Effects of the New FM 3-0 Operations on Combat Service Support Planning Models
A gap exists between how logistics planners and operational planners see the military environment. This leads to asynchronous planning and flawed solutions. The central theme necessary to merge these two worlds is the common operational picture. By understanding the nature of the problem, efforts can be mutually applied to strengthen the impact of the solution while adequately protecting friendly vulnerabilities from threat influence. This common operational picture rarely forms without a common frame of reference. Nested doctrine tempered by operational art provides the foundation of that framework as it synchronizes planning models and illuminates the critical relationships between them prior to force application. The operational planner depends on clear, comprehensive doctrine to guide and inform the planning process. Shared understanding essential to collective staff work requires a common doctrinal base that is useful, relevant and nested with parent doctrine. Army CSS doctrine must parallel maturation of joint operations doctrine for the logistical focus to remain sharp. The perspectives from which operations and logistics planners respectively view military problems are fundamentally different, yet they have similarities and a mutual purpose. The purpose of logistics is to enable operations. The purpose of operations is to gain the advantage relative to the threat. Both focus on defeating the threat. Neither of these efforts can be successful without the other. In abstract terms both perspectives must merge to highlight relationships necessary to defeat the threat while perpetuating friendly strengths. This holistic approach to problem solving relies more on synthesis of comprehensive doctrine than on branch specific analysis. No single battlefield operating function (BOF) can expect to be successful alone. Nor can the sum of all functions achieve success operating in a stovepipe-like manner. Shared situational awareness is essential to combining individualThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Generating Bomber Routes for the Delivery of Gravity Weapons
Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPF) based on the medium range forecast (MRF) ensemble are currently in operational use below their full potential quality (i.e., accuracy and reliability). This unfulfilled potential is due to the MRF ensemble being adversely affected by systematic errors which arise from an imperfect model and less than ideal ensemble initial perturbations. This thesis sought to construct a calibration to account for these systematic errors and thus produce higher quality PQPF. Systematic errors were explored with the use of the verification rank histogram, which tracks the performance of the ensemble. The information in these histograms was then used in interpreting MRF ensemble forecasts to produce calibrated PQPF.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Using Value-Focused Thinking to Evaluate the Practicality of Ground-Source Heat Pumps at Military Installations
Because of potential cost and energy savings, military decision-makers may want to consider the use of energy-efficient heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems at their installations. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs), in particular, show great promise because of their low energy requirements and low life-cycle costs. However, there currently exists no design guidance or established criteria for HVAC selection. Consequently, military decision-makers have no basis for comparing conventional HVAC systems and GSHPs. The Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) methodology was used to create a multi-objective decision analysis model that measures the value of different HVAC systems. Consisting of five bottom-tier values and twelve measures, the model captures the Air Force's objectives regarding its selection of HVAC systems. Using data collected from three different Air Force bases, the model was used to evaluate four HVAC alternatives (three conventional and one GSHP alternative) at each location. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to provide additional insight into the HVAC selection process. The results of this research indicate that GSHPs are a viable option and should be considered at military installations. Further, the results prove that the VFT model can be an effective decision analysis tool for HVAC selection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Predicting the Cost Per Flying Hour for the F-16 Using Programmatic and Operational Variables
This research analyzes operational and programmatic data from all Air National Guard and 13 of 14 active duty F-16C/D Fighter Wings (FW) from 1998 to 2004 in search of explanatory variables that influence a wing's Cost Per Flying Hour (CPFH). Using data from both the Air Force Total Ownership Cost database and from the Air Force Knowledge Systems database, this research evaluates the predictive ability of the following nine explanatory variables: aircraft age, average sortie duration, MajCOM, base location, utilization rate, percent engine type, percent block, percent deployed, and previous year's CPFH, the last four of which were previously untested. Additionally, this research builds regression models that accurately predict the CPFH of an F-16C/D FW using these operational and programmatic variables. This research concludes that the following variables are highly predictive and quantifies the relative influence of each of these variables: utilization rate, base location, percent block, percent engine type, average age of aircraft, and the previous year's CPFH. Finally, this research identifies a lurking variable and proposes two possible explanations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation and Analysis of EFX 98 Assessment Experiences and EFX 98 Assessment Evaluation
