High Temperature Degradation Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly used in demanding structural applications in which they may be exposed to harsh environments. The durability of such materials is a major concern, potentially limiting both the integrity of the structures and their useful lifetimes. The goal of the current investigation is to develop a mechanism-based model of the chemical degradation which occurs, such that given the external chemical environment and temperatures throughout the laminate, laminate geometry, and ply and/or constituent material properties, we can calculate the concentration of diffusing substances and extent of chemical degradation as functions of time and position throughout the laminate. This objective is met through the development and use of analytical models, coupled to an analysis-driven experimental program which offers both quantitative and qualitative information on the degradation mechanism. Preliminary analyses using a coupled diffusion/reaction model are used to gain insight into the physics of the degradation mechanisms and to identify crucial material parameters. An experimental program is defined based on the results of the preliminary analysis which allows the determination of the necessary material coefficients. Thermogravimetric analyses are carried out in nitrogen, air, and oxygen to provide quantitative information on thermal and oxidative reactions. Powdered samples are used to eliminate diffusion effects. Tests in both inert and oxidative environments allow the separation of thermal and oxidative contributions to specimen mass loss. The concentration dependency of the oxidative reactions is determined from the tests in pure oxygen. Short term isothermal tests at different temperatures are carried out on neat resin and unidirectional macroscopic specimens to identify diffusion effects. Mass loss, specimen shrinkage, the formation of degraded surface layers and surface cracking are recorded as functions of exposure time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Oxidation Kinetics of Continuous Carbon Fibers in a Cracked Ceramic Matrix Composite
Experimental observations and results suggest two primary regimes as a function of temperature, i.e., diffusion and reaction controlled kinetics. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbon fiber in flowing oxygen gave an activation energy of 64.1 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 500 to 600 C and an apparent activation energy of 7.6 kJ/mol for temperatures from 600 to 1400 C. When C/SiC composite material was unstressed, matrix effects at temperatures from 900 to 1400 C protected the internal fibers. When under stress, self-protection was not observed. Increasing the stress from 10 to 25 ksi caused a 67 to 82 percent reduction in times to failure at temperatures from 750 to 1500 C. Based on experimental results, observation, and theory, a finite difference model was developed, which simulates the diffusion of oxygen into a matrix crack that is bridged by carbon fibers. The model allows the influence of important variables on oxidation kinetics to be studied systematically, i.e., temperature, reaction rate constant, diffusion coefficient, environment, and sample geometry.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Guide to the Biosolids Risk Assessments for the EPA Part 503 Rule
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Prediction of Long-Term Strength of Thermoplastic Composites Using Time-Temperature Superposition
Accelerated tests for composite failure were investigated. Constant ramp transverse strength tests on thermoplastic composite specimens were conducted at four temperatures from 300 F to 450 F and five duration times from 0.5 sec to 24 hrs. Up to 400 F, the time-temperature-superposition method produces a master curve allowing strength at longer times to be estimated from strength tests conducted over shorter times but at higher temperatures. The shift factors derived from compliance tests applied well to the strength data. To explain why strength behaved similar to compliance, a viscoelastic fracture model was investigated based on the hypothesis that the work of fracture for crack initiation at some critical flaw remains constant with time and temperature. The model, which used compliance as input, was found to fit the strength data only if the critical fracture energy was allowed to vary with stress rate. Fracture tests using double cantilever beam specimens were conducted from 300 F to 450 F over time scales similar to the strength study. The toughness data showed a significant change with loading rate, less variation with temperature, did not form a master curve, and could not be correlated with the fracture model. Since the fracture model did not fit the fracture data, an alternative explanation based on the dilatational strain energy density was proposed. However the usefulness of this model is severely limited because it relies on a critical parameter which varies with loading rate.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites
This study examines the use of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators for adaptive control of the thermomechanical response of composite structures. A nonlinear thermomechanical model is presented for analyzing shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures exposed to steady-state thermal and dynamic mechanical loads. Also presented are (1) fabrication procedures for SMAHC specimens, (2) characterization of the constituent materials for model quantification, (3) development of the test apparatus for conducting static and dynamic experiments on specimens with and without SMA, (4) discussion of the experimental results, and (5) validation of the analytical and numerical tools developed in the study. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured SAMHC responses including thermal buckling, thermal post-buckling and dynamic response due to inertial loading. The validated model and thermomechanical analysis tools are used to demonstrate a variety of static and dynamic response behaviors including control of static (thermal buckling and post-buckling) and dynamic responses (vibration, sonic fatigue, and acoustic transmission). and SMAHC design considerations for these applications. SMAHCs are shown to have significant advantages over conventional response abatement approaches for vibration, sonic fatigue, and noise control.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Persistent Space Situational Awareness
