Kanji Alchemy
Due to various reasons most Japanese characters (kanji) have two or more pronunciations and frequently different meanings as well. Although kanji often have a Sino-Chinese reading (on-yomi), a native Japanese reading (kun-yomi) and a reading for Japanese names (nanori), they on occasion only have one reading. This textbook is designed to highlight a range of nearly 700 characters that have one reading only. The current Jouyou Kanji (regular-use kanji) list consists of 2136 characters so approximately one-third of these characters have a one-to-one relationship between sound and symbol. Focusing initially on the 700 characters will strongly reduce the burden on memory and make the learning process a great deal less onerous.
English Education in Southeast Asian Contexts
This volume examines English education, English language teaching, and language policy in all eleven Southeast Asian countries. Offering conceptual and empirical work spanning a wide range of topics, geographical contexts, and educational levels, this book provides a unique perspective on TESOL and language policy studies in Southeast Asia.
Agent-Oriented Manner Adverbials in German
The work offers a new perspective on the semantics of agent-oriented manner adverbials, actions and intentionality. It proposes a treatment of these adverbials which accounts for their impact on the manner of the event as well as for their agent-orientation. The analysis is developed in a case study of German sorgf瓣ltig ('carefully') and vorsichtig ('cautiously') and makes use of the philosophical concept of action-plans. It is proposed that the modifier sorgf瓣ltig has impact on the given goal of the agent while vorsichtig introduces an additional goal of minimizing risk. The modification of the goal restricts the possible methods of realization of the action, i.e. the manner of action. The analysis makes use of Goldman's Theory of Human Action and is spelled out in D羹sseldorf Frame Theory, including extensions in the form of Cascade Theory and the semantic adaptation of models of intention from the philosophical literature. Altogether, the formalization involves a detailed representation of actions and plans, i.e. of intentionality, necessary to capture the complexity of a number of modification phenomena.
The Stylistics of 'You'
This book takes 'you', the reader, on board an interdisciplinary journey across genre, time and medium with the second-person pronoun. It offers a model of the various pragmatic functions and effects of 'you' according to different variables and linguistic parameters, cutting across a wide range of genres (ads, political slogans, tweets, news presentation, literary genres etc.), and bringing together print and digital texts under the same theoretical banner. Drawing on recent research into intersubjectivity in neuropsychology and socio-cognition, it delves into the relational and ethical processing at work in the reading of a second-person pronoun narrative. When 'you' takes on its more traditional deictic function of address, the author-reader channel can be opened in different ways, which is explored in examples taken from Fielding, Bront禱, Orwell, Kincaid, Grimsley, Royle, Adichie, Bartlett, Auster, and even Spacey's 'creepy' 2018 YouTube video, ultimately foregrounding continuities and contrasts in the positioning of the audience.
Action Ascription in Interaction
Bringing together a team of global experts, this is the first volume to focus on the ways in which meanings are ascribed to actions in social interaction. It builds on the research traditions of Conversation Analysis and Pragmatics, and highlights the role of interactional, social, linguistic, multimodal, and epistemic factors in the formation and ascription of action-meanings. It shows how inference and intention ascription are displayed and drawn upon by participants in social interaction. Each chapter reveals practices, processes, and uses of action ascription, based on the analysis of audio and video recordings from nine different languages. Action ascription is conceptualised in this volume as not merely a cognitive process, but a social action in its own right that is used for managing interactional concerns and guiding the subsequent course of social interaction. It will be essential reading for academic researchers and advanced students interested in the relationship between language, behaviour and social interaction.
A History of the Hausa Language
With more than sixty million speakers across Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and Ghana Hausa is one of the most widely spoken African languages. It is known for its rich phonology and complex morphological and verbal systems. Written by the world's leading expert on Hausa, this ground-breaking book is a synthesis of his life's work, and provides a lucid and comprehensive history of the language. It describes Hausa as it existed in former times and sets out subsequent changes in phonology, including tonology, morphology, grammar, and lexicon. It also contains a large loanword inventory, which highlights the history of Hausa's interaction with other languages and peoples. It offers new insights not only on Hausa in the past, but also on the Hausa language as spoken today. This book is an invaluable resource for specialists in Hausa, Chadic, Afroasiatic, and other African languages as well as for general historical linguists and typologists.