The Chief of Staff of the Air Force directed that the Air Force conduct five annual experiments beginning in fiscal year 1998 to explore advanced warfighting concepts relating to the Expeditionary Aerospace Force structure. The first of these experiments was conducted from 12-26 Sep 1998 and focused on technologies and processes related to a possible Air Operations Center of the future. This thesis explores two elements of EFX 98. First, the structure of the experiment was examined for ways in which to improve the process for future experiments. Second, the data collected with respect to the structure and systems of the proposed Air Operations Center were analyzed in order to make statistically sound decisions regarding the proposed Air Operations Center. The first part of the thesis looked at the EFX 98 structure and provided suggestions which encouraged a design of experiments approach to EFX scenarios. Additionally, recommendations for leadership were made to break the exercise paradigm and focus the participants toward data collection. The second part of the thesis examined the survey data collected. With respect to the structure/process survey, the mean responses were found to be neutral in almost every regard. Multivariate analysis was used to make recommendations about the construction of future surveys with regard to the survey measures. With respect to the systems/applications survey, several statistical inferences were made regarding the various systems and applications, and multivariate analysis gave support to the survey construction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Utility of Experimental Design in Automatic Target Recognition Performance Evaluation
This research investigates current practices in test and evaluation of classification algorithms, and recommends improvements. We scrutinize the evaluation of automatic target recognition algorithms and rationalize the potential for improvements in the accepted methodology. We propose improvements through the use of an experimental design approach to testing. We demonstrate the benefits of improvements by simulating algorithm performance data and using both methodologies to generate evaluation results. The simulated data is varied to test the sensitivity of the benefits to a broad set of outcomes.The opportunities for improvement are threefold. First, the current practice of "one-at-a-time" factor variation (only one factor is varied in each test condition) fails to capture the effect of multiple factors. Next, the coarse characterization of data misses the opportunity to reduce the estimate of noise in test through the observation of uncontrolled factors. Finally, the lack of advanced data reduction and analysis tools renders analysis and reporting tedious and inefficient. This research addresses these shortcomings and recommends specific remedies through factorial testing, detailed data characterization, and logistic regression. We show how these innovations improve the accuracy and efficiency of automatic target recognition performance evaluation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluating Air Force Civil Engineers' Current Automated Information Systems
Almost every organization has some form of information system where data is captured and stored for later use. The Air Force civil engineering organization is no exception and is in the process of transitioning from the Interim Work Information Management System (WIMS) to the Automated Civil Engineer System (ACES). This research focused on users' perceptions of both database and data importance to determine if significant differences existed between various user sub-groups. The research also attempted to identify the most frequently reported problems regarding system usage. The methods of analysis of variance and content analysis were used to answer the research questions using survey responses from a sample size of 814. The results indicate that civil engineers "slightly agree" that their database and the data it collects are important. However, significant differences in perception levels were found between men and women, between some major commands (MAJCOMs), between users of different systems, and between personnel of different rank. Content analysis of comments in response to open-ended questions found that users are generally satisfied with their current system. However, areas of concern included slow system speed, lack of a user-friendly report writing feature, and poor reliability.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Improving the Tanker Employment Model
This Graduate Research Project is an improvement to the Tanker Employment Model developed by Maj. Margaret Romero. Her model which uses Excel VBA is used to determine the tanker capacity requirements needed to perform specific user defined tanker employment missions. The output is useful for rough-cut analysis of the tanker employment mission. The improvement to the Tanker Employment Model is the capability to use multiple tanker types simultaneously. The model chooses the optimum order for the tanker types and number of tankers to support a specific tanker employment mission. It also provides additional information to compare the use of multiple tankers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cyber Power
Cyberspace is the newest warfighting domain, but heretofore it has been the nearly exclusive purview of technical experts, not warfighters. Consequently, much of the work on cyber power theory has eschewed the traditional concepts and lexicon of war in favor of language more familiar to technical experts in information communications technology. This convention stunts strategic thinking on cyber power and creates a barrier to cyber power's integration into joint military operations. For these reasons, this study advances the beginnings of a cyber power theory rooted in the lessons of war experience in the traditional warfighting domains of land, sea, and air. By examining cyber power through the lens of fundamental concepts like initiative, terrain, speed, and mobility cyberspace's similarities to the other warfighting domains emerge. Cyber power combines qualities inherent to land, sea, and air power -- making cyber power simultaneously distinct from, and analogous to, all three. This unique synergy is what separates cyber power from these other forms of military power. At the same time, similarities between cyberspace and the physical domains lets cyber power theory take lessons from past war experiences, as well as from the military theories of those like Carl von Clausewitz, Sir Julian Corbett, Sir John Slessor, and John Boyd. By rigorously observing when the analogies between cyberspace and the other domains apply and collapse, this study gleans some lessons from traditional experience and theory on how to seize the advantage on attack or defense in cyber power.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Is it Time to Give the U.S. Army Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) a Facelift?