In the decades since the space program first began, the United States has become more and more dependent on space across a broad spectrum of military, commercial, and civil applications. That dependence brings with it an inherent vulnerability, and recent evidence of the growing threat, combined with acknowledged gaps that exist in our ability to rapidly characterize and attribute attacks on our satellites results in a compelling need for a robust space situational awareness (SSA) capability. The Distributed Real-time Awareness Global Network in Space (DRAGNETS) is one solution that leverages the trend toward distributed, networked military capabilities that nanotechnology will enable within the next 20 years. The DRAGNETS approach uses distributed constellations of thousands of very small sugar cube-sized femtosats to maintain continual cognizance of the space environment. Current and future advances in nanotechnology will lead to substantial miniaturization of satellite functions and allow the Air Force to field flexible, adaptive, and responsive systems as part of an overall SSA architecture. In order to realize the DRAGNETS vision, the Air Force should plan phased investments leading to an operational assessment of a prototype DRAGNETS constellation at a technology readiness level of 7 by 2025. The end result will be a capability that, when integrated with existing ground and space-based SSA assets, provides Combatant Commanders and senior decision makers with the necessary awareness to preserve maximum flexibility in the use of US space capabilities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rapid Prototyping, Acquisition and Deployment of Technology Pushed Weapon Systems Using Nontraditional Acquisition Processes
With the explosion of technology driven systems and their ability to effectively meet military operational need it is imperative we in the acquisition community have the ability to rapidly acquire, deploy and support these potential life saving technological advancements. This paper will explore five non-traditional acquisition processes and use case studies to clarify and outline a defined process to best get new technology into the operators' hands in the most time efficient manner possible. This paper includes a description of the traditional acquisition process, five non-traditional acquisition processes, and the criteria a program must meet to gain access to these processes. The culmination of this effort is the identification and development of a rapid technology pushed weapon system acquisition and deployment checklist/process, and lessons learned from the Project Angel Fire and Predator case studies.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Immersive Learning Simulations in Aircraft Maintenance Training
This paper examines a relatively new computer based training system called Immersive Learning Simulation (ILS) which shows great signs of cutting training time. Many reasons exist to examine the question of whether or not ILS would save time and money if applied to aircraft maintenance training in the Air Force. For instance, using actual military aircraft to train maintenance technicians is a costly proposition. Although hands-on training is necessary, and will be for the foreseeable future, our current computer systems running ILS software could provide realistic training. Immersive Learning Simulation has the potential to provide cost savings, time savings, and increased aircraft and parts availability over more traditional methods of training.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Prepositioned Trailers for Aircraft Battle Damage Repair Support
Air superiority is essential in today's wartime environment. Aircraft that are damaged and not returned to combat can have a considerable impact on the quest for dominance in the air. To maintain operational effectiveness, an organization must have the capability to quickly repair damaged aircraft. The purpose of an Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (ABDR) program is to rapidly and effectively repair damaged aircraft to fly additional operational sorties and further contribute to wartime objectives. This capability must consist of providing the necessary tools and equipment for the rapid repair of aircraft. When an ABDR team deploys in support of an organization in a wartime environment, it is expected that the team will be fully functional, autonomous, and have on hand the resources necessary to complete all tasks. From a logistics standpoint, this is a feasible objective using different methods, with the present method used being prepositioning. During combat operations, Air Mobility Command (AMC) is heavily tasked with movement of personnel and equipment. The prepositioning of ABDR trailers could provide relief on AMC resources already strained to their limits. This research seeks to determine if the AF should continue to preposition ABDR trailers to augment strategic airlift during combat operations by determining the best course of action for providing ABDR trailers to ABDR teams during combat operations. This research will evaluate the effectiveness of both prepositioning and airlifting ABDR trailers.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Passive Geolocation of Low-Power Emitters in Urban Environments Using TDOA
Low-power devices such as key fobs, cell phones, and wireless routers are commonly used to control Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and as communications nodes for command and control. Quickly locating the source of these signals is difficult, especially in an urban environment where buildings and towers can cause interference. This research presents a geolocation system that combines the attributes of several proven geolocation and error mitigation methods to locate an emitter of interest in an urban environment. The proposed geolocation system uses a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technique to estimate the location of the emitter of interest. Using multiple sensors at known locations, TDOA estimates are obtained by cross-correlating the signal received at all the sensors. A Weighted Least Squares (WLS) solution is used to estimate the emitter's location.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Space 2035
Space capabilities are vital to United States national power, commerce, science, and prestige. These capabilities will grow even more vital to the United States' and the global economy by 2035. What will the space technology and operating environment look like in 2035? Technology trends in two fundamental areas -- spacecraft and space transportation -- indicate space technologies, capabilities, products, and services will become far more affordable, ubiquitous, globally available, and interconnected. By 2035, the Space Cloud will emerge. Analogous to the network model of cloud computing, the primary nodes of the Space Cloud will be globally accessible, space-based, have access to virtually limitless solar power resources, possess a global high altitude field of regard, and will be both distributed and collaborative.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
F-16 Modernization