Creativity in Word Formation and Word Interpretation
There are many ways in which we, as speakers, are creative in how we form and interpret new words. Working across the interfaces of psychology, linguistics, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics, this book presents cutting-edge interdisciplinary research, showing how we manipulate the range of linguistic tools at our disposal to create an infinite range of words and meanings. It provides both a theoretical account of creativity in word-formation and word-interpretation, and an experimental framework with the corresponding results obtained from more than seven hundred participants. Data drawn from this vast range of speakers shows how creativity varies across gender and age, and demonstrates the complexity of relationships between the examined variables. Pioneering in its scope, this volume will pave the way for a brand new area of research in the formation and interpretation of complex words.
Constituency and convergence in the Americas
This volume brings together studies on morphosyntactic and phonological constituency from a host of languages across the Americas. The study expands on previous multivariate typological work on phonological domains by simultaneously coding the results of morphosyntactic constituency tests. The descriptions are geared towards developing a typology of constituency and linguistic levels in both morphosyntactic and phonological domains. The multivariate approach adopted in this volume deconstructs constituency tests and phonological domains into cross-linguistically comparable variables applying and extending autotypology method to the domain of constituent structure. Current methodologies for establishing constituents have been criticized for containing an in-built selection bias, where the results and interpretation of tests are chosen or sampled in such a fashion that specific analyses are prejudged to be correct or false in a non-rigorous fashion. The papers of this volume develop novel methodology for reporting and coding constituency variables for language description and comparison that seeks to reign in selection bias allowing theories concerning the relationship between morphosyntactic and phonological constituent structure to be more severely tested.
Normativity and Resilience in Translation and Culture
This book addresses the dynamics of normativity and resilience through the lens of translation. Engaging with both domestic and foreign cultural, social, economic, and ethical frameworks, the act of translation emerges as a dual force: it uncovers subtle and implicit pressures that encourage adherence to the dominant norm and has the capacity to question, disrupt or even subvert this norm. The concept of resilience, considered in its multifaceted roles as an aspect of the norm, as a means to withstand normative pressures, and as a normative demand in itself, further complicates the relationship between individual agency, systemic constraints, and collective expectations. Essays in this book explore how translation not only reflects but also contests the dynamics of power and identity within the fabric of societal and cultural norms.
Public Attitudes Towards Gender-Inclusive Language
The (potential) use of gender-inclusive language is being discussed controversially in the public sphere. Opinions on it have increasingly been voiced by individuals as well as organisations. These include state institutions, private associations, subject specialists such as linguists, and private individuals / laypeople. Views of and attitudes towards the use of gender-inclusive language cover a broad spectrum between extreme ends, and even subject specialists hold conflicting views. Research on gender-inclusive language is very much a current trend in linguistics, including the so-called 'genderless' languages. However, the focus is mostly on structural issues, while sociolinguistic research on attitudes towards the use of gender-inclusive language is mostly missing. Some scattered work in this area has been published, but a more thorough understanding and conceptualisation of attitudes is still needed. Furthermore, a multilingual, comparative perspective is still missing. This edited volume will address these shortcomings.
Barefoot in Germany
A young African woman who experiences racism, forced prostitution and discrimination in Germany. She was too naive to trust people who pretended wanting to help her.
Barefoot in Germany
A young African woman who experiences racism, forced prostitution and discrimination in Germany. She was too naive to trust people who pretended wanting to help her.
