A High Resolution Radar Altimeter to Measure the Topography of Ice Sheets
This thesis is a reference for the Advanced Application Flight Experiment (AAFE) altimeter. The transmitter and receiver subsections are described and measurements of their current state is provided. During the 1994 NASA Greenland Experiment, the altimeter experienced several hardware malfunctions. The process of returning the radar to its fully operational state is presented in detail and necessary design modifications are explained. An updated radar user's manual is included along with various circuit designs which need to be implemented. The thesis is intended to provide an incoming graduate student with a solid foundation of the fundamentals of AAFE altimeter operation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finite Element Analysis of Lamb Waves Acting Within a Thin Aluminum Plate
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology that can be used to identify, locate and quantify structural damages before failure. Among SHM techniques, Lamb waves have become widely used since they can cover large areas from one single location. Due to the development of various structural simulation programs, there is increasing interest in whether SHM data obtained from the simulation can be verified by experimentation. The objective of this thesis is to determine Lamb wave responses using SHM models in ABAQUS CAE (a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program). These results are then compared to experimental results and theoretical predictions under isothermal and thermal gradient conditions in order to assess the sensitivity of piezo-generated Lamb wave propagation. Simulations of isothermal tests are conducted over a temperature range of 0-190-F with 100kHz and 300kHz excitation signal frequencies. The changes in temperature-dependent material properties are correlated to measurable differences in the response signal's waveform and propagation speed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Minimizing Losses in a Space Laser Power Beaming System
A mathematical model is developed to track the amount of power delivered in a wireless laser power beaming system. In a wireless system the power proceeds through several different stages before being delivered to a payload for use. Each of these stages results in power losses that are thoroughly examined, allowing for the calculation of the likely amount of power delivered. Adjusting variable factors within the model allows for the optimization of the system for a specific task. The model shows that an optimized wireless power transfer system can deliver enough power to meet the space experiment objectives. For example to power a Hall-Effect Thruster a laser, photovoltaic cells, satellite power distribution model, and batteries all impact the amount of power delivered. Careful selection of all of these components will allow the laser to power the thruster and the model provides how much power is transferred. Knowledge of the power requirements for the payload further allows the model to determine how long it will be able to operate the payload with the power provided. This model will allow system engineers to answer important design questions about the selection of components to ensure that the end product delivers maximum power.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Improved Multinuclide Imaging of Special Nuclear Material Using a High Purity Germanium Double Sided Strip Detector
In the conduct of this research effort, neutron activated Sn sources and standard radioactive sources were used to simulate the gamma energy spectrum of a nuclear weapon pit. A converging hole collimator was designed, constructed, and mated with an HPGe Double Sided Strip Detector. A MATLAB image processing code was developed to produce a grayscale image of the sources. A variety of source configurations was examined to demonstrate the system's ability to obtain proper spatial distribution information for a multinuclide gamma emitting source. By replacing the converging hole collimator with a second detector array (as in a Compton camera) to improve detector efficiency, HPGe strip detectors may be used for the intended application of identifying the presence of a "spoof" weapon pit consisting of multiple nuclide sources meant to mimic a real weapon pit.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Investigation Into the Feasibility of Using a Modern Gravity Gradient Instrument for Passive Aircraft Navigation and Terrain Avoidance
Recently, Gravity Gradient Instruments (GGIs) - devices which measure the spatial derivatives of gravity, have improved remarkably due to development of accelerometer technologies. Specialized GGIs are currently flown on aircraft for geological purposes in the mining industries. As such, gravity gradient data is recorded in flight and detailed gradient maps are created after post mission processing. These maps, if stored in a database onboard an aircraft and combined with a GGI, form the basis for a covert navigation system using a map matching process. This system is completely passive and essentially unjammable. To determine feasibility of this method, a GGI sensor model was developed to investigate signal levels at representative flight conditions. Aircraft trajectories were simulated over modeled gravity gradient maps to determine the utility of flying modern GGIs in the roles of navigation and terrain avoidance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of a Method for Kinematic GPS Carrier-Phase Ambiguity Resolution Using a Network of Reference Receivers
New applications for GPS have driven a demand for increased positioning accuracy. The emerging GPS technology particularly affects the test community. The testing equipment and method must provide a solution that is an order of magnitude more precise than the tested equipment to achieve the desired accuracy. Carrier-phase differential GPS methods using a network of reference receivers can provide the centimeter-level accuracy required over a large geographical area. This thesis evaluates the performance of a 5-receiver network over a 50 km x 120 km area of New Mexico, using a GPS network algorithm called Net Adjust. The percentage of time a fixed integer solution was available for a kinematic baseline was investigated for three types of measurements. Results showed that the virtual reference receiver method using Net Adjust-corrected measurements outperformed the raw and Net Adjust-corrected file results. However, these results were only obtained for the shortest baseline receivers. The receivers with longer baselines did not experience the same degree of success, but did lead to several important insights gained from the research. Most importantly, the accuracy of the reference receiver coordinates is critical to the performance of a reference receiver network. Further testing must be accomplished before a full implementation is recommended.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Composite Repair and the Effect of Overply Shape Variation on Structural Efficiency
