Analysis of Different Sensorless Methods for BLDC Motor Drive
One of the main considerations for the sensorless BLDC motor drive is to improve the reliability of the machine. This can be done by using a sensorless technique instead of using hall sensors and thereby increasing the reliability and efficiency of the motor. Sensorless BLDC motor drive can be done by various methods. Although it can be done different methods there are some advantages and disadvantages to each method.
Planning and Control of Expandable Multi-Terminal Vsc-Hvdc Transmission Systems
This book discusses novel methods for planning and coordinating converters when an existing point-to-point (PtP) HVDC link is expanded into a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system. It demonstrates that expanding an existing PtP HVDC link is the best way to build an MTDC system, and is especially a better option than the build-from-scratch approach in cases where several voltage-sourced converter (VSC) HVDC links are already in operation. The book reports in detail on the approaches used to estimate the new steady-state operation limits of the expanded system and examines the factors influencing them, revealing new operation limits in the process. Further, the book explains how to coordinate the converters to stay within the limits after there has been a disturbance in the system. In closing, it describes the current DC grid control concept, including how to implement it in an MTDC system, and introduces a new DC grid control layer, the primary control interface (IFC).
Integrated High-Vin Multi-MHz Converters
This book provides readers with guidelines for designing integrated multi-MHz-switching converters for input voltages/system supplies up to 50V or higher. Coverage includes converter theory, converter architectures, circuit design, efficiency, sizing of passives, technology aspects, etc. The author discusses new circuit designs, new architectures and new switching concepts, including dead-time control and soft-switching techniques that overcome current limitations of these converters. The discussion includes technology related issues and helps readers to choose the right technology for fast-switching converters. This book discusses benefits and drawbacks in terms of integration, size and cost, efficiency and complexity, and enables readers to make trade-offs in design, given different converter parameters. Describes a study for increasing switching frequencies up to 30 MHz at input voltages up to 50V or higher in the scaling of the size of switching converter passives;Analyzes various buck converter implementations and shows that a preference due to higher efficiency depends on the operating point, on the available switch technologies, and on the implementation of the high-side supply generation;Describes an efficiency model based on a four-phase model, which enables separation of loss causes and loss locations.
E-Cargo and Role-Based Collaboration
E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration A model for collaboratively solving complex problems E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration offers a unique guide that explains the nature of collaboration, explores an easy-to-follow process of collaboration, and defines a model to solve complex problems in collaboration and complex systems. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the book initiates the study of an effective collaborative system from a novel perspective. The role-based collaboration (RBC) methodology investigates the most important aspects of a variety of collaborative systems including societal-technical systems. The models and algorithms can also be applied across system engineering, production, and management. The RBC methodology provides insights into complex systems through the use of its core model E-CARGO. The E-CARGO model provides the fundamental components, principles, relationships, and structures for specifying the state, process, and evolution of complex systems. This important book: Contains a set of concepts, models, and algorithms for the analysis, design, implementation, maintenance, and assessment of a complex system Presents computational methods that use roles as a primary underlying mechanism to facilitate collaborative activities including role assignment Explores the RBC methodology that concentrates on the aspects that can be handled by individuals to establish a well-formed team Offers an authoritative book written by a noted expert on the topic Written for researchers and practitioners dealing with complex problems in collaboration systems and technologies, E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration contains a model to solve real world problems with the help of computer-based systems.
Trustworthy Hardware Design: Combinational Logic Locking Techniques
With the popularity of hardware security research, several edited monograms have been published, which aim at summarizing the research in a particular field. Typically, each book chapter is a recompilation of one or more research papers, and the focus is on summarizing the state-of-the-art research. Different from the edited monograms, the chapters in this book are not re-compilations of research papers. The book follows a pedagogical approach. Each chapter has been planned to emphasize the fundamental principles behind the logic locking algorithms and relate concepts to each other using a systematization of knowledge approach. Furthermore, the authors of this book have contributed to this field significantly through numerous fundamental papers.
An Atlas for Large-Area Electronic Skins
Electronic skins are critical for many applications in human-machine-environment interactions. Tactile sensitivity over large areas can be especially applied to prosthetics. Moreover, the potential for wearables, interactive surfaces, and human robotics have propelled research in this area. In this Element, we provide an account and directional atlas of the progress in materials and devices for electronic skins, in the context of sensing principles and skin-like features. Additionally, we give an overview of essential electronic circuits and systems used in large-area tactile sensor arrays. Finally, we present the challenges and provide perspectives on future developments.
