C-17 Airdrop Simulation
We develop an object-oriented simulation that models the airdrop mission of the newest U.S. transport aircraft, the C-17 Globemaster III. The simulation, written in MODSIM III, is based on three basic object types: a C-17, a wake vortex, and a paratrooper. The aircraft object provides the required aerodynamic constants for simulating the wake vortices generated off each wing tip; the vortex object includes velocity field and decay models as well as a position algorithm; and, the paratrooper object implements a 6-degree of freedom trajectory model. After considering two validation scenarios, we generate vortex encounter information for various formations and wind conditions, and quantify the associated risk of paratrooper/vortex encounters in a potential encounter rate. Time over the DZ is a primary concern in any airdrop operation, and the results of this analysis form a tool that allows the ground commander to assess the risk involved in decreasing that time. We also present a 3D visualization of the simulation output that may be used for mission planning and prototyping of new aircraft formations or tactics.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Critical Infrastructure Rebuild Prioritization Using Simulation Optimization
This thesis examines the importance of a critical infrastructure rebuild strategy following a terrorist attack or natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. Critical infrastructures are very complex and dependent systems in which their re-establishment is an essential part of the rebuilding process. A rebuild simulation model consisting of three layers (physical, information, and spatial) captures the dependency between the six critical infrastructures modeled. We employ a simulation optimization approach to evaluate rebuild prioritization combinations with a goal of minimizing the time needed to achieve an acceptable rebuild level. We use a simulated annealing heuristic as an optimization technique that works in concert with the rebuild simulation model. We test our approach with three disaster scenarios and find that the initial rebuild strategy greatly impacts the time to recover. With respect to the scenarios tested, we recommend a rebuild strategy and areas for further investigation that may be of use to disaster and emergency management organizations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Synthesis, Interdiction, and Protection of Layered Networks
This research developed the foundation, theory, and framework for a set of analysis techniques to assist decision makers in analyzing questions regarding the synthesis, interdiction, and protection of infrastructure networks. This includes extension of traditional network interdiction to directly model nodal interdiction; new techniques to identify potential targets in social networks based on extensions of shortest path network interdiction; extension of traditional network interdiction to include layered network formulations; and develops models/techniques to design robust layered networks while considering trade-offs with cost.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Controller Design for Accurate Antenna Pointing Onboard a Spacecraft
Controller design for a spacecraft mounted flexible antenna is considered. The antenna plant model has a certain degree of uncertainty. Additionally, disturbances from the host spacecraft are transmitted to the antenna and need to be attenuated. The design concept explored herein entails feedforward control to slew the antenna. Feedback control is then used to compensate for plant uncertainty and to reject the disturbance signals. A tight control loop is designed to meet performance specifications while minimizing the control gains. Simulations are conducted to show that the integration of feedforward control action and feedback compensation produces better responses than the implementation of either individual control system. Integration results in lower gains and still meets the performance specifications. Critical plant parameters are varied to simulate the uncertainty in the nominal plant. The control system is then exercised on several variations of the nominal plant. A worst case plant is produced as a combination of the variations to the nominal plant. Simulations show that when the controller is implemented on the worst case plant, specifications are exceeded. The controller gains are reduced and the simulations are repeated so that the specifications are met but not exceeded; thus, proving that a reduction of plant uncertainty allows the reduction of the control gains.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A 3D Display System for Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) Data
Lightning detection is an essential part of safety and resource protection at Cape Canaveral. In order to meet the unique needs of launching space vehicles in the thunderstorm prone Florida environment, Cape Canaveral has the only operational three-dimensional (3D) lightning detection network in the world, the Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) system. Although lightning activity is detected in three dimensions, the current LDAR display, developed 20 years ago, is two-dimensional. This thesis uses modern three-dimensional graphics, object-oriented software design, and innovative visualization techniques to develop a 3D visualization application for LDAR data. The individual data points in an LDAR data file are compiled into a tree-like hierarchy using Java data structures. This hierarchy groups the points into a series of nested 3D cubes of varying sizes. The resulting data structures are used to construct a Java 3D scene graph containing the lightning information, using a visualization technique called Nested Cubes. Nested Cubes divides the Cape Canaveral area into a series of non-overlapping cubes 10 km on a side. If any stepped leaders are detected within one of these areas, they become visible in the scene as a transparent, red 10 km cube. If the user zooms in close enough, a 10 km cube will disappear and be replaced first by 1 km cubes, then 100 m cubes, bounding the areas where lightning was detected inside the larger cube.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Pulsed Film Cooling on a Turbine Blade Leading Edge
Unsteadiness in gas turbine film cooling jets may arise due to inherent unsteadiness of the flow through an engine or may be induced as a means of flow control. The traditional technique used to evaluate the performance of a steady film cooling scheme is demonstrated to be insufficient for use with unsteady film cooling and is modified to account for the cross coupling of the time dependent adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient. The addition of a single term to the traditional steady form of the net heat flux reduction equation with time averaged quantities accounts for the unsteady effects. An experimental technique to account for the influence of the new term was devised and used to measure the influence of a pulsating jet on the net heat flux in the leading edge region of a turbine blade. High spatial resolution data was acquired in the near-hole region using infrared thermography coupled with experimental techniques that allowed application of the appropriate thermal boundary conditions immediately adjacent to the film cooling hole. The turbine blade leading edge was simulated by a half cylinder in cross flow with a blunt afterbody. The film cooling geometry consisted of a coolant hole located 21.5- from the leading edge, angled 20- to the surface and 90- from the streamwise direction. Investigated parameters include pulsation frequency, duty cycle, and waveform shape. Separate experiments were conducted in a water channel to provide visualization of the unsteady coolant propagation behavior. Further insight into the flow physics was obtained through computational simulations of the experimental apparatus. The computational results afforded time resolved flow field and net heat flux reduction data unobtainable with the experimental techniques. A technique to predict the performance of an unsteady film cooling scheme through knowledge of only the steady film cooling behavior was developed and demonstrated to be effective.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Design of Sheet Pile Cellular Structures Cofferdams and Retaining Structures
