Development of Light Alloys and Their Applications
This Reprint focuses on light alloys. Magnesium, aluminium, and titanium are often classified as light alloys because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and/or high stiffness-to-weight ratio. These light alloys have significant commercial importance. The most commonly used of the light alloys are aluminium alloys, not only in automotive and aerospace applications but also for cans and foils. Today, titanium alloys and magnesium alloys are becoming more widely used. Titanium alloys are mostly used in the aerospace industry due to their low density and high strength, especially at high temperatures. Other applications of titanium alloys include marine and petrochemical applications due to their excellent corrosion resistance. Magnesium alloys, however, are used when further savings in weight are required, for example, in components for aircraft, material-handling equipment, and portable power tools. Although light alloys have been successfully applied in various fields, there are still some shortcomings to overcome. Research on light alloys is still in progress.
4D Printing in Healthcare
4D Printing is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling adaptive, patient-specific medical devices and advanced treatment options. 4D Printing in Healthcare provides a comprehensive exploration of 4D printing in healthcare, detailing how this innovative technology enhances the diagnosis and treatment of various health issues. It covers the principles and algorithms behind 4D-based printing, highlighting its transformative impact on healthcare. By adding the dimension of time to traditional 3D printing, 4D printing enables the creation of dynamic, self-transforming medical devices and structures. The book discusses the customization of medical implants, prosthetics, and drug delivery systems, emphasizing how personalization can greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Each chapter explores the potential of 4D printing in different healthcare sectors, such as orthopedics, dentistry, tissue engineering, and more. Additionally, it underscores the potential cost savings in healthcare by using smart materials that adapt to environmental conditions or patient needs, reducing the need for frequent replacements and minimizing waste. The book offers a multidisciplinary perspective, bringing together insights from engineering, biomedical science, materials science, and medicine to showcase the innovations and possibilities of 4D printing in healthcare.
The manufacture of mineral and lake pigments
Imagine the alchemy of colour-where minerals, metals, and even soot are transformed by human hands into vivid pigments that shaped the masterpieces of the nineteenth century. In an era when artists and craftsmen sought both beauty and permanence, the secrets of mineral pigment production and lake pigment synthesis were fiercely guarded, their formulas passed only among the most trusted. Now, after decades lost to obscurity, this remarkable volume returns, republished by Alpha Editions and meticulously restored for today's and future generations. Within these pages lies a rare window into the world of artificial colour manufacturing, capturing the ingenuity and precision of Victorian-era colour chemistry. The author's exhaustive directions for enamel colour creation, soot pigment preparation, and metallic pigment fabrication are not merely technical recipes-they are a testament to the artistry and scientific curiosity that defined a pivotal moment in creative history. From the bustling workshops of industrial Europe to the private ateliers of dedicated painters, these methods enabled artists to expand their palettes and leave their mark on the visual culture of their age. This edition is not just a reprint - it's a collector's item and a cultural treasure, offering both casual readers and classic-collection buyers a tangible link to the origins of artists' colour guides and painters' colour manuals. Its literary and historical significance is underscored by its detailed exploration of 19th-century pigment technology, reflecting the spirit of innovation that continues to inspire artists and chemists alike. Whether your fascination lies in the arcane processes behind lake pigment synthesis or the broader sweep of Project Gutenberg's preservation efforts, this restored work stands as an enduring tribute to the legacy of colour and creativity.
Recent Advances in Smart Materials for Sensor and Actuator Applications
This Reprint presents a curated collection of research articles focused on recent advances in smart materials for sensor and actuator applications. Smart materials are advanced materials that intelligently respond to various external physical or chemical stimuli (such as magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, stress, pH, etc.) by altering their own mechanical, electrical, or optical properties in a predictable manner. Thanks to these unique characteristics, smart materials have become one of the most dynamic research topics in engineering and science over the past few decades.The application of smart materials, especially in the fields of sensors and actuators, is enabling innovations that surpass the limitations of conventional technologies. Materials such as piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys (SMAs), magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological (ER) fluids/elastomers, and electroactive polymers (EAPs) are being utilized as key components in diverse systems for high-sensitivity sensing, precise motion control, vibration damping, and energy harvesting.This Reprint aimed to highlight the latest research achievements and innovative technological advancements in the field of smart materials for sensor and actuator applications.
