50 Genetics Ideas You Really Need to Know
Master the ideas that have shaped the study of genetics today. In a series of 50 accessible essays, Mark Henderson and Helen Sims introduce and explain the central ideas of genetics, beginning with the theory of evolution to the very latest, cutting-edge developments in gene therapy and artificial life. From the double helix and how nature and nurture work together, to genetic testing and race, 50 Genetics Ideas You Really Need to Know is a complete introduction to this young and ground-breaking strand of science.
50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know
Master the ideas central to understanding the human brain. In a series of 50 accessible essays, Mo Costandi introduces and explains all we know about the brain and how it works, outlining both long-standing theories and cutting-edge ideas. From the function of neurons and synaptic transmission, to the nervous system and personality, 50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know is a complete introduction to the most powerful and mysterious organ in the body.
Photodynamic Therapy (3rd Edition)
Oncological and non-oncological diseases, such as macular degeneration, esophageal and lung cancer, basal cell carcinoma, keratoses, bacterial, fungal, viral, immunological, or inflammatory infections, chronic wounds, and photorejuvenation in cosmetology, are all examples of conditions that can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which has been extensively researched and extensively documented. The deadly impact of hyperactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, is the foundation of photodynamic therapy (PDT). These highly reactive oxygen species are produced by the transfer of energy and/or electrons from a photoexcited oxygen sensitizer. Direct cell death or inflammation, damage to tumor vessels, and an immunological response associated with leukocyte stimulation and the release of interleukins and other cytokines, growth factors, complement components, acute-phase proteins, and other immunoregulators are the three primary mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The third volume of this Special Issue will address all elements of photodynamic therapy (PDT), including the discovery of novel natural and synthetic photosensitizers, biomaterials and nanotechnology, clinical trials, and investigations conducted in vitro and in vivo. Through the publication of this Reprint, the field of photodynamic treatment will be strengthened and additional study will be stimulated.
Photodynamic Therapy 2.0
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely documented and well-coated treatment for various diseases, including oncological and non-oncological ones. It is based on the cytotoxic action of hyperactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, generated by the transfer of energy and/or electrons from the photoexcited oxygen sensitizer. The efficacy of PDT is attributed to three main mechanisms: direct death of tumor cells or inflammation, damage to tumor vessels, and an immunological response associated with the stimulation of leukocytes and the release of interleukins and other cytokines, growth factors, complement components, acute-phase proteins, and other immunoregulators. The first successful edition of "Photodynamic Therapy 2.0" covers all aspects of PDT, including the discovery of new natural and synthetic photosensitizers, biomaterials, nanotechnology, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials. The collaboration of all parties in this volume will strengthen and stimulate further research in the field of photodynamic therapy.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry
With breakthroughs of artificial intelligence (AI) under the fourth industrial revolution, intelligent applications are providing innovative solutions for the food industry. AI is able to support the positive transformation and upgrading of food technologies alongside the digitization, automatization, and intelligence of the food industry in light of its powerful perceiving, reasoning, and decision-making capabilities. Novel applications based on AI are changing all activities in the food industry, ranging from production to processing and packaging, transporting and storing, and consuming and disposing, benefiting all actors in food industry. Combined with technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and big data, AI is facilitating the development of new recipes and food, food process simulation and optimization, food quality and safety monitoring, etc. This Special Issue, "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry", focuses on advancing novel methods and applications in the food industry at the intersection of food and AI.
Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment
Antimicrobial resistance is considered to be one of the major global challenges of the 21st century. Though a large volume of research has already been published, gaps in our knowledge remain, particularly in certain settings, such as our understanding of how selection can influence the One Health paradigm. Describing the nature of microbial communities in different environments, understanding their resistance profiles or resistome, and those factors influencing the emergence and spread of resistance is crucial to enable the development of tools carefully designed to address this challenge.This Special Issue of Microorganisms on "Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment" compiles the latest research, and to provide scientific opinion on bacteriological topics related to antimicrobial resistance in different ecological niche settings.
Plant Responses to a Changing Climate
Anthropogenic climate change is already having a profound impact on natural ecosystems, disrupting important ecological processes, altering the ecosystem functionality, and accelerating biodiversity loss. Being directly affected by changing climate, plants play a central role in ecosystem responses to these environmental changes. This reprint provides a multidisciplinary overview of plant responses to climate change, encompassing physiological, phenological, and biogeographical aspects. The collected articles examine trait plasticity, stress tolerance mechanisms, and species distribution dynamics across a range of ecosystems and climate scenarios. Through experimental approaches, ecological modelling, and remote sensing, the presented studies shed light on both the current impacts and future trajectories of climate-induced changes in plant systems. Together, they provide valuable insights into the resilience and vulnerability of species and the broader ecological consequences of climate change. The results presented here provide a critical foundation for guiding future research and updating conservation strategies aimed at mitigating biodiversity loss in the face of ongoing climate change.