This manual provides guidance and assistance to design engineers in the development of different types of equipment used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The manual should be used when preparing electrical designs for civil works facilities built, owned, or operated by the Corps of Engineers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Gravity Gradiometry and Map Matching
Inertial navigation systems (INS) offer passive, all-weather, and undeniable navigation information, which military customers often view as especially appealing strengths. Unfortunately, Airmen and engineers still struggle with INS's drifting position errors, and navigation aids generally detract from INS's strengths. At this year's Air, Space, and Cyberspace in the 21st Century Conference, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force identified the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a widely-known and exploitable vulnerability, saying that it's critical the Joint force reduce GPS dependence. Recent advances provide an opportunity for gravity gradient instruments (GGI), which measure spatial derivatives of the gravity vector, to aid an INS and preserve its strengths. This thesis shows that a GGI and map matching enhanced (GAME) INS improves navigation accuracy, presents the conditions that make GAME feasible for aircraft, and identifies opportunities for improvement. The methodology includes computer models and algorithms, where a GGI and map matching aid an INS through a Kalman filter. Simulations cover different terrains, altitudes, velocities, flight durations, INS drifts, update rates, components of the gravity gradient tensor, GGI and map noise levels, map resolutions, and levels of interpolation. Although GAME with today's technology only appears worthwhile for long range and long endurance flights, the technologies expected in 10 years promise a broad spectrum of scenarios where GAME potentially provides great returns on investments and dominates the market for secure and covert navigation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Estimating Characteristics of a Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle Observed by Multiple Sensors
Post flight analysis of ballistic missile reentry vehicles is an area of focus for the U.S. Government, especially for those involved in ballistic missile defense. Typically, this analysis incorporates either a model-driven least squares filter or a data-following Kalman filter. The research performed here developed a filter that attempts to integrate the strengths of both filters. A least squares filter operates on observation data collected during exoatmospheric free flight and a Kalman filter is used to analyze data collected lower in the atmosphere, where potential maneuvers could be performed. Additionally, the filter was written to incorporate data from multiple sensors. Using this hybrid filter, different scenarios are investigated to determine the potential benefits of adding additional collectors, increasing the data rate of collecting sensors, and investigating the effects of different collector geometry on the accuracy of results. Results show that the filter successfully transitions from the least squares to Kalman filter, using the final values of the free flight propagation for the Kalman filter's initial state. Using this filter to investigate different collection scenarios, it was determined that the best results are achieved when multiple collectors are used, the data collection rate of the collectors is increased, and collectors are positioned perpendicular to the reentry vehicle heading.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Frequency Direction Finding Using Structurally Integrated Antennas on a Large Airborne Platform
Estimating the angle of arrival (AOA) of a high frequency (HF) signal, 2- 2 MHz, is challenging, especially if the antenna array is installed on a platform with dimensions on the order of one wavelength. Accurate AOA estimates are necessary for search and rescue operations and geolocating RF emitters of interest. This research examines the performance of a direction finding (DF) system using structurally ntegrated (SI) antennas installed on an airborne platform which allows the aircraft structure to become the receiving element. Two simulated DF systems are analyzed at 4 and 11 MHz. The relationship between the number of SI antennas used and the AOA accuracy is examined by simulating systems using 4, 8, and 16 antennas. Simulations are also performed using the SI array to synthesize the pattern of a 3-loop cube, or vector, antenna. The maximum likelihood algorithm is used to produce AOA estimates. An array of SI antennas, with a dedicated receiver channel for each antenna, produce more accurate AOA estimates at 11 MHz than at 4 MHz. The accuracy improves when more antennas are included, regardless of frequency. Synthesizing a pattern to perform AOA estimation is an unnecessary step resulting in a suboptimal array for HFDF purposes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Flying Reactors
For more than 50 years the United States has explored the possibility of space borne nuclear fission reactors. The advantages of reactors are light weight, high power, long life, and lower comparative costs. A nuclear reactor could simultaneously support large space vehicle electrical power requirements, and enable either electric or ionic propulsion. Nevertheless as technologically attractive as Space Nuclear Power (SNP) may be as a mission enabling technology, the use of SNP systems is currently politically challenging. Today, the United States has no active SNP systems, although there are missions that would benefit from SNP technology. This paper advocates a Values-Focused Decision Strategy for SNP within a transscientific context. If properly applied, the strategy should improve NASA's or the Department of Defense's chances of satisfying Congress of the political feasibility of an SNP program. The Values-Focused Decision Strategy outlines a democratically legitimate and scientifically rigorous mechanism to assist policy-makers in considering SNP as a trans-scientific policy option. If SNP is necessary for the U.S. to extend space based capabilities for science and security, then a political engagement strategy is required because nuclear SNP is a scientific problem that has entered the political realm of trans-science. Similar to other nuclear technologies, SNP has significant political risks that cannot be scientifically verified. Therefore, we believe that the most certain way to cultivate the unscientific public's trust is to improve both the underlying safety and robustness of nuclear and space technologies while engaging the public politically in an open and democratically transparent way.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Wideband Signal Detection Using a Down-Converting Channelized Receiver