This research characterizes, in the elastic range, a scarf joint with overply using digital image correlation photogrammetry and finite element modeling. Additionally, the effect of varying the overply's geometric profile is examined. Specimens are constructed from AS4/3501-6 prepreg with a [0/ 45/90]2S layup. A fixture is used to achieve a consistent scarfed hole in each panel. The patch and adhesive (FM 300) are co-cured to the panels using positive pressure, which minimizes repair porosity. Three variations in the overply geometry are used: circular, rooftop-end, and tooth-end. The full strain field in each uni-axially loaded specimen is captured using digital image correlation photogrammetry (ARAMIS). These results validate an ABAQUS 3-D finite element model of a scarf patch with circular overply. Good correlation is evident in the longitudinal strain; strain sensitivity limits correlation in the transverse and shear directions. The finite element model is used to identify peak out-of-plane stresses in the repair joint. Significant normal stresses occur at edge of the overply and at the inner scarf diameter. Finally, the experimentally-measured strains of the 3 overply variations are examined. Variation in strain magnitude is insignificant; the strain gradient at the overply edge, however, is significantly lower on the profile with the tooth-edge.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Analysis of Cloud-Free Line-of-Sight Probability Calculations
Cloud-free line-of-sight probabilities were calculated using two separate methods. The first was a variation of a method developed by the Rand Corporation in 1972. In it, CFLOS probabilities were calculated using empirical data based on five years of photograms taken over Columbia, Missouri and forecasted cloud amounts rather than climatological values. The second was a new approach using the Cloud Scene Simulation Model developed by Phillips Laboratory. Cloud scenes were generated using forecasted cloud fields, meteorological inputs, and thirty random numbers. Water content files were produced and processed through a follow-on program to determine the extinction coefficients at each grid point in the working domain. A reiterative routine was written to integrate the extinction coefficients along a view angle from the top of the domain down to the surface at separate points within the horizontal domain. The values of each point were summed and averaged over the working domain to determine the CFLOS probability for the target area. The nadir look angle was then examined for both methods. Stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and altocumulus cloud types were independently examined with the CSSM generated cloud scenes. Each method and cloud type were compared against the known CFLOS probability for nadir.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Experimental Investigation of a Lift Augmented Ground Effect Platform
This experimental study investigated the feasibility of applying the concept of a skirtless hovercraft into the production of an operational vehicle. A 0.255 m diameter prototype was designed, built and tested. An air bearing table was used as a testing platform, virtually eliminating the influence of friction and providing one degree of freedom for the experiments. Static tests were performed at various heights and craft configurations, providing a wide range of data for comparison. Lift, torque and efficiency were measured and calculated for each setting. Pressure and velocity information was also collected at specific points around the craft when operating at different heights above ground. The results indicate a significant increase in total lift and efficiency when operating the model at close to the ground heights, in ground effect, compared to the lift produced by the propeller and motor alone. Even more significant changes were found when comparing the in ground effect results with the out of ground effect values of lift and efficiency. The study also investigated the use of Coanda nozzles on the peripheral region of the craft, and found them to be less efficient than straight nozzles with similar size and flow rates. Comparisons between the experimental results and previous computational fluid dynamic analysis are also made and presented in this study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Textbook on Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
"A Textbook on Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Volume 01" offers a comprehensive overview of fundamental engineering principles as taught at the end of the 19th century. Authored by the International Correspondence Schools, this volume provides detailed explanations and illustrations relevant to both mechanical and electrical systems. While reflecting the technology of its time, this book provides valuable insights into the historical development of engineering education and practice. It serves as a fascinating resource for anyone interested in the history of technology, offering a glimpse into the foundations upon which modern engineering disciplines were built. This volume preserves the original content, making it an invaluable artifact for collectors, researchers, and students of engineering history.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exploring Potential ADS-B Vulnerabilities in the FAA's NextGen Air Transportation System
The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Next Generation upgrade proposes a fundamental transformation to thenational airspace system (NAS) that aims to reduce dependence on outdated radar infrastructure, increase airline safetyand condense required aircraft spatial separation. A key component of the upgrade is the Automatic DependentSurveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system. ADS-B provides continual broadcast of aircraft position, identity, velocityand other information over unencrypted data links to generate a precise air picture for air traffic management. Officialdocuments claim operational requirements necessitate unencrypted data links while maintaining that there is a lowlikelihood for malicious exploitation. This paper studies the security vulnerabilities associated with the ADS-Bimplementation plan and develops a taxonomy to classify attacks and examine potential impacts the attacks have onoverall NAS operations. The taxonomy helps provide a comprehensive understanding of the threats associated withADS-B implementation and facilitates risk analysis and risk management.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
TM 5-801-10
The United States Army Publishing Directorate is the Army's leader in publishing and delivering informational products worldwide. Their main mission is to supply official authenticated information to enhance the readiness of the total force. Some product topics include: Army Regulations, Engineering Technical Manuals, Administrative Publications, Circulars and Pamphlets. This is one of their documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Hardware Realization of a Transform Domain Communication System