Viral Strategies and Cellular Countermeasures that Regulate mRNA Access to the Translation Apparatus
Viruses employ a variety of mechanisms to gain access to the cellular translation apparatus and to restrict translation of cellular mRNAs to suppress innate immune responses to infection, whereas cells have evolved countermeasures to prevent viral translation. This Special Issue consists of a series of research papers and reviews from leading experts that advance understanding of the dynamic interplay between viruses and their hosts that underlie aspects of infection, including viral replication, pathogenesis and host range.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Analytical Technology
This Reprint aims to cover all aspects of pharmaceutical analysis, including the latest developments and advances in the field. It will highlight the crucial role of analytical methods in assessing the quality of pharmaceutical products, ensuring that safe and effective drugs are released to the market. In the same context, the analytical techniques are necessary in determining pharmaceutical drugs. The design of experiments approach (DOE) is a reference point of systematic innovation. This powerful statistical tool goes beyond traditional experimentation, offering a structured approach to optimizing and validating analytical methodologies and stability testing. Additionally, it ensures the meticulous and accurate quantification of drug constituents, enhances product quality, and empowers data-driven decisions.In this Reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings and visions for the future, with a particular focus on quantitative and qualitative analyses involving sample preparation, analytical instrumentation and the application of multivariate statistical and chemometric tools in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and data processing. This contributes to increasing the interest in and renown of leaders in the field, as well as stimulating interdisciplinary discussions, as has been the tradition for many years. All new challenges and advances in pharmaceutical analysis must meet the highest quality standards.
Crop Authenticity in Organic Horticultural Production
In recent years, demand for organic products has grown, as consumers consider them to be safer and healthier than conventional ones. Research has been conducted over the years to investigate old and new reliable systems for testing the authenticity of products obtained using organic cultivation methods.This Special Issue contains original research articles, communications, and review articles on different agronomic practices and techniques (such as fertilization and pest management) that address crop authenticity in organic agriculture. Research that focuses on the application of approaches to tracking chemical components derived from the primary and/or secondary metabolism of organic and conventional products are included. The SI also includes papers that discuss the isotopic distribution of elements and that highlight the diversity induced by conventional and organic production techniques with the final aim of establishing new tools for organic horticultural crop characterization and authenticity. The use of innovative spectroscopic techniques and metabolomics and the application of sustainable agronomic practices in organic cropping systems are reported. Finally, the SI also reports data analysis through chemometrics tools that enable the validation of multivariate implemented approaches for organic crop authenticity.
Vermicompost in Sustainable Crop Production
Sustainable crop production requires new means of fertilization in light of both the use of renewable resources and improving soil quality. The processing of biological waste by the concerted action of earthworms and microorganisms leads to the production of vermicompost-an organic fertilizer with high microbiological activity and rich in mineral nutrients and humic substances. Vermicompost is an extremely promising type of amendment, as evidenced by many studies at laboratory and field scales, in addition to the results of practical application. In organic farming, vermicompost can be used as a basal soil fertilizer, providing plant-available mineral nutrients and organic matter as a source for additional nutrients and microbiological activity. In conventional farming practices, vermicompost can substitute chemical fertilizers. It is evident that the benefits derived from the application of vermicompost in agriculture are related to direct and indirect effects on crop plants, in addition to the improvement of soil properties, leading to a long-term increase in soil sustainability. However, the lack of understanding of specific mechanisms of beneficial influence hinders the ability to scientifically predict the outcome of vermicompost application in different crop production systems. Additional scientific knowledge is therefore necessary to characterize the functional relationships involved in vermicompost production and after its application in soil in order to ensure the quality of this organic fertilizer for wider use.
Strategies for Nutrient Use Efficiency Improvement in Plants
This reprint aims to introduce the readers to the latest research in approaches to and strategies for the improvement of nutrient use efficiency in plants. Fertilizer management, crop system change, and the selection of high nutrient-use-efficient varieties are all useful strategies for the improvement of nutrient use efficiency in plants. Therefore, in this reprint, research groups from around the world have investigated the effects of different fertilizer management strategies on plant growth, yield production, physiological response, and nutrient transfer and utilization, as well as the evaluation of nutrient use efficiency in different plant species and varieties. The knowledge gained is a perfect addition to nutrient use efficiency improvement in plants, and can be applied for practical use in food production, soil improvement, and the breeding of superior varieties in agriculture and forestry.