Ultra wideband (UWB) signals typically occupy a very large spectral bandwidth resulting from extremely short duration pulses. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals typically occupy a large spectral bandwidth resulting from spreading methods. Both signals can be difficult to detect without having prior knowledge of their structure and/or existence. This research develops and evaluates techniques for the non-cooperative (nonmatched filter) detection of such signals. Impulse-like UWB and DSSS signals are received in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and are assessed using a bandpass filtered, down-converting (BPF-D/C) channelized receiver architecture. Modeling and simulation is conducted to characterize BPF-D/C channelized receiver detection performance, which is compared with the performance of two other non-cooperative detection receivers: a previously-introduced down-converting (D/C) channelized receiver and a conventional radiometer. The BPF-D/C channelized receiver detection performance for both signals of interest is shown to depend on the initial phase of the down-conversion mixers. There are usually some combinations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and channel bandwidth where the BPF-D/C channelized receiver outperforms the radiometer and D/C channelized receiver for a UWB pulse. For a DSSS waveform, detection performance using the BPFD/ C channelized receiver is consistently poorer than radiometric detection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Flash Vaporization System for Detonation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Pulse Detonation Engine
Current research by the US Air Force and Navy is concentrating on obtaining detonations in a pulse detonation engine (PDE) with low vapor pressure, kerosene based jet fuels. These fuels have a low vapor pressure and the performance of a liquid hydrocarbon fueled PDE is significantly hindered by the presence of fuel droplets. A high pressure, fuel flash vaporization system (FVS) has been designed and built to reduce and eliminate the time required to evaporate the fuel droplets. Four fuels are tested: n-heptane, isooctane, aviation gasoline, and JP-8. The fuels vary in volatility and octane number and present a clear picture on the benefits of flash vaporization. Results show the FVS quickly provided a detonable mixture for all of the fuels tested without coking or clogging the fuel lines. Combustion results validated the model used to predict the fuel and air temperatures required to achieve gaseous mixtures with each fuel. The most significant achievement of the research was the detonation of flash vaporized JP-8 and air. The results show that the flash vaporized JP-8 used 20 percent less fuel to ignite the fuel air mixture twice as fast (8 ms from 16 ms) when compared to the unheated JP-8 combustion data.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 3-220-05
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Construction Control for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams
This manual provides guidance and assistance to design engineers in the development of different types of equipment used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The manual should be used when preparing electrical designs for civil works facilities built, owned, or operated by the Corps of Engineers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Efficient and Effective Implementation of the Trust System for Power Grid Compartmentalization
The goal of this research is to show in a simulated environment that security of the network can be strengthen by first fielding the trust system and second, by dividing a network into smaller clusters, called "domains", in order to isolate anomalies or intrusions detected. In order to show this, a mathematical model of the problem will be built and translated into a software tool that at the end will receive real-life-network data as input. This program uses real world power grid representative data, outputs a network configuration that has used the concepts described above of network compartmentalization and strategic placing of trust nodes. As a result, this new network configuration ensures safe day-to-day operations by minimizing the effects in case of an attack or equipment malfunction of the system by subdividing the network into domains. Each domain protected by a trust node(s) without violating timing constraints.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Value Focused Thinking Model for the Development and Selection of Alternative Electrical Energy Source Alternatives for Military Installations
Electrical power on military installations is vital for mission accomplishment. Most installations obtain electrical power from a local commercial utility. Although commercial power service has a very low interruption rate, the threat of a sustained power outage resulting from a terrorist act or a natural disaster is of concern. The military should posture itself to prevent such power outages and prepare to mitigate the adverse affects associated with the loss of power. This thesis presents a Value Focused Thinking approach to the development of a decision analysis model to assist a decision maker at a military installation in the generation and selection of back-up energy alternatives. The model attempts to capture the value to be gained by implementing back-up power systems which utilize fossil fuel powered generators in combination with renewable energy resources and assist the decision maker in selecting an alternative which best suits the needs of the installation. The thesis also includes a case study involving the application of this model to the United States Marine Corps installation in Twentynine Palms, California.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles
The Princeton beam experiments of 1975 were performed in hopes of producing viable data for beam nonlinear elastic deformation models in hopes of improving helicopter main beam designs. The recorded data, specifically for homogeneous beams of 7075 aluminum, have been referenced as a baseline for the past thirty years to validate numerous computer models and theories in an effort to build beams capable of withstanding aeroelastic, static, and dynamic loading. The purpose of this study is to improve upon the data recorded in 1975 using newer technologies including a laser distance meter, digital inclinometer, and threedimensional traverse to test X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis and angular displacements for varying tip loads and pitch angles.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Composite Repair and the Effect of Overply Shape Variation on Structural Efficiency
