling
Popularly viewed as eccentric and illogical, dismissed by linguists as fixed and therefore uninteresting, English spelling is the Cinderella of modern linguistics. But it is a complex and fascinating subject. With a rich history of variation, English spelling has much to offer diachronic sociolinguists, while study of its history helps to explain many of today's apparent irregularities. The story of its standardisation, beginning with the advent of the printing press, and the destandardisation currently being witnessed on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, offers new perspectives on how technology drives linguistic change, and reveals fascinating insights into the ways in which variable spelling is being repurposed today.With plenty of exercises, worked examples throughout and a concluding chapter on how to create your own research project, Simon Horobin encourages you to delve into the rich and varied landscape of English spelling.
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Intercultural Citizenship in Higher Education
Lifelong Motivation and Foreign Language Learning
This book traces the motivational dynamics embedded within lifelong foreign language learning trajectories, examining the factors which generate and sustain motivation throughout a learner's life. Embracing a complexity approach, it views motivation as a long-term individual process that evolves along a narrative continuum, developing over the course of life, personal experiences, choices and events. This narrative inquiry delves into the captivating and unique experiences of three exceptionally motivated older adult learners who have embarked on a lifelong foreign language journey and maintained their momentum after 60. It will be relevant to researchers interested in third age language acquisition, L2 motivation and the impact of additional language learning on wellbeing. It also offers pedagogical guidance to optimise language education quality through better appreciation and anticipation of the autonomous third age learning experience.
A History of English Spelling
Popularly viewed as eccentric and illogical, dismissed by linguists as fixed and therefore uninteresting, English spelling is the Cinderella of modern linguistics. But it is a complex and fascinating subject. With a rich history of variation, English spelling has much to offer diachronic sociolinguists, while study of its history helps to explain many of today's apparent irregularities. The story of its standardisation, beginning with the advent of the printing press, and the destandardisation currently being witnessed on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, offers new perspectives on how technology drives linguistic change, and reveals fascinating insights into the ways in which variable spelling is being repurposed today.With plenty of exercises, worked examples throughout and a concluding chapter on how to create your own research project, Simon Horobin encourages you to delve into the rich and varied landscape of English spelling.
Critical Thinking for English-Language Learners
Critical Thinking for English-Language Learners is an accessible introduction to critical thinking and the use of informal logic for learners of English.
Researching Second Language Classrooms
This volume provides graduate students and experienced researchers with a comprehensive guide to applying qualitative and mixed methods in classroom-based research on second language learning and teaching.
Studies on Interrogative and Relative Syntax in French and Romance
Friends with Words
The word nerd gift book of the year! With warmth and humor, a popular radio and podcast host shares her love of language, weaving together linguistic history, regional phrases, the hidden poetry in etymologies, new words, and stories from her life and time on the air. Martha Barnette has spent two decades as the co-host of A Way with Words, lauded by Mary Norris in The New Yorker as "a virtual treasure house" and "'Car Talk' for Lexiphiles." Over that time, she's developed a keen sense of what fascinates people about language. They are curious about etymology and revel in slang, are surprised by regional vocabulary and celebrate linguistic diversity. Idioms both puzzle and delight word lovers, and they are eager to share family neologisms and that weird phrase Grandma always used to say. In Friends with Words, Barnette weaves together all these strands in a clear, informative, highly entertaining exploration of language. Chock-full of anecdotes, humorous asides, new words, trivia, and other lexicological delights, Friends with Words also tells Barnette's story--from her Appalachian roots through her study of Ancient Greek, and on to the making of a beloved and enduring show. Friends with Words is an expert, good-humored, joyful read, a perfect gift book.
Aqu穩 Se Habla
Aqu穩 se habla serves to envision a more just and equitable Spanish language education that centers language learning as a deeply personal, local, and lifelong practice. Organized around long-standing tension points within and outside the field, this volume features a unique set of contributors whose diverse perspectives help to deconstruct disciplinary boundaries and elevate the knowledge and lived experiences of U.S. Spanish speakers. With chapters that include a variety of formats and dialogues between authors, this invaluable resource is collectively crafted by and for students, researchers, educators, and community partners.