The next-generation F/A-22 Raptor and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) are scheduled to become a significant part of the USAF force structure in the next 5-15 years. Until sufficient quantities of these aircraft are operational, the United States Air Force will rely on legacy systems such as the F-16. Unless the USAF upgrades its F-16 fleet, however, it will be faced with not one, but two gaps in capability. The F-16 has been produced in quantities of nearly 4,000, of which the USAF owns a significant share.Unfortunately, these aircraft are aging faster than expected, and will require structural upgrades to extend their service life. Without these upgrades, over 1000 F-16s in service today will be unusable in the 2012 timeframe, before initial operational capability of the JSF. The result will be a gap in force structure, and thus in overall capabilities. However, the F-16 requires more than structural upgrades.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
With the success of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Operations Allied Force, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom, many in Congress and DoD are pushing to put more UAV capability on the battlefield of tomorrow. More importantly, the desire is to have these UAVs shift from reconnaissance to offensive combat platforms commonly referred to as UCAVs (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles). UCAV's first mission is Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) and its complementary mission of Electronic Warfare (EW) sometimes referred to as jamming. Early support for these particular missions can be traced to a couple of factors. The first is the need to supplement and eventually replace the current Low Density/High Demand (LD/HD) manned systems such as the F-16CJ for SEAD and the EA-6B for EW. While these assets are limited in quantity, they are also artificially limited in employment capability due to concern for the aircrew in the dangerous environment in which they are forced to operate. This paper investigates the UCAV alternatives, to include sensor and weapon technology, and then recommends a course of action. The challenges of making a UCAV that can do the same job as a manned aircraft cheaper and more effectively will be the key drivers in deciding whether this is the right direction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Employment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Canadian Forces Anti-Submarine Warfare
Fixed-wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) technology has experienced exponential growth over the past 10-15 years and is now employed as an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) asset by virtually every modern military force in the world, as well as by civil law enforcement agencies. Currently, more than 30 nations are developing or manufacturing more than 250 models of UAS. Substantial commercial market growth and competition in fixed wing UAS platforms for military and law enforcement applications resulted in a wide variety of UAS platforms from small, hand-launched aircraft that operate at low altitudes for short-duration, to large, complex turbo-prop and jet powered aircraft capable of long-endurance operations at medium and high altitudes. Employment of Medium-Altitude, Long-Endurance (MALE) and High-Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) UAS in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) role is rapidly becoming feasible through emerging technologies and expanded payload capacities, the most significant of which are secure high-bandwidth Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) satellite datalink communications, miniature light-weight sonobuoys, and real-time shore-based acoustic processing. As a result, UAS may be a technically feasible future Canadian Forces (CF) ASW capability as a complementary or stand-alone alternative to manned fixed-wing and rotary-wing maritime ASW platforms.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
EIA Technical Review Guidelines Non-Metal and Metal Mining
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Improving the Estimation of the Military Worth of the Advanced Tactical Laser Through Simulation Aggregation
Fielding High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon systems presents technological challenges as well as employment and financial challenges. The risk associated with the challenges mandates the development process include computer simulation models capable of predicting weapon system performance from the engineering level to assessing the military worth of employing HEL systems in combat scenarios. This research effort focuses on developing laser performance data at a higher fidelity engagement model and integrating the performance data into a mission level model. The propagation of the laser from the transmitting aperture to the target is modeled at the engagement level through the employment of the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), developed by the AFIT Center for Directed Energy (CDE).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Stealth
This paper traces the development of stealth as an example of the way in which technology is invented, selected, acquired, and employed by the U.S. Armed Forces. The relationship between technology and the American culture that uses it is the foundation of the discussion. Stealth, as a specific technology, is traced from the prominent position of technology in the American way of war through its employment on the battlefield in Operation DESERT STORM. Lessons from this development highlight the different levels of success achieved by the American way of war as contrasted to the American way of acquisition. Finally, doctrine technology application, future opportunities, and limitations are explored in an effort to flesh out a comprehensive view of how the development of stealth contributed to the American way of war and what lessons can be applied to the key supporting element, the American way of acquisition. The apparent effectiveness of the application of stealth technologies should not imply that the same level of success was achieved in the acquisition of those technologies. The seemingly unplanned convergence of basic research, a well understood requirement, a number of supporting technologies, and the right entrepreneur is compared to a robust application of stealth technology to combat through the medium of doctrine. The author concludes that doctrine does not have the same effect on the technology process selection as it has on its application and that the importance of the human element to technology development has not diminished, but continues to grow.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Airborne Laser and the Future of Theater Missile Defense