This research characterizes, in the elastic range, a scarf joint with overply using digital image correlation photogrammetry and finite element modeling. Additionally, the effect of varying the overply's geometric profile is examined. Specimens are constructed from AS4/3501-6 prepreg with a [0/ 45/90]2S layup. A fixture is used to achieve a consistent scarfed hole in each panel. The patch and adhesive (FM 300) are co-cured to the panels using positive pressure, which minimizes repair porosity. Three variations in the overply geometry are used: circular, rooftop-end, and tooth-end. The full strain field in each uni-axially loaded specimen is captured using digital image correlation photogrammetry (ARAMIS). These results validate an ABAQUS 3-D finite element model of a scarf patch with circular overply. Good correlation is evident in the longitudinal strain; strain sensitivity limits correlation in the transverse and shear directions. The finite element model is used to identify peak out-of-plane stresses in the repair joint. Significant normal stresses occur at edge of the overply and at the inner scarf diameter. Finally, the experimentally-measured strains of the 3 overply variations are examined. Variation in strain magnitude is insignificant; the strain gradient at the overply edge, however, is significantly lower on the profile with the tooth-edge.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Comparison of Spectral Analysis Software Programs
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) has purchased two spectral analysis programs, RobWin and RSEMCA, to support arms control efforts. This thesis explored which program performed better for nuclear weapon identification and verification. The initial hypothesis was that both programs would perform similarly with only small differences in visual displays and operating functions. The thesis investigated three areas in order to evaluate the software's capabilities. The first area studied the benefits offered by different detectors, specifically the NaI and CZT detector. The second area analyzed the quantitative and qualitative capabilities of each program, and the third area reviewed the software's ability to detect weapon grade plutonium (WGPu). The results of the study show that RobWin performed better then RSEMCA. Only RobWin is capable of supporting DTRA's needs in treaty verification. RSEMCA is incapable of identifying WGPu due to a mathematical error associated with the peak count calculations. The detectors used in this thesis, the CZT and NaI, also failed to support DTRA's needs. Neither detector was capable of acquiring the necessary spectrum for identifying WGPu. Because of this thesis, recommendations were made for future work with CZT detectors, nuclear weapon detection, and software development.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Least-Squares, Continuous Sensitivity Analysis for Nonlinear Fluid-Structure Interaction
A least-squares, continuous sensitivity analysis method is developed for transient aeroelastic gust response problems to support computationally efficient analysis and optimization of aeroelastic design problems. A key distinction between the local and total derivative forms of the sensitivity system is introduced. The continuous sensitivity equations and sensitivity boundary conditions are derived in local derivative form which is shown to be superior for several applications. The analysis and sensitivity problems are both posed in a first-order form which is amenable to a solution using the least-squares finite element method. Several example and validation problems are presented and solved, including elasticity, fluid, and fluid-structure interaction problems. Significant contributions of the research include the first sensitivity analysis of nonlinear transient gust response, a local derivative formulation for shape variation that requires parameterizing only the boundary, and statement of sufficient conditions for using nonlinear "black box" software to solve the sensitivity equations. Promising paths for future investigation are presented and discussed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Comparative Analysis of Cockpit Display Development Tools
Currently, no standard methodology exists that enables cockpit display engineers to evaluate software tools used in the development of graphical cockpit displays. Furthermore, little research has been accomplished in comparing current software development tools with traditional hand-coded methods. This research effort discusses a framework for analyzing cockpit display software development tools and follows through with a detailed analysis comparing today's hand-coding standard, OpenGL, with two of today's cockpit display software development suites, Virtual Application Prototyping System (VAPS) and Display Editor. The comparison exploits the analysis framework establishing the advantages and disadvantages of the three software development suites. The analysis framework is comprised of several detailed questionnaires that enable the cockpit engineer to quantify important subjective criteria such as learning curve, user interface, readability, portability, extensibility, and maintenance. The questionnaires developed for each subjective criterion contain questions with weighted answers that enable the cockpit engineer to evaluate graphical software development tools. The questions were adapted from multiple sources including personal experience, display experts, pilots, navigators, case tool, and text sources. In addition, the comparative analysis evaluates several objective criteria with respect to development tools and the displays generated with them such as update rate, development time, executable size, and CPU/Memory usage level.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Development of a Finite Element Program to Model High Cycle Fatigue in Isotropic Plates
As part of a joint AFRL-DAGSI turbine blade research effort, a computer program has been developed that uses a von Karman large-deflection two-dimensional finite element approximation to determine stress levels and patterns in isotropic thin plates. The dynamic loading of various plates has been carried out in order to model a high cycle fatigue situation. The research considered the various effects of mode shapes, resident frequency, non-linear cyclic effect, endurance limits, and stress variations within a high cycle fatigue environment. Two main initiatives were taken. First, a transient analysis tool was developed that calculates stress and displacement patterns over a period of time. This analysis also included the effects of damping. The second initiative developed a tool to calculate the eigenvalues (natural frequencies) and eigenvectors of a plate with a given geometry. The results indicated that it is possible to model fatigue at high frequencies using FE analysis and compare these findings with experimentation incorporating a shaker table. In this research, different geometries of plates were investigated to represent turbine blade configurations. One square plate and three trapezoidal plates were investigated. It was found that a linear relationship could be found between the loading amplitude and the resulting maximum stress. This relationship allows for the prediction of the needed loading amplitude to cause high cycle fatigue. It was also determined that by altering the geometry of the plate, the needed loading frequency or loading amplitude to reach a stress level that would initiate cracks could be minimized.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Back-Pressure Effect on Shock-Train Location in a Scramjet Engine Isolator