This monograph focuses on a construction unit in the United States Army, the Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy). The Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) is the main organization, providing the U.S. Army the bulk of its heavy construction capability. This monograph specifically examines the organization and capabilities of the battalion and determines if the U.S. Army should make changes to the battalion organizational structure to make it a more effective combat multiplier for full spectrum operations in the 21st century. The concept of modularity is defined from doctrinal sources and an assessment is made to determine if the battalion configurations affords the flexibility required to achieve this. There is a tendency to look to civilian models, which generally have functionalized companies, when recommending changes to military construction organizations. This monograph examines the differences between operating environments of civilian construction firms and military construction units and assesses how this might impact the organizational design of a U.S. Army troop construction organization. The monograph briefly covers the history, employment and reasoning for the present organization of the battalion. Case studies of the use of combat heavy engineer battalions in Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm (1990-1991), and operations in Bosnia (1995-2000) are examined to determine the battalion's overall effectiveness in providing general engineering support to these operations. These case studies provides a basis for examining the use of the battalions in Major Theater War (MTW) operations of short duration in a relatively mature theater, and Stability and Support Operations (SASO) of long duration in an immature and battle damaged theater. Additionally, the present organizational structure of the troop heavy construction organizations in the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force are analyzed to determine if there are any lessons the Army can apply to the organizationThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cargo Aircraft Bombing System
From the early days of aviation, bombs typically have been carried by either fighter or bomber aircraft in the inventory. On the other hand, more and more longrange, precision-guided missiles are being produced with ranges that vary from tens to hundreds of miles. With such missiles, targets can be destroyed without placing personnel and equipment into close proximity to the targets. The mass delivery of standoff weapons could be especially advantageous during the early phases of an air campaign. This study considers the use of cargo aircraft for carrying and launching bombs and missiles. It has discussed many aspects of a Cargo Aircraft Bombing System (CABS) and provided an overall view. The intention of the study was not to complete design details about CABS, but rather to identify preliminary design concepts that need to be considered in a CABS. The study considered and provided background information on four carrying platforms including the C-17, C-141, C-130 and C-5, and four types of precision guided missiles including JSOW, JASSM, SLAM-ER and LOCAAS. Based on the four platforms and four missiles, particular issues were considered concerning systems and three preliminary carriage and release designs have been proposed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Environmental Monitoring
The effects of contamination of environmental pollutants on public health has garnered worldwide attention and research. To reduce the disease threat to human health, the monitoring and analysis of environmental contaminants are crucial. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are proven to be a stepping stone in the fabrication of nanosensors for various food and environmental monitoring and analysis applications. This multidisciplinary book provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication and development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based devices for various sensing applications. Overall, this book is intended to provide users with concise and well-framed information about molecularly imprinted polymer-based biosensors, which can be exploited by researchers and device manufacturers for the development of novel sensors and their commercialization for environmental monitoring.Key Features Covers the approaches to design novel, cost-effective molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for environmental monitoring and analysis Illustrates properties of nanomaterials with the specific recognition of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensitive and specific detection of environmental pollutants Includes a wide variety of environmental monitoring applications for molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors
Elasticity of Materials
-It is a comprehensive resource that covers a range of topics related to elasticity, including theory, applications, and experimental techniques. -Provides an introductory chapter that covers analytical and numerical approaches used in engineering elasticity, making it a useful resource for students and professionals alike.-Offers a comprehensive overview of stress-strain analysis for elasticity equations, including the use of Hooke's Law, Young's Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio.-Covers the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental techniques for determining the applied elasticity problem, with a focus on fabricating aspheric surfaces.-Discusses the concept of phase transition based on elastic systematics, exploring how changes in temperature and pressure can cause materials to undergo a transition from elastic to a non-elastic state.-Describes the repair inspection technique based on elastic-wave tomography, providing valuable insights into non-destructive testing methods for detecting damage in concrete structures.-The book is well-suited for students, researchers, and professionals in engineering and materials science, as well as anyone interested in understanding the behavior of materials under stress and strain.
Surface Engineering - Foundational Concepts, Techniques and Applications
Surface Engineering - Foundational Concepts, Techniques and Applications provides a cutting-edge exploration of advanced surface modification technologies and their critical role in enhancing material performance across industries. As industrial demands grow for components that can withstand extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, corrosive environments, and heavy wear, surface engineering emerges as a vital solution to improve durability, efficiency, and sustainability. This book explores key methods, including laser surface treatment, plasma modification, and ion implantation, while addressing real-world challenges in the aerospace, automotive, energy, and manufacturing sectors. Bridging theory and practice, it offers insights into friction reduction, corrosion protection, and hybrid material joining, equipping researchers and engineers with actionable strategies to extend component lifespans and optimize industrial processes. A must-read for professionals in materials science, mechanical engineering, and tribology, this volume combines foundational knowledge with innovative applications, making it an essential reference for advancing surface technology in modern industry.
Thin Films - Fundamentals, Deposition Techniques and Applications
Thin films are key components of modern technology. Ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness and composed of a wide variety of materials, they play a crucial role in numerous applications. Their unique properties, related to the exciting physical phenomena that emerge in many materials when dimensions are reduced, make them a subject of intense research across various fields. This volume brings together contributions from experts in materials science and engineering, serving as a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students seeking to expand their knowledge of thin film fabrication and its practical applications. It is intended to serve as a helpful reference for both students and professionals seeking clear and detailed information on the fundamentals, technologies, and applications of thin films.