The theater ballistic missile (TBM) problem encountered in the Persian Gulf War revealed an alarming deficiency in US defenses. This paper takes a brief look at the major theater missile defense (TMD) systems in use and under development by the US today. Second, it focuses on the performance of the Army's Patriot defense system in the Gulf War. Finally, the paper offers an in-depth look at the development of the Airborne Laser (ABL) and how it should fit into an overall national structure for TMD. The paper concludes that Patriot performance in the Gulf war was unsatisfactory, not just because of system flaws, but because of the concept of point defense itself. The ABL provides a unique solution to collateral damage inherent in point defense concepts. In addition, the ABL can provide advanced warning to other theater defense systems in the event of a mass launch which could overtax the ABL's capabilities. The paper offers several recommendations for the future direction of TMD. First, phase out point defense completely and channel those funds into development of the other TMD systems which minimize collateral damage to the assets they are intended to protect. Second, expedite development of the ABL as the first line of TMD, backed up by long-range theater systems. Third, continue to develop true theater defense systems; that is, systems which have a range of hundreds of kilometers such as the Navy's Aegis and the Army's THAAD systems, preventing TBMs from getting close to their intended target.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Tension-Compression Fatigue of Hi-Nicalon/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 C in Air and Steam
The tension-compression fatigue of a Hi-Nicalon /Silicon Carbide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was studied at 1200?簞C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The CMC investigated in this effort consisted of an oxidation inhibited HyprSiC matrix reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon fibers. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbide overlay applied were then densified with the HyprSiC oxidation inhibited matrix through chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The tensile stressstrain behavior was evaluated and the tensile properties measured at 1200?簞C. Tension-compression fatigue tests were conducted at a frequency of 1.0 Hz with a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R = -1.0. Tension-compression fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 80 to 300 MPa in air and in steam. Fatigue run-out was defined as 2x10璽 繕 cycles. Fatigue limit (based on a run-out condition of 2x10璽 繕 cycles) was 80 MPa in air and in steam. The presence of steam decreased the fatigue life of specimens tested above the fatigue limit. Specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Reduction in tensile modulus was 68% while the change in compressive modulus was negligible.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Put the Joint Back in the Joint Strike Fighter
Short Takeoff Vertical Land (STOVL) technology existed for high-performance aircraft since the late 1960s, but the United States Air Force (USAF) elected not to acquire a STOVL fighter despite the United States Marine Corp (USMC) and coalition partners such as Great Britain and Italy investing in such fighters. The former Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF) stated the USAF is interested in acquiring a STOVL variant (designated as the F-35B) of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) in addition to the F-35A, the USAF JSF variant.1 To date, the current CSAF has not reversed this decision but this may be due to the absence of a study that clearly states the advantages and disadvantages of the F-35B for the USAF. The USAF still needs a research project to examine this subject and clearly state the pros and cons.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fuels and Fuel Additives for Highway Vehicles and Their Combustion Products
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) Training Manual
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Graphite Fiber-Reinforced Polyimide Composite Tube Forms Using Modified Resin Transfer Molding
The techniques necessary for the fabrication of a complex three-dimensional tubular form using a PMR-type resin have been developed to allow for the construction of several tubes with good physical and mechanical properties. Employing established resin transfer molding practices, the relatively non-hazardous AMB-21 in acetone formulation was used to successfully impregnate four layers of AS4 braided graphite fiber preform previously loaded around an aluminum cylindrical core in an enclosed mold cavity. Using heat and vacuum, the solvent was evaporated to form a prepreg followed by a partial imidization and removal of condensation products. The aluminum core was replaced by a silicone rubber bladder and the cure cycle continued to the final stage of 550 F with a bladder internal pressure of 200 lbs/sq in while simultaneously applying a strong vacuum to the prepreg for removal of any additional imidization products. A combination of several modifications to the standard resin transfer molding methodology enabled the mold to 'breathe', allowing the imidization products a pathway for escape. AMB-21 resin was chosen because of the carcinogenic nature of the primary commercial polyimide PMR-15. The AMB-21 resin was formulated using commercially available monomers or monomer precursors and dissolved in a mixture of methyl alcohol and acetone. The viscosity of the resulting monomer solution was checked by use of a Brookfield rheometer and adjusted by adding acetone to an easily pumpable viscosity of about 600 cP. In addition, several types of chromatographic and thermal analyses were of the braids, and excess handling of the preforms broke some of the microscopic fibers, needlessly decreasing the strength of the finished part. In addition, three dimensional braided preforms with fibers along the length of the tube will be significantly stronger in tension than the braided preforms used in this study.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
How Lumber is Graded
"How Lumber is Graded," Volume 64, by Harold S. Betts, offers a detailed exploration of the processes and standards involved in evaluating lumber quality. Originally published in 1920, this book provides valuable insights into the historical practices of the timber industry and the criteria used to classify lumber for various applications. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in forestry, woodworking, construction, or the history of material sciences. This volume details the specific characteristics considered when grading lumber, offering both historical context and practical knowledge for professionals and enthusiasts alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Structure-Property Relationships of Bismaleimides