The purpose of this research was to implement a Transform Domain Communication System (TDCS) in hardware and compare experimental bit error performance with results published in literature. The intent is to demonstrate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of a TDCS in communicating binary data across a real channel. In this case, an acoustic channel that is laden with narrowband interference was considered. A TDCS user pair was constructed to validate the proposed design using Matlab to control a PC sound card. The proposed TDCS design used the Bartlett method of spectrum estimation, the spectral notching algorithm found in TDCS literature, quadrature phase shift keying, and minimum mean square error transverse equalization to mitigate the effects of noise and intersymbol interference. Water-filling was evaluated as an alternative to spectral notching for performing waveform design and is shown to perform equivalently. Validated software was migrated to code suitable for use onboard a Digital Signal Processor Starter Kit (DSK). Two DSK boards were used, one for transmission and reception, and bit error performance results were obtained. Bit error analysis reveals that the TDCS hardware performs approximately the same as literature suggests.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Investigation Into Fretting Fatigue Under Cyclic Contact Load and Inconjunction With Plain Fatigue of Titanium Alloy
Fretting fatigue is the surface damage that occurs at the interface between two components that are under going a small amplitude oscillatory movements. Itresults in a reduction of the material life comparing to the plain fatigue. Most of the previous works were accomplished under a constant applied contact load anda little effort has been done under a variable contact load, while none of these studies have taken the phase difference between the axial and the contact load. Theprimary goal of this study is to investigate the effect of phase difference between axial and contact loads on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and todetermine the behavior of this material under combination of fretting fatigue and plain fatigue. The frequency of both axial and contact loads was the same .i.e.10 Hz. During the variable contact load condition; only the axial stress range and the phase angle were varying.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Examination of Range and Doppler Mismatch and Their Effects on Radar Modeling
A commonly accepted airborne phased array radar model simplifies the analytical derivation by assuming a waveform is perfectly matched in range and Doppler shift. This assumption means the matched lter output is e ectively constant for all possible received scatterer Doppler and range mismatches, greatly simplifying the analytical development from that point forward. This research removes the matched Doppler and range assumption and examines the e ects of several common waveforms on the model's delity along with the associated impact on radar performance, both non-adaptive and adaptive. Analysis is completed using power spectral density comparisons and the fully adaptive output signal to interference plus noise ratio comparison. Results indicate that the model's delity is impacted little by the Time Frequency Auto Correlation Function. However, change in bandwidth from the compressed waveforms does impact the model. Increased bandwidth introduces more thermal noise which dominates clutter returns. Therefore, the clutter problem becomes less di cult. The trade-o is a reduction in the resolution capability of the clutter spectrum.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Numerical Study of Optical Delay in Semiconductor Multilayer Distributed Bragg Reflector and Tunable Microcavity Structures
The Air Force has a growing need for the greater bandwidth, speed, and flexibility offered by optical communication links. Future space systems and airborne platforms will most likely use optical signals for efficient power transmission and to minimize the possibility of spoofing and eavesdropping. Tunable optical delays play an important role in the implementation of free space optical communication links. The primary challenge in implementing these systems is the active maintenance of coherent wave fronts across the system's optical aperture. For space applications, this aperture may be hundreds of meters in diameter. Spatial segmentation of a large aperture into smaller elements is one approach that can be used to solve the problem of coherent waveform maintenance. In this research I explore three methods of achieving electrically tunable optical delay in a semiconductor structure. My first approach entails the use of multiple quantum wells inserted within the high index layers of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) to produce tunable optical delay when a transverse electric field is applied across the entire DBR. The second approach uses a cantilever mounted on top of a DBR structure. The cantilever is also a DBR and is used to vary the thickness of an air gap within the structure. A third approach relies on changing the angle of incidence of light on a DBR structure to produce a delay.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook for the Preparation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for Construction Activities
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, also sometimes shortened to CoE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 38,000 civilian and military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agency. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. Hydropower capacity. The Corps' mission is to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. This document was published by the members of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 3-310-04
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using the GPS to Improve Trajectory Position and Velocity Determination During Real-Time Ejection Seat Test and Evaluation