An Introduction to Discourse Analysis
This bestselling textbook provides a comprehensive guide to conducting discourse analysis. The book outlines Gee's approach, which involves examining how language is used in context to construct meaning, identities, relationships, and social practices.The theoretical framework is built around seven "building tasks" that language performs: significance, practices, identities, relationships, politics, connections, and sign systems and knowledge. Gee introduces six "tools of inquiry" for analyzing these tasks: situated meanings, social languages, figured worlds, intertextuality, Discourses, and Conversations.Methodologically, Gee emphasizes the importance of context and the reciprocal relationship between language and context. He discusses transcription, outlines the components of an "ideal" discourse analysis, and addresses issues of validity.The book provides practical guidance on analyzing various aspects of language, such as intonation units, stanzas, and the overall organization of oral and written texts. Gee uses interview data to demonstrate how identities and socially situated meanings are constructed through language.This new edition is updated throughout with new examples and a new chapter on multimodal discourse analysis, demonstrating how Gee's approach can be applied to texts that combine language with other modes of communication, like images or video. Overall, the book equips readers with a robust toolkit for systematically analyzing discourse.An Introduction to Discourse Analysis can be used as a stand-alone textbook or ideally used in conjunction with the practical companion title How to do Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit. Together they provide the complete resource for students studying discourse analysis.
Sing Me Back Home
Set on the Italian island of Sardinia, Sing Me Back Home explores language and culture through songwriting as an ethnographic method. Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork writing songs with Sardinian musicians, artisans, shepherds, poets, and language activists, Kristina Jacobsen asks, how are Sardinian lives and language ideologies narrated against the backdrop of American music?The book shows how Sardinian musicians sing their own history between the lines, in songs, in stories about songs, in the recording studio, and in the "stage patter" performed between songs during performances. It reveals how Sardinian songs become a site of transduction where, through the process of songwriting, recording, and performance, the energy from one genre of music and lingua-culture is harnessed to signal another one much closer to home.Sing Me Back Home is accompanied by an album of original songs written and recorded in the field, with links to songs in each chapter. It includes songwriting prompts and lyrics, a glossary of key terms, tables to break down theoretical concepts, and photographs from the field. Drawing on work from critical collaborative research, auto-ethnography, public anthropology, arts-based research, and ethnographic poetry, this sensory ethnography offers new ways for us to hear culture through stories and songs.
Second Language Acquisition
Now in its sixth edition, this bestselling textbook remains the cornerstone for the study of second language acquisition, providing a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to SLA.
Endangered Language Varieties in Italy and the Balkans
The contributions to this volume can be traced back to the talks given at the conference "Safeguarding the multiplicity of languages in Europe: Linguistic varieties and minorities at risk in Italy and the Balkans. Linguistic sustainability and policies", which took place at the Villa Vigoni in March 2018. These texts, from the fields of (socio-)linguistics, cultural studies and literary studies, aim to examine language(s) policy and the protection of alloglossia within the framework of pan-European, national and regional measures. They also reflect upon the future prospects and consequences of these measures. The entries deal with the following issues: minority language policies in Europe: the revitalisation of languages and perspectives for the future; linguistic landscapes and how minority languages "survive"; and contact linguistics and multilingualism as phenomena in minority languages. Amongst other things, the volume shows how centuries-old relationships between both southern European peninsulas are reflected in minority languages, as can be seen in the southern Slavic, Albanian, Greek and Balkan Romance varieties in Italy, but also in the various Romance varieties in the Balkans. Furthermore, varieties of German in Italy will also be discussed.
The Discursive Construction of Migrant Identities
This edited volume explores how migrant identities are created and constructed in discourse both by migrants themselves and by others. The contributors reveal how migrant identities are discursively constructed by those with lived experiences of mobility and those who view themselves as part of the 'host' population. This dual focus responds to a lack of previous research examining migration representation from both perspectives. Readers will discover how the discursive constructions of migrant identities in different domains relate to one another. The case studies include a broad range of text types from film, government documents and narrative accounts to newspapers and Twitter. They also cover a wide range of contexts including Argentina, Australia, Italy, Romania, and UK, making this is a more comprehensive account of the framing of migration than has been previously accomplished. The chapters all follow the same structure to help the reader learn how to investigate migration discourses using qualitative and quantitative (critical) discourse analytic approaches.
Securing the Prize
How presidential metaphors have shaped US discourse on the Persian Gulf From the 1970s to the 1990s American presidents and their advisers introduced four metaphors into foreign-policy discourse that taught Americans to view the Persian Gulf as a vulnerable region and site of US responsibility on the world stage. In Securing the Prize: Presidential Metaphor and US Intervention in the Persian Gulf, Randall Fowler argues that, for half a century, metaphor has been central to defining America's role in the Middle East. Metaphors served as shorthand for presidents to promote their policies, filtering through the judgments of officials, journalists, experts, and critics to mediate American perceptions of the Gulf War. Tracing the use of security metaphors from President Richard Nixon to President George W. Bush, Fowler revises mainstream understandings regarding the origins of the War on Terror and explains the disconnect between skeptical public attitudes toward US involvement in the Gulf War and the heavy American military footprint in the region.