The purpose of this research was to control and systematically vary the network topology of bismaleimides through cure temperature and chemistry (addition of various coreactants) and subsequently attempt to determine structure-mechanical property relationships. Characterization of the bismaleimide structures by dielectric, rheological, and thermal analyses, and density measurements was subsequently correlated with mechanical properties such as modulus, yield strength, fracture energy, and stress relaxation. The model material used in this investigation was 4,4'-BismaleiMidodIphenyl methane (BMI). BMI was coreacted with either 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline (MDA), o, o'-diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) from Ciba Geigy, or Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS). Three cure paths were employed: a low- temperature cure of 140 C where chain extension should predominate, a high-temperature cure of 220 C where both chain extension and crosslinking should occur simultaneously, and a low-temperature (140 C) cure followed immediately by a high-temperature (220 C) cure where the chain extension reaction or amine addition precedes BMI homopolymerization or crosslinking. Samples of cured and postcured PMR-15 were also tested to determine the effects of postcuring on the mechanical properties. The low-temperature cure condition of BMI/MDA exhibited the highest modulus values for a given mole fraction of BMI with the modulus decreasing with decreasing concentration of BMI. The higher elastic modulus is the result of steric hindrance by unreacted BMI molecules in the glassy state. The moduli values for the high- and low/high-temperature cure conditions of BMI/MDA decreased as the amount of diamine increased. All the moduli values mimic the yield strength and density trends. For the high-temperature cure condition, the room- temperature modulus remained constant with decreasing mole fraction of BMT for the BMI/DABA and BMI/DDS systems. Postcuring PMR-15 increases the modulus over that of the cured mateThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Combat Identification Modeling Using Neural Networks Techniques
The purposes of this research were: (1) validating Kim's (2007) simulation method by applying analytic methods and (2) comparing the two different Robust Parameter Design methods with three measures of performance (label accuracy for enemy, friendly, and clutter). Considering the features of CID, input variables were defined as two controllable (threshold combination of detector and classifier) and three uncontrollable (map size, number of enemies and friendly). The first set of experiments considers Kim's method using analytical methods. In order to create response variables, Kim's method uses Monte Carlo simulation. The output results showed no difference between simulation and the analytic method. The second set of experiments compared the measures of performance between a standard RPD used by Kim and a new method using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). To find optimal combinations of detection and classification thresholds, Kim's model uses regression with a combined array design, whereas the ANNs method uses ANN with a crossed array design. In the case of label accuracy for enemy, Kim's solution showed the higher expected value, however it also showed a higher variance. Additionally, the model's residuals were higher for Kim's model.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Where's My GPS?
The United States possesses the most powerful military force in the world and the underpinning for that force is provided by the ubiquity of Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) systems; the United States Air Force's Global Positioning System (GPS) is by far the most prevalent. The vast majority of US combat systems and capabilities, including foundational capabilities such as global situational awareness and precision long-range strike, heavily leverage the capabilities provided by GPS. However, by integrating GPS into every significant combat system, it is argued that the USAF has inadvertently created a vulnerability that will be exploited by future foes. The USAF and our joint partners cannot afford to operate without GPS and PNT capability and therefore must learn to operate through GPS and PNT degradation. To do so, the USAF must develop and nurture across its core competencies two critical capabilities: the ability recognize a degraded PNT environment and the ability to successfully operate in said environs. The threat should not be over-stated but neither should decision-makers and leaders wish away the challenges presented by operations in PNT degraded environments. Rather, a combination of mitigations such as testing, exercises, training, policy changes, material solutions and operational tactics, techniques and procedures must all be synchronized in a manner that guarantees that US combat forces are equipped and trained to achieve mission success in all PNT environments.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Exploitation of Self Organization in UAV Swarms for Optimization in Combat Environments
This investigation focuses primarily on the development of effective target engagement for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms using autonomous selforganized cooperative control. This development required the design of a new abstract UAV swarm control model which flows from an abstract Markov structure, a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process. Self-organization features, bio-inspired attack concepts, evolutionary computation (multi-objective genetic algorithms, differential evolution), and feedback from environmental awareness are instantiated within this model. The associated decomposition technique focuses on the iterative deconstruction of the problem domain state and dynamically building-up of self organizational rules as related to the problem domain environment. Resulting emergent behaviors provide the appropriate but different dynamic activity of each UAV agent for statistically accomplishing the required multi-agent temporal attack task. The current application implementing this architecture involves both UAV flight formation behaviors and UAVs attacking targets in hostile environments. This temporal application has been quite successful in computational simulation (animation) with supporting statistical analysis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Tests of Centrifugally Cast Steel