Test and evaluation of the United States Air Force's latest aircraft escape system technology requires accurate position and velocity profiles during each test to determine the relative positions between the aircraft, ejection seat, manikin and the ground. Current rocket sled testing relies on expensive ground based multiple camera systems to determine the position and velocity profiles. While these systems are satisfactory at determining seat and manikin trajectories for sled testing, their accuracy decreases when they are used for in-flight testing, especially at high altitudes. This research presents the design and test results from a new GPS-based system capable of monitoring all major ejection test components (including multiple ejection seat systems) during an entire escape system test run. This portable system can easily be integrated into the test manikin, within the flight equipment, or in the ejection seat. Small, low-power, lightweight Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS receivers, capable of handling high-accelerations, are mounted on the desired escape system component to maintain track during the escape system test sequence from initiation until the final landing. The GPS-based system will be used to augment the telemetry and photography systems currently being used at the Air Force (AF) and other Department of Defense's (DoD) sled track test facilities to improve tracking accuracy and reduce testing costs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Critical Infrastructure Rebuild Prioritization Using Simulation Optimization
This thesis examines the importance of a critical infrastructure rebuild strategy following a terrorist attack or natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. Critical infrastructures are very complex and dependent systems in which their re-establishment is an essential part of the rebuilding process. A rebuild simulation model consisting of three layers (physical, information, and spatial) captures the dependency between the six critical infrastructures modeled. We employ a simulation optimization approach to evaluate rebuild prioritization combinations with a goal of minimizing the time needed to achieve an acceptable rebuild level. We use a simulated annealing heuristic as an optimization technique that works in concert with the rebuild simulation model. We test our approach with three disaster scenarios and find that the initial rebuild strategy greatly impacts the time to recover. With respect to the scenarios tested, we recommend a rebuild strategy and areas for further investigation that may be of use to disaster and emergency management organizations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Air Force Energy Security
The price of crude oil recently soared past $115 per barrel, resulting in the most expensive gasoline prices ever and renewing the debate over America's insatiable demand for energy. Airpower provided by the United States Air Force (USAF) uniquely depends on high density liquid fuels to deliver the flexible, asymmetric advantages of rapid mobility and global power. In fact, the USAF is the largest government consumer of energy and spends more than $5.8B annually on 2.6B gallons of aviation fuel, comprising 82% of its energy budget. Furthermore, every $10 increase per barrel of oil costs the Air Force an additional $600M annually, as reflected by the $2.1B growth of the FY09 budget to account for rising fuel costs. The eventual price for expensive energy in our budget constrained environment has been reduced flight training hours and fewer funds to invest in the recapitalization of an aging aircraft fleet, both of which degrade the service's combat capability. In short, our national and military dependence on oil is a strategic center of gravity which can be exploited by our adversaries and will continue to be a national problem as this increasingly limited resource becomes more expensive to discover, secure, and produce. As we move forward into the 21st century, the interdependence of energy, the economy, and national security will be intertwined and are a great cause for concern. Now is the time for investment in a diverse portfolio of renewable and domestic energy sources. The USAF recognized the vulnerability caused by its energy consumption and has established an aggressive energy strategy to reduce demand, increase supply, and develop a lasting culture of energy awareness. The Air Force is reducing unnecessary weight from daily air mobility training sorties and investing in revolutionary engine and aerodynamic technologies to improve fuel efficiency and reduce demand.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cross-Connection Control Manual
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Prototype Development and Dynamic Characterization of Deployable Cubesat Booms
The current barrier to CubeSat proliferation is their lack of utility depth. These small satellites are exceptionally well suited for specific space missions such as space weather observation and other scientific data gathering exploits, however, they are not suited for every mission. The 10cm-cube form factor that gives the CubeSat its unique advantage is also its greatest hindrance. A potential bridge over this gap is the successful integration of deployable booms onto the CubeSat structure. With this research, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) explored the parameters of deployable tapespring booms using the triangular retractable and collapsible (TRAC) cross-sectional geometry developed by Air Force Research Labs (AFRL) and used on NASA's CubeSat, Nanosail-D These booms were augmented with reflective membranes and specifically designed to deploy on orbit for the purpose of ground observation, observations that could later be used to determine the deployed dynamics of the booms from optical data gained passively by solar illumination.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
TM 5-811-7
The United States Army Publishing Directorate is the Army's leader in publishing and delivering informational products worldwide. Their main mission is to supply official authenticated information to enhance the readiness of the total force. Some product topics include: Army Regulations, Engineering Technical Manuals, Administrative Publications, Circulars and Pamphlets. This is one of their documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Investigation of Laser Beam Combining and Clean-Up via Seeded Simulated Brillouin Scattering in Multimode Optical Fibers
The purpose of this thesis research was to determine if stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification in multimode optical fibers would exhibit the same laser beam combining and clean-up properties exhibited by SBS oscillation, and to characterize the Brillouin amplification process in a multimode optical fiber. Beam combining in multimode fibers via SBS is being considered as a method of combining low power laser beams into a single beam having higher power and superior spatial coherence for applications such as electro-optic countermeasures. Experimental results demonstrate seeding a 9.5 m fiber significantly reduced the pump power required to initiate SBS. An amplified Stokes beam was observed with as little as 4 mW of pump power, and the maximum conversion efficiency was 44%, similar to conversion efficiencies reported for SBS oscillation. Polarization of the Stokes beam depended on seed beam polarization. The profile of the amplified Stokes beam depended on the coupling and polarization of the seed fiber; both LP01 and LP11 modes were observed from the 9.5 m fiber. However, the Stokes beam profile did not depend on spatial quality of the pump beam, exhibiting some of the clean-up properties associated with the SBS oscillation process.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Standard Practice for Shotcrete
