INTEGRATED IN vitro CONTROL OF Pestalotiopsis microspora Speg.
The present investigation was carried out with the objectives of: a) isolate and purify the fungus that causes the disease of clove in the guava crop, b) identify morphologically and molecularly the causal agent of this disease, c) evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus species, d) know the biological effectiveness in vitro of six chemical fungicides, six strains of Trichoderma spp. and six vegetal extracts against the fungus P. microspora. The Trichoderma spp. strains were found to exhibit fungistatic activity on the growth of the pathogenic fungus. The plant extracts slightly retarded fungal growth, only neem worked. The chemicals Benomil, Cercobin, Cupravit, Zineb and Captan have fungicidal action because they completely inhibited the development of the fungus. The product Manzate exerts fungistatic action. In addition, the species was identified morphologically and molecularly as P. microspora associated with guava anthracnose. The isolation of this fungus is pathogenic when inoculated on healthy guava fruits and leaves.
How Herbs Healed the World
Herbs are wonderful things. Without them so much would not be possible. With the advance of science over the last two hundred years these once mystical plants have changed and saved countless lives, vastly improving our standard of living while providing us all with a much richer, healthier diet. Today, we take for granted a world full of life-saving drugs, luxury cosmetics and exotic foods. This fascinating book will tell this story: revealing how poisons once used by the ancient Romans such as Deadly Nightshade are now being used in modern medicine or how the herbs used by indigenous people around the world have provided remedies for countless illnesses. It will explore the myths and legends behind herbs such as the infamous Mandrake and how herbs such as Yarrow are still being used to treat wounds today, just as they were thousands of years ago; and it will show how exotic herbs from across the globe have enriched our lives and delve into the origins of the culinary herbs that everyone knows and loves. Seventy-five herbs have been carefully chosen to tell the story of how they have each changed our world, looking back at their origins and what was once believed, while comparing this with the modern day uses and the scientific value of these plants enabling the reader to understand and appreciate their importance. Each double page spread will provide both historic and modern illustrations of each herb alongside captivating accounts of their historical and modern day uses including supplementary botanical and horticultural information for each.
Assessment of sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bulgaria
Population growth and economic growth rates in recent decades have significantly increased pressure on nature and seriously threatened its carrying capacity. Future generations, by various estimates, are increasingly threatened by the reduction and depletion of natural resources, predatory destruction of the environment and limitation of development opportunities. Humanity has reached a point where an urgent rethinking of the current approach of economic growth and the management of natural resources is urgently needed. Growth, as a purely quantitative expansion of the economy, needs qualitative reassessment, taking into account a number of important social and environmental development objectives on which the well-being of future generations depends. The publication of the 1987 report "Our Common Future" by the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development ushered in the process of establishing a new path of development to "meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Despite many interpretations, there is no "universal" definition of the essence of sustainable development.
Creation and introduction of mulberry silkworm hybrids
In this monograph is written about breeding of mulberry silkworm in areas with extreme environmental conditions and global changes in weather and climatic conditions on the globe, urgently dictate the need for intensive development of new methods of selection and reproduction of plants and animals adapted to the changed environmental conditions. Creation of breeding populations providing normal level of growth, development, reproduction, silk productivity in less favorable conditions reflects the interests of the silk industry in obtaining high cocoon yields in the regions differing significantly in zonal features.The monograph is intended for students, postgraduates, senior researchers and scientific teachers. This monograph was written on the basis of the results of scientific research on "Creation and introduction of mulberry silkworm hybrids for extreme environmental conditions".
Coco Substrates Industry
The coconut substrate industry in Sri Lanka plays a vital role in generating foreign exchange earnings and employment opportunities, but there is a significant gap between the demand and supply of these products in the global market. This book aims to identify the barriers to production improvement and develop strategies to overcome them. The scarcity of raw materials is mainly caused by low coconut production and inefficient husk collection mechanisms. While the industry has a strong market share for coco substrate products globally, its labor-intensive nature is considered a weakness. The increasing global demand for washed and buffered products presents a great opportunity, but the presence of low-quality products poses a threat to the reputation of high-quality Sri Lankan coco substrate products. Therefore, the industry needs competitive strategies to achieve and maintain success.
Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species
Modelling Invasive Alien Plant Species: Fuzzy Based Uncertainty presents the application of different fuzzy set theory techniques in developing risk assessment models for invasive plant species- those whose introduction and spread outside their natural range threatens local biodiversity.
Recent trends in farming
Agriculture is the largest employer in the world because almost all industries depend on agricultural raw products. Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy. In India 54.6% of the population engaged in agriculture and allied sector activities. India is the world's largest producer of milk, pulses and jute, and ranks as the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit and cotton. It is also one of the leading producers of spices, fish, poultry, livestock and plantation crops. As per FAO of the United Nations, India has gained a self-sufficiency in agricultural production, but it still is a home for around 25% of the world's hungry people and there are over 190 million undernourished people in our country. While agriculture in India has achieved grain self-sufficiency but the production is, resource intensive. The main reason for this issue is the lack of technology and awareness in farming. In this 21st century, technology has created a major impact in each domain and agriculture is one of them.
Hydrogen peroxide in the cultivation of soursop under saline stress
The Northeast region of Brazil has been standing out on the national scene with the production of various fruits, especially tropical fruit trees, but the concentrations of salts present in the water in these areas affect the growth and development of the plants; thus making it necessary to look for alternatives for the use of this water in irrigation. Among the possibilities is the use of hydrogen peroxide, which can optimize the management of soil and/or saline water in irrigated agriculture. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the emergence, growth, physiology and quality of soursop seedlings irrigated with saline water and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The study was conducted in plastic bags under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with a sandy loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECa (0.7; 1.4; 2.1; 2.8 and 3.5 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 繕M), with four replications.
Maize Water Requirements in S瓊o Miguel do Oeste/SC via ISAREG
In this study, different analyses were carried out using the "ISAREG" model, allowing simulations of the water balance in the soil. Initially, the variations in the total annual net blade (LL (mm)) to be applied to the soil for corn cultivation in the period 1988-2010 under 3 management systems (minimum tillage, no-till and perennial pasture) in 3 typical soils (cambisol, latossol and nitossol) in the SC region were verified. To determine this, we used climatological data from the city of S瓊o Miguel do Oeste/SC, which was provided by EPAGRI/CIRAM. Then, using future climate data generated by the Eta-HadCM3 climate model provided by INPE, estimates were made of total LL (mm) for future scenarios (2014-2036). Through these analyses, the experiment in question made it possible to assess whether there are significant water differences in the soils studied and their different managements, in addition to verifying, through the estimation of future irrigation, whether for this period (2014-2036), there will be a need to increase the volume of total annual LA to be introduced in the typical soils of Santa Catarina when compared to the 1988-2010 period.
Farming techniques
Initially, agriculture was just an art, summed up by gathering, hunting and gathering, but the sedentarization of man and the increase in population forced the application of visa techniques, leading to a vertical and horizontal agricultural revolution. This linear approach, often described as "top-down", is based, on the one hand, on the (at least implicit) conviction that the experimental station is in essence the place where technical models of progress are developed, and, on the other, on a clear and strict division of roles between the various players: It was up to researchers to design these new models, and up to extension workers to find suitable ways of passing them on to the farmers, who were responsible for applying them.
Micronutrient Fertilizer Use in Pakistan
Micronutrient research has been an important component of soil fertility and plant nutrition program in Pakistan since the identification of zinc deficiency in rice in 1969. Since then, considerable progress has been made on various aspects of micronutrient nutrition problems and their management.
Apple yeast additive in growing tilapia diets
Aquaculture is the development of aquatic organisms under controlled or semi-controlled conditions, thus being one of the best economic options for obtaining animal protein. The last decade has seen a development in aquaculture worldwide, although focusing on developing countries, because it has the potential to produce more fish at lower cost, covering the demand that will be presented by the population explosion without affecting the ecology and producing safe, high quality food with an excellent nutritional profile. In the present study, several experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of fermented apple bagasse and the use of a yeast-based additive in the diet of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) during the growth stage. Both the fermented bagasse and the yeast additive were prepared by aerobic fermentation processes.