Solidification and Casting of Metals and Alloys
Recent advances and developments in solidification have enabled the casting production of superalloys, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and copper alloys with unique microstructures. And, recent developments in processing technology have also improved the productivity and reliability of some metal castings. These developments have all stemmed from a steadily improving understanding of the science of solidification metallurgy, as well as an appreciation of the microstructural control using advanced solidification processing. In addition, numerous works have investigated both experimental and analytical/computer modeling aimed at disclosing the fundamental aspects of metallurgical processes, phase formation, and growth within liquid melts, and the software developed was used to clarify the solidification process.Accordingly, this Special Issue entitled "Solidification and Casting of Metals and Alloys" seeks to provide an overview of the latest developments in the various aspects of solidification metallurgy. Specifically, we aim to cover (a) metallurgical control of the composition and microstructure of metals or castings; (b) micro- and macrosegregation mechanisms, as well as the microstructural evolution of solidification microstructures; (c) multi-scale experiments and simulations for solidification using different calculated methods; (d) fundamental aspects such as nucleation, grain growth, and the development of the mushy zone; and (e) thermal and compositional effects on the development/avoidance of casting defects, etc.
Process Systems Engineering for Environmental Protection
Process systems engineering (PSE) integrates chemical engineering, systems engineering, intelligent engineering, control engineering, information technology, computer technology, management science, and other disciplines of theory and technology for system optimization and sustainability. With the development of artificial intelligence, 5G technology, big data, blockchain, and robots, PSE aims to save energy, protect the environment, achieve safety control, optimize operation, and strengthen the procedures of complex process production systems. From the system perspective, PSE is used for the development of multi-scale processing methods and data integration technology platforms for industrial process data, integrated modeling and system simulation technology platforms for logistics and energy flow, as well as technology platforms for state inspection and safety analysis for process integration and process-strengthening solutions.This Special Issue focuses on the latest novel developments in process systems engineering, with regard to environmental protection and sustainable development. It focuses on advances in process design, product design, and process dynamics and control toward sustainability. Research endeavors contributing to this quest have already expanded the boundary of PSE to consider the economic, environmental, and societal aspects of processes, products, and their life cycles.
Ultra-Precision Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials
This Reprint highlights recent research advancements in four key aspects within the machining field of difficult-to-machine materials, namely, material removal mechanisms, abrasive machining technology, composite energy field machining technologies, and the development of high-performance cutting tools. A comprehensive overview of advanced machining technologies for difficult-to-machine materials is presented in the Reprint, such as polishing, diamond wire saw cutting, ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining, laser-assisted machining, and vibration-assisted electrode electrochemical drilling. These advanced theories and technologies offer significant novel insights into efficient and low-damage machining of difficult-to-machine materials.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Structural Materials
Metallic materials have long been integral to structural applications, spanning from advanced aerospace and automotive industries to common household items. The performance of these materials is inherently linked to their microstructure, which governs their mechanical properties. Understanding the microstructure-property relationship is therefore essential for optimizing the performance and reliability of structural components across diverse applications. This Special Issue features cutting-edge research articles, including full-length papers, and comprehensive reviews, that focus on the microstructural characterization, mechanical property evaluation, and deformation behavior of commercial and advanced structural materials. We aim to provide a platform for novel insights and innovative approaches in the following areas: Microstructure evolution during processing and its influence on mechanical properties;Multiscale characterization and simulations to understand mechanical behavior;The relationship between alloy composition, heat treatment, and resultant properties;Deformation mechanisms and failure analysis in metals and alloys;Applications of metallic materials in advanced structural designs.
Advances in Numerical Computation and Mathematical Modelling for Geotechnical Engineering
The field of geotechnical engineering is experiencing a transformative period driven by the increasing complexity of in situ projects and the need for operations in challenging geological environments. As engineering activities extend into deeper strata and more complex geological conditions, practitioners face unprecedented challenges, including groundwater seepage control, dynamic rock mass failure analysis, geothermal effects on rock stability, and microseismic monitoring. These multifaceted problems demand sophisticated numerical computation, mathematical modeling, and engineering monitoring methodologies that can provide reliable solutions for analysis, evaluation, and design processes. The collection focuses on the development and application of cutting-edge numerical computation and modeling methods for geotechnical monitoring, analysis, and theoretical prediction. By assembling high-quality original research papers, comprehensive case studies, and innovative methodological contributions, this issue aims to bridge the gap between fundamental mathematical theories and practical computer-based applications in geotechnical engineering.
Materials Chemistry
Materials Chemistry, a broad dscipline including hard and lightweight materials, bio-materials and superconductors, as well as the more traditional materials such as ceramics, polymers, and glasses focusing on the structure-property paradigm. Each class of materials highlights recycling techniques, and green methods of production. This book includes subjects on: defect structure, crystal structure, semi-crystalline materials, semi-conductors, superconductors, polymers, metals and alloys, bio-materials, ceramics, glass, lightweight materials and hard materials. An emphasis is placed on emerging subjects and discoveries throughout the field, as well as the possibilities of recycling of materials. The author examines all the relevant and newly emerging sub-disciplines within materials chemistry, without minimizing the already well-established subjects within the field. Materials Chemistry provides a broad survey of this field for those being first exposed to materials chemistry. It is useful to advanced students, as well as to professionals in the field.