Integrated Pest Management in Agricultural Crops and Forest Ecosystems
The overuse of synthetic pesticides to control noxious arthropods in agroecosystems is of major importance due to health and environmental issues. Apart from concerns related to the negative impact of pesticides on humans, agricultural or domestic animals, and the environment, they can also induce irreversible damage to beneficial organisms (e.g., parasitoids, predators, pollinators), disrupting the overall ecological stability of both forest ecosystems and agroecosystems. This impact is further magnified by the repeated application of insecticides that facilitates the emergence and development of resistance, particularly in agroecosystems. It is thus mandatory to develop alternative, environmentally friendly approaches (e.g., classical biological control, pheromone-based networks, green insecticidal formulations) that can be incorporated into integrated pest management (IPM) in target ecosystems.
Inner Sense
"A fascinating look at the power of the body to influence our mind--and even affect how we see the world."--Janice Kaplan, New York Times bestselling author of The Gratitude Diaries and What Your Body Knows About Happiness Discover your elusive "sixth sense"--your brain's ability to perceive and interpret bodily sensations like hunger and thirst--and how to rewire your mind-body connection for optimal health. Are you able to recognize your own heartbeat? What about thirst? In Inner Sense, science communicator Caroline Williams explains that some people are so insensitive to internal cues that they struggle to recognize basic needs like hunger or fatigue. While others only notice their body's signals when they become overwhelming. This disconnect between the brain's predictions and the body's sensations can lead to mental and physical health challenges, from chronic fatigue, to anxiety, to eating disorders. If this sounds like you--don't worry. It's not too late to tap into your interoceptive awareness. In this practical, science-backed book, you will learn ... - How to harness one of the most important functions of your body: its sixth sense, known to scientists as interoception. - How the mind-body connection is a two-way street, with the brain and body in a constant flow of communication. - How to perceive and interpret physical processes like heartbeat and breath. - How to pick up on and respond to physical cues like hunger and thirst. - How to identify emotions that express themselves physically such as panic or rage. - How pain works in your body and in your brain. - How internal sensations influence your thoughts and actions--and how to learn and harness interoceptive awareness. Inner Sense delves into the fascinating field of interoception, speaking with doctors, scientists, and researchers about how our internal sensations influence our thoughts and actions--and how we can harness interoceptive awareness to improve health, relationships, and society as a whole. Williams explores cutting-edge interventions like mindfulness, biofeedback, targeted exercise, and even psychedelic therapy, which hold the potential to help us regulate emotions, reduce stress, and live better lives.
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation in Forest Habitats
In this special issue, ecology and wildlife conservation in forest habitats is considered as multifunctional connections of organisms in the perspective of their conservation. The diversity and specificity of research methods enable us to investigate the ecological connections between animals and plants and other organisms in-depth. These approaches rely on biodiversity and varying relationships to solve global natural problems, while simultaneously providing environmental, social, and economic perspectives and helping to enhance the sustainability of forest ecosystems. However, for the effective protection of wildlife, it is necessary to introduce new approaches and update existing methods in order to eliminate gaps in research. This issue highlights the results of studies presenting new data and methods related to the quantitative assessment of the conservation of entire natural complexes or individual species in natural forest or suburban habitats.
Ecology and Evolution
Principles of Biology Ecology and Evolution is a lab manual that provides innovative and succinct lab coursework for core topics in intermediate biology, including: Using the Scientific Method Microscopes & Micro-CommunitiesHardy-Weinberg & Natural Selection Oregon Coast Phylogenetics Bacterial DiversityProtistan Diversity Invertebrate Communities Ecosystems & Energy FlowDesigned by faculty for use in their own classroom, this lab manual offers high-quality materials at affordable prices.
Diagnosis and Management of Skin Diseases, Related Disorders and Their Comorbidities
Our Special Issue is aimed at examining the continuous evolution within our discipline and the vastness of it. This Issue is a collection and presentation of data on the latest developments in the field of dermatology and is intended to be a continuation of articles previously published by the Guest Editors. Dermatology is a continuously evolving specialty and touches on every part of the field of medicine. This Special Issue of Diagnostics entitled "Diagnosis and Management of Skin Diseases, Related Disorders and Their Comorbidities" aims to collect and present data about the most recent developments in the field. Medical history and clinical examination, followed by non-invasive imaging or blood tests or the exploration of skin structures and their pathological changes, allow pathologists to better understand, detect, or define diseases of the skin. We clinicians and researchers are constantly viewing cutaneous signs and symptoms as a window into the systemic state of the human body. Many diseases thought to be localized to the skin are now considered part of a systemic involvement. Each of our patients is unique, with their own comorbidities and anatomic or physiologic particularities. There are also individual aspects regarding the appearance, evolution, and prognosis of cutaneous skin diseases, as well as their response to various treatments.