Cloud Computing with Security
This book provides readers with an overview of Cloud Computing, starting with historical background on mainframe computers and early networking protocols, leading to current concerns such as hardware and systems security, performance, emerging areas of IoT, Edge Computing etc. Readers will benefit from the in-depth discussion of cloud computing usage and the underlying architectures. The authors explain carefully the "why's and how's" of Cloud Computing, so engineers will find this book an invaluable source of information to the topic. This second edition includes new material on Cloud Computing Security, Threat Vectors and Trust Models, as well as best practices for a using dynamic cloud infrastructure, and cloud operations management. Several new examples and analysis of cloud security have been added, including edge computing with IoT devices.
Nonparametric Bayesian Learning for Collaborative Robot Multimodal Introspection
Introduction to Robot Introspection.- Nonparametric Bayesian Modeling of Multimodal Time Series.- Incremental Learning Robot Complex Task Representation and Identification.- Nonparametric Bayesian Method for Robot Anomaly Monitoring.- Nonparametric Bayesian Method for Robot Anomaly Diagnose.- Learning Policy for Robot Anomaly Recovery based on Robot.
AI Based Robot Safe Learning and Control
This open access book mainly focuses on the safe control of robot manipulators. The control schemes are mainly developed based on dynamic neural network, which is an important theoretical branch of deep reinforcement learning. In order to enhance the safety performance of robot systems, the control strategies include adaptive tracking control for robots with model uncertainties, compliance control in uncertain environments, obstacle avoidance in dynamic workspace. The idea for this book on solving safe control of robot arms was conceived during the industrial applications and the research discussion in the laboratory. Most of the materials in this book are derived from the authors' papers published in journals, such as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, neurocomputing, etc. This book can be used as a reference book for researcher and designer of the robotic systems and AI based controllers, and can also be used as a reference book for senior undergraduateand graduate students in colleges and universities.
Design and Selection of Components for Organic Rankine Cycle
For the industrially developing country like India it is important to use the waste heat from the industries and convert it into useful energy. By using the low grade waste heat sources it is impossible to convert water into its superheated stage. To avail superheated vapour at low temperatures one should go with the refrigerants, which evaporates and condenses at much low temperature than water. The main purpose of this book is to suggest the method for finding the suitable refrigerant for the process, with the parameters of turbine inlet temperature and outlet pressure and pump exit pressure. This book details the design and selection of components for the fabrication of an experimental setup to accomplish the objectives of developing 2.5 kW Organic Rankine Cycle based system.
Cyber-Physical Systems: A Model-Based Approach
In this concise yet comprehensive Open Access textbook, future inventors are introduced to the key concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Using modeling as a way to develop deeper understanding of the computational and physical components of these systems, one can express new designs in a way that facilitates their simulation, visualization, and analysis. Concepts are introduced in a cross-disciplinary way. Leveraging hybrid (continuous/discrete) systems as a unifying framework and Acumen as a modeling environment, the book bridges the conceptual gap in modeling skills needed for physical systems on the one hand and computational systems on the other. In doing so, the book gives the reader the modeling and design skills they need to build smart, IT-enabled products. Starting with a look at various examples and characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems, the book progresses to explain how the area brings together several previously distinct ones such as Embedded Systems, Control Theory, and Mechatronics. Featuring a simulation-based project that focuses on a robotics problem (how to design a robot that can play ping-pong) as a useful example of a CPS domain, Cyber-Physical Systems: A Model-Based Approach demonstrates the intimate coupling between cyber and physical components, and how designing robots reveals several non-trivial control problems, significant embedded and real-time computation requirements, and a need to consider issues of communication and preconceptions.
Phase Locked LOOP
The phase locked loop is most commonly used circuit in modern communication system. The concept of PLL was first developed in 1930. Since then it is used to generate, modulate, stabilized, demodulate and to recover a signal from noise in communication system. PLL is widely used in radio frequency synthesis.The phase noise and jitter effects the different building blocks of PLLs which causes instability to the system. The noise performance of the PLL outside the loop is totally depends on voltage controlled oscillator performance. The VCO is an Oscillator which contributes small random perturbation in the phase of the signal. In PLL, the bandwidth of the loop filter is an important factor in controlling the capture range as well as in reducing the noise.In PLL it is most challenging task to design a LF which remain stable and do not produce unwanted high frequency spurious oscillations.
Digital Transformation in Semiconductor Manufacturing
A holistic digital twin based on Semantic Web technologies to accelerate digitalization.- Framework for Simulation-based Decision Making in Semiconductor Value Chains.- Digital Twin for Plan and Make Using Semantic Web Technologies - Extending the JESSI/SEMATECH MIMAC Standard to the Digital Reference.- Enhancing Prediction Quality of Fab Simulation by advanced Cycle Time modelling.- Visualization of Automated Material Handling System Components in Semiconductor Industry over the Lifecycle .