Train Narratives
Train Narratives: Journeys, Histories, and ImaginationsTrain Narratives: Journeys, Histories, and Imaginations is an insightful collection of essays exploring the impact of trains on society, culture, and history. This volume brings together diverse perspectives from scholars who examine the roles trains play in narratives across various media.The book explores into the symbolic, cultural, and historical significance of trains, from early railway travel to contemporary depictions in literature, film, and graphic novels. Essays investigate how trains have symbolized change, progress, and sometimes oppression and tragedy. It explores the history of trains, their role in colonial expansion, and their impact on urbanization and industrialization. The collection analyzes trains in literature and film as symbols of modernity, adventure, and transformation. It examines graphic novels like Art Spiegelman's Maus that use trains to convey themes of trauma, memory, and survival. Additionally, it discusses the political implications of train travel, especially during periods of conflict and displacement, and considers modern representations of trains in media and popular culture.
Maa Heritage and Origin of Clans
A lot have been studied, researched and written about the Maasai people. For instance, in the 19th century, the first attempt to put Maa, the language of the Maasai in writing was done in the person of Rev. Dr. Johann Ludwig Kraft (1810 - 1881). In 1854, he published a vocabulary of the Enkutuk Eloikob. In 1857, Jacob Erhardt, an explorer also wrote a vocabulary of Enkuduk Eloikob. And as if that was not enough, in 1883, Joseph Thomson a Scottish explorer wrote through masailand making a sketchy account of his escapades in Maasailand in which he made history for crisscrossing. In 1905, Alfred Claud Hollis was at it again when he wrote The Masai: Their language and focklore. But in this one, by then chief secretary to the Administration of the East Africa protectorate, it was the introductory part by Eliot which became a stupendous masterpiece.
Amazigh literature
Amazigh literature, also known as Berber literature, is a rich and diverse form of creative writing that reflects the culture, traditions and history of the Amazigh (or Berber) peoples, who live mainly in North Africa. It has ancient roots, dating back to centuries before our era. The Amazigh have a long history of oral transmission, and it's only more recently that their stories have been transcribed and studied academically. Amazigh literature plays a crucial role in the preservation of the Amazigh language and culture. With the rise of identity movements in the 20th century, there was a renewed interest in this literature and an effort to put it down in writing. It is a mirror of the Amazigh soul and history. It continues to live and evolve, supported by those who strive to preserve and promote a unique language and culture in an increasingly globalized world.
Navigating Tapestry of Translation Studies in Tuerkiye
Embark on a journey into the dynamic world of Translation Studies in T羹rkiye with "Navigating Tapestry of Translation Studies in T羹rkiye." This compelling volume, curated by esteemed scholars, provides a comprehensive exploration of the evolving discipline. From the role of translation in crisis communication to the impact of Neural Machine Translation technology, each chapter offers a unique perspective, reflecting the rich tapestry of translation in T羹rkiye. As the book navigates through cultural nuances, technological innovations, and transformative potentials, readers are invited to unravel the intricacies of translation on both local and global stages.
Bibliography of ZAMENGA BATUKEZANGA's literary works
In 2015, given the diversity of editions of Zamenga's literary work, we felt that a bibliography of Zamenga Batukezanga's literary work was necessary for all published works without exception. - On a systematic level first, and this is the aim sought in the bibliography of Zamenga Batukenzanga's literary work in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo published in Kinshasa, Collection (Travaux et Recherches) Kinshasa 2015. - For critical purposes thereafter, in the light of literary necessities, specific to the Democratic Republic of Congo. With regard to the first intention, we do not study the risk of omission, the consultation of the lists provided us by the librarians was as complete as possible, but the old fund of the projects of books, in particular with regard to certain works could continue to be published here and there, often in not negligible proportion moreover we tried this time, to raise missing titles.