Visual Mental Imagery System
This Reprint offers a collection of cutting-edge studies by an international network of researchers concerned with the following topic: The Visual Mental Imagery System: How We Image the World. This Reprint helps to inform the growing interest in Consciousness, Cognition and Individual Differences in the mental life and well-being of humans.
Redox Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Human Metabolism and Disease
This Reprint focuses on the critical role of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress in human health and disease. Oxidative imbalance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as key contributors to the development and progression of various metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory conditions. The articles collected in this volume highlight both fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant defense systems, and redox signaling pathways. Special attention is given to emerging biomarkers of oxidative stress, therapeutic modulation strategies, and the interplay between redox status and disease-specific pathophysiology. This Reprint provides a valuable, up-to-date reference for researchers, clinicians, and professionals interested in molecular medicine, biochemistry, and redox biology.
Elephant Mountain
Elephant Mountain is the gripping tale of Debbie Ethell, a young woman whose fascination with an elephant skull in a bone museum leads her down an unexpected path. What begins as a curiosity about the tragic love story of Morgan Berry, the man who gave us Packy (the first baby elephant born in a U.S. zoo in forty-four years), and Eloise Berchtold, one of the world's greatest animal trainers, soon becomes a chilling mystery. The couple, each killed by separate elephants they raised, left behind a legacy tangled in secrets, cover-ups, and unanswered questions.As former owners of a secluded elephant farm in the rugged Pacific Northwest, Morgan and Eloise's lives and deaths hold the key to a truth long buried beneath layers of deception. Determined to uncover what really happened, Debbie draws on her experience as a conservation research scientist and the steadfast support of her best friend, who is facing a life-threatening illness. While navigating the shadows of her own past, including her ongoing recovery from alcoholism, Debbie finds courage and insight from a herd of wild elephants in Kenya, a group she has studied since childhood. Their stories of survival and loss mirror her own as she delves deeper into a mystery that will test her resolve and redefine her future.
Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions
This new two-volume set presents the classical and advanced aspects of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions with special reference to chromosomes and cell division, providing a comprehensive resource for beginners, experts, and those venturing into the fascinating science of chromosomes and cell division.Volume 2 explores the future of genetic engineering and discusses epigenetics, the role of the nucleus, inheritance and its biological mechanisms, cytoplasmic inheritance, DNA as a genetic material, nuclear membranes, gene expression in prokaryotes, gene expression in eukaryotes, and genetics and evolution.Volume 1: Chromosomes and Cell Divisions discusses biotechnology and its applications, the chromosomal theory of inheritance, the chromosome itself, the types of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), structural changes in chromosomes, genes and cell division, sex determination, chromosome and mutations, and chromosomal movements during cell division.Providing up-to-date information and recent developments in genetics research, these two volumes will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as faculty and researchers in cell biology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, zoology, agriculture, and horticultural science.
Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions
This new two-volume set presents the classical and advanced aspects of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions with special reference to chromosomes and cell division, providing a comprehensive resource for beginners, experts, and those venturing into the fascinating science of chromosomes and cell division.Volume 1 presents in-depth studies of the relationships and functional mechanisms of chromosomes, genes, and biological mechanisms to the benefit of organisms at large and in humans in particular. Understanding these biological concepts of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions has had a profound effect on society, leading to better health through improved inheritance patterns, accurate disease diagnosis, a better understanding of human gene variations, improved drug and pharmaceutical production, more sensitive and specific crime scene forensics, and increased production of different varieties of improved agronomic traits, which have revolutionized crop science, medical sciences, and advanced diagnostic developments.Volume 2: Genetic Material Structure and Functions explores the future of genetic engineering and discusses epigenetics, the role of the nucleus, inheritance and its biological mechanisms, cytoplasmic inheritance, DNA as a genetic material, nuclear membranes, gene expression in prokaryotes, gene expression in eukaryotes, and genetics and evolution.
Waste Management Policy for Sustainable (Peri-)Urban Development and the Circular Economy
Waste lies at the heart of a paradox: the detritus of progress and the foundation of sustainability. In the ever-shifting landscapes of (peri-)urban systems, where the ambitions of circular economies collide with entrenched inefficiencies, waste management emerges as both a challenge and a beacon of possibility. This collection of studies draws together voices from across the globe, weaving insights that traverse policy inertia, technological frontiers, and the intricate dance of human behavior. It explores how circularity, far from a utopian ideal, must grapple with the unfinished realities of governance, infrastructure, and social dynamics. Here, waste becomes more than material-it is a lens through which we confront the urban future, unearthing the architectures of resilience and the elusive promise of sustainable equilibrium. Each contribution offers not a solution, but a provocation: a call to reimagine the cities we build, the resources we use, and the legacies we leave behind.