Evaluation of Different Medicinal Plants in Poultry Nutrition
Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants in animal production is increasing due to the widespread concern over possible cross-resistance to antibiotics among many microorganisms, a result of their indiscriminate subtherapeutic use in animals. There is a global trend to limit the use of antibiotics in animal products. The prevention of antibiotic use in poultry diets has led to a reduction in growth performance. Consequently, there is a high demand for natural substances that can achieve similar growth enhancements and positively affect poultry health. Medicinal plant extracts are one of the alternatives that have antimicrobial and growth-promoting effects on poultry. In this book, the benefits of using medicinal plants on different parameters of poultry are discussed.
Wine Heritage and Traditions in Kerkennah
The book "Patrimoine et Traditions Viticoles ? Kerkennah", is an exhaustive study that sheds light on the history of the vine and the viticultural culture of the Tunisian archipelago of Kerkennah, a particular and difficult environment, witness to the history of Mediterranean civilizations, which despite its vulnerability remains highly coveted.The authors describe the vine in the historical and environmental context of the Kerkennah terroir. The vine, a valuable genetic heritage, is an integral part not only of the agricultural production system, but also of the archipelago's rich history. Despite pedoclimatic constraints such as drought, degradation of plant cover, desertification and soil salinization, and climate change, the vine introduced by the Carthaginians persists, tracing the evolutionary patterns of the plots and the methods of management practiced.The book then explores traditional methods and know-how, as well as vine-growing practices and the production of fresh grapes, raisins and wine, with a special mention of the island's flagship native grape variety.
Fields of Resilience
In the heart of every farmer lies a story of resilience, a testament to the enduring power of hard work and dedication. As we navigate the complexities of modern life, it's all too easy to overlook the quiet heroes who till the earth, sowing the seeds of our sustenance with unwavering commitment and boundless love for the land.In "Fields of Resilience: The Untold Story of Farmers' Hard Work," we embark on a journey into the soul of agriculture, where the rhythm of life beats in harmony with the seasons. Through these pages, we uncover the trials and triumphs of those who labor tirelessly to feed the world, their stories woven into the very fabric of our existence.This book is a tribute to the unsung heroes of the heartland, whose hands shape the landscape and whose sweat nourishes the soil. It is a celebration of the beauty found in the simplicity of hard work, a reminder that amidst the hustle and bustle of modernity, the essence of life still thrives in the fields.
Summer Guardians
This book is born out of a deep concern for the natural world and a recognition of the urgent need for action. It brings together scientific research, traditional knowledge, and real-world case studies to provide a toolkit for individuals, communities, and policymakers dedicated to protecting our natural heritage. From efficient water management and soil health practices to creating cool shelters for wildlife and implementing long-term reforestation projects, this guide covers a broad spectrum of strategies tailored to India's unique environmental conditions."Summer Guardians" is not just a manual; it is a call to action. It encourages collaboration across various sectors and emphasizes the importance of community involvement and education. By raising awareness and fostering a collective effort, we can mitigate the impacts of extreme heat and ensure a sustainable future for India's flora and fauna.
Roots of Tomorrow
In an era of rapid environmental change, the significance of tree plantation has never been more critical. As humanity grapples with the complex challenges of climate change, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline, planting trees emerges as a powerful and essential solution. This book, Roots of Hope: The Imperative of Tree Plantation in Our Time, seeks to explore the multifaceted benefits of tree planting and underscore its vital role in addressing some of the most pressing issues of our age.Trees have been integral to our planet's health and our own well-being for millennia. They are the lungs of the Earth, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, thus sustaining life. They provide habitats for countless species, stabilize soil, and regulate water cycles. Moreover, trees offer economic, social, and cultural benefits that enrich our lives and communities in myriad ways.
Grafting Time and Rootstock Height in Mango
Mango seedlings grafted in September month recorded significantly maximum survival percentage, plant height, diameter of stem, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of leaf, root length, root diameter, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root and sprouted early.Among different height of rootstocks, the survival percentage, plant height, diameter of stem, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of leaf, root length, root diameter, fresh weight of root, and dry weight of root were observed significantly highest in seedlings grafted with height of rootstock 20 cm and also required minimum days for sprouting.Thus it had been concluded that seedlings grafted in month of September with height of rootstock 20 cm shown better results.