The isolator of the scramjet decelerates the incoming high Mach flow to a lower Mach number and stabilizes the flow before it enters the combustor. Because of the unsteady combustion phenomenon and inconsistent completeness of the combustion, pressures within the combustor can vary drastically. These pressure variations can propagate forward and affect the flow field in the isolator - worst case unstarting the inlet. In this research, the shock train location VS. the back-pressure is examined experimentally. The back-pressure is artificially created by symmetric (top and bottom) ramps that can close the flow area. Raising/lowering ramps result in higher/lower back-pressure. Higher back-pressure moves the shock train forward, with too high a back-pressure causing un-start. This experiment is conducted for a variation in Reynolds number, ramp angle, and two incoming Mach #s, and will result in a relationship between back-pressure and shock train location for various airflow conditions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Performance of Imaging Laser Radar in Rain and Fog
The Air Force is currently developing imaging laser radar systems (ladar) for use on precision guided munitions and other imaging systems. Scientists at Eglin Air Force Base, in conjunction with Wright Laboratories, are testing a 1.06-?m wavelength ladar system and need to understand the weather effects on the ladar images. As the laser beam propagates through the atmosphere, fog droplets and raindrops can cause image degradation, and these image degradations are manifested as either dropouts or false returns. An analysis of the dropouts and false returns helped to quantify the performance of the system in adverse weather conditions. Statistical analysis of the images showed non-linear relationships existed between variables, plus graphical analysis demonstrated the behavior of the dropouts and false returns with changing weather conditions. Statistical control charts identified the weather as a significant influence on the quality of the ladar images. By focusing on the false return data, a study of mean free path and the survival equation was accomplished. The mean free path was derived from the rainfall rate, and this mean free path was used in the survival equation to calculate an expected number of false returns for an image. This work led to the hypothesis that raindrops with a diameter of 3.0 mm and larger were causing the false returns seen in the images. However, further analysis revealed that a 3.0-mm raindrop was not capable of scattering enough energy to be detected by the system. It was then hypothesized that the system detector was also picking up solar spectrum energy scattered by raindrops, and that this detector was unable to distinguish between solar energy and laser energy scattered by raindrops.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Creating a Network Model for the Integration of a Dynamic and Static Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Test Environment
Since 9/11 protecting our critical infrastructure has become a national priority. Presidential Decision Directive 63 mandates and lays a foundation for ensuring all aspects of our nation's critical infrastructure remain secure. Key in this debate is the fact that much of our electrical power grid fails to meet the spirit of this requirement. My research leverages the power afforded by Electric Power and Communication Synchronizing Simulator (EPOCHS) developed with the assistance of Dr. Hopkinson, et al. The power environment is modeled in an electrical simulation environment called PowerWorld . The network is modeled in OPNET and populated with self-similar network and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). The two are merged into one working tool that can realistically model and provide a dynamic network environment coupled with a robust communication methodology. This new suite of tools will enhance the way we model and test hybrid SCADA networks. By combining the best of both worlds we get an effective and robust methodology that correctly predicts the impact of SCADA traffic on a LAN and vice versa. This ability to properly assess data flows will allow professionals in the power industry to develop tools that effectively model future concepts for our critical infrastructure.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Concept Design of a Split Flow Liquid Hydrogen Turbopump
An initial design of a split flow liquid hydrogen turbopump for the Dual Expander Aerospike Nozzle (DEAN) upper stage engine was completed. The engine nozzle is an annular aerospike. The engine cycle requires a combustion chamber pressure of 1,740 psia. The DEAN is designed to deliver 57,200 lbf of thrust and 472 seconds of Isp. The turbopump design was completed using a meanline software tool. The design consists of a single piece rotor, with a two-stage pump and radial inflow turbine. The turbopump flow rates are 15.1 and 7.55 lbm/s into the first and second stage, respectively. The first and second stage pumps use unshrouded impellers. An interstage transfer models the fluid split flow. The fluid for each stage exits through a volute. The first and second stage impeller hub-tip ratios are 0.3 and 0.35, respectively. The turbine is a full admission reaction type. At the design condition, the turbine delivers 3,607 horsepower at a total pressure ratio of 1.84.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Minimizing Losses in a Space Laser Power Beaming System
A mathematical model is developed to track the amount of power delivered in a wireless laser power beaming system. In a wireless system the power proceeds through several different stages before being delivered to a payload for use. Each of these stages results in power losses that are thoroughly examined, allowing for the calculation of the likely amount of power delivered. Adjusting variable factors within the model allows for the optimization of the system for a specific task. The model shows that an optimized wireless power transfer system can deliver enough power to meet the space experiment objectives. For example to power a Hall-Effect Thruster a laser, photovoltaic cells, satellite power distribution model, and batteries all impact the amount of power delivered. Careful selection of all of these components will allow the laser to power the thruster and the model provides how much power is transferred. Knowledge of the power requirements for the payload further allows the model to determine how long it will be able to operate the payload with the power provided. This model will allow system engineers to answer important design questions about the selection of components to ensure that the end product delivers maximum power.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Non-GPS Navigation Using Vision-Aiding and Active Radio Range Measurements