Cellulose - Biobased Solutions for Society
The use and recovery of lignocellulosic waste generated in the agri-food industry must constitute a pillar on which to advance in the sustainable development of society, enabling the replacement of linear economic models with circular bioeconomy models.
Composite Materials - Science and Engineering
Composite materials are essential for modern engineering, offering an optimal balance between lightweight properties, mechanical strength, and performance under extreme conditions. This book provides a clear and well-documented overview of these advanced materials, covering both theoretical aspects and practical applications. A wide range of composite types is presented, including thermoplastics and thermosets, as well as innovative materials such as shape-memory composites and highly deformable materials. Modern methods of structural testing and analysis, such as finite element simulation and non-destructive techniques, are also included. Aimed at researchers, engineers, and students, this book is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the role of composites in future technologies.
East Asia's Grand Strategies
An in-depth exploration of the strategic dynamics shaping East Asia's future on the world stageEast Asia is the epicenter of twenty-first-century geopolitics, where military, economic, and diplomatic strategies intersect in complex and often unpredictable ways. As the region becomes increasingly central to global power dynamics, understanding the strategies that drive the actions of powers there is more critical than ever.East Asia's Grand Strategies offers the first comparative analysis of the grand strategies of twelve East Asian powers and reveals how they shape their foreign policies, balancing external pressures with domestic political realities. In this edited volume, experts from the region provide non-Western perspectives and fresh insights into the unique factors influencing each case's grand strategy. The chapters illuminate patterns that are critical for understanding East Asia's role in global politics today.Scholars, students, and policymakers interested in East Asia's international relations and the evolving dynamics of its grand strategy will be interested in this timely analysis of the strategic forces shaping the region and, by extension, the future of global power.
Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2b
Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 2B: Unit Processes, presents various unit processes with an emphasis on mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, and electrochemical materials and energy processes. The book highlights the roles of these processes in beneficiation, rare-earth extraction, utilization of lean resources, coal extraction, and biofuels, reflecting the shift toward green and electrochemical processes. Basic knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics is provided for better understanding of metallurgical processes. The first section of the book covers mineral processing, providing insight on comminution, separation processes, dewatering, and tailings disposal. The second section focuses on hydrometallurgy, discussing leaching, separation-purification, metal recovery, and battery materials, and the book concludes with a section studying electrochemical material and energy, featuring coverage of molten oxide electrolysis, molten carbonate fuel cells, various sensors, and ionic liquids. Each section also includes various case studies, demonstrating the use of the concepts in real-world settings.
Nanobiosensors for Crop Monitoring and Precision Agriculture
Nanobiotechnology has been intensively investigated for decades and is thus well-recognized as a promising approach for advancing sustainable agriculture, particularly proving precision and smart tools based on engineered nanoparticles/nanomaterials. Among them, nanosensors and nanobiosensors have the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices by sensing, detecting, and monitoring cellular processes such as signal transduction and plant hormone dynamics, crop performances, and soil/environmental conditions for precision and even real-time management of fertilizers, pesticides, plant growth/yield/quality, stress responses, and post-harvest processes. In the international book market, there is a gap in providing an updated comprehensive book resource for readers who are interested in materials science and nano-biotechnology particularly, the detailed part of nano-biosensors for agri-food applications. Therefore, this book bridges the knowledge gap by providing a complete guide to nano-biosensors from their fundamentals to current agricultural applications, which presents a series of review-type chapters organized by diverse experts. This book consists of 14 chapters, including subtopics such as optical nanobiosensors, calorimetric nanobiosensors, immuno-nanobiosensors, enzymatic nanobiosensors, and apta-nanobiosensors, for their synthesis, action, and applications. This book provides an updated overview of ethical considerations and regulations for nanotechnology in agri-food applications.
Black Silicon
The ability to tailor the morphology of semiconductors in order to obtain the desired properties will add new dimension to the fundamental physics, materials science and engineering of these materials for a variety of applications. Due to its high absorptance, Black Silicon presents new opportunities for applications in energy, healthcare and thermal management.
Data Science in Metal Forming
Data Science in Metal Forming provides readers with a framework to collect, visualize, analyze, and characterize metal forming metadata, thus enabling improved design, more efficient production, and more effective application of a range of metals. Chapters introduce concepts and discuss industry 4.0, digital manufacturing, and more. Other sections feature case studies of metal forming data collection spanning several essential procedures and outline methods for data processing when lacking essential information. The book also includes data visualization techniques, insights into how to analyze data from various metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental, extrusion, and more) and details on how readers can setup, manage, and most effectively apply their own data repositories.