Mucilage and Gums
The growing global emphasis on sustainability and the environmental challenges posed by synthetic polymers, such as plastics, has created an urgent need for eco-friendly alternatives. Natural polymers, particularly mucilage and gums, represent a promising solution due to their biodegradability, renewable nature, and wide availability. The book Natural Polymers serves as a comprehensive, cutting-edge resource for understanding the full potential of mucilage and gums as natural polymers. By exploring the extraction, characterization, modification, and application of these biopolymers, this book provides valuable insights that span across academic research, industrial innovation, and sustainable development.
Prosperity from a Pittance - The New Sustainable Future
In a world overwhelmed by climate change debates and economic uncertainty, one thing remains clear: lasting solutions begin at home. Dr Pat Howden - ecologist, medical researcher, and pioneer of sustainable living - offers a lifetime of insight into how individuals can take charge of their environmental footprint through practical, low-cost, renewable home systems. Drawing on decades of experience since 1946, including his role as ECOnsultant to Sydney University's 1974 Autonomous House project, Dr Pat Howden introduces S.H.E. - Sustainable Home Engineering - and his concept of Frugaluxury: a simple, solar-powered lifestyle that's conservatively run on renewable resources. His approach helps everyday people sidestep the stress of overwork, rising costs, suburban sprawl, and planned obsolescence - while reconnecting with family, community, and purpose. This book is a hands-on guide to building a resilient future, featuring projects and principles that schools, homesteaders, and makers of all ages will find both indispensable and fun. With the rise of resource shortages and global disruptions, Dr Pat Howden's sustainable systems offer not just hope - but real economic opportunity for cottage industries, villages, garages, and corporations alike. From the Men's SHED Project to his second Sustainable Future Museum and Apt Library, Dr Pat Howden continues to inspire a new generation of ecological thinkers. Here, he shares the blueprint. "Optimum low cost family is when one partner works, the other helps family become highly self-sufficient. Swap jobs every 6 months or less! Please circulate this text that the world can't afford to be without - other folk may need tomorrow! Disaster Survival is highly correlated with home multi-tasked self-sufficiency level!" SUNcerely & Sustainably - Dinah & Dr Pat Howden.
Liquid Crystals
This book presents a detailed study on the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel achiral bent-core liquid crystals based on a four-ring benzene framework. It explores how structural modifications such as polar and non-polar substituents affect mesophase behavior, chirality and photophysical properties. Combining synthetic strategies with experimental techniques like DSC, POM, and X-ray diffraction, the book offers valuable insights into structure-property relationships in bent-core mesogens, making it a useful resource for researchers and students in materials science and liquid crystal research.
The Importance of Quality Assurance Systems in the Fire and Rescue Service
Fire services around the world share one common objective, to protect life and property. Although they have a variation of functions covered under their mission statements, the protection of life and property is a universal objective irrespective of nationality.However, the way this crucial objective is addressed from country to country, and even between fire services within the same country, varies significantly.As such, there is little homogeneity in how fire services operate. Despite empirical evidence and a wealth of experience documented in books, manuals and training guides, establishing a broadly defined methodology towards effective emergency management and response, the status quo globally precludes the creation of an international benchmark for fire and rescue services.This book attempts to establish a global benchmark to which fire services and their performance can be measured. It is acknowledged that due to intrinsic differences between fire services, such as funding capacity and risk needs, would deem the adoption of a uniquely homogenous standard, even in Europe, unfeasible. Therefore, it is a set of best practice principles that are being suggested that will invariably assist in improving fire service performance.
Application and Management of Smart Energy for Smart Cities
The rapid growth of the global population and its increasing concentration in cities is reshaping the energy landscape. By 2050, nearly 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas, turning cities into massive hubs of energy consumption. At the same time, the urgent need to reduce fossil fuel dependence calls for a stronger integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, large cities face limited space for local RES production, shifting the focus to suburban and peri-urban areas where photovoltaic, wind, and distributed generation can flourish. Ensuring a reliable and sustainable urban energy supply therefore requires innovative approaches to store, share, and optimally use energy produced beyond city centers. This Special Issue presents a collection of outstanding studies that explore smart solutions enabling efficient energy flows between urban demand and suburban RESs. The contributions address a wide spectrum of topics, including renewable energy communities, energy aggregation, storage technologies, demand response and management, and innovative electricity market mechanisms. Together, these works advance our understanding of how emerging green energy technologies can improve system adequacy, security, and resilience.