The military depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for a wide array of advanced weaponry guidance and precision navigation systems. Lack of GPS access makes precision navigation very difficult. Inclusion of inertial sensors in existing navigation systems provides short-term precision navigation, but drifts significantly over long-term navigation. This thesis is motivated by the need for inertial sensor drift-constraint in degraded and denied GPS environments. The navigation system developed consists of inertial sensors, a simulated barometer, three Raytheon DH500 radios, and a stereo-camera image-aiding system. The Raytheon DH500 is a combat comm radio which also provides range measurements between radios. The measurements from each sensor are fused together with an extended Kalman filter to estimate the navigation trajectory. Residual monitoring and the Sage-Husa adaptive algorithm are individually tested in the Kalman filter range update algorithm to help improve the radio range positioning performance. The navigation system is shown to provide long-term inertial sensor drift-constraint with position errors as low as 3 meters.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Application of Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transforms to Burst Detection and RF Fingerprint Classification
This work addresses various Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Physical (PHY) layer mechanisms to extract and exploit RF waveform features ("fingerprints") that are inherently unique to specific devices and that may be used to provide hardware specific identification(manufacturer, model, and/or serial number). This is addressed by applying a Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) to improve burst detection and RF fingerprint classification. A "Denoised VT" technique is introduced to improve performance at lower SNRs, with denoising implemented using a DT-CWT decomposition prior to Traditional VT processing. A newly developed Wavelet Domain (WD) fingerprinting technique is presented using statistical WD fingerprints with Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) classification.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Experimental Investigation of a Lift Augmented Ground Effect Platform
This experimental study investigated the feasibility of applying the concept of a skirtless hovercraft into the production of an operational vehicle. A 0.255 m diameter prototype was designed, built and tested. An air bearing table was used as a testing platform, virtually eliminating the influence of friction and providing one degree of freedom for the experiments. Static tests were performed at various heights and craft configurations, providing a wide range of data for comparison. Lift, torque and efficiency were measured and calculated for each setting. Pressure and velocity information was also collected at specific points around the craft when operating at different heights above ground. The results indicate a significant increase in total lift and efficiency when operating the model at close to the ground heights, in ground effect, compared to the lift produced by the propeller and motor alone. Even more significant changes were found when comparing the in ground effect results with the out of ground effect values of lift and efficiency. The study also investigated the use of Coanda nozzles on the peripheral region of the craft, and found them to be less efficient than straight nozzles with similar size and flow rates. Comparisons between the experimental results and previous computational fluid dynamic analysis are also made and presented in this study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 3-310-04
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Approach to Large Scale Radar-Based Modeling and Simulation
This research presents a method of aggregating, or reducing the resolution, of a commonly available DoD simulation. It addresses the differences between varying levels of resolution and scope used in the Department of Defense's hierarchy of models pyramid. A data representation that aggregates engagement-level simulation data to use at a lower resolution level, the mission-level, is presented and analyzed. Two formats of implementing this data representation are developed and compared: the rigid cylinder format and the expanding tables format. The rigid cylinder format provides an intuitive way to visualize the data representation and is used to develop the theory. The expanding tables format expands upon the capabilities of the rigid cylinder format and reduces the simulation time. Tests are run to show the effects of each format for various combinations of engagement-level simulation inputs. A final set of tests highlight the loss in accuracy incurred from reducing the number of samples used by the mission-level simulation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Design and Analysis of On-Orbit Servicing Architectures for the Global Positioning System Constellation
Satellites are the only major Air Force systems with no maintenance, routine repair, or upgrade capability. The result is expensive satellites and a heavy reliance on access to space. At the same time, satellite design is maturing and reducing the cost to produce satellites with longer design lives. This works against the ability to keep the technology on satellites current without frequent replacement of those satellites. The Global Positioning System Joint Program Office realizes that it must change its mode of operations to quickly meet new requirements while minimizing cost. The possibility of using robotic servicing architectures to solve these problems is considered in this thesis. The authors accomplished this through a systems engineering and decision analysis approach in which a number of different alternatives for on-orbit satellite repair and upgrade were analyzed. This approach involved defining the problem framework and desired user benefits, then developing different system architectures and determining their performance with regard to the specified benefits. Finally, the authors used decision analysis to evaluate the alternative architectures in the context of the user's goals. The results indicate favorable benefit-to-cost relationships for on-orbit servicing architectures as compared to the current mode of operation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Material Perturbations to Enhance Performance of the Thiele Half-Width Leaky Mode Antenna
Microstrip traveling-wave antennas, often referred to as leaky-wave antennas, have been shown to radiate when the dominant or fundamental mode is suppressed and the first higher-order mode is excited. One such microstrip variation is the Thiele Half-Width (THW) antenna, which operates from 5.9 - 8.2 GHz for this research. Increasing the bandwidth over which the THW antenna radiates is desired, as is a fundamental understanding of the propagation characteristics over this region. This dissertation seeks to vary or perturb the material and physical properties of the THW antenna, including strip-width variations and modifications of the substrate layer, to achieve these results.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Comparison of Computational Electromagnetic Codes for Prediction of Low-Frequency Radar Cross Section