Hydrogel Tissue Analogues
Hydrogel Tissue Analogues provides an overview of the critical role of novel hydrogels in tissue engineering and biomedicine. Structured into three parts, this book guides readers through the latest advances in hydrogel technology. Part one offers an in-depth look at state-of-the-art hydrogel processing, including biomimetic strategies and ground-breaking bioprinting approaches. It also covers rheological characterization and its biomedical applications. Part two showcases the diverse applications of hydrogels in tissue regeneration, spanning bone, adipose, cartilage, cardiac, intervertebral disc, and skin tissues. Additionally, it explores hydrogels for hemostasis, vascularization enhancement, and infectious disease treatment, along with their bioadhesive properties. Part three delves into the regulatory aspects surrounding hydrogel products, addressing emerging developments and commercially available solutions. Hydrogel Tissue Analogues is an essential resource for researchers and academics in the fields of materials science, biomaterials, polymer science, and regenerative medicine, who have an interest in hydrogel-based biomedical solutions.
Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-Immunotherapies
Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-immunotherapies reviews the general cellular and biochemical barriers of the tumor microenvironment and other immune diseases, the ways they are addressed by modern immunotherapies, and the specific barriers facing particular immunotherapeutic approaches. The latest research on immunomodulatory biomaterials is examined, providing a perspective on their future opportunities in modulating disease treatment strategies. Translational considerations and lessons learned from the various components of nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies, including conventional immunotherapies, nucleic acids, nanotechnology, and biotechnology-based therapeutics are assessed. Finally, a framework for the development of the next generation of nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies is detailed, providing guidance and suggestions for those interested in the development of novel immunomodulatory nanobiomaterials. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Nano-immunotherapies is a key reference for researchers and developers working in biomaterials, nanotechnology, immunology, biomedical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences.
Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Implants: Processing, Structures, Properties And, Applications
Advanced Materials in Bioimplants: Processing and Applications thoroughly reviews the core concepts, processing routes, and applications of nanomaterials in bioimplants. Divided into three sections, this book systematically guides the reader through each stage of bioimplant materials development, helping them make informed decisions when selecting appropriate materials for their work. A range of implant nanomaterials is considered including smart, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and light nanomaterials. Various fabrication and synthesis techniques are detailed, as well as key applications as antiviral smart nanocoatings, loadbearing, flexible, wear-resistant nanomaterials, and futuristic bioimplants. This book acts as a reference to the researchers and practitioners in the fields of nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, and biosciences.
Recent Progress and Development in Nanostructures
Recent Progress and Development in Nanostructures is a comprehensive exploration of the latest advancements in the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology. This book investigates nanostructure synthesis, characterization, and applications, showcasing their transformative potential in energy, environment, healthcare, and beyond. With contributions from leading experts, the book highlights the crucial role of nanostructures in addressing global challenges. Topics include innovative synthesis methods, advanced characterization techniques, and emerging applications in catalysis, sensors, drug delivery, and energy storage systems. It also explores hybrid nanostructures, self-assembled materials, and the integration of nanotechnology into sustainable and green solutions. Tailored for researchers, professionals, and students, the book balances theoretical insights and practical applications. Each chapter provides a detailed discussion of recent breakthroughs, supported by in-depth analysis and experimental findings. Special emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approaches that bridge chemistry, physics, and material science, underscoring the collaborative nature of modern nanotechnology research. The book also addresses the challenges in scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact associated with nanostructures, offering solutions and future directions. With an engaging narrative and illustrative content, Recent Progress and Development in Nanostructures is an invaluable resource for advancing knowledge and fostering innovation in this dynamic field. Whether you are an academic, industry professional, or enthusiast, this book will inspire and guide your journey into the fascinating world of nanostructures.