Epiphytic Plants
Epiphytic plants are vital components of tropical and subtropical forests, contributing significantly to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and structural complexity. Despite their importance, they remain understudied and face increasing threats from environmental change. This Special Issue, entitled "Epiphytic Plants: Perspective on Their Diversity, Distribution, Systematics and Conservation in the Changing Environment", is a compilation of nine articles, whose authors deepen our understanding of the divergent roles of epiphytes, i.e., plants that germinate and root non-parasitically on other plants, primarily on trees. These are a conspicuous and integral component of tropical forest ecosystems in relation to local and regional plant diversity, especially in the Neotropics. Roughly 10% of all vascular plants in the world are epiphytes, which are distributed in about 900 genera and 80 families. However, 85% of the more than 27,600 species recorded globally belong to only five taxonomic groups-Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Peperomia, and Pteridophytes. Vascular epiphytes fulfill diverse ecological functions in tropical ecosystems, such as the accumulation of water and nutrients, in addition to amplifying biodiversity by providing microhabitats and food to different taxa (e.g., invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Due to their dependence on host trees and atmospheric water sources, epiphytes are considered one of the most endangered plant groups. Landscape fragmentation and forest degradation resulting from human activity are among the major threats to their survival.
Elephant Mountain
Elephant Mountain is the gripping tale of Debbie Ethell, a young woman whose fascination with an elephant skull in a bone museum leads her down an unexpected path. What begins as a curiosity about the tragic love story of Morgan Berry, the man who gave us Packy (the first baby elephant born in a U.S. zoo in forty-four years), and Eloise Berchtold, one of the world's greatest animal trainers, soon becomes a chilling mystery. The couple, each killed by separate elephants they raised, left behind a legacy tangled in secrets, cover-ups, and unanswered questions.As former owners of a secluded elephant farm in the rugged Pacific Northwest, Morgan and Eloise's lives and deaths hold the key to a truth long buried beneath layers of deception. Determined to uncover what really happened, Debbie draws on her experience as a conservation research scientist and the steadfast support of her best friend, who is facing a life-threatening illness. While navigating the shadows of her own past, including her ongoing recovery from alcoholism, Debbie finds courage and insight from a herd of wild elephants in Kenya, a group she has studied since childhood. Their stories of survival and loss mirror her own as she delves deeper into a mystery that will test her resolve and redefine her future.
The Book Of The Marine Aquarium Or Practical Instructions On The Formation, Stocking, And Management In All Seasons, Of Collections Of Marine And River Animals And Plants
Dive into the fascinating world of marine aquariums with Shirley Hibberd's classic guide, "The Book Of The Marine Aquarium." This practical manual provides comprehensive instructions on creating, stocking, and managing thriving collections of marine and river animals and plants throughout the year. Whether you are a novice enthusiast or an experienced hobbyist, this book offers invaluable insights into the intricacies of maintaining a balanced aquatic ecosystem.Learn the secrets to selecting the right specimens, nurturing their health, and creating an aesthetically pleasing underwater environment. Discover techniques for controlling water quality, managing temperature, and promoting the growth of vibrant aquatic flora. "The Book Of The Marine Aquarium" is a timeless resource for anyone passionate about bringing the beauty of the ocean into their home.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Microbes and the Microbe Killer
Dive into the late 19th century with William Radam's "Microbes and the Microbe Killer," a fascinating and controversial treatise on the nature of disease and its purported cure. Radam, a self-proclaimed medical innovator, details his theories about microbes as the root cause of all ailments and champions his own invention, "Radam's Microbe Killer," as the universal remedy. This book offers a unique window into the world of alternative medicine and patent remedies during a period of rapid scientific advancement and intense medical debate. Whether viewed as a groundbreaking discovery or a questionable elixir, Radam's work sparked considerable public interest and continues to intrigue those interested in the history of medicine, scientific controversies, and the enduring quest for health and wellness. "Microbes and the Microbe Killer" is a valuable historical document reflecting the beliefs and practices of its time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Boys And Girls In Biology
"Boys And Girls In Biology: Or, Simple Studies Of The Lower Forms Of Life" offers an accessible introduction to the world of biology, particularly tailored for young readers and those new to the subject. Authored by Sarah Hackett Steveson and Thomas Henry Huxley, this book presents a simplified yet informative exploration of various life forms. The book aims to make the study of biology engaging and understandable, fostering an early appreciation for the natural world. Focusing on fundamental concepts and accessible language, "Boys And Girls In Biology" serves as a valuable resource for educators seeking to introduce biology to students. It will also appeal to anyone curious about the basics of life sciences and the intricacies of the natural world, presented in an approachable and easy-to-understand manner.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Destruction of Cellulose by Bacteria and Filamentous Fungi
"The Destruction of Cellulose by Bacteria and Filamentous Fungi," Volume 266, explores the microbiological processes involved in the breakdown of cellulose. Authored by McBeth and Scales, this work delves into the roles of various bacteria and fungi in decomposing cellulose, an essential component of plant matter. The book offers detailed insights into the mechanisms by which these microorganisms attack and break down cellulose, contributing to our understanding of natural decomposition processes. This early 20th-century scientific study provides a valuable resource for microbiologists, environmental scientists, and researchers interested in the complex interactions between microorganisms and plant-derived materials.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Biosorbents
The present book focuses on the biologically derived adsorbent with numerous applications in wastewater treatment, metal recovery, biosensor development, and so forth. It initiates with the description of biological sources of biosorbents followed by applications, asessment, and pre-treatment of biosorbents.