Techniques for assessing consumption and digestibility in ruminants
Determining the nutritional value of feed has been the aim of several studies involving animals. However, evaluating these feeds is a challenge for nutritionists. In this context, the study of digestibility, consumption and fecal production is essential when formulating diets for animals. Direct determination of fecal production, known as in vivo total fecal collection, is a costly process, requiring control of daily intake and excretion, adaptation of animals to cages or stalls, or to collection bags in grazing animals, which can be unfeasible in some situations. Although in vivo procedures have their limitations in some cases, they continue to be the benchmark for both food evaluation and the validation of alternative determination methods. In order to develop alternatives that make it possible to estimate fecal production, digestibility, and indirectly consumption, indicator techniques have been proposed, which are chemical monitors according to Owens and Hanson (1992) for quantitative and qualitative determination of physiological and nutritional phenomena.
Effect of water deficit on fava bean development
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of water deficit on the development of fava beans, as well as to determine the coefficient of sensitivity to water deficit (Ky) in the phenological phases in a protected environment. The experiment was carried out in pots in a greenhouse, covered with 15 繕m thick low density polythene, in the experimental area of the Teresina Agricultural College of the Federal University of Piau穩 (UFPI), Teresina-PI.
Drying and storing sunflower seeds
Proper post-harvest operations guarantee better physiological quality for sunflower seeds, but for this to happen, after harvesting, due care must be taken with transformations, deterioration and losses due to the simultaneous transfer of heat and mass between the seeds and the heated air in the drying processes, monitoring the temperature of the drying air and the mass of the seeds, the relative humidity and the air flow in the dryer. Carelessness in the drying process can damage cell structures, denature proteins and cause cracks and changes in color, reducing the physical and physiological quality of the seeds. In storage, it is essential to monitor the water content of the seeds, taking into account the hygroscopic equilibrium humidity of storage and to keep the mass of the seeds at low temperatures, reducing the plant's respiration process.
Soils and eucalyptus forestry in Rio Grande do Sul
This book presents reports and recommendations on the cultivation of trees - silviculture - in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly using eucalyptus, a fast-growing exotic species, focusing on practices carried out in the campanha region of the Pampa biome. Practical, operational and ecological aspects of growing eucalyptus in the three main soil conditions that occur widely in the state are covered, including Neossolo, Cambissolo and Argissolo. The main objectives of this work are to recommend planting, management and silvicultural management practices, in a conservationist and environmentally correct manner, in each of these soil conditions, as well as presenting information on the productivity observed in the state's forest plantations.
Morphological description of the tree Triplaris gardneriana Wedd
The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of seedlings and achenes, to identify the storage compounds in Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. diaspores, as well as to obtain information on the physiological aspects of the tree's leaves by means of linear regression equations, the biometric measurements of the length and width of the leaves of the species, determining an estimate of the leaf area, aiding in the botanical identification of this species.
Physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds
This book discusses the importance of applying fungicides in the field on the final quality of soybean seeds, evaluating the physiological potential of seeds, vigor, performance and health, illustrated with tables and figures and accompanied by recent bibliographical references. It is therefore an up-to-date book, with an important contribution from the author in the interpretations, discussions and opinions on the subjects covered, presented in a fluent and easy-to-read manner. However, the reader's familiarity with seed technology and related knowledge will make the reading more fruitful. The publication has its place, filling the gap that still exists as a source of subjects that are still little explored today. This book should therefore serve as a source of consultation for post-graduate students, technicians, teachers and researchers concerned with the subject of seeds, as well as for undergraduate students, especially those interested in this area.
Quail
Quail farming is the raising of quail for the production of eggs or meat. This activity is relatively recent, mainly in Brazil, so many people are still unaware of it. Although quail farming in Brazil does not have the same consolidated tradition as in European countries, we already have great producers and high-level researchers in this area of scientific knowledge. We wrote this book as a guide, a support tool, intended for students of zootechnical, veterinary and agronomic areas, as well as technicians and producers, but we hope it will be read by all those who work with and like these birds. This book will help to describe the main points of raising quail for fattening and/or laying in relation to productive, reproductive and nutritional management. With this book the reader will be able to better understand from the characteristics of this bird to how to use the techniques of scientific methodology in quail research.
Apple yeast in the diet of weaned calves
This research consists of three experiments whose general objective was to evaluate the inclusion of a yeast inoculum (YI) and fermented apple bagasse (BMZN) in the diet of preweaned calves and its effect on in vitro digestibility, productive behavior and animal health. In the first experiment, the effect of an IL and BMZN in the diet of growing Angus calves on productive behavior and immune system was evaluated. The variables of the behavioral test were analyzed with a statistical model that included treatment as a fixed effect; for the immune system variables, treatment and sampling were included as fixed effects; and the animal as a random effect.