Mudpies and Silicon
This is a book of basic crystalline atomic structures plus a few scientific building blocks - light, dimensions, graph paper, axes, scientific notation, distance, electrons, photons, atoms, protons, neutrons, wavelength, and frequency. It is for children from very young to any age. The purpose is dual. First, to map the territory of basic crystal structures. Second is to give a SMALL taste of those aspects of science that are some building blocks for good citizenship and to think in the age of quantum mechanics, not the 1800s of Newtonian physics. It is a start. Today we use computers not slide rules and technology is understandable. It is for WORK and PLAY. Color, build, draw in the sand or dirt, carve or cut a potato or use seeds, sticks, stones, clay, pasta, flour and water to make glue or anything that can be shaped to build or show structures or their images. Everyone can be familiar with atoms, materials, scientific notation and basic definitions needed for modern life. We all want to be able to make informed decisions about technology and everyone is capable of understanding basic ideas, images and how things are put together. Science is ordinary and normal, fun and has its own language. It is constantly expanding and our world needs to understand it better.
Inclusive Smart Cities
This is the Reprint edition of the Special Issue "Inclusive Smart Cities" published in Smart Cities by MDPI. This Reprint compiles 14 scholarly articles, including 1 editorial, 4 review articles, 1 project report, and 8 research articles, covering a wide range of relevant topics in inclusive smart cities. The collected articles show that inclusivity is both a guiding principle and a practical necessity for sustainable urban transformation, ensuring that marginalized voices are heard and that digital innovation benefits all. By critically assessing governance models, citizen participation, design practices, and emerging technologies, the collected articles underline from micro, meso, and macro levels that inclusive smart cities are not only promising but achievable through deliberate, collaborative, context-sensitive, and multi-level approaches. As cities worldwide continue to adopt smart solutions, the insights from this Reprint will provide a foundation for researchers, urban planners, policymakers, and innovators to co-create urban environments that are technologically sophisticated, socially just, environmentally friendly, and most importantly accessible to everyone.
Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure
This reprint explores innovative and sustainable solutions for transport infrastructure development under a global carbon-neutral framework. With climate action growing increasingly urgent, nations worldwide are actively pursuing greenhouse gas emission reductions across all sectors. Transportation infrastructure-particularly road systems-represents a major carbon source due to extensive non-renewable resource consumption throughout its lifecycle. As key elements of road systems, asphalt and cement generate significant emissions throughout their lifecycle.To address these challenges, it is crucial to reduce non-renewable material use, improve construction efficiency, enhance material recycling, and accelerate low-carbon technology deployment. These efforts are vital for reducing transportation's environmental impact while advancing carbon neutrality and sustainable development.Following circular economy principles, innovative strategies are being implemented to lower the carbon footprint of infrastructure. Key approaches include using industrial by-products as concrete substitutes, developing energy-efficient asphalt technologies like warm-mix and bio-based binders, and optimizing recycling processes. These technologies not only cut emissions but also improve infrastructure durability and lifecycle performance.
Alkali-Activated Materials
Decoupling economic growth from the depletion of natural resources is paramount to achieving more sustainable development models. As one of the major contributors to anthropogenic environmental impacts, the construction sector must transition toward more efficient and circular practices. In this context, alkali-activated materials offer a unique opportunity to upcycle low-grade resources and industrial by-products into eco-friendly construction materials with excellent technical performance.The scientific community has made notable progress in both fundamental and applied research on these materials; however, further exploration remains essential to unlock their full potential. This Reprint of Applied Sciences, entitled "Alkali-Activated Materials: Advances and Novel Applications", brings together significant contributions that reflect both the recent advances and the ongoing challenges in the field.The contributions collected in this Reprint address a wide range of scientific topics, including the use novel precursors, unconventional additives and reinforcing fibers, mixed design optimization, and innovative processing and curing methods. The contributions made also provide valuable insights into key technical aspects such as mechanical performance, volumetric stability, durability, and self-healing ability, while highlighting emerging applications for alkali-activated materials such as high-temperature resistance and well cementing.
Retrofitting
The challenge to create a next generation technology and methods for testing its performance, led to Integration of heating/ cooling and ventilation with wall structures. Passive and Thermo-Active Cluster (PTAC) integrates hydronic heat exchangers with solar panels and underground water tanks (providing thermal storage) for heat pump. PTAC delivers a verified technology with 90 % energy reduction in new buildings and 70 % in retofitted (benchark 2004). It uses: 1) two-stage construction process to modify the pattern of financing. 2) building automatics to control contributions of sub-systems. 3) adaptable indoor climate and HVAC integrated with the building structure, jointly with monitoring and performance evaluation (MAPE) optimizes energy and indoor environment under service conditions. 4) climatic district network, with minimum two (historic buildings), will optimize energy use in the network. PTAC selects practical improvements to the triangle: occupant-controlled comfort, energy efficiency and the smart energy grid to initiate a discussion on the public-private consortium linked with public education activities to develop the PTAC approach with a view to slow climate change.