Richard Wagamese's "Keeper'n Me" (1994). The Quest of Healing First Nation Identity in Canada
Scientific Essay from the year 2024 in the subject Literature - Canada, University of Marburg (Marburger Zentrum f羹r Kanada-Studien), language: English, abstract: The importance and role of literature originating in former colonies such as Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand or Pakistan during the last fifty years by now is undisputed since most writers gave a new push to English-speaking literature by adding matters of colonialism, racism, immigration, exile, survival, border crossing or hybrid existence. Canada hereby soon gained a key role since it was and still is considered to be an ideal place for diversity which formed the basis for a multicultural society which soon produced an enormous number of writers disposing of different political, cultural, ethnic or religious backgrounds. This essay therefore mainly deals with matters of loosing and (re-)gaining First Nation identity in contemporary Canada. It hereby throws light on a history of racism, exploitation, genocide, subjugation and discrimination which has marked Canadian history for such a long time. The loss of tradition and identity patterns hereby are of special interest since their results led to various ways of existence which constantly created multiple forms of the hybrid between two worlds - the world of the First Nations and the world of Western colonialism and its manifold realisations.
Arabic Political Discourse in Transition
10 years after the eruption of the Arab revolutions, El Mustapha Lahlali explores the dialectical relationship between discourse and social change during and post the conflict. In particular, the book examines how Arabic public and political discourse shapes and is shaped by the wider social, cultural and political environment. Analysing the dialogue of various actors, Islamic parties and stakeholder - as well as marginalised voices - Arabic Political Discourse in Transition identifies the key linguistic strategies and features used to frame, represent and position oneself at times of conflict.
Translating culture
Translating culturemes (lexical units carrying cultural information) remains a headache for translators. This difficulty is even greater when it comes to translating African cultur癡mes into Indo-European languages, in this case French. Indeed, due to the domesticating nature of French domain translation, many African authors, notably English-speaking Cameroonian authors, are reluctant to have their works translated into French, for fear of seeing their culture diluted or even erased. The corpus of The Crown of Thorns and Chopchair by Linus T. Asong's The Crown of Thorns and Chopchair serves as a framework for analyzing, evaluating and assessing the strategies and techniques that can guarantee the otherness contained in the source texts. It is in this concern to create a crossroads between the given and the received that the strategy of decentering emerges and positions itself as an alternative to domestication and foreignization. In so doing, it creates an environment of intercultural dialogue in which the source culture is preserved and embraces the canons of the target language.
Trespassing Natures
Honorable Mention, 2025 Association for the Rhetoric of Science, Technology, and Medicine Book Award As old worlds become hostile and new spaces become hospitable, many species are shifting their ranges to live in locations where they have never previously existed. Biological and sociocultural realms collide and boundaries blur, making it increasingly difficult to mark definitively who belongs and who is a trespasser. In Trespassing Natures, Donnie Johnson Sackey troubles the idea of biological "invasion," turning our attention away from scientific considerations and toward the discursive and rhetorical dimensions of this term--offering a new paradigm that recasts this issue as a question of what it means to live in multi-species communities. Presenting case studies on bed bugs, bighead carp, feral cats, and mackerel, Sackey argues that the identification of a species as an invader is not merely a scientific act, but a cultural and political one. By questioning issues around space, identity, and the institutions that make human participation apparent, Sackey redirects focus away from the belief that a single species threatens space. Ultimately, Trespassing Natures asks us to expand our idea of community and question who has the right to space.
Considerations in Learning Objectives and Didactic Activities
This book compiles two investigations conducted by Nahum Samperio S獺nchez and May繳s Loaiza Espinosa, which address teachers' considerations about learning objectives in the implementation of didactic activities in the classroom. The first research analyzes how teachers define and use specific objectives for each activity, highlighting the importance of meticulous planning. The second investigation explores direct and indirect learning activities, showing how the learning objectives selected by teachers can create optimal conditions for learning English. This book is an essential guide for teacher educators and language teachers, offering crucial insights into the choice of teaching-learning processes in the English classroom and contributing to teachers' professional development.
Shifting Horizons and Crossing Borders
The book captures key moments in the critical and creative dialogue of literary scholars, poets and artists with poet, author, documentary film-maker and literary scholar Stephanos Stephanides. Employing a polyphonic and cross-disciplinary perspective, the twenty-three essays and creative pieces flow together in cycles of continuities and discontinuities, emulating Stephanides's fluid and transgressive universe. Drawing on the broad topic of borders and crossings, Shifting Horizons and Crossing Borders offers critical material on themes such as space and place, dislocation and migration, journeys and bridges, movement and fluidity, the aesthetics and the politics of the sea, time, nostalgia and (trans)cultural memory, identity and poetics, translation and translatability, home and homecoming. An invaluable reference for anyone interested in the crosscurrents between the poetic, the cultural and the political.