Calibration, Validation and Sensitivity analysis of CROPGRO Model
Crop simulation models are essential tools in agriculture that integrate climate, soil, crop, and management data to predict crop growth, development, and yield under various conditions. These models, such as DSSAT, APSIM, AquaCrop, and EPIC, help optimize crop management practices, select suitable genotypes, assess the impacts of climate change, and manage resources efficiently. By simulating different scenarios, they enable farmers and researchers to make informed decisions, reduce risks, and enhance resilience. Despite challenges like data quality and model complexity, advances in technology and data integration continue to improve their accuracy and usability, making them increasingly vital for sustainable and resilient agricultural practices.
Rural Settlements in Mato Grosso's Araguaia Valley
Agrarian reform has always been a flawed or even non-existent policy in Brazil. What this paper suggests is that Brazil is living in a state of exception with those who need and require the most support from the state. In agriculture, this is no different: settlers, quilombolas, family farmers are all systematically left "aside" by a policy that only promotes the development of agribusiness for the export of commodities. It's a fact that the country has one of the highest concentrations of land in the world and, furthermore, the current settlement policy is further delaying the development of small farmers. It's an unfinished, incomplete policy that, if practiced in accordance with the law, could give quality of life to millions of rural workers. What this work points to is, above all, the total failure of a policy that has been implemented by various governments, from various parties, which do not prioritize family farmers, do not see them as social subjects capable of promoting the country. It is clear, without further ado, that the country has a real disdain for the rural man and does very little to improve his life.
Ensuring Safe Drinking Water for Coastal Community
This book contributes many aspects of environmental, social and sustainability issues including water security, water quality, safe drinking water and potable water, salty water, water stress and scarcity in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, social inequalities and how the coastal community especial women trying to get rid and adapting them with the situation. This book includes several sections including introduction, background, objectives, previous literatures regarding the salty water and coastal communities, methodology of the information collection and analysis. Results section discusses in different sub sections including responses of the responses of the coastal community for water, drink water sources and dilemma, community views on safely managed drinking water, water sources, availability of drinking water in different seasons, quality of drinking water and their contamination, filtering process of salty water, community health issues due to lack of safe drinking water and climate change impacts on water resources and drinking water. In the discussion section, it discusses the issues of drinking water status, drinking water sources in the coastal study area.
The Tree Collectors
Fifty vignettes of remarkable people whose lives have been transformed by their obsessive passion for trees--written and charmingly illustrated by the New York Times bestselling author of The Drunken Botanist"I love everything Amy Stewart has ever created, but this book is my favorite yet. I'm giving this book to everyone I know. Because it, like its subject, is a gift."--Elizabeth Gilbert, author of Eat Pray Love When Amy Stewart discovered a community of tree collectors, she expected to meet horticultural fanatics driven to plant every species of oak or maple. But she also discovered that the urge to collect trees springs from something deeper and more profound: a longing for community, a vision for the future, or a path to healing and reconciliation. In this slyly humorous, informative, often poignant volume, Stewart brings us captivating stories of people who spend their lives in pursuit of rare and wonderful trees and are transformed in the process. Vivian Keh has forged a connection to her Korean elders through her persimmon orchard. The former poet laureate W. S. Merwin planted a tree almost every day for more than three decades, until he had turned a barren estate into a palm sanctuary. And Joe Hamilton cultivates pines on land passed down to him by his once-enslaved great-grandfather, building a legacy for the future. Stewart populates this lively compendium with her own hand-drawn watercolor portraits of these extraordinary people and their trees, interspersed with side trips to investigate famous tree collections, arboreal glossaries, and even tips for "unauthorized" forestry. This book is a stunning tribute to a devoted group of nature lovers making their lives--and the world--more beautiful, one tree at a time.
Growing Formosa papaya in a tropical climate and sandy soil
The aim of this book is to describe the activities carried out during my internship at the Canta Galo farm, located in the northeastern state of Bahia. The farm has 600 irrigated hectares for the production of Formosa papaya, both for sale on the domestic market and for export. All the stages of papaya production are covered, from the production of seedlings in the nursery to the post-harvest handling of the fruit, with the aim of explaining the practices adopted on the farm and the purpose of each activity carried out.