Advanced Aerospace Materials
Aerospace Technology is a very challenging topic. The book covers the transition from aluminum to composite materials for aerospace structures and includes advanced analyses used in industries. It is for engineers and students of aerospace, materials and mechanical engineering. New in the 3rd Edition is material on buckling and vibration of arches, trusses and frames, application of Rayleigh approach, Southwell's plot, new advanced excitation devices and nonlinear behavior of plates under lateral pressure including thin long isotropic rectangular plates.
Bio-Based Resources
Global shortages of fossil, mineral, and agricultural resources, coupled with passed global boundaries, climate changes and rising public debt, represent a systemic risk that threatens economic and social stability. This text examines the interconnectedness of raw material supply, state budgets, and societal resilience through the lens of social metabolism, which sees natural resources as essential "food" for the economy. As resource scarcity reduces economic output and tax revenues, states increasingly rely on debt, risking insolvency if resource-based growth falters. Biogenic resources are often seen as a potential solution--especially in fuels, materials, and biogenic energy--but these compete with food production and rely on fragile agricultural systems already impacted by climate change, erosion, and biodiversity loss. Although some bio-based materials show promise (e.g., hemp in construction or algae fuels), their market share is low but may grow. Moreover, rebound effects may lead to overexploitation rather than sustainable substitution. The analysis concludes that while bio-based resources offer partial relief, they cannot replace systemic changes in consumption, land use, and economic expectations. ctations.
Mine-Field
'It is not a case of governments and companies putting royalties and profits before people; instead it is as though people don't matter at all ...' In Mine-Field, Paul Cleary counts the true cost of Australia's mineral addiction. Whether it be coal-seam gas, LNG or coal mega-mines, a resources rush is happening in just about every productive corner of our country. Yet at the same time oversight and regulation have been hollowed out. High-risk projects are being approved without proper assessment of the long-term consequences. Water resources, farmland and national parks are under threat, and people, communities and industries are being steamrolled. A ground-breaking piece of reporting by the author of Too Much Luck, Mine-Field plots the dubious networks created and greased by mining companies to get their projects through, and exposes regulatory gaps that must be addressed to prevent enormous and irreversible harm to our society and environment. Shortlisted for the 2012 Walkley Book Award and the 2013 Ashurst Business Literature Prize. Longlisted for the 2013 John Button Prize
Mechanisms of Self-Healing Polymers
Self-healing synthetic materials have the ability to repair damage on their own, restoring functionality and significantly extending the lifespan, energy efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of synthetic materials. These materials can mimic self-repair mechanisms in biological materials and regain their original functionalities, ensuring prolonged durability. Methods for repairing mechanically damaged polymeric materials include using photo-activated healing agents, reversible covalent bonds, cycloaddition reactions, metal-ligand complexes, and dynamic non-covalent bonding. The initial chapter of the book lays the introduction by offering a fundamental overview of self-healing materials. It encompasses a spectrum of smart materials, from self-healing polymers to self-healing ceramics. The next section introduces the mechanisms that endow these materials with their remarkable properties. It explores various self-healing strategies, underlying chemistries, and stimulus responsiveness crucial for achieving these self-repairing abilities. The book then focuses on the processing aspect of these materials, detailing diverse fabrication methods used for developing these intelligent polymers, both in laboratory settings and at an industrial scale. The next section centers on self-healing elastomers, encompassing thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates. It not only provides an overview but delves into the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and applications of these elastomers molded as self-healing materials. The book concludes with potential applications of these smart materials. It is structured around specific properties such as mechanical or rheological characteristics, showcasing how these traits inspire the practical application of self-healing elastomers.
Phys. Chem. Glasses, 2025, 66(3&4), 81-202
Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology B, 2025, Volume 66, Number 3&4, pages 81 to 202Contents 81Water diffusion in lead silicate and sodium lead silicate melts
J. E. Shelby 87Mechanical and thermophysical properties of La2O3.Y2O3.Al2O3 glasses and melts
Zhitao Shan, Shujiang Liu, Yanfei Zhang, Jiayan Zhang, Qiuju Zheng, Xiujun Han & Haizheng Taob 97Conferences diary100Arun and Darshana Varshneya endow University Conference on Glass101Low temperature additive manufacturing of glass103ClearVue solar glass technology to power Australia's smartest greenhouse105Non-contact infrared thermometer for accurate temperature measurements in optical fibre manufacture released by LAND107The development of MOF glasses recognised109Curtin's water-repellent glass breaks new ground110Unlocking new optical power in glass nanostructures using precision printing111Professor Emeritus L. David Pye Hon FSGT - Doctor of LettersSociety of Glass Technology Annual Meeting iProgramme113 to 198Abstracts from the Society of Glass Technology Annual Meeting 2025200Conferences and events diary
Russian Military Thought
Novel insights into Russian military thought-from the Crimean War to the war in UkraineThe development of the Russian military's strategic thought is an understudied and thus misunderstood subject in the West. Strategy in Russia encompasses the broader context of foreign and domestic policy as well as the military's ties to the country's leadership. The military's strategic thought is closely linked to Russia's existence as a state and explains patterns of Russian confrontation.In Russian Military Thought, the renowned scholar Gudrun Persson offers novel insights into Russian military thought on doctrine and strategy, from the Crimean War to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Persson dismantles the simplistic notion that Russian military thought is "backward," instead presenting a deeper analysis of the drivers that influence the changes in Russian military strategy. Through archival research based on Russian language sources, Persson offers a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on theoretical insights from history and political science that enable her to make a nuanced, qualitative analysis.This book will be essential reading for practitioners, scholars, and students who seek to understand the mind-set of the current Russian leadership and the constraints that shape Russia's future possibilities.