Variation and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Bacilli of the Proteus Group
"Variation and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Bacilli of the Proteus Group" presents a detailed investigation into the Proteus group of bacteria, focusing on their metabolic processes concerning carbohydrates. Authored by Thomas Haigh Glenn and published in 1911, this work contributes to the early understanding of microbiology and bacterial physiology. The study explores the variations within the Proteus group and their differing abilities to metabolize carbohydrates, offering insights that were crucial to developing further research in bacteriology and medical science. This historical scientific work provides valuable context for understanding the evolution of microbiological research and the early efforts to classify and understand bacterial metabolism. It remains relevant for historians of science and those interested in the foundational research upon which modern microbiology is built.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Descent Of Man
The Descent of Man, Volume 1, by Charles Darwin, explores the theory of evolution as it applies to humanity. Darwin delves into the origins of humankind, examining the evidence for our descent from earlier forms. He discusses the principles of natural selection and sexual selection, highlighting their roles in shaping human characteristics. This seminal work extends Darwin's evolutionary framework presented in "On the Origin of Species" to address the specific case of human evolution. Darwin examines various aspects of human biology, behavior, and social life, comparing them to those of other animals to support his arguments. This volume lays the groundwork for understanding human evolution and our place in the natural world. "The Descent of Man" remains a foundational text in the fields of biology, anthropology, and evolutionary studies, continuing to spark debate and inspire research to this day.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nutrition and Gene Interaction
Over the past 15 years, nutrigenomics has established the relationship between genes, nutrition, and disease. This exciting research area shows that nutrition is not just about preventing deficiencies; it can also prevent and treat chronic illnesses like diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. By identifying how nutrients modulate cellular signaling pathways, diet can be used as a first line of defense against these chronic illnesses. This research helps inform dietary recommendations at the individual level and guide public dietary guidelines to reduce the prevalence of chronic illness.This Special Issue compiles recent research on how nutrients impact genetic expression, using methods like transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. It presents nine studies exploring gene-diet interactions across various health outcomes, highlighting the promise and complexity of nutrigenomics. The key findings presented include the role of fermented foods in reducing the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the influence of genetics on dietary needs and bone health, and the impact of early-life nutrition on long-term gene expression. The Special Issue also addresses the genetic regulation of liver, cardiovascular, and thyroid diseases, and the potential for personalized nutrition interventions to reduce disease risk.Overall, this reprint advocates for precision nutrition, leveraging genetic and epigenetic insights to create personalized dietary strategies for better health outcomes.
Plant-Based Bioactive Substances Identification, Extraction, and Application
This Reprint compiles nine peer-reviewed research papers that collectively examine natural products of plant origin, particularly secondary metabolites produced by plants in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. These compounds exhibit remarkable structural diversity, reflecting the vast chemical richness found in plant ecology, and they play key roles in the interactions between plants, microorganisms, and animals. The study of this chemical diversity offers valuable insights and directions for applications in the food industry, medicinal chemistry, biotechnology, and agrochemistry. The discovery of bioactive compounds typically involves their extraction, isolation, structural elucidation, and the evaluation of their biological activity. Common techniques employed for structural elucidation include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, often supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. This Special Issue of Plants highlights bioactive compounds of plant origin, with a particular focus on their extraction, identification, biological evaluation, and potential applications.
Dysbiosis of the Evolved Intestinal Microbiome
While it is clearly recognised that many non-communicable disorders are related to a disturbed microbiome (commonly called dysbiosis, a shortened term for microbiome failure: dysmicrobiosis), there is an absence of widely accepted underlying theories. The aim of this book is to show that all such disorders, be they weight gain, immune system disturbance, or poor mental health, stem from a single underlying problem: the failure to transfer key intestinal microbes from the mother to the new-born during birth. Furthermore, in contrast to the normal, exclusively bacterial approach, the book describes what might be called a "second generation" approach to the microbiome, that emphasises beneficial microeukaryotes acting to coordinate diverse bacterial functionality. Most importantly, lessons have been drawn to guide future research, the aim being to reintroduce these key microbes at the time of birth, alongside breast milk (bank milk if necessary) and before the immune system of the infant is fully established. If all goes as expected, not only can the present "triple plagues" of non-communicable disease be ameliorated more efficiently, but it should also be possible to banish such disease from future populations. Unfortunately, however, beneficial microeukaryotes will be hard to detect, while resistance-inducing oral antibiotics must be limited.