Liquid soil fertilization
In contrast to crops such as coffee, citrus and pineapple, there is little information about the use of liquid soil fertilizer for grain-producing crops such as soybean and maize and in pastures. To address this gap was developted a research at the Advanced Research and Development Center for Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems of the Agronomic Institute (IAC) of the S瓊o Paulo Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), which is located in the Cerrado biome in the municipality of Votuporanga, S瓊o Paulo State, Brazil. This research gave rise to this book.
Influence of homeopathic medicines and preparations on lettuce
The aim of this book was to verify the influence of different dynamizations of the homeopathic medicines Arnica montana, Calcarea carbonica, Carbo vegetabilis, Silicea terra, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla nigricans and the homeopathic preparation of a癟a穩 residue on the development of two lettuce cultivars. The lettuce cultivars "Veronica" and "Regina" were chosen for the trial. In the analysis of the development of the "Veronica" cultivar, it was observed that in almost all the parameters evaluated, the medicine Carbo vegetabillis 6CH, followed by Calcarea carbonica 12CH, Silicea terra 12CH, Phosphorus 12CH, Pulsatilla nigricans 12CH and the preparation of A癟a穩 12CH contributed to a better performance of the seedlings. The medicines Silicea terra 6CH and Carbo vegetabillis 6CH influenced all the variables studied in the "Regina" cultivar, except for the growth of the root system.
Irrigation with saline water and potassium in guava rootstock
The guava tree is of socio-economic and food importance to the northeastern region of Brazil, where there is limited availability of good quality water. With this in mind, the research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity associated with potassium fertilization on the production of guava rootstock seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Center for Agrifood Sciences and Technology at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal - PB. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with the treatments referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECa = 0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-繒) in interaction with four doses of potassium (70, 100, 130 and 160% K) with the recommended dose of 100% K (726 mg of K dm-3 of substrate) for guava seedlings and four replications, each plot consisting of two useful plants, whose genotype was the Paluma cultivar.
Potassium and calcium fertigation management in tomato cultivation
The production and quality of tomato fruit is directly related to the quality of the water used for irrigation and the adequate supply of nutrients, especially potassium and calcium. This work was carried out at the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) in Mossor籀, RN, with the aim of evaluating the cultivation of tomatoes (Lycopersicumes culentum Mill) in a protected environment, using irrigation with saline water and fertigation with different potassium: calcium ratios. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment using coconut fiber substrate. The treatments were formed by combining five ionic ratios of potassium and calcium using standard solutions for each crop.
Evaluation of the Stevia crop in the Upper Itaja穩 Valley - SC - Brazil
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), a perennial plant native to the Amamba穩 mountain range, a region located between Brazil and Paraguay, belongs to the Asteraceae family and produces two secondary metabolites of economic interest, stevioside (Est) and rebaudioside A (Reb A). These metabolites are, respectively, 300 and 450 times sweeter than sucrose and have antacid, cardiotonic, anticaries, antirotavirus properties, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic effects that help in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and stimulate insulin secretion by acting on the β cells of the pancreas. In the Alto Vale do Itaja穩 region, the cultivation of stevia could become a viable alternative to tobacco cultivation. To do so, we need genotypes that are adapted and productive for the region. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production and the accumulation of stevioside and rebaudioside A in the Alto Vale do Itaja穩 region - Santa Catarina - Brazil.
Digestibility of annatto meal with exogenous enzymes
The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of an enzyme complex to the digestibility of annatto meal for Nile tilapia. A digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients and digestible energy of annatto seed meal (FSU) and the effects of supplementing feed with an enzyme complex containing cellulase, protease and amylase on the digestibility of nutrients in juvenile nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experimental rations were supplemented with a commercial enzyme complex at levels of 0.0, 0.033, 0.066 and 0.099%. The collection period lasted 15 days and apparent digestibility was determined using the indirect method, using chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as a digestibility indicator. A total of 45 male juvenile nile tilapia weighing approximately 100.00g were randomly distributed in three incubators adapted for digestibility testing.