This manual provides guidance and assistance to design engineers in the development of different types of equipment used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The manual should be used when preparing electrical designs for civil works facilities built, owned, or operated by the Corps of Engineers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development and Characterization of an Emergency Communications System Using Near Vertical Incident Skywave Antennas
Near Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) techniques involve physical propagation using the electromagnetically reflective canopy of ionosphere. HF radio transmission is normally optimized for distances beyond 1000 miles. However, NVIS techniques optimize communication from the transmitting station out to 200 miles. A void exists in communication distances beyond line-of-sight and closer than several hundred miles. Line-of-sight communications can easily be accomplished with transceivers operating above 90 MHz. Long distance communication around the globe can be accomplished with HF radios, however HF communication is frequently disrupted by the peculiar nature of skip propagation. Skip propagation is the tendency for HF waves to be received in the immediate vicinity of the transmitter and also received several hundred miles away, but to be missing (skipping) the interval between. This is the result of optimizing the design of HF antennas for long distance communication. The NVIS system characterized in this work was designed to eliminate skip propagation by optimizing the design for contiguous coverage. The NVIS technique involves use of transmission and receiving antennas that create nearly vertical propagation and continuous coverage from the transmitter to a distance of 200 miles.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Gravity Gradiometry and Map Matching
Inertial navigation systems (INS) offer passive, all-weather, and undeniable navigation information, which military customers often view as especially appealing strengths. Unfortunately, Airmen and engineers still struggle with INS's drifting position errors, and navigation aids generally detract from INS's strengths. At this year's Air, Space, and Cyberspace in the 21st Century Conference, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force identified the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a widely-known and exploitable vulnerability, saying that it's critical the Joint force reduce GPS dependence. Recent advances provide an opportunity for gravity gradient instruments (GGI), which measure spatial derivatives of the gravity vector, to aid an INS and preserve its strengths. This thesis shows that a GGI and map matching enhanced (GAME) INS improves navigation accuracy, presents the conditions that make GAME feasible for aircraft, and identifies opportunities for improvement. The methodology includes computer models and algorithms, where a GGI and map matching aid an INS through a Kalman filter. Simulations cover different terrains, altitudes, velocities, flight durations, INS drifts, update rates, components of the gravity gradient tensor, GGI and map noise levels, map resolutions, and levels of interpolation. Although GAME with today's technology only appears worthwhile for long range and long endurance flights, the technologies expected in 10 years promise a broad spectrum of scenarios where GAME potentially provides great returns on investments and dominates the market for secure and covert navigation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modeling and Simulation Technology a New Vector for Flight-test
In June of 1995, senior Air Force leadership led by Secretary Widnall and General Ronald Fogelman, Chief of Staff met to establish policy for the future of Air Force modeling and simulation (MS). The result of this conference was a the publication of A New Vector as a balanced strategy and a roadmap for Air Force MS. The MS roadmap in A New Vector is best compared to something with which the Air Force is very familiar-how to assess and invest in the capability of aircraft systems. Because aircraft systems assessment is the basic mission of flight-test, this thesis addresses the question: As design and engineering models increase in scope and complexity from the physical component level to complex systems, what are the capabilities and limitations of MS for flight test? In order to answer the research question three criteria were used to evaluate the results of each case study. First, the costs and benefits of MS were compared with the tradeoffs required for not doing MS. Second, the engineering validity of the MS efforts was evaluated. Engineering validity is the determination as to whether the modeling data were sufficiently accurate to solve the problem at hand. Third, the comprehensiveness of each MS effort was evaluated. For the purposes of this study, comprehensiveness is whether an MS effort had sufficient scope to solve the entire problems. An MS effort that completely and accurately predicted the experimental outcome of flight-test was comprehensive. The process used for answering these questions was a systematic examination of three case studies. The first case covered MS at the physical component level, and looked at how computational fluid dynamics was used to solve a stores separation problem on the B-1B. The second case was an examination of the VISTA in-flight simulator as a tool for modeling closed-loop control systems. The third case is examines the role of MS in designing and flight-testing the Boeing 777. All three cases discussed in this researchThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stress Analysis of Sandwich Panels
A layerwise geometrically nonlinear theory for a thick sandwich plate was developed by introducing assumptions on a variation of transverse strains in the thickness direction of the faces and the core of the plate. An effect of transverse extensibility or compressibility of the core and the face sheets is taken into account, and the terms associated with transverse shear strain of the face sheets and the core are included into the expression for the strain energy. Displacements, obtained by integration of the strain-displacement relations, depend nonlinearly on a coordinate in the thickness direction, and are continuous at the boundaries between the face sheets and the core. The nonlinear von-Karman strain-displacement relations are used in order to provide a representation of the moderately large rotations. The in-plane stresses are computed from the constitutive relations in each ply of the face sheets, using each ply`s material properties, and the transverse stresses are computed by substituting the in-plane stresses into equations of motion and by integrating the equations of motion.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Tailoring the Statistical Experimental Design Process for LVC Experiments