Traumatic and Narrative Memories
Traumatic experience defies conventional perception and representation, as its overwhelming intensity disrupts memory integration and leads to dissociation from conscious awareness. This book employs a rigorous methodology that integrates Bessel A. van der Kolk's concepts of traumatic and narrative memory with Dominick LaCapra's frameworks of acting out and working through trauma to analyze Enda Walsh's plays. It first explores how characters' compulsive reenactments and their capacity to process trauma are shaped by political, social, and psychological dynamics. It then delves into Walsh's metaphorical critique of Irish history and global crises. The analysis addresses Misterman(1999) with its portrayal of structural and historical traumas through the protagonist's dissociative identity disorder and relentless, compulsive reenactments, The Walworth Farce(2006) and its examination of dysfunctional family, polyvictimisation, postmemory and founding trauma through the obfuscated language of the reenacted farce, and Arlington: A Love Story(2016) which discusses traumatic governance within a dystopian regime while addressing the plight of refugees and marginalised populations.
Input
Input is the name of a topic - the way that language 'out there' impacts the development of interlanguage, within the individual. It is perhaps the most important aspect of second language learning. This Element offers an overview of the key concepts related to input and the major lines of research exploring its nature and its role in second language learning. It then puts things together into a coherent, if controversial, picture of input and its role in development, emphasizing the place of consciousness. In this and most other current perspectives, implicit (unconscious) input-based learning is the heart of second language acquisition. This suggests two general options for teaching: (a) trust the natural implicit processes, trying to create optimal conditions for them; (b) direct those processes to selected features of the input, probably using explicit instruction. The conclusion is that (a) appears preferable.
Pseudology
In an age where fake news, conspiracy theories, and outright lies by political and cultural leaders are commonplace, we may be becoming accustomed to lying, or worse, even immune to it. Pseudology unravels the reasons for this by describing a "science of lying".
Global Englishes
Global Englishes, Fourth Edition has been fully revised and updated and provides an introduction to the subject that is both accessible and comprehensive.
Dancing with Metaphors in the Pulpit
Dancing with Metaphors in the Pulpit is a prequel to the writing and delivery of the sermon. The work of invention which includes the gathering of material is the primary focus of the book. The hard work of preaching takes place in the thinking, reading, and writing. The cross-disciplinary study provided here covers lessons learned by preachers and by novelists, poets, philosophers, and rhetoricians.
Portuguese Language Teaching
This report describes the activities developed during the supervised internship in Portuguese Language, carried out in the second semester of 2023, at the Francisca Moura State School, with 9th grade classes. The main aim of the internship was to give trainees the opportunity to apply pedagogical theories in practice, develop teaching skills and understand the dynamics of a classroom. During the internship period, various activities were carried out, including observing classes, planning and carrying out lessons, preparing and correcting activities and assessments. The teaching methodologies employed focused on interactive and participatory approaches, using resources such as textbooks, educational videos and group activities. Among the main challenges faced were managing the subject in the classroom and adapting the content to meet the different needs of the students. To overcome these challenges, strategies such as the use of clear rules, diversified activities and continuous feedback were implemented.
Japanese for English Speakers
Japanese for English Speakers: The author, Rosemary Healing, lived in Japan as a child and has taught Japanese in England for many years. She has a thorough appreciation of the problems that are found in the basic learning of Japanese and has presented them so they can be easily understood.This book is designed to provide a very basic introduction to the Japanese language. It gives hints on grammar, pronunciation and the writing system. It is ideal for anyone visiting Japan for the first time or for those who wish to make a start on learning the language in more detail. Scenic photos taken by the author brighten up the text.