Germination of Annonas seeds
This paper describes the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the germination of three species of Annona, known as araticum-cag瓊o, graviola and pinha. Their seeds are dormant, making germination more difficult. In order to solve this problem, gibberellic acid (GA3) was used, a type of gibberellin that, among other physiological effects, activates embryo growth and cancels the phenomenon of dormancy in some species. Analyses were carried out using standardised tests recommended in the Rules for Seed Analysis. It was not possible to establish a standard concentration for all Annona species, but each species responded positively to a certain concentration of GA3.
Environmental, social and economic aspects of Pinus cultivation
Introduction to Pinus cultivation in Brazil. Biophysical environment of the area: Eldorado do Sul and Cachoeira do Sul municipalities. Socio-economic environment. Pinus production chains. Products and productivity of pine forestry. Regional forestry development. Suitable pine species and industries. Constraints, opportunities and adjustments for Pinus forestry in the region covered by the study.
Nitrogen and phosphate fertilization in cowpea cultivation
The book entitled "Nitrogen and phosphate fertilization in cowpea cultivation" provides students, teachers, researchers and farmers with relevant information on the use and proper management of fertilization in cowpea cultivation in the semi-arid conditions of the state of Para穩ba. The text also includes a literature review of work carried out on cowpea cultivation in other microregions of the country, as well as data on development, nutrition, foliar analysis and the economics of fertilization.
Innovative Preservation Technology of Perishable Horticultural Crops
One of the issues with food security and world hunger in many nations is post-harvest loss. Reducing various horticultural crops loss and waste is one of the most important issues for feeding the world's population sustainably in the future because various horticultural crops loss can reach up to 50%. Fruit and vegetable post-harvest losses are mostly caused by handling and storage after harvest, processing steps, distribution, and consumption. Innovative preservation technologies constitute an inter-disciplinary science and techniques applied to horticultural commodities after harvest for the purpose of preservation, conservation, quality control/enhancement, processing, packaging, storage, distribution, marketing, and utilization to meet the food and nutritional requirements of consumers in relation to their needs. This book describes all the postharvest techniques and technologies available to handle perishable horticultural food commodities. It includes basic concepts and important new advances in the subject.
Physical, economic and social productivity of used water
The objective of this work was to determine the economic-social productivity of water used in the production of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the RDD (Rural Development District) Comond繳, Baja California Sur, Mexico and contrast it against the corresponding indicators of the grain corn (Zea mays) crop in the same RDD, through indicators of physical (PFA), economic (PEA) and social (PSA) productivity of water. The methodology used the mathematical models of Rios et al. (2015 a and 2018) that allowed estimating the PFA, PEA and PSA. The results show that the PFA, PEA and PSA of date and grain corn crops were: in PFA: 0.103 and 1.550 kg m-3, in PEA: USD 0.083 and USD 0.009 gain per m3 and in PSA: 3.84 and 4.09 jobs hm-3 respectively. The PEA of the date was higher than crops such as grain corn from the same RDD, rainfed coffee from Chiapas, walnuts from Chihuahua and Coahuila, and bovine milk from Chihuahua, but lower than apples with low, medium or high use of technology from Chihuahua, grapes from Sonora and Coahuila, avocado from Michoac獺n, and peaches from Zacatecas.
Productivity of water, capital and labor in apple cultivation
Of all sectors of the economy, agriculture is the most sensitive to water scarcity, employing approximately 70% of global freshwater withdrawals, making it the sector with the most possibilities or options for adjustment (UN-Water, 2012). Water Footprint assessment contributes with a new perspective, in which total water needs are quantified and geographically localized (Aldaya et al., 2011). The water footprint concept was introduced as an analogy to the ecological footprint, indicating water use rather than land use. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that shows both direct and indirect use of water resources. It is defined as the total volume of freshwater used to produce a given good or product. The water footprint is a geographically explicit indicator that not only shows volumes of water use and pollution, but also locations.