Europe’s Colourful Telephone Family
An illustrated book on analogue telephones of Europe and furthermore, with articles from all over the world.
CFD Analysis on a Plate Type Heat Exchanger for Waste Heat Recovery
In the commercial vapour absorption refrigeration system a heating coil generator system is usually employed to vaporize the ammonia refrigerant. In this book work, the theoretical investigations were presented by replacing the heating coil generator system with the frame plate type heat exchanger. By the way, the exhaust gases from the IC engine have been utilized to vaporize the ammonia refrigerant. The available heat in the exhaust gases was estimated based on actual IC Engine driving cycles. The frame plate type heat exchanger has been modeled and flow analysis inside the heat exchanger was conducted with the help of CFD packages. In addition, the recoverable energy of the exhaust gases was analyzed for the representative IC Engine.
Image Compression Techniques Using MATLAB
This book is designed for the researchers and students, who want to do in-depth study and research of lossy, lossless and hybrid digital image compression techniques in very lucid manner. This book is best for the beginner of MATLAB because at the end of book there are various authentic examples are given for different operations of digital image processing like filtering, enhancement and compression. This books provides MATLAB code from easiest to toughest direction. Therefore every reader can enjoy compression techniques along with MATLAB in very easy and practical manner. It also includes in-depth explanation of various transfoms along with practical exposure.
2G/3G/4G/5G mobile network KPIs optimization
5G networks will offer an unprecedented leap in bandwidth speeds in comparison to previous mobile networks. For example, downlink peak data throughput could reach 20 Gbps; while uplink peak data rates could be as high as 10 Gbps. 5G will also reduce latency and improve overall network efficiency. Streamlining network architectures will deliver end-to-end latency requirements of less than 1 ms.This will allow 5G to offer ultra-reliable low-latency communication for machine-to-machine applications.RF capacity management and optimization is an important part of the network performances of the future. Technically, 5G mobile network is expected to enable people-thing and thing-thing interconnections by combining communication technologies and networks. Our Lab has been actively promoting research on 4G & 5G performances, in which the RF Capacity management issue is of great interest. New 4G and 5G tests put forward a lot of requirements for RF network performances in terms of Network performances, Quality of Service, as well as user experience.
Advances in PWM Inverter
The evolution of power device technology and the development of large integrated circuits in the recent years have paved the way for the modern fast switching PWM technique for DC-AC power conservation. One of the standard PWM technique is the space-vector-modulation (SVM)technique utilized for DC-AC power conservation, the solution to have harmonic free mitigation in high power converter. Instead of having a continuous pulse as in classical square wave inverter, multiple pulses in the output can have control over harmonic content and the rms value of thevoltage across the load. SVPWM is based on the space vector representation of voltage in the d, q plane. The DQ transformation is a transformation of coordinate from three-phase stationary coordinate system to the dq rotating coordinate system. This transformation is made in two step:1: - A transformation from the three-phase stationary coordinate system to the two- phase, socalled αβ, stationary coordinate system and2: - A transformation from the αβ stationary coordinate system to the dq rotating coordinate system.The dq component are fond by Park transform, where the total power, as well as the impedance, remain unchan
Solar Water Heating System (SWHS) in Iraq via Trnsys Simulation
In cold dry climates, due to the high demand for hot water during winter and the abundance of solar radiation, Solar Water Heating System is a promising approach to reduce the energy consumption and negative environmental impact of buildings. The objective of this research is to model and verify a direct solar water heating system in Baghdad, Iraq using TRNSYS software. This research focuses on a system of production domestic hot water for orphanage located in Baghdad and occupied by 25 persons. This is achieved by using 10 m2 of a flat plate collector and 600 liters storage tank. This system also is analyzed with an auxiliary fuel sources (electricity). SDHW system performance is evaluated against conventional DHW system performance in terms of energy and economics. Long term system performance is estimated by using TRNSYS model run with the weather values of TMY file for Baghdad, Iraq. The maximum auxiliary energy was needed during the months of December (about 1025 MJ/month) and February (about 1000 MJ/month). While the annual solar fraction obtained was 69% and the system cover the hot water needs during the cold months with the help of auxiliary electric heater.
Avionics Systems Safety & Certification Guidelines
The objective of this book is to provide understanding of how this safety analysis is evaluated in the aviation industry, and how critical safety engineering is. The guidance of how safety needs to perform for airborne systems is provided by the Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 4761 "Guidelines and Methods for conducting the safety assessment process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment" which each supplier has their own unique flavor of interpretation. This book discusses the basics of Systems Safety, compliance with System Safety Standards of Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 4761 and ARP4754A.