Gamification in online language teaching
The 1970s was a milestone for video game culture. The growing demand for digital entertainment brought together different population groups around the world. As a result, combined with technological development, electronic devices such as desktop computers, notebooks, tablets and smartphones offer a particular mode of gameplay and interaction. The challenges and plots of a game make many players immerse themselves in a fantasy world experience, requiring a great deal of skill and involvement. From this context, the concept of gamification arises, based on how the mechanics (points, medals and ranking) and dynamics of games (challenges, rewards and altruism) can stimulate people's engagement in the development of everyday, academic or professional activities through fun experiences. This study aims to explain how the elements of gamification may or may not offer the conditions for learners to approach the state of Flow during the process of learning a foreign language, in an online educational resource authoring tool.
Bitch
Bitch is a bitch of a word. It used to be a straightforward insult, but today - after so many variations and efforts to reject or reclaim the word - it's not always entirely clear what it means. Bitch is a chameleon. There are good bitches and bad bitches; sexy bitches and psycho bitches; boss bitches and even perfect bitches. This eye-opening deep-dive account takes us on a journey spanning a millennium, from its humble beginnings as a word for a female dog through to its myriad meanings today, proving that sometimes you can teach an old dog new tricks. It traces the colorful history and ever-changing meaning of this powerful and controversial word, and its relevance within broader issues of feminism, gender, race, and sexuality. Despite centuries of censorship and attempts to ban it, bitch has stood the test of time. You may wonder: is the word going away anytime soon? Bitch, please.
Modality in Contact
This book explores the evolution of modal constructions of necessity and obligation in New Englishes. Focusing on Singapore English, analysis of corpus data reveals lower levels of grammaticalization compared to its lexifier, British English. This trend is explained through the lenses of a "pan-stratist" model, which considers a spectrum of forces influencing the dynamics of contact. On the one hand, cognitive mechanisms seem to favour the selection of less grammaticalized (and more transparent) variants from the lexifier. On the other hand, the substrate is positioned as a background force, actively contributing to the selection of new material to address functional gaps in the system.
Translating Borrowed Tongues
This book sheds light on the translations of renowned semiotician, essayist, and author Ilan Stavans, elucidating the ways in which they exemplify the migrant experience and translation as the interactions of living and writing in intercultural and interlinguistic spaces.
Wikis and English Language Reading Comprehension
Wikis are enabled by wiki software, otherwise known as wiki engines. A wiki engine, being a form of a content management system, differs from other web-based systems such as blog software or static site generators; in that the content is created without any defined owner or leader, and wikis have little inherent structure, allowing structure to emerge according to the needs of the users. Wiki engines usually allow content to be written using a simplified markup language and sometimes edited with the help of a rich-text editor. There are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are free and open-source, whereas others are proprietary. Some permit control over different functions (levels of access); for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding, or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control. Further rules may be imposed to organize content.
The Image of Amir Timur in English and Uzbek Literary Studies
This monograph by literary scholar Zebo Yakhshieva is devoted to the analysis of the inclusion of Amir Temur as a hero in fiction works within English and Uzbek literary studies. In the monograph, the depiction of the poet as a historical figure is analyzed within European and Uzbek literature and historical documents. The artistic representations of Amir Temur in the works of English and Turkish writers are also explored. These writers, from different eras, refer to the personality of Temur, comparing the scholarship of Eastern and Western authors. The monograph is intended for historians, philologists, and undergraduates, as well as for libraries with an interest in the life and activities of Amir Temur and the Temurids' period.
Identity of Chinese Heritage Language Learners in a Global Era
Identity of Chinese Heritage Language Learners in a Global Era enriches the current research on heritage language (HL) learner identity by examining how identity is constructed, negotiated and performed in the narratives of university Chinese HL (CHL) learners in Hong Kong.