Nanotechnology Weapons
Innovations from nanotechnology are starting to make their way into products on the commercial market as well as information and combat systems for the military. Improvements brought about by nanotechnology will be revolutionary, but, nanotechnology will also present entirely new threats. Steps must be taken now to address the asymmetrical menace posed by future nanotechnology weapons. Production rates of nanomaterials are also rising dramatically, yet there is a general lack of agreement and understanding about their dangers. Sometime within the next 5-10 years, development of a new type of chemical or biological weapon based on discoveries in nanotechnology could be a very real possibility, yet the Department of Defense (DOD) has not initiated programs to focus specifically on understanding or preventing this new type of threat. The DOD should take action now to solve the unknowns as it relates to the dangers of nanostructures, raise awareness on the dangers of nanotechnology within US research institutions and internationally alike, and introduce nanotechnology weapons into DOD educational environments and strategic planning.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Estimating the Effects of Radio Frequency Identification Tagging Technologies on the Army's War-Time Logistics Network
Some civilian business practices, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, were used for the first time by the Army in a major conflict during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). RFID tags were attached to every container and pallet in all sustainment shipments entering and exiting the area of operations (AOR). Although RFID tagging was somewhat successful during OIF, the logistics network still suffered significant problems, to include lack of asset visibility and ineffective theater distribution. Implementing business practices on the battlefield seems like an easy answer to these problems, but the implementation of RFID tags may or may not easily transition to a military of combat environment. The purpose of this research was to discover if the business practice of using RFID tags to track equipment and supplies could be effectively used in a war-time environment by the Army's logistics network.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Structure-Property Relationships of Bismaleimides
The purpose of this research was to control and systematically vary the network topology of bismaleimides through cure temperature and chemistry (addition of various coreactants) and subsequently attempt to determine structure-mechanical property relationships. Characterization of the bismaleimide structures by dielectric, rheological, and thermal analyses, and density measurements was subsequently correlated with mechanical properties such as modulus, yield strength, fracture energy, and stress relaxation. The model material used in this investigation was 4,4'-BismaleiMidodIphenyl methane (BMI). BMI was coreacted with either 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline (MDA), o, o'-diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) from Ciba Geigy, or Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS). Three cure paths were employed: a low- temperature cure of 140 C where chain extension should predominate, a high-temperature cure of 220 C where both chain extension and crosslinking should occur simultaneously, and a low-temperature (140 C) cure followed immediately by a high-temperature (220 C) cure where the chain extension reaction or amine addition precedes BMI homopolymerization or crosslinking. Samples of cured and postcured PMR-15 were also tested to determine the effects of postcuring on the mechanical properties. The low-temperature cure condition of BMI/MDA exhibited the highest modulus values for a given mole fraction of BMI with the modulus decreasing with decreasing concentration of BMI. The higher elastic modulus is the result of steric hindrance by unreacted BMI molecules in the glassy state. The moduli values for the high- and low/high-temperature cure conditions of BMI/MDA decreased as the amount of diamine increased. All the moduli values mimic the yield strength and density trends. For the high-temperature cure condition, the room- temperature modulus remained constant with decreasing mole fraction of BMT for the BMI/DABA and BMI/DDS systems. Postcuring PMR-15 increases the modulus over that of the cured mateThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Measuring the Operational Readiness of an Air Force Network Warfare Squadron
As part of its squadron activation, the 315th Network Warfare Squadron (NWS) requested assistance from the Air Force Institute of Technology in developing criteria for declaring Initial Operational Capability (IOC) and Full Operational Capability (FOC) to assess the unit's operational readiness. The research methodology included a review of current Department of Defense (DoD), Joint, and Air Force publications and instructions, as well as a review of three different unit activations: the new Air Force Cyberspace Command, an F/A-22 Fighter Squadron, and an Intelligence Squadron. By comparing the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) process and the Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS) process, it is clear that unit readiness is measured and reported by SORTS Category Levels (C-Level) to support wartime missions, not by IOC and FOC milestones. This paper reviews SORTS computations and provides a case study of a notional Air Force NWS to propose that any new cyber squadron should report operational readiness starting with C-5 for unit activation, then C-3 to declare initial operational readiness, and finally C-1 to declare full wartime mission readiness.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Microhardness and Strain Field Characterization of Self-Reacting Friction Stir and Plug Welds of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process with potential advantages for aerospace and automotive industries dealing with light alloys. Self-reacting friction stir welding (SR-FSW) is one variation of the FSW process being developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for use in the fabrication of propellant tanks. Friction plug welding is used to seal the exit hole that remains in a circumferential SR-FSW. This work reports on material properties and strain patterns developed in a SR-FSW with a friction plug weld. Specifically, this study examines the behavior of a SR-FSW formed between an AA 2014-T6 plate on the advancing side and an AA 2219-T87 plate on the retreating side and a SR-FSW (AA 2014-T6 to AA 2219-T87) with a 2219-T87 plug weld. This study presents the results of a characterization of the micro-hardness, joint strength, and strain field characterization of SR-FSW and FPW joints tested at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites
This study examines the use of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators for adaptive control of the thermomechanical response of composite structures. A nonlinear thermomechanical model is presented for analyzing shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures exposed to steady-state thermal and dynamic mechanical loads. Also presented are (1) fabrication procedures for SMAHC specimens, (2) characterization of the constituent materials for model quantification, (3) development of the test apparatus for conducting static and dynamic experiments on specimens with and without SMA, (4) discussion of the experimental results, and (5) validation of the analytical and numerical tools developed in the study. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured SAMHC responses including thermal buckling, thermal post-buckling and dynamic response due to inertial loading. The validated model and thermomechanical analysis tools are used to demonstrate a variety of static and dynamic response behaviors including control of static (thermal buckling and post-buckling) and dynamic responses (vibration, sonic fatigue, and acoustic transmission). and SMAHC design considerations for these applications. SMAHCs are shown to have significant advantages over conventional response abatement approaches for vibration, sonic fatigue, and noise control.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Where's My GPS?