"Tests of Centrifugally Cast Steel" (1921) presents a detailed examination of the properties and performance of steel produced using the centrifugal casting method. Authored by G. K. Burgess, this work contributes to the field of metallurgy and mechanical engineering, providing valuable insights into the characteristics of centrifugally cast steel. The study likely includes comprehensive testing procedures, analysis of material properties, and comparisons to traditionally cast steel. This volume offers a historical perspective on early 20th-century steel manufacturing techniques and their impact on industrial applications.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Routing UAVS to Co-Optimize Mission Effectiveness and Network Performance With Dynamic Programming
In support of the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) vision of the layered sensing operations center, command and control intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (C2ISR) more focus must be placed on architectures that support information systems, rather than just the information systems themselves. By extending the role of UAVs beyond simply intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations and into a dual-role with networking operations we can better utilize our information assets. To achieve the goal of dual-role UAVs, a concrete approach to planning must be taken. This research defines a mathematical model and a non-trivial deterministic algorithmic approach to determining UAV placement to support ad-hoc network capability, while maintaining the valuable service of surveillance activities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Innovative Liner Concepts
The study of normal impedance of perforated plate acoustic liners including the effect of bias flow was studied. Two impedance models were developed by modeling the internal flows of perforate orifices as infinite tubes with the inclusion of end corrections to handle finite length effects. These models assumed incompressible and compressible flows, respectively, between the far field and the perforate orifice. The incompressible model was used to predict impedance results for perforated plates with percent open areas ranging from 5% to 15%. The predicted resistance results showed better agreement with experiments for the higher percent open area samples. The agreement also tended to deteriorate as bias flow was increased. For perforated plates with percent open areas ranging from 1% to 5%, the compressible model was used to predict impedance results. The model predictions were closer to the experimental resistance results for the 2% to 3% open area samples. The predictions tended to deteriorate as bias flow was increased. The reactance results were well predicted by the models for the higher percent open area, but deteriorated as the percent open area was lowered (5%) and bias flow was increased. A fit was done on the incompressible model to the experimental database. The fit was performed using an optimization routine that found the optimal set of multiplication coefficients to the non-dimensional groups that minimized the least squares slope error between predictions and experiments. The result of the fit indicated that terms not associated with bias flow required a greater degree of correction than the terms associated with the bias flow. This model improved agreement with experiments by nearly 15% for the low percent open area (5%) samples when compared to the unfitted model. The fitted model and the unfitted model performed equally well for the higher percent open area (10% and 15%).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modeling and Simulation for Readiness and Capability Assessment
The ability to assess military readiness and capability has been a problem for the Department of Defense, the Congress and military commanders. As recently as the Gulf War readiness reported by some units deploying to the Gulf was, in the words of the General Accounting Office, inflated and unreliable. Inflated and unreliable readiness reporting is a problem for the Department of Defense because it affects budget decisions and long range planning. It is a problem for the Congress because cost versus capability trade-offs are not articulated well. It is a problem for commanders who must depend on these forces in time of war or contingency. The problem exists because there has been no satisfactory objective means of objectively measuring readiness and capability. Objective methods of assessment have relied primarily upon input or resource based measurement tools. Since these provided only partial measures, subjective input was also required and often contradicted the objective data. Even worse, actual capability was sometimes not reflected by either the objective or subjective assessment. Advances in information technology along with the accompanying information explosion have made the use of modeling and simulation for readiness and capability assessment a viable method of assessing not only individual units but entire theaters of operation. These advances will allow the Department of Defense to compare force capability between different units based upon outcome oriented analysis. The ability to compare assessment results from year to year will help the Congress to understand what is purchased with the defense dollar and will allow peacetime exploration of unit and force cost versus readiness and capability tradeoffs. These same advances will allow the commander to objectively explore alternative force mixtures and courses of action prior to committing them with the added advantage that the same information and technology can provide a further step towardachievingThis work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Da Pam 750璽€"1
The United States Army Publishing Directorate is the Army's leader in publishing and delivering informational products worldwide. Their main mission is to supply official authenticated information to enhance the readiness of the total force. Some product topics include: Army Regulations, Engineering Technical Manuals, Administrative Publications, Circulars and Pamphlets. This is one of their documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Rapid Runway Repair
Minimum Operating Strip (MOS) selection determines the exact placement of the MOS on the damaged runway, and therefore, the amount of munitions that need to be neutralized and the amount of damage that will need to be repaired. MOS selection, in essence, is the key determinant of the time required to attain an operational takeoff and recovery surface. Since the MOS selection stage determines the events and scope of work for all of the Rapid Runway Repair (RRR) stages that follow, it could be argued that this is the most important stage in the entire RRR process. The primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the application of a decision analysis methodology for the selection of a MOS during the RRR process. The secondary purpose was to determine the effect of additional considerations on both the MOS selected and the repair time. MOSs selected utilizing the outlined methodology were compared to a MOS selected using the current USAF method. Results showed that additional considerations have an impact on both MOS selection and time to repair. Results also showed that the outlined methodology selected a MOS with a shorter repair time, despite additional damage, than the MOS selected using the current USAF method.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Estimating the Effects of Radio Frequency Identification Tagging Technologies on the Army's War-Time Logistics Network