Plant-Insect Interactions
Within the evolving field of plant-insect interactions, pest management and plant pollination receive a lot of attention because of their implications in crop yield. Host-plant resistance and biological control are important parts aspects of pest management that can bring alternatives to the problems that can arise with insecticide use. This Special Issue presents a collection of papers on the interactions of insects and mites with plants, while highlighting the importance of pest management and pollination.
Zinc in Health and Disease Conditions
Zinc, the second most prevalent trace element in the human body, is crucial for numerous physiological processes. It acts as a signaling molecule, modulating cellular pathways, gene expression, and enzyme activity. Zinc plays a vital role in immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and antioxidant defense. In the brain, it regulates neuronal excitation and inhibition by modulating receptors like the glutamate receptor, which is essential for cognitive and motor function. However, zinc's role is complex, as both deficiency and excess can lead to pathological conditions. In neurological disorders, for example, zinc dysregulation contributes to seizures by disrupting the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Excessive intracellular zinc can lead to neurotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, while low zinc levels impair immune responses and promote inflammation. In cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions, altered zinc homeostasis can exacerbate disease progression. Thus, zinc's physiological functions are intricately tied to health and disease. Its dual nature-as both protective and potentially harmful-makes it a critical target for research looking to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the zinc balance in various pathological conditions. Understanding the fine regulation of zinc is key to harnessing its potential for disease prevention and treatment.
Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Fruit Tree Species
The global demand for horticultural crops with improved agricultural traits-such as enhanced fruit quality, higher yields, and increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses-is steadily rising. In this context, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying key agronomic traits is essential. However, genetic research and traditional breeding in fruit trees face significant challenges, including long juvenile phases, large plant sizes, and high levels of heterozygosity. Recent advancements in biotechnology and the emergence of genomics have opened up new avenues to overcome these limitations in conventional fruit tree breeding. The development of high-throughput genetic platforms, the availability of whole genome sequences, and the application of multi-omics approaches, along with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have substantially advanced our understanding of the genetic architecture of traits of agronomic importance. In recent decades, biotechnological tools -such as molecular-based characterization, marker-assisted selection, and innovative breeding techniques including cisgenesis and genome editing- associated with the availability of efficient plant regeneration protocols are accelerating both the functional characterization of traits and the overall breeding process in fruit trees. This Reprint is part of the Special Issue "Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Fruit Tree Species", which aims to showcase the latest research and developments in the genetic and molecular breeding of fruit trees, focusing on the selection and creation of new genotypes with enhanced traits.
Artificial Intelligence in the Production of Biotherapeutics
The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern biomanufacturing focuses on key areas such as process analytical technology (PAT), Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance, predictive analytics, and AI-driven quality systems. It bridges cutting-edge AI applications with the complexities of biotherapeutic production, offering insights into automation, real-time monitoring, and process optimization.Delving into the core of biomanufacturing, the book provides a structured journey through its critical phases. It begins with an introduction to modern biomanufacturing principles, quality by design approaches, and the integration of AI. Subsequent chapters examine raw material management, lean manufacturing practices, and the application of predictive analytics to optimize supply chains. Readers will explore advanced tools such as AI-enhanced data acquisition in PAT, automated standard operating procedures (SOPs), and AI-driven process controls for fermenters and chromatography systems. The text also addresses GMP essentials, including personnel management, hygienic facility design, and pharmaceutical water systems. Key chapters highlight AI's role in validation processes, sterile packaging, and regulatory compliance, referencing global guidelines from organizations such as the WHO, FDA, and ICH. Real-world case studies featuring therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines underscore the practical applications of AI in scaling and maintaining biotherapeutic production.This book equips readers with a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and compliance in biomanufacturing. Whether you are a professional, researcher, or student, this guide offers actionable insights into leveraging AI to revolutionize biotherapeutic production while adhering to the highest industry standards.What You Will Learn: Understand how AI enhances every phase of biotherapeutic production, from raw material management to regulatory compliance, optimizing efficiency, accuracy, and quality Explore the role of AI in advanced data acquisition, process control, and continuous improvement, including applications in fermenters, flow filtration, and chromatography systems Gain insights into leveraging AI for automating standard operating procedures (SOPs), predictive maintenance, quality assurance, and adhering to global GMP standards like WHO and FDA guidelines Learn how AI transforms upstream and downstream processes, ensures sterility in packaging, and supports case studies on therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and human vaccines Discover the potential of AI in shaping the future of biomanufacturing, including challenges, data security, and the ethical implications of AI-driven automation