The United States possesses the most powerful military force in the world and the underpinning for that force is provided by the ubiquity of Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) systems; the United States Air Force's Global Positioning System (GPS) is by far the most prevalent. The vast majority of US combat systems and capabilities, including foundational capabilities such as global situational awareness and precision long-range strike, heavily leverage the capabilities provided by GPS. However, by integrating GPS into every significant combat system, it is argued that the USAF has inadvertently created a vulnerability that will be exploited by future foes. The USAF and our joint partners cannot afford to operate without GPS and PNT capability and therefore must learn to operate through GPS and PNT degradation. To do so, the USAF must develop and nurture across its core competencies two critical capabilities: the ability recognize a degraded PNT environment and the ability to successfully operate in said environs. The threat should not be over-stated but neither should decision-makers and leaders wish away the challenges presented by operations in PNT degraded environments. Rather, a combination of mitigations such as testing, exercises, training, policy changes, material solutions and operational tactics, techniques and procedures must all be synchronized in a manner that guarantees that US combat forces are equipped and trained to achieve mission success in all PNT environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Tension-Compression Fatigue of Hi-Nicalon/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 C in Air and Steam
The tension-compression fatigue of a Hi-Nicalon /Silicon Carbide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was studied at 1200?簞C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The CMC investigated in this effort consisted of an oxidation inhibited HyprSiC matrix reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon fibers. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbide overlay applied were then densified with the HyprSiC oxidation inhibited matrix through chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The tensile stressstrain behavior was evaluated and the tensile properties measured at 1200?簞C. Tension-compression fatigue tests were conducted at a frequency of 1.0 Hz with a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R = -1.0. Tension-compression fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 80 to 300 MPa in air and in steam. Fatigue run-out was defined as 2x10璽 繕 cycles. Fatigue limit (based on a run-out condition of 2x10璽 繕 cycles) was 80 MPa in air and in steam. The presence of steam decreased the fatigue life of specimens tested above the fatigue limit. Specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Reduction in tensile modulus was 68% while the change in compressive modulus was negligible.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufc 3-600-01
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Determination of Yield and Flow Surfaces for Inconel 718 Under Axial-Torsional Loading at Temperatures Up to 649 C
An experimental program to determine flow surfaces has been established and implemented for solution annealed and aged IN718. The procedure involved subjecting tubular specimens to various ratios of axial-torsional stress at temperatures between 23 and 649 C and measuring strain with a biaxial extensometer. Each stress probe corresponds to a different direction in stress space, and unloading occurs when a 30 microstrain (1 micro eplison = 10(exp -6) mm/mm) offset is detected. This technique was used to map out yield loci in axial-torsional stress space. Flow surfaces were determined by post-processing the experimental data to determine the inelastic strain rate components. Surfaces of constant inelastic strain rate (SCISRS) and surfaces of constant inelastic power (SCIPS) were mapped out in the axial-shear stress plane. The von Mises yield criterion appeared to closely fit the initial loci for solutioned IN718 at 23 C. However, the initial loci for solutioned IN718 at 371 and 454 C, and all of the initial loci for aged IN718 were offset in the compression direction. Subsequent loci showed translation, distortion, and for the case of solutioned IN718, a slight cross effect. Aged IN718 showed significantly more hardening behavior than solutioned IN718.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ventilation and Heating
Explore the principles of indoor climate control with "Ventilation and Heating" by John Shaw Billings. Originally published in 1893, this treatise offers a detailed examination of the methods and technologies employed for maintaining optimal environmental conditions in buildings during the late 19th century. Billings, a prominent figure in public health and hospital design, provides insights into the science and practical application of ventilation and heating systems. This book is invaluable for anyone interested in the history of engineering, architecture, and public health, as it showcases the state-of-the-art approaches to creating comfortable and healthy indoor spaces. Discover the historical context and evolution of modern HVAC systems through Billings' comprehensive study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Non-Cooperative Detection of Frequency-Hopped GMSK Signals
Many current and emerging communication signals use Gaussian Minimum Shift Keyed (GMSK), Frequency-Hopped (FH) waveforms to reduce adjacent-channel interference while maintaining Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) characteristics. These waveforms appear in both military (Tactical Targeting Networking Technology, or TTNT) and civilian (Bluetooth) applications. This research develops wideband and channelized radiometer intercept receiver models to detect a GMSK-FH signal under a variety of conditions in a tactical communications environment. The signal of interest (SOI) and receivers have both fixed and variable parameters.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Comparison of Variance-to-Mean Ratio Methods for Reparables Inventory Management