Waveguide Array antennas design for Radar Applications
The book begins with an introduction that discusses the fundamental concepts and principles that governs in the field of antennas. This book covers analysis, design and measurements of slot antennas and analysis of arrays of conventional slots are reported. The synthesis of arrays of slots are wave guides or waveguide junctions or slot coupled waveguide radiators are presented. Various optimization methods based on evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence pattern syntheses to optimize the beam patterns are discussed. Linear arrays of the E-H junctions are designed in order to produce low side lobe narrow beams.
Multilevel STATCOM Model for Reactive Power Compensation
This book deals with the design and implementation of a multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and employing an effective modulation control technique simulated in a MATLAB Simulink environment for triggering the switches of the VSC (PWM). A MATLAB program has been developed to simulate the system operation and various simulation results are presented under different conditions. The main objective of this book is to maintain the voltage stability by compensating the reactive power in the power system. Hence, a new method used to reduce the voltage fluctuations like sag and swell conditions and also to isolate current and voltage harmonics in the transmission system. The multilevel STATCOM, which can be used at the point of common coupling (PCC). The performance is compared by applying it to 110 kV transmission line with and without STATCOM. The reactive power compensation is chosen to improve the performance of the AC system. The compensation achieved by using two types of STATCOM: nine levels STATCOM and twenty seven levels STATCOM. At the end, there is a comparative study between them.
Network -On-Chip (NOC) Design Using FPGA Technology
NoC is new paradigm for System-on-chip (SoC) design. NoC based system accommodate multiple asynchronous clocking that many of today's complex SoC design use.The NoC solutions bring a Networking method on-chip communication and claim roughly a performance increases over conventional bus system. As a systematic approach, Network-on-Chip (NoC) called also Network-on-Silicon, proposes networks as a scalable, reusable and global communication architecture to overcome the pains of future System-on-Chip.The idea of NoC is derived from large-scale computer networks and distributed computing. However, the routing techniques for NoC have some unique design considerations besides low latency and high throughput. Due to tight constraints on memory and computing resources, the routing techniques for NoC should be reasonably simple. Several switch architectures have been developed for NoC employing XY output selection and wormhole routing.NoC is a layered approach for on-chip communication design proposed in literature to cope with issues of current SoC architectures. A scalable communication infrastructure that better supports the trend of SoC integration consists of an on-chip packet-swit.
Design and study of Antenna Beam Forming
The radiation pattern (or) directional pattern is one of the most desirable characteristics of antennas in all communication and radar applications. The directional pattern of an antenna plays virtual role in selecting an antenna for a specific application. According to user defined application, the radiation pattern shapes are numerous in number. The work reported in the literature is not optimum for a given application. For example very narrow beams are required for application like high angular resolution radars; very wide beams are useful for search radar applications. However, when it is desired to receive or transmit signals over a wideband of frequencies, the problem of widebanding a sensor array arises, because the beamwidth of a linear array decreases as the frequency increases. It is evident from the open literature no studies are made on the design of array antennas for the generation of wideband beams using fractional Fourier Transform. In view of this intensive investigations are carried out in order to produce useful wide band beams.
Design Of Low Noise, Narrow And Wideband Amplifier
Design of LNA at the 1 Ghz frequency i.e L band application is quite different from the fundamentals of design of Normal Amplifier. For essential of Microwave Amplifier Design first step is biasing of the transistor for the area of interest frequency so we need to design the biasing network of the transistor and there is also consideration of the S parameter and Noise Parameter analysis while settling the q point of the transistor so it is much tedious and time taking process so nowadays here there is a facility of S parameter file i.e S2P file in which all the data of S parameter and Noise Parameter is included with Q Point of the Transistor and so we can directly apply input matching and output matching circuit and simulate the results so here we are using the same concept of S2P file model of different RF BJT and we can design the LNA for the desired frequency. Design methodology of LNA is based on the S2P file method and we can fill that by using RF BJT BFU710F we get the competent results for the frequency range of 1Ghz. Here we can choose another RF BJT BFU910F which is also one of the authenticate RF Product from the NXP SEMICONDUCTOR (PHILIPS).