Radar cross section (RCS) prediction of full-scale aircraft is of interest to military planners for a variety of applications. Several computational electromagnetic codes for RCS prediction are available with differing features and capabilities. The goal of this research is to compare the capabilities of three computational electromagnetic codes for use in production of RCS signature assessments at low frequencies in terms of performance, accuracy, and features: Fast Illinois Solver Code (FISC), Code for Analysis of Radiators on Lossy Surfaces (CARLOS-3D), and Science Applications International Corporation Full-wave solver (SAF). The comparison is accomplished through analysis of predicted and measured RCS of several canonical and simple objects and a complex target comprised of these constituent objects. In addition to RCS accuracy, memory requirements and computation time are key considerations for this code comparison. Verification of code performance in memory and processing time based on varying levels of unknowns is performed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Development of a Wireless Model Incorporating Largescale Fading in a Rural, Urban and Suburban Environment
The goal of this research is to develop a more realistic estimate of received signal strength level as calculated by OPNET. The goal is accomplished by replacing the existing free-space pathloss model used by OPNET with the Hata and COST-231 pathloss models. The calculated received signal strength using the new models behaves similarly to the measured values, with a 0.245 dB difference for 880 MHz and a 1.365 dB difference for 1922 MHz between the pathloss slopes. There is an 11.3 dBm difference between the initial starting signal strength from the calculated values and the measured values. An important aspect of a wireless communication system is the planning process. The planning phase of a wireless communication system will determine the number of necessary transmitting antennas, the frequency to be used for communications, and ultimately the cost of the entire project. Because of the possible expense of these factors it is important that the planning stage of any wireless communications project produce an accurate calculation of the coverage area.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Simulation and Application of GPOPS for a Trajectory Optimization and Mission Planning Tool
Rapid trajectory generation is crucial to prompt global warfare. To meet the USAF's objective of Persistent and Responsive Precision Engagement, a rapid mission planning tool is required. This research creates the framework for the mission planning tool and provides a sample optimal trajectory which is solved using the GPOPS software package. GPOPS employs a Gaussian psuedospectral method to solve the non-linear equations of motion with both end conditions and path constraints. By simultaneously solving the entire trajectory based on an initial guess and small number of nodes, this method is ideal for generating rapid solutions. The sample case is a multi-phase minimum time optimal control problem which is used to validate the planning tool. The developed framework includes different atmospheric models, gravity models, inclusion of no-flyzones and waypoints and the ability to create a library of sample cases. This versatile tool can be used for either trajectory generation or mission analysis. The results of this research show the complexities in solving an optimal control problem with states that change from one phase of the solution to another. The final resulting trajectory is calculated from a sectioned method, allowing changes in states to be done outside of the optimal control problem. This method should be the foundation for a state varying complete optimal control problem and the mission planning tool.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Processes and Design for Manufacturing
Processes and Design for Manufacturing, Fourth Edition, offers a comprehensive and detailed examination of modern manufacturing processes while also delving into the concept of design for manufacturing (DFM) and its application across diverse manufacturing techniques. It examines manufacturing processes from the viewpoint of the product designer, investigating the selection of manufacturing methods in the early phases of design and how this affects the constructional features of a product. The stages from design process to product development are examined, integrating an evaluation of cost factors.The text emphasizes both a general design orientation and a systems approach and covers topics such as additive manufacturing, concurrent engineering, polymeric and composite materials, cost estimation, design for assembly, and environmental factors. This edition has new and updated chapters, including a detailed chapter focusing on the prominent topic of microchip manufacturing.This book is essential reading for senior undergraduate students studying manufacturing processes, product design, design for manufacture, and computer-aided manufacturing.
Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering - 2024
This book covers areas such as information technology in engine design and production; information technology in the creation of rocket and space systems; aerospace engineering; transport systems and logistics; big data and data science; nanomodeling; artificial intelligence and intelligent systems; networks and communications; cyber-physical systems and IoE; as well as software engineering and IT infrastructure. The materials were tested during the International Scientific and Technical Conference "Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering"--Synergetic Engineering (ICTM) was established by the National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute". The ICTM'2024 conference was held in Kharkiv, Ukraine, in December 2024. During this conference, technical exchange between the scientific community was carried out in the form of keynote speeches, panel discussions and a special session. More than 140 papers from different countries were received at ICTM'2024. The book offers us a lot of valuable information and is very useful for the exchange of experience between scientists in the field of modeling and simulation.ICTM was created to bring together outstanding researchers and practitioners in the field of information technology in the design and manufacture of engines; the creation of rocket and space systems, aerospace engineering from all over the world to exchange experiences and expertise.
Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management: Navigation from Fundamentals to Innovation is a compendium that unravels the complexities of waste management. It traverses the historical backdrop of waste management practices and ushers in a realm where sustainability and cutting-edge technologies converge to tackle the escalating challenges of waste disposal and treatment. This book serves a diverse readership, i.e. students, researchers, educators, and practitioners. It has an interdisciplinary approach and provides a holistic view of the field, blending theory with actionable strategies, and infusing the narrative with innovative solutions.With a focus on sustainability, it underscores the integration of emerging technologies, such as AI and IoT, in optimizing waste management systems. It equips readers with the knowledge to navigate the intricacies of the industry and fosters the adoption of efficient, sustainable waste practices. As we stand on the brink of environmental exigencies, this book calls for action in a more responsible and forward-thinking manner to managing the byproducts of our civilization.