In an effort to improve aircraft availability, this research compared the efficiency of ten methods of determining variance-to-mean ratios (VTMRs, VMRs, V/Ms) for repairable, spare aircraft parts known as reparables. These methods are base pipeline quantity, Hill-Stevens (220 LRUs), a variation of Hill-Stevens (10 1s), Hill-Stevens (230 LRUs), the Sherbrooke, a variation of Sherbrooke (10 1s), historical data, a new regression function, variance-to-mean ratio equals 1.00 or variance-to-mean ratio equals 1.01. Using VTMRs derived from quarterly organizational intermediate maintenance (OIM) demands for line-replaceable units (LRUs) from the D200A Secondary Item Requirement System (SIRS) databases in aircraft sustainability model scenarios and Excel spreadsheet simulation, this research concluded the VTMRs have an impact on aircraft availability and the cost of inventory.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Improving the Estimation of the Military Worth of the Advanced Tactical Laser Through Simulation Aggregation
Fielding High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon systems presents technological challenges as well as employment and financial challenges. The risk associated with the challenges mandates the development process include computer simulation models capable of predicting weapon system performance from the engineering level to assessing the military worth of employing HEL systems in combat scenarios. This research effort focuses on developing laser performance data at a higher fidelity engagement model and integrating the performance data into a mission level model. The propagation of the laser from the transmitting aperture to the target is modeled at the engagement level through the employment of the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), developed by the AFIT Center for Directed Energy (CDE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
High Temperature Degradation Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly used in demanding structural applications in which they may be exposed to harsh environments. The durability of such materials is a major concern, potentially limiting both the integrity of the structures and their useful lifetimes. The goal of the current investigation is to develop a mechanism-based model of the chemical degradation which occurs, such that given the external chemical environment and temperatures throughout the laminate, laminate geometry, and ply and/or constituent material properties, we can calculate the concentration of diffusing substances and extent of chemical degradation as functions of time and position throughout the laminate. This objective is met through the development and use of analytical models, coupled to an analysis-driven experimental program which offers both quantitative and qualitative information on the degradation mechanism. Preliminary analyses using a coupled diffusion/reaction model are used to gain insight into the physics of the degradation mechanisms and to identify crucial material parameters. An experimental program is defined based on the results of the preliminary analysis which allows the determination of the necessary material coefficients. Thermogravimetric analyses are carried out in nitrogen, air, and oxygen to provide quantitative information on thermal and oxidative reactions. Powdered samples are used to eliminate diffusion effects. Tests in both inert and oxidative environments allow the separation of thermal and oxidative contributions to specimen mass loss. The concentration dependency of the oxidative reactions is determined from the tests in pure oxygen. Short term isothermal tests at different temperatures are carried out on neat resin and unidirectional macroscopic specimens to identify diffusion effects. Mass loss, specimen shrinkage, the formation of degraded surface layers and surface cracking are recorded as functions of exposure time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stealth
This paper traces the development of stealth as an example of the way in which technology is invented, selected, acquired, and employed by the U.S. Armed Forces. The relationship between technology and the American culture that uses it is the foundation of the discussion. Stealth, as a specific technology, is traced from the prominent position of technology in the American way of war through its employment on the battlefield in Operation DESERT STORM. Lessons from this development highlight the different levels of success achieved by the American way of war as contrasted to the American way of acquisition. Finally, doctrine technology application, future opportunities, and limitations are explored in an effort to flesh out a comprehensive view of how the development of stealth contributed to the American way of war and what lessons can be applied to the key supporting element, the American way of acquisition. The apparent effectiveness of the application of stealth technologies should not imply that the same level of success was achieved in the acquisition of those technologies. The seemingly unplanned convergence of basic research, a well understood requirement, a number of supporting technologies, and the right entrepreneur is compared to a robust application of stealth technology to combat through the medium of doctrine. The author concludes that doctrine does not have the same effect on the technology process selection as it has on its application and that the importance of the human element to technology development has not diminished, but continues to grow.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exploitation of Self Organization in UAV Swarms for Optimization in Combat Environments
This investigation focuses primarily on the development of effective target engagement for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms using autonomous selforganized cooperative control. This development required the design of a new abstract UAV swarm control model which flows from an abstract Markov structure, a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process. Self-organization features, bio-inspired attack concepts, evolutionary computation (multi-objective genetic algorithms, differential evolution), and feedback from environmental awareness are instantiated within this model. The associated decomposition technique focuses on the iterative deconstruction of the problem domain state and dynamically building-up of self organizational rules as related to the problem domain environment. Resulting emergent behaviors provide the appropriate but different dynamic activity of each UAV agent for statistically accomplishing the required multi-agent temporal attack task. The current application implementing this architecture involves both UAV flight formation behaviors and UAVs attacking targets in hostile environments. This temporal application has been quite successful in computational simulation (animation) with supporting statistical analysis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