The use of Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) Simulation environments are increasingly being examined for potential analytical use particularly in test and evaluation. The LVC simulation environments provide a mechanism for conducting joint mission testing and system of systems testing when scale and resource limitations prevent the accumulation of the necessary density and diversity of assets required for these complex and comprehensive tests. The statistical experimental design process is re-examined for potential application to LVC experiments and several additional considerations are identified to augment the experimental design process for use with LVC. This augmented statistical experimental design process is demonstrated by a case study involving a series of tests on an experimental data link for strike aircraft using LVC simulation for the test environment. The goal of these tests is to assess the usefulness of information being presented to aircrew members via different datalink capabilities. The statistical experimental design process is used to structure the experiment leading to the discovery of faulty assumptions and planning mistakes that could potentially wreck the results of the experiment. Lastly, an aggressive sequential experimentation strategy is presented for LVC experiments when test resources are limited. This strategy depends on a foldover algorithm that we developed for nearly orthogonal arrays to rescue LVC experiments when important factor effects are confounded.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Design of Coastal Revetments, Seawalls, and Bulkheads
This manual provides guidance and assistance to design engineers in the development of different types of equipment used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The manual should be used when preparing electrical designs for civil works facilities built, owned, or operated by the Corps of Engineers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Design Guide
This Design Guide provides the information and resources necessary to design and install cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) water supply systems in residential buildings. It includes comprehensive design concepts and installation guidelines to increase the acceptance and proper use of PEX. This document is targeted to meet the needs of home builders, designers, and trade contractors. Its purpose is to introduce potential users to PEX and to enable current users to optimize their PEX plumbing and minimize system costs. In addition, it will allow code inspectors and homeowners to become familiar with the applications, performance characteristics, and benefits of PEX water supply systems.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Integrated Synthetic Aperture Radar/Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System for Target Geolocation Improvement
A significant amount of military and civilian research has been aimed at the sensor fusion technology area. However, there has been little research into the fusion between synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors and navigation sensors like the inertial navigation sensor (INS) and the global positioning system (GPS). SAR is used in civilian and military applications to image ground based targets in reconnaissance and fighter targeting missions. The SAR range and range rate measurements are generally obtained and processed independently from the aircraft navigation system. This thesis explores a potential integration technique to fuse information from the navigation sensors with the SAR target measurements. Using Kalman filtering techniques, an INS/GPS/SAR integrated system was simulated in a single Kalman filter to analyze the SAR target geolocation accuracy benefits. Three different GPS receiver models were used in the integrated system: stand-alone, differential, and carrier-phase differential (using floating ambiguity resolution). Each of these GPS models were integrated with a common INS/SAR combination to determine the target geolocation accuracy improvements due only to GPS receiver type. Thesis results show that SAR targeting can be enhanced, through tight integration of an INS/GPS navigation system, without increasing the SAR resolution.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Gaussian Mixture Reduction for Bayesian Target Tracking in Clutter
The Bayesian solution for tracking a target in clutter results naturally in a target state Gaussian mixture probability density function (pdf) which is a sum of weighted Gaussian pdfs, or mixture components. As new tracking measurements are received, the number of mixture components increases without bound, and eventually a reduced-component approximation of the original Gaussian mixture pdf is necessary to evaluate the target state pdf efficiently while maintaining good tracking performance. Many approximation methods exist, but these methods are either ad hoc or use rather crude approximation techniques. Recent studies have shown that a measure-function-based mixture reduction algorithm (MRA) may be used to generate a high-quality reduced-component approximation to the original target state Gaussian mixture pdf. To date, the Integral Square Error (ISE) cost-function-based MRA has been shown to provide better tracking performance than any previously published Bayesian tracking in heavy clutter algorithm. Research conducted for this thesis has led to the development of a new measure function, the Correlation Measure (CM), which gauges the similarity between a full- and reduced-component Gaussian mixture pdf. This new measure function is implemented in an MRA and tested in a simulated scenario of a single target in heavy clutter. Results indicate that the CM MRA provides slightly better performance than the ISE cost-function-based MRA, but only by a small margin.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Design and Validation of an Sccurate GPS Signal and Receiver Truth Model for Comparing Advanced Receiver Processing Techniques
Recent increases in the computational power of computers and digital signal processors have made possible new, novel signal tracking techniques in GPS receivers. One such technique is known as Direct Correlator Output Processing (DCOP). This technique replaces individual traditional tracking loops with a single Kalman Filter, which jointly processes the received signals while exploiting their correlated noises. DCOP is innovative in its potential to replace the tried and true classical signal tracking loops. It is also an enabling technology for ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS (Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System). Potential benefits of these new tracking techniques include an order-of-magnitude improvement in positional accuracy in environments of jamming and high dynamics. However, such performance gains are typically based on software simulations of conceptual GPS receiver designs, not working prototypes. Simulating these new designs requires the modeling of GPS signals and receiver tracking loops, instead of the traditional pseudorange and carrier-phase measurements, which many proven GPS simulation software packages accurately model.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Quality Assurance Representative's Guide