Impact of Climate Change on Medicinal and Herbal Plant microRNA
Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to plant growth, biodiversity, and productivity, necessitating innovative strategies for sustainability. Impact of Climate Change on Medicinal and Herbal Plant microRNA delves into the intricate relationship between climate-induced stress and the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant adaptation, with a special focus on microRNAs (miRNAs). This book provides an in-depth exploration of miRNAs as pivotal regulators in plant biology, offering insights into their biogenesis, functional roles, and applications in stress management and crop improvement.Highlighting the interdisciplinary approach to understanding plant resilience, this book examines critical topics, including the impact of abiotic stressors like heavy metals and elevated CO2 levels, regulatory roles of miRNAs in photosynthesis and productivity, and the integration of bioinformatics and epigenetics in miRNA research. Through comprehensive chapters, readers gain knowledge about miRNA-mediated bioengineering, genome stability, and the emerging potential of omics technologies to combat the effects of climate change on agriculture.Key Features: A thorough analysis of miRNA biogenesis, regulation, and degradation, along with their myriad functional roles in plant biology Exploration of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in medicinal, cereal, legume, tuber, fruit, biofuel, and beverage crops Insights into bioinformatics tools and databases for miRNA analysis and their implications for stress tolerance studies Discussions on miRNA-mediated bioengineering for climate-resilient crops and recent advances in omics approaches Designed for researchers, students, and professionals in plant sciences, bioinformatics, and climate studies, this book bridges fundamental and applied research, making it an essential resource for addressing climate variability through molecular innovations.
Epigenetic Drug Discovery
This book reviews the evolving field of epigenetics and its implications in drug discovery and precision medicine covering gene regulation mechanisms and their impact on health and disease. This book is intended for researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical professionals, emphasizing on personalized medicine and novel drug delivery systems.
Designing Sorghum Genome for NextGen Agriculture
The book explores the latest advancements aimed at improving sorghum's resilience and productivity. This comprehensive resource provides cutting-edge insights into how modern scientific tools and methods are being leveraged to design the sorghum genome for enhanced yield, stress tolerance and nutritional value.
![Paracelsis the Treasure of Treasures Alchemists [Hc]](https://cdn.kingstone.com.tw/english/images/product/2349/9781312562349m.webp?Q=ed734 "Paracelsis the Treasure of Treasures Alchemists [Hc]")
Paracelsis the Treasure of Treasures Alchemists [Hc]
Unlock the ancient wisdom of alchemy with "The Treasure of Treasures of the Alchemists," a remarkable laboratory manual that grants you access to profound secrets. Delve into the captivating world of Paracelsus, the alchemist extraordinaire, as he unveils the hidden mysteries of transmutation within this extraordinary tome. Discover the intricate laboratory practices that Paracelsus employed in his quest for enlightenment. From the precise processes of purification and separation to the transformative art of transmutation, this manual provides invaluable insights into the alchemical arts. Gain a deeper understanding of the elusive philosopher's stone and its fabled powers of transmutation. "The Treasure of Treasures of the Alchemists" combines the essence of biography and alchemical knowledge, presenting a treasure trove of laboratory techniques and hidden wisdom. Dare to delve into the depths of Paracelsus' experiments and unlock the secrets that have eluded seekers for centuries. This remarkable manual is an indispensable guide for aspiring alchemists and those curious souls who yearn to uncover the great mysteries of the universe.
Information in Water
Can water remember, transmit, and organize information?This groundbreaking book reveals a revolutionary vision of water: not merely a vital resource, but a living quantum matrix capable of storing and transferring biological information. From the physics of coherent domains to the most recent research on the memory of water, Information in Water bridges cutting-edge science and ancestral wisdom, showing how this invisible element shapes the visible world and sustains life itself.Inside these pages, you will discover: What structured water is, and how it influences essential processes such as molecular recognition, cellular energy, and neuronal communication.How quantum physics applied to water is transforming our understanding of biology and health.The profound relationship between water and consciousness, explored from both scientific and ancestral perspectives.Experiments and discoveries suggesting that water carries not only molecules but also patterns of information.Written in clear, accessible language yet grounded in rigorous research, Alessandro Danesin - biologist, researcher, and explorer of ancestral knowledge - takes you on a journey from the cosmic origins of water to the latest scientific hypotheses that could redefine our understanding of life's cycle.More than a scientific essay, this is a bridge between worlds: between physics and biology, and between modern science and ancient cultures that have always sensed water's extraordinary nature.If you have ever wondered why water is so unique, this book offers the keys to understanding its role as a carrier of memory, energy, and life.Get ready to look at the glass of water in front of you... and never see it the same way again.