Some civilian business practices, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, were used for the first time by the Army in a major conflict during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). RFID tags were attached to every container and pallet in all sustainment shipments entering and exiting the area of operations (AOR). Although RFID tagging was somewhat successful during OIF, the logistics network still suffered significant problems, to include lack of asset visibility and ineffective theater distribution. Implementing business practices on the battlefield seems like an easy answer to these problems, but the implementation of RFID tags may or may not easily transition to a military of combat environment. The purpose of this research was to discover if the business practice of using RFID tags to track equipment and supplies could be effectively used in a war-time environment by the Army's logistics network.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Automatic Target Recognition Classification System Evaluation Methodology
This dissertation research makes contributions towards the evaluation of developing Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) technologies through the application of decision analysis (DA) techniques. ATR technology development decisions should rely not only on the measures of performance (MOPs) associated with a given ATR classification system (CS), but also on the expected measures of effectiveness (MOEs) of the potential end product. The purpose of this research is to improve the decision-making process for ATR technology development. The basis of the research is a decision analysis framework that allows decision-makers in the ATR community to synthesize the performance measures, costs, and characteristics of each ATR system with the preferences and values of both the ATR evaluators and the warfighters.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Transforming U.S. Air Force Enlisted Aircraft Maintenance Training
How can the United States Air Force transform the way it trains a new generation of enlisted aircraft maintainers to support modern weapon systems despite a diminishing workforce? Infusing the latest commercial 3-D interactive computer technology into Air Force enlisted maintenance training programs capitalizes on the current generation's inherent technical skills, prepares them to work on advanced aircraft systems and saves scarce resources. From 1996 through 2003 the Air Force Audit Agency evaluated aircraft maintenance training in the Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve and active duty units and found all three require drastic improvements. An analysis of Bloom's Taxonomy on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning domains sets the groundwork for how the proliferation of computer technology improves knowledge, attitude and skills for young aircraft maintainers. The overall result is a transformation from antiquated classrooms used by previous generations to a digital classroom of the future that focuses on existing computer technologies. High-tech, interactive computer systems transform the way a new generation of Airmen learn aircraft systems and maintenance procedures. The Air Force produces a better trained maintenance workforce by slashing classroom time, increasing aircraft system knowledge and fostering greater interest in training.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of a Methanol-Fueled (M85) Turbocharged Nissan Sentra
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Airborne Directed Energy Weapon Applications for Special Operations Forces
The purpose of this research effort is to investigate and analyze high energy laser and high power microwave directed energy technologies that could enhance special operations forces (SOF) warfighting capabilities within the next 10-15 years. The primary objective of this paper is to present an assessment of the potential military utility of these technologies in support of SOF warfighting roles and missions. The intent of this paper is to offer a broad, strategic perspective on the ways in which directed energy technologies could transform the conduct of future special operations missions. Since the end of the Cold War, the Department of Defense (DOD) has embarked upon a number of efforts to reshape America's armed forces to meet a new set of security challenges. The process of re-tooling our armed forces has been an iterative one, and continues today under the banner of "defense transformation." This paper explores the concept of defense transformation, how directed energy technologies align with DOD transformation constructs, and how they might, or might not, support SOF transformation objectives and future warfighting requirements. To do this, operational measures of effectiveness (MOEs) are derived from various DOD, Air Force, and SOF transformation roadmaps, as well as Air Force and USSOCOM concepts of operation. Using these MOEs as a framework for analysis, this paper presents an assessment of the potential military utility and transformational value of directed energy technologies that could, one day, be developed into air-to-ground weapons for use by SOF strike platforms.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Airborne Laser and the Future of Theater Missile Defense
The theater ballistic missile (TBM) problem encountered in the Persian Gulf War revealed an alarming deficiency in US defenses. This paper takes a brief look at the major theater missile defense (TMD) systems in use and under development by the US today. Second, it focuses on the performance of the Army's Patriot defense system in the Gulf War. Finally, the paper offers an in-depth look at the development of the Airborne Laser (ABL) and how it should fit into an overall national structure for TMD. The paper concludes that Patriot performance in the Gulf war was unsatisfactory, not just because of system flaws, but because of the concept of point defense itself. The ABL provides a unique solution to collateral damage inherent in point defense concepts. In addition, the ABL can provide advanced warning to other theater defense systems in the event of a mass launch which could overtax the ABL's capabilities. The paper offers several recommendations for the future direction of TMD. First, phase out point defense completely and channel those funds into development of the other TMD systems which minimize collateral damage to the assets they are intended to protect. Second, expedite development of the ABL as the first line of TMD, backed up by long-range theater systems. Third, continue to develop true theater defense systems; that is, systems which have a range of hundreds of kilometers such as the Navy's Aegis and the Army's THAAD systems, preventing TBMs from getting close to their intended target.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Small and Medium Community Water Systems to Comply With the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