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, also sometimes shortened to CoE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 38,000 civilian and military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agency. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. Hydropower capacity. The Corps' mission is to provide vital public engineering services in peace and war to strengthen the nation's security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters. This document was published by the members of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Critical Infrastructure Rebuild Prioritization Using Simulation Optimization
This thesis examines the importance of a critical infrastructure rebuild strategy following a terrorist attack or natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. Critical infrastructures are very complex and dependent systems in which their re-establishment is an essential part of the rebuilding process. A rebuild simulation model consisting of three layers (physical, information, and spatial) captures the dependency between the six critical infrastructures modeled. We employ a simulation optimization approach to evaluate rebuild prioritization combinations with a goal of minimizing the time needed to achieve an acceptable rebuild level. We use a simulated annealing heuristic as an optimization technique that works in concert with the rebuild simulation model. We test our approach with three disaster scenarios and find that the initial rebuild strategy greatly impacts the time to recover. With respect to the scenarios tested, we recommend a rebuild strategy and areas for further investigation that may be of use to disaster and emergency management organizations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Conceptual Design Tool to Analyze Electrochemically-Powered Micro Air Vehicles
A multi-fidelity conceptual design tool was developed to assess electrochemically-powered micro air vehicles(MAVs). The tool utilizes four areas of contributing analyses (CAs): aerodynamics, propulsion, power management, and power sources to determine the endurance duration of a given mission. The low-fidelity aerodynamic CA consisted of drag polar calculations and the high-level CA used a vortex theory code called Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL). The propulsion CA employed QPROP and a MATLAB code that used experimental propeller data and motor constants to predict propeller-motor combination performance for the low- and high-fidelity tracks, respectively. The power management CA determined the percentage of required power the power sources needed to provide by a user-defined split or an optimization to maximize endurance duration for the two fidelity options. The power source CA used specific energy and specific power calculations for the low-fidelity track and polarization curves and Ragone plots for the high-fidelity track.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fault Tree Handbook
In accordance with the 1988 amendment to the Act, the NRC's Office of the Inspector General (OIG)was established on April 15, 1989, as an independent and objective unit to conduct and supervise auditsand conduct investigations relating to NRC's programs and operations. The purpose of OIG's audits andinvestigations is to prevent and detect fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement, and promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in NRC programs and operations. In addition, OIG reviews existing andproposed regulations, legislation, and directives, and provides comments, as appropriate, regarding anysignificant concerns. The NRC Staff and NRC Contractors create reports or brochures on regulatory decisions. Theseare results of research, results of incident investigations, and other technical and administrativeinformation. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Comparison of Computational Electromagnetic Codes for Prediction of Low-Frequency Radar Cross Section
Radar cross section (RCS) prediction of full-scale aircraft is of interest to military planners for a variety of applications. Several computational electromagnetic codes for RCS prediction are available with differing features and capabilities. The goal of this research is to compare the capabilities of three computational electromagnetic codes for use in production of RCS signature assessments at low frequencies in terms of performance, accuracy, and features: Fast Illinois Solver Code (FISC), Code for Analysis of Radiators on Lossy Surfaces (CARLOS-3D), and Science Applications International Corporation Full-wave solver (SAF). The comparison is accomplished through analysis of predicted and measured RCS of several canonical and simple objects and a complex target comprised of these constituent objects. In addition to RCS accuracy, memory requirements and computation time are key considerations for this code comparison. Verification of code performance in memory and processing time based on varying levels of unknowns is performed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 3-310-04
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of Human Reliability Analysis Methods Against Good Practices
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has developed guidance for performing or evaluating human reliability analyses (HRAs) to support risk-informed regulatory decision-making and, in particular, the implementation of Regulatory Guide 1.200, "An Approach for Determining the Technical Adequacy of Probabilistic Risk Assessment Results for Risk-Informed Activities," dated February 2004. The NRC's detailed HRA guidance was developed in two phases. The first phase focused on developing "Good Practices for Implementing Human Reliability Analysis," as documented in NUREG-1792, dated April 2005. The second phase, summarized in this report, evaluated the various HRA methods that are commonly used in regulatory applications in the United States, with a particular focus on the extent to which they provide guidance to satisfy the good practices. Since the good practices closely parallel the requirements of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Standard (RA-S-2002) promulgated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the HRA methods are also evaluated against that standard by implication. Toward that end, this report includes observations regarding the respective strengths and limitations of the HRA methods, as well as summaries of the scope, underlying knowledge base, and sources of quantification data associated with each method.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Macroscopic Computational Model of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators
Recent progress in the generation and sustainment of gas discharges at atmospheric pressure has energized research in the field of plasma-aerodynamics. Plasma actuators are promising devices that achieve flow control with no moving parts, do not alter the airfoil shape and place no parts in the flow. The operation of a plasma actuator is examined using a macroscopic (force and power addition) computational fluid dynamic model of a dielectric barrier discharge, DBD, in Fluent . A parametric approach is adopted to survey the range of requisite magnitudes of momentum and energy delivered to the flow field and to identify the effects of this localized momentum and energy addition on the flow characteristics. Simulations consider the initiation and control of flow over a flat plate in a low velocity fluid. The simulation velocity profiles are compared with the experimental observations of Corke (AIAA 2002-0350) as well as simulations of Font (AIAA 2004-3574), Boeuf and Pitchford (JAP 97 103307 2005), and Roy and Gaitonde (AIAA 2005-4631).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Selecting the Best Thermal Building Insulation Using a Multi-Attribute Decision Model
Thermal building insulation has traditionally been viewed as a means to reduce thermal conductivity through the building envelope. Builders typically choose the least expensive material which meets the specifications in order to remain competitive. Other factors regarding long term health and environmental consequences are typically dismissed. However, a recent shift toward sustainability requires that architects and engineers take a more responsible approach to building design. This research takes a holistic approach to selecting thermal building insulation through the use of a multi-attribute decision model.Several types of insulating products from a variety of manufacturers were investigated in order to determine the best insulation alternative for the new Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) academic facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base based upon the objectives of an Air Force decision-maker. Human health and environmental impacts were considered in addition to those traditionally associated with thermal building insulation. A multi-attribute decision model was chosen for this research because of the numerous alternatives and competing objectives.The results show that polystyrene ranks highest according to value; however, polystyrene has the highest upfront cost. Wet spray cellulose ranks lower but a low upfront cost give it highest value per cost ratio in climate zone 3. Climate appears to be a significant factor in extreme climates.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fire Dynamics Tools (FDTs) Quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis Methods for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fire Protection Inspection Program
The Yucca Mountain Review Plan provides guidance for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to evaluate a U.S. Department of Energy license application for a geologic repository. It is not a regulation and does not impose regulatory requirements. The licensing criteria are contained in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 10, Part 63 (10 CFR Part 63), "Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in a Proposed Geologic Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada." The Secretary of Energy has recommended the Yucca Mountain site to the President for the development of a Yucca Mountain repository. The President has notified Congress that he considers the Yucca Mountain site qualified for application for a construction authorization for a repository. Nevada filed a notice of disapproval of the President's recommendation; however, Congress later approved the site recommendation. The U.S. Department of Energy may now submit a license application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The principal purpose of the Yucca Mountain Review Plan is to ensure the quality, uniformity, and consistency of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff reviews of the license application and any requested amendments. The Yucca Mountain Review Plan has separate sections for reviews of general information, repository safety before permanent closure, repository safety after permanent closure, the research and development program to resolve safety questions, the performance confirmation program, and administrative and programmatic requirements. Each section addresses determining compliance with specific regulatory requirements from 10 CFR Part 63. The regulations and the Yucca Mountain Review Plan are risk-informed, performance-based to the extent practical.Draft Revision 2 of the Yucca Mountain Review Plan was made available for public comment in March 2002. This Final Revision 2 reflects revisions to address those comments, as appropriate.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 4-860-03
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Wideband Signal Detection Using a Down-Converting Channelized Receiver
Ultra wideband (UWB) signals typically occupy a very large spectral bandwidth resulting from extremely short duration pulses. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals typically occupy a large spectral bandwidth resulting from spreading methods. Both signals can be difficult to detect without having prior knowledge of their structure and/or existence. This research develops and evaluates techniques for the non-cooperative (nonmatched filter) detection of such signals. Impulse-like UWB and DSSS signals are received in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and are assessed using a bandpass filtered, down-converting (BPF-D/C) channelized receiver architecture. Modeling and simulation is conducted to characterize BPF-D/C channelized receiver detection performance, which is compared with the performance of two other non-cooperative detection receivers: a previously-introduced down-converting (D/C) channelized receiver and a conventional radiometer. The BPF-D/C channelized receiver detection performance for both signals of interest is shown to depend on the initial phase of the down-conversion mixers. There are usually some combinations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and channel bandwidth where the BPF-D/C channelized receiver outperforms the radiometer and D/C channelized receiver for a UWB pulse. For a DSSS waveform, detection performance using the BPFD/ C channelized receiver is consistently poorer than radiometric detection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