Electrochemical Energy Storage
Starting from physical and electrochemical foundations, this textbook explains working principles of energy storage devices. After a history of galvanic cells, different types of primary, secondary and flow cells as well as fuel cells and supercapacitors are covered. An emphasis lies on the general setup and mechanisms behind those devices to enable easy understanding for students from all technical and natural science disciplines. New: two current batteries types are added and explained to complete and update the content. New: two current batteries types are added and explained to complete and update the content.
Perovskite Solar Cells
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in renewable energy, offering a pathway to high-efficiency, sustainable energy solutions. This work provides a comprehensive exploration of perovskite materials, innovative device architectures, and advanced modeling techniques. It delves into the synthesis and characterization of perovskites, interface engineering, stability improvements, and fabrication methods for enhancing performance and addresses the scalability challenges and environmental impacts of PSCs, showcasing their potential to drive sustainability in energy systems. The integration of PSCs into hybrid and tandem solar systems, as well as their applications in large-scale photovoltaics, wearable devices, and consumer electronics, is examined in depth. The work serves as a valuable resource for professionals, graduate students and researchers in materials science, renewable energy, and electrical engineering. It highlights the transformative role of PSCs in reducing carbon emissions and achieving global energy goals, making it indispensable for specialists aiming to pioneer sustainable technologies.
The Silent Trigger
What if the next war isn't started by a general-but by an algorithm?In a world where decisions are made at machine speed, the future of war is being coded in silence. This groundbreaking book takes you inside the labs, command centers, and classified programs where autonomous weapons AI, quantum warfare tech, and cyber-physical systems are quietly rewriting what it means to fight, to defend, and to decide who lives or dies.This is not just a book about smart weapons-it's an unflinching look at how nations are engineering the capacity to wage war without human hesitation, human morality, or even human presence. As hypersonic missile strategy erases response time and autonomous kill decision systems learn to anticipate intent, we enter a new era where ethics, accountability, and power itself must be redefined.Perfect for readers of political thrillers, military futurism, and real-world cyberwarfare and geopolitics, this book is essential for defense analysts, technologists, policymakers, and anyone asking what it means to survive-let alone lead-in the age of digital deterrence.Inside, you'll discover: - How AI is already being used in modern warfare to predict and pre-empt threats before they happen- The chilling truth behind autonomous weapons AI and their role in recent drone strikes- Why ethical AI in defense is not just a technical issue, but a philosophical and strategic one- How future military technology is quietly shifting the balance of global powerThis book doesn't just inform-it compels. You'll walk away not just with knowledge, but with a framework to think more clearly, act more wisely, and question more deeply the systems shaping tomorrow.The trigger has already been pulled. The question is-who programmed it?
Polymer Characterization
The book provides a concise and practically-driven overview of fundamentals and current experimental practices in the field of characterization of modern polymer, biopolymer materials and related composites. Such guide is important for experienced undergraduate students and new graduate students starting their adventure into polymer materials research. It helps students with quick introduction into theoretical basics, guidance on experimental routines, specimen preparations, data analysis, resolution and limitations of experimental measurements, and common issues and artifacts. It includes most popular spectroscopic and microscopic techniques for understanding chemical composition, microstructure and morphology, and fundamental properties of solid polymeric materials including mechanical, viscoelastic, thermomechanical, surface, and optical properties. All chapters are accompanied by examples of specific study cases, experimental problems and questions for solving and self-testing, as well as laboratory practice videos collected by the authors in their labs. Includes long-lasting and in-depth research experience in the field of polymer characterization of a wide variety of polymers, biopolymers and composites. Contains guide to training, practical use, data analysis, limitations and resolution, common experimental routine parameters, and other practical considerations such as applicability in real lab environment. Includes examples of study cases, questions and problems for student self-testing and analysis. Includes examples of prominent artifacts and data corruptions and how to avoid and correct those. Shows practical lessons in the video collected by the authors with specimen preparation, experimental parameters selection, measuring process, and data collection, all in real-time.