Fireplaces and Chimneys
Ignite your passion for home comfort with "Fireplaces and Chimneys," a timeless treasure now reborn by Alpha Editions. This meticulously restored edition, once out of print for decades, offers a wealth of knowledge on fireplace design ideas and chimney maintenance that will captivate both casual readers and classic literature collectors alike. Delve into the heart of home heating solutions as you explore essential chimney safety tips and energy-efficient heating methods. Whether you're a DIY enthusiast eager to embark on fireplace installation or a homeowner seeking seasonal fireplace care advice, this book serves as your ultimate guide. With practical insights on wood-burning stoves and fireplace accessories, you ll create a warm, inviting space that enhances your indoor air quality. More than just a reprint, this collector's item is a cultural artifact that honors the art of home heating while making it accessible to today s generation. Let the pages of "Fireplaces and Chimneys" inspire you to transform your living space into a cozy sanctuary, blending tradition with modern comfort. Rediscover the magic of a well-crafted fireplace and the stories it can tell, ensuring that this essential aspect of home life is cherished for generations to come.
Propulsion and Energy Systems
There remains a need to improve the safe operational envelope of propulsion systems while reducing environmental impacts. This has driven a demand to understand the fundamental physics of fluid flows, heat transfer, and combustion mechanisms and to promote clean and efficient propulsion and energy systems. To provide a sustainable and flexible energy future, alternative energy conversion, energy storage, and propulsion technologies are also required. The book focuses on the development and improvement of methods and techniques for analysing and diagnosing the efficiency, operation, and maintenance of propulsion and energy systems, including fundamental research aspects of aeronautics/astronautics propulsion, power engineering, and practical applications.
Chemical Reaction Engineering
This book mainly deals with the design of flow reactors for homogeneous reactions. ChE CRE is built upon lecture notes of "Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE)" that the author has taught at the undergraduate (UG) level. Few chapters are added toward the latter part of the book, dealing with the basics of heterogeneous chemical reaction engineering. ChE CRE is recommended for teaching the upper undergraduate program when the students have been exposed to stoichiometry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, unit operation, and a few numerical techniques. ChE CRE comes with the audio lectures synchronized with the book chapters and is freely downloadable from the web-link prescribed in the book.
Aerodynamics for Engineers
Revised and expanded to reflect cutting-edge innovation in aerodynamics, and packed with new features to support learning, the seventh edition of this classic textbook introduces the fundamentals of aerodynamics using clear explanations and real-world examples. Structured around clear learning objectives, this is the ideal textbook for undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and for graduate students and professional engineers seeking a readable and accessible reference. Over 10 new Aerodynamics Computation boxes that bring students up to speed on modern computational approaches for performing aerodynamic analysis, including various Matlab(R) programs, OpenVSP, XFOIL, CBAero, Kestrel, and other analysis tools. New end-of-chapter team projects show students how to work together to solve larger, more important aerodynamic problems, in many cases using the computational approaches listed above. New and expanded coverage of propellers, UAVs, transonic wings, wingtip devices, drones, hypersonic aircraft, and aircraft design. New pedagogical features including Look Ahead navigation, expanded use of SI units in new homework problems, and many new Aerodynamics Concepts boxes featuring advanced experimental aircraft concepts. Additional references in each chapter that bring current advancements in aerodynamics into each part of the book.
Reliability Assessment of Phased Mission Through BDD & TDD Algorithms
Conventional techniques e.g. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Modes & effect Analysis (FMEA) are in use for working out the realibility of the system. However, these techniques have limitations for complex systems and requires number of assumptions which are based on individual experience and time consuming. Morever, these techniques can not be used for Phased Mission System (PMS). Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) and Ternary Decision Diagram (TDD) are advance techniques which are suitable for any system including Phased Mission System. This book focuses on the development methodology for algorithm and computer programme based on BDD & TDD techniques for working out the reliability of any complex system. The book provides a detailed stock on methodology of working out the reliability of Hydraulic System as a case study using FTA, FMEA, BDD & TDD techniques. The results are compared & explained. It also explains on the new methodology for working out the reliability of system after considering the "Derating" of component with example.
Tailoring nanosized polymeric materials for some drug delivery
This study focuses on the synthesis of poly methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with the aim of producing biocompatible copolymeric nanoparticles within the nanoscale range (under 50 nm) through the differential microemulsion polymerization method. Microemulsion polymerization is a process that facilitates the solubilization of bioactive compounds and is noted for its spontaneous formation, simplicity in production, compatibility with various additives, stability across a broad temperature spectrum, and low viscosity. Furthermore, the differential approach allows for the utilization of minimal emulsifier quantities while enhancing the solid content. A range of emulsifiers, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and biocompatible options like sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), were employed to investigate the microemulsion polymerization process.
Human-Robot Interaction Safety Algorithm
As collaborative robots (cobots) increasingly enter our daily lives, ensuring safe and effective interaction between humans and robots has become a pressing challenge-especially in the dynamic, unstructured environment of the home. This book explores a novel safety algorithm for human-robot interaction (HRI), focusing on minimizing the risk of injury during close-contact tasks. Using the open-source Gazebo simulator and a 7-degree-of-freedom Kinova Gen3 robotic arm, the study demonstrates how velocity and trajectory control can prevent collisions and adapt to obstacles in real time. The proposed approach is validated against international safety standards (ISO/TS 15066:2016), highlighting its potential for real-world application. Unlike traditional research that centers on industrial contexts, this work pioneers safety strategies tailored specifically for domestic HRI. Ideal for robotics researchers, engineers, and safety designers, this book bridges the gap between simulation and reality, offering actionable insights into building safer home-based robotic systems.