Efficiency and productivity of water
The objectives were to determine the physical (PFA), economic (PEA) and social (PSA) productivity, as well as the physical (EFA), economic (EEA) and social (ESA) efficiency of water used in the production of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) and contrast it against apple (Malus domestica) in the state of Chihuahua in 2019, both crops produced under medium technology use (MT) conditions. Models of productivity and water efficiency in the agricultural sector were used, feeding these models with production data at the commercial level from SIAP. The results indicate that the PFA, PEA and PSA were (always MT walnut vs MT apple): 0.15 and 2.28 kg m-3, USD 126,897 and USD 619,570 profit per hm3 and 9 and 23 jobs per hm3, while the EFA, EEA and ESA were: 6,603 and 438 liters kg-1, 7.88 and 1.61 m3 of water used per USD of profit and 113,143 and 42,562 m3 of water used per job. The indicators show that in physical, economic and social terms, water use in production is less productive (therefore less efficient) in walnut.
Botany of Empire
An accessible foray into botany's origins and how we can transform its futureColonial ambitions spawned imperial attitudes, theories, and practices that remain entrenched within botany and across the life sciences. Banu Subramaniam draws on fields as disparate as queer studies, Indigenous studies, and the biological sciences to explore the labyrinthine history of how colonialism transformed rich and complex plant worlds into biological knowledge. Botany of Empire demonstrates how botany's foundational theories and practices were shaped and fortified in the aid of colonial rule and its extractive ambitions. We see how colonizers obliterated plant time's deep history to create a reductionist system that imposed a Latin-based naming system, drew on the imagined sex lives of European elites to explain plant sexuality, and discussed foreign plants like foreign humans. Subramanian then pivots to imagining a more inclusive and capacious field of botany untethered and decentered from its origins in histories of racism, slavery, and colonialism. This vision harnesses the power of feminist and scientific thought to chart a course for more socially just practices of experimental biology.A reckoning and a manifesto, Botany of Empire provides experts and general readers alike with a roadmap for transforming the colonial foundations of plant science.
Primate Seed Dispersal, Seed Germination and Tree Regeneration
One of the ecological shocks escalating in recent years is the decline of large-bodied primates. The hunters' preference for games with more significant body mass, which have more economic benefits than small-bodied animals, may be blamed. The fragmentation of forests causes a reduction in habitat size, leaving numerous primates vulnerable to extinction. An ecosystem with fewer giant primates may have reduced dispersal of large seeds, reduced germination and recruitment of the larger tree seedlings, and eventually reduced regeneration of large-seeded tree species. The integrity of such communities, ecosystems, and forests as a whole may be devastated. Several studies have established primates as a key component of tropical forest dispersal networks. However, no single study has synthesized studies from primate seed dispersal, seed germination, and tree regeneration into a coherent whole, exposing the components of the various interactions. The CEE guidelines for systematic reviews enabled the careful extraction of qualitative and quantitative metadata from 126 publications. The research revealed twenty years of increased publication of research on 'Primate seed Dispersal'.
Insects and forensic detection
Forensic science continues to rely on important clues from the world of invertebrates. Below, you can find information on the types of insects used in forensic investigations and the reasons behind their use. Forensic scientists rely on a variety of insects for their detection work, with an emphasis on flies (Diptera) and beetles (Coleoptera). Flies lay larvae that consume cadaver organs and tissues. As the corpse dries out, beetles take over the decomposition process.Other invertebrates, including those in the soil; also colonize the area around the cadaver. Flies are crucial in forensic investigations, with Diptera species such as Calliphoridae (blow flies) being commonly involved. Blow flies are known for feeding on corpses and can arrive at the scene within minutes to hours of death. Examples of species include Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya rufifacies, Gaiijbhoria vicrna, and Lucilia sericata. Understanding the behavior and ecology of blow flies can aid in forensic detection. For instance, Lucilia illustris is typically found in bright, open habitats, while Phormia regina prefers shaded areas.
Grain size, dry matter and diet consumption for Senepol cattle
Based on the need to know the physical variations of a feed for beef cattle in a confinement system, which is necessary due to the natural behaviour of the species and the existing group hierarchy, a total diet consisting of concentrated feed plus roughage, its variations and the animals' behaviour towards the feed were evaluated for approximately 12 hours. The work was carried out during a feed efficiency test of young cattle (approximately 15 months old) of the Senepol breed, in order to select the best animals in the group and include them in breeding programmes for genetic improvement of the breed, by means of feed efficiency measured through Residual Feed Consumption (RFC). The research results serve as an important tool for beef cattle producers, breeders and researchers who use these efficiency and diet type tests to select better animals, showing the types of variations that can exist in diets, how to measure them and their influence on consumption and animal performance.