With the success of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Operations Allied Force, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom, many in Congress and DoD are pushing to put more UAV capability on the battlefield of tomorrow. More importantly, the desire is to have these UAVs shift from reconnaissance to offensive combat platforms commonly referred to as UCAVs (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles). UCAV's first mission is Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) and its complementary mission of Electronic Warfare (EW) sometimes referred to as jamming. Early support for these particular missions can be traced to a couple of factors. The first is the need to supplement and eventually replace the current Low Density/High Demand (LD/HD) manned systems such as the F-16CJ for SEAD and the EA-6B for EW. While these assets are limited in quantity, they are also artificially limited in employment capability due to concern for the aircrew in the dangerous environment in which they are forced to operate. This paper investigates the UCAV alternatives, to include sensor and weapon technology, and then recommends a course of action. The challenges of making a UCAV that can do the same job as a manned aircraft cheaper and more effectively will be the key drivers in deciding whether this is the right direction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Minimizing the Risks of Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages
The Air Force faces increasingly difficult challenges to maintain and sustain its highly technical weapon systems, struggling against rapid technology advancement and diminishing lifecycle for electronic systems. The reduced lifecycle times have not only complicated sustainment, the lifecycles have diminished to the point that new military aircraft designs face challenges of obsolescence within the manufacturing cycle, and in some cases before manufacturing even begins. This research project explores Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages (DMSMS) and obsolescence cost associated with electronic avionic components. The overall research question asks how obsolescence management can be improved in the Air Force. This project utilizes two integrated models, the first, to determine electronic avionics demand requirements for a fleet of 96 aircraft over a 30-year period, and the second, to evaluate sustainment cost over time for a) re-engineering strategy, b) lifetime buy strategy, and c) programmed redesign strategy. Statistical analysis and long-term cost comparison of these three strategies will provide a framework to evaluate specific weapon systems for future studies and to develop an attainable low-cost sustainment strategy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Put the Joint Back in the Joint Strike Fighter
Short Takeoff Vertical Land (STOVL) technology existed for high-performance aircraft since the late 1960s, but the United States Air Force (USAF) elected not to acquire a STOVL fighter despite the United States Marine Corp (USMC) and coalition partners such as Great Britain and Italy investing in such fighters. The former Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF) stated the USAF is interested in acquiring a STOVL variant (designated as the F-35B) of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) in addition to the F-35A, the USAF JSF variant.1 To date, the current CSAF has not reversed this decision but this may be due to the absence of a study that clearly states the advantages and disadvantages of the F-35B for the USAF. The USAF still needs a research project to examine this subject and clearly state the pros and cons.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
UFC 4-021-01 Design and O&M
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) documents provide planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. They also apply to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and the Office of the Air Force Civil Engineer are responsible for administration of the UFC system. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Achieving Decision Making Superiority
The USAF is making a commitment to dominate the cyberspace domain in the same manner it dominates the air and space domains. This commitment comes during a time of accelerating growth in technology. If the current acceleration in technology continues, by the year 2025 defending U.S. cyberspace equity will require speed only available through automation of our cyber systems and decision making processes. To fly, fight and win in cyberspace the USAF should prepare for an OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, and act) measured in microseconds. Who will harness the capabilities of the cyber domain and integrate them with existing air and space capabilities? The infrastructure to protect our networks exists, but where is the cadre of cyber warriors (CW) to be educated? The accelerating pace of change in cyber technology brings new capabilities and increased availability for all players from nation states to small terrorist cells and criminals. This paper examines the need for the USAF to combine the specialized skills of CW with tactical genius and a warrior culture in a Cyber Weapons School (CWS).This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Theater Space Warfare
Theater space warfare is emerging from two streams of evolution in military space: the role of space in military operations and the role of the theater in space operations. Indispensable at the strategic level throughout the Cold War, space is now proving indispensable at the operational and tactical level. As the incorporation of space into warfare accelerates over the next decade, the concept of space-enabled warfare puts a premium on access to space and effective integration into joint operations. The role of the theater in space operations is also evolving, from passive consumer to that of an active consumer and producer of space effects. Microsatellites, near-space assets, and adversary satellite jammers all necessitate active theater participation in space operations. Unfortunately, today's joint doctrine has missed this on-going evolution, leaving the US military ill prepared to optimize space across joint operations.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