Crossing over
The aim of this research was to find out whether, by reading literary texts, Spanish language learners are able to understand the cultural elements of a language, attributing possible meanings to them in the context of the narrative, and whether this understanding and signification enables them to expand their communicative competence. To this end, two short stories in Spanish were selected: "Rodr穩guez", by Francisco Esp穩nola and "Nos han dado la tierra", by Juan Rulfo, for which reading tests were prepared. These tests, administered to classes on the Language and Spanish Literature Complementary Degree course at UCS, showed better performance in the reading test for the short story "Nos han dado la tierra", a result attributed to a less crystallized prior view of the central elements of the narrative and to the contextualization text that made up this test. When reading the short story "Rodr穩guez", the students only transferred their previous meanings about the cultural elements addressed in the narrative, failing to identify the "gaucho" portrayed in the story as an "other".
Multilingualism in the Andes
This illuminating book critically examines multicultural language politics and policymaking in the Andean-Amazonian countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, demonstrating how issues of language and power throw light on the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state.
The Languages of COVID-19
This collection advocates for languages-based, translational research to be part of the partnerships and collaborations required to make sense of, and respond to, COVID-19 as one of the major global challenges of our time.
Narrative, Perception, and the Embodied Mind
This book encourages cross-disciplinary dialogues toward introducing a new framework for neuro-narratology, expanding on established theory within cognitive narratology to more fully encompass the different faculties involved in the reading process.
Bilingual Writers and Corpus Analysis
This innovative volume is one of the first to represent the usage of bilingual writers in both their languages, offering insight into language corpora as extremely valuable tools in contemporary applied linguistics research, and in turn, into how much of the world's population operate daily.
Natural Language Processing
In an age where technology is intertwined with every facet of our lives, the ability of machines to understand and process human language has become increasingly significant. This book, "Natural Language Processing: Teaching Machines to Understand Us," aims to demystify the fascinating field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and provide a comprehensive guide to its principles, applications, and future directions.NLP bridges the gap between human communication and computer understanding, enabling machines to comprehend, interpret, and generate human language. From the text processing techniques that break down sentences into understandable units to the complex algorithms that enable machine translation and sentiment analysis, NLP is a cornerstone of modern artificial intelligence. The book begins with an introduction to NLP, defining its scope and highlighting the key challenges that researchers and developers face. It then delves into the core components of NLP, including text processing and analysis, information retrieval and extraction, and machine translation. Each chapter provides detailed explanations and practical examples.
Uzbek in the formation of professional vocabulary significance
In the monograph, the role of the Khorezm dialects in the formation of the lexicon of applied arts of the Uzbek language was analyzed. This issue is covered on the basis of modern views in linguistics, based on the achievements of our linguistics during the period of independence. In particular, the lexicon of applied art, which preserves rare masterpieces over time and is a rich source of literary language, is linguistically researched on a scientific basis, and its relation to literary language is determined.
The Behavioral Economics of Translation
This book applies frameworks from behavioral economics to Western thinking about translation, mapping four approaches to eight keywords in translation studies to bring together divergent perspectives on the study of translation and interpreting.
Discursivity and Enunciation
This book is the result of my research during my PhD in Portuguese Language at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, in which I investigated the operators that interact in the production of meaning in a discourse. These operators have been echoed by authors such as O. Ducrot, P. Charaudeau, M. Bakhtin and Bronckart, among others. In this way, these aspects, called discursive operators here, are fundamental agents for the description and apprehension of meaning. Although we see the text as a constitutive element of discourse, we reaffirm that discourse is the space that brings together the conditions for the production of meaning, because it is there that the interaction between the interlocutors takes place, with their idiosyncrasies and their historical-social traits; it is there that we can see the role of the context in which these interactions are generated, as well as the presumed ideas of the subjects in the communication situation. If the text encompasses the concrete trait, the discourse involves the enunciative space, in which voices dialogue and polemicise, producing, with the help of other operators, the meaning of the message conveyed.
Language Practices and Processes among Latin Americans in Europe
Language Practices and Processes among Latin Americans in Europe is an innovative and thematically organised collection of studies dedicated to contemporary sociolinguistic research on Latin Americans across European contexts.