Superalloys
The demand for sustainable technologies, renewable energy, and cost-effective industrial processes has drawn attention to the use of earth-abundant transition metals, such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, and nickel. This book aims to serve researchers working in the fields of catalysis, environmental science, materials chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and sustainable energy.Keywords: Composite Solid Propellants, Metal Oxide-based Catalysts, Pharmaceutical Industries, Therapeutics, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Supercapacitors, Chemical Sensors, Water Treatment, Hydrogen Production, Petrochemistry.
Energy-Harvesting Materials
Energy harvesting refers to the derivation of energy from a great number of sources, such as solar energy, wind energy or the kinetic energy that is present in a car in motion and can be recuperated when we step on the brakes. The book presents examples of energy-harvesting which involve only imperceptible effects on the user, or which involve large-scale phenomena where individuals are not involved. The former choice has come to center largely on the use of nanomaterials, piezoelectricity and tribo-electricity to harvest the energy involved in a wide range of everyday activities that encounter vibrations, impacts, etc. The book references 200 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Triboelectric Harvesters, Piezoelectric Harvesters, Waste-heat Harvesting, Vibrational Energy-Harvesting, Microelectromechanical Sensor, Eutectogels for Flexible Electronics, Thermal-Energy Storage, Hydrogen-Storage, Photocatalytic Water-Splitting, Natural Rubber Composites, Dielectric Elastomers, Salinity-Harvesting, Ultra-Strong Nanocomposite Membrane.
Principles of Fire Engineering Science, Safety and Solutions
Designed for fire engineers, architects, surveyors, and fire safety professionals of all experience levels, Principles of Fire Engineering, Science, Safety and Solutions delivers practical knowledge that matters. With a strong foundation in science and real-world application, this acclaimed and peer-reviewed work empowers readers to enhance building safety, protect lives, and raise industry standards. It's a must-have resource for anyone dedicated to making buildings safer places to live and work.
Principles of Fire Engineering Science, Safety and Solutions
Designed for fire engineers, architects, surveyors, and fire safety professionals of all experience levels, Principles of Fire Engineering, Science, Safety and Solutions delivers practical knowledge that matters. With a strong foundation in science and real-world application, this acclaimed and peer-reviewed work empowers readers to enhance building safety, protect lives, and raise industry standards. It's a must-have resource for anyone dedicated to making buildings safer places to live and work.
Advanced Joining Technologies
This book covers advances in fusion and solid-state welding processes including basics, welding metallurgy, defect formation and effect of process parameters on mechanical properties. The microstructural and mechanical behaviour of the weldments are included alongwith challenges encountered during the process.
Nanoarchitectonics for Brain Drug Delivery
This book discusses basics of brain diseases and role of nano-biotechnology in existing treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders. It discusses innovative categories of drug delivery sys., including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, polymeric nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers through multi-responsive DDSs and their implications.
Metallic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
Metallic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy explores the innovative use of metallic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. It investigates the production, functionalization, and medicinal uses of metallic nanoparticles, including iron oxide, gold, and silver, emphasizing their potential for targeted drug administration, imaging, and therapy. It also tackles essential regulatory and safety considerations, connecting research with clinical application.Features: Covers specifics to the theranostic application of metallic nanoparticles for cancer treatment Describes therapeutic strategies of nanoparticles in drug administration routes and targeting mechanisms Gives insight into phytochemical and biogenic surface-modified metal nanoparticles Discusses bioavailability and toxicity assessment of metallic nanoparticles This book is aimed at researchers in metallic nanoparticle and physicians and regulatory professionals in nanotechnology for precision oncology.
Multilayer Nanostructured Wear-Resistant Coatings for Metal-Cutting Tools
This work focuses on the properties of multilayer nanostructured wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools. It provides an extensive overview of modern methods and approaches to creating wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools. The authors present a wealth of experimental data and offer generalized theories, useful not only in the development of metal-cutting tools with coatings, but also in the creation of nanostructured materials for various applications. Discusses the development and operation of nanostructured coatings operating under conditions of high temperatures, pressures and chemical effects Includes studies of coating properties during cutting using modern methods (transmission and scanning electron microscopy) Presents mathematical models that describe the process of coating deposition and the cutting process as stochastic processes, for the modeling of which it is necessary to use methods of probability theory This book is intended for engineering and technical workers, as well as graduate students involved in the development of, research on and practical application of methods for applying wear-resistant coatings.
Bioplastics
Bioplastics are a promising and eco-friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. These innovative materials are derived from renewable resources, such as plant starch, corn, or sugarcane, making them biodegradable and reducing the environmental impact associated with conventional plastics. This new book presents an informative overview of bioplastics and highlights new state-of-the-art sustainable bioplastic technology.The volume discusses the different kinds of bioplastics and their diverse uses, such as in creating sustainable food packaging; in medical applications, such as in body implants like bones, scaffolds, and breast implants; as well as in many industries--electronics, architecture and construction, automobile, consumer goods, cosmetics, etc. The design and methods of production are discussed, including novel technologies. The environmental industrial aspects of bioplastics as well as the commercial aspects of bioplastics are covered, evaluating the commercial and industrial value and demand for bioplastics.
Nanoparticles in Fingerprinting
The toolkit of nanomaterials covered in this new book, which ranges from magnetic nanoparticles to quantum dots, offers up new possibilities for the preservation and visualization of latent prints and turns forensic science into an area where the unseen is made strikingly visible. This volume acts as a thorough guide through experimental procedures, theoretical underpinnings, and practical uses of nanoparticle-based fingerprinting. Additionally, it examines the potential challenges, future directions, and ethical considerations associated with the adoption of nanoparticle-based fingerprinting methods.The volume investigates fingerprinting techniques that involve titanium dioxide nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, gold and silver nanoparticles, green synthesis of nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, carbon dots (CDs) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles, and more.The multidisciplinary approach taken by this book fosters a comprehensive knowledge of this cutting-edge topic by reflecting the joint work of specialists from chemistry, forensic science, and nanoscience. Contributions from leading experts in the fields of nanotechnology and forensic science enrich this volume with diverse perspectives and practical insights.Whether you are a seasoned forensic professional, a researcher in materials science, or a student exploring the intersections of nanotechnology and criminalistics, this book aims to serve as a definitive resource on the transformative role of nanoparticles in advancing fingerprint analysis.
Music Psychology--Balance of Relations
Offering a groundbreaking interdisciplinary perspective, this book explores the fundamental mechanisms behind music perception by bridging music psychology with computational neuroscience. It models how adaptation and synchronization shape neural responses to music, revealing insights unattainable through traditional brain localization theories. By applying complex systems theory, it shifts the focus from isolated brain regions to dynamic network interactions, providing a holistic and predictive framework with relevance across a broad spectrum of natural sciences. Ideal for researchers across musicology, psychology, neuroscience, as well as complexity and computational science, it opens new paths for understanding the brain's response to music through scientific precision and cross-disciplinary integration.
FRP-Strengthened Metallic Structures
FRP has high strength and weight, resistance to corrosion and environmental degradation, cost effectiveness and durability. This revised new edition adds a chapter on performance under large deformation cyclic, impact and blast loading. Now with CNT modified epoxy, shear and torsion, CFRP-strengthening, fatigue design and connections.
Military Modernisation in Southeast Asia after the Cold War
Southeast Asian countries boasts a wide range of approaches to military modernisation due to their great diversity in politics, economies, geography, and other factors. Bounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans is the setting for the geostrategic impacts of military modernisation.
Effect Of The Size Of Grog In Fire-clay Bodies
Explore the intricate relationship between grog size and the properties of fire-clay bodies in this detailed study by Frank A. Kirkpatrick. "Effect Of The Size Of Grog In Fire-clay Bodies" delves into the impact of varying grog particle dimensions on the structural integrity and performance of ceramic materials. This book offers valuable insights for ceramists, materials scientists, and engineers seeking to optimize their processes and enhance the durability of fire-clay products. Kirkpatrick's research provides a comprehensive analysis, making it an essential resource for both academic study and practical application in the field of ceramic engineering. Discover how careful control over grog size can lead to significant improvements in the quality and reliability of fire-clay compositions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Description of the Pratt Range Board, Model of 1905
"Description of the Pratt Range Board, Model of 1905" offers a detailed look at a crucial piece of early 20th-century military technology. This manual, originally published by the United States Army Ordnance Department, provides comprehensive information on the mechanical features of the Pratt Range Board and the rules governing its care and preservation. Essential reading for historians, military technology enthusiasts, and anyone interested in the evolution of artillery equipment, this document provides a unique glimpse into the methods and equipment used by the U.S. Army at the turn of the century. Discover the intricate workings of a device that played a vital role in military operations, and gain a deeper appreciation for the engineering and logistical challenges of the era. This edition preserves the original text and illustrations, ensuring that the historical record remains intact.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Effect Of The Size Of Grog In Fire-clay Bodies
Explore the intricate relationship between grog size and the properties of fire-clay bodies in this detailed study by Frank A. Kirkpatrick. "Effect Of The Size Of Grog In Fire-clay Bodies" delves into the impact of varying grog particle dimensions on the structural integrity and performance of ceramic materials. This book offers valuable insights for ceramists, materials scientists, and engineers seeking to optimize their processes and enhance the durability of fire-clay products. Kirkpatrick's research provides a comprehensive analysis, making it an essential resource for both academic study and practical application in the field of ceramic engineering. Discover how careful control over grog size can lead to significant improvements in the quality and reliability of fire-clay compositions.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