A Study on DFIG Wind Power Generation Modeling
This book is about the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine usage. Nowadays it is used largely for the generation of electricity. Although there are many kinds of wind turbines used in power generation, the most prominent and environmentally friendly is the DFIG wind Turbine. Nowadays everyone is going towards renewable and green energy sources due to limitation of natural resources. The electrical energy consumption is rising globally, due to which the demand for electricity is increasing everywhere. The renewable energy units are being integrated to power system in large scale to fulfill the demands of electrical power. Therefore renewable sources for power generation are in demand. In this work we will discuss about the wind power generation by DFIG Wind turbine method.
A Transient Study on Heat Dissipation Problem in Microelectronics
The concern about thermal performance of microelectronics is on the increase due to recent over-heating induced failures which have led to product recalls. Removal of excess heat from microelectronic systems with the use of heat sinks could improve thermal efficiency of the system. Challenges posed for the modeling of thermal phenomena in microelectronics from optimizing IC packaging thermal performance, assembly processes and reliability testing to predicting operational temperature in application environments. Precise thermal analysis is essential for designing an effective thermal management system of modern electronic devices such as batteries, LEDs, microelectronics, ICs, circuit boards, semiconductors and heat spreaders. The need for smaller, faster and lighter products has put considerable demands on the thermal management of microelectronics. This paper outlines the issues in thermal management of consumer and aerospace electronics. Some typical solutions for complex high-end systems are presented. The role of the thermal interface material is a key to the thermal management of high performance consumer electronics.
A High Gain DC-DC Converter with Soft Switching for Inverter with Grid
A DC-DC converter with a high step-up voltage gain is used for many applications, such as high-intensity discharge lamp ballasts for automobile head lamps, fuel cell energy conversion systems, solar-cell energy conversion systems and battery backup systems for uninterruptible power supplies. Theoretically, a dc-dc boost converter can achieve a high step-up voltage gain with an extremely high duty ratio. However, in practice, the step-up voltage gain is limited due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes and the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of inductors and capacitors.
Design of Corrugated Circular Horns
This work is a summary of a research work. The author explains how is it possible design corrugated circular horns in a easy way using few formulas and concepts. These formulas are sufficient unless the design constraints of the project are very strict, such as radio astronomy applications. In this latter case optimization of the parameters is necessary using some kind of algorithm or mathematical method. An example of application for ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array), Chile, is showed.
Fundamentals of Power Electronics
Fundamentals of Power Electronics is intended for use in introductory power electronics courses and related fields for undergraduate students interested in converter circuits and electronics. This book brings an up-to-date and authoritative text and reference book on power electronics. This edition retains the original objective and philosophy of focusing on the fundamental principles, models, and technical requirements needed for designing practical power electronic systems while adding a wealth of new material.
Vibrational Analysis of Composite Vanes in Low Compressor Turbine
In any gas turbine design cycle, blade design is a crucial element which needs maximum attention to meet the aerodynamic performance, structural safety margins, manufacturing feasibility, material availability etc. In present day gas turbine engines, most of the failures occur during engine development test and in-service, in rotor and stator blades due to fatigue and resonance failures. To address this issue, an extensive structural dynamic analysis is carried out to predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes using FE methods. Using the dynamics characteristics, the Campbell diagram is constructed to study the possibility of resonance at various operating speeds. In any rotating machinery, blade natural frequencies vary due to the centrifugal force and temperature over the speed range and it needs to be predicted accurately at design stages itself. At present, titanium alloy is used extensively for the blades which meet the structural requirements such as strength-weight ratio, manufacturing requirements and so on. In any aero gas turbine, weight reduction is of top priority with satisfactory structural reliability through extensive analysis and testing.
Waste-to-Energy coupling sector in MENA Region
This is an attempt to highlighting this technology to be harvested in Middle East North Africa region, it is sometimes surprising if you know that there is no any waste incineration facility at this very important and vital spot of the world. Depending on the available data and analysis, it was evaluated that the average daily waste generation per capita in the region around 1-1.5 kg/day, around 400 million people are living there, taking into account the average heat content of the waste around 7 MJ/kg in this case we have more than 3 million GJ of Energy. For many decades till now this region supplying the world with energy, let us imagining if this amount of waste considered as a source of fuel and converted to useful kinds of power by waste incineration then the direct connection between the economic conditions and the oil prices would be reduced and a new era will begin, especially if the renewable energy systems also embedded.
Signal Denoising Techniques for Radar Target Detection
Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging. An object detection system that transmits electromagnetic waves and analyses the echoes coming from the objects. Radar can operate in any weather conditions (e.g. darkness, fog, rain). Radar can perform its function at short and long ranges. Radar can provide measurements in high accuracy. Radar signal processing can be defined as the manipulation of the received signal, represented in digital format, to extract the desired information whilst rejecting unwanted signals. In particular, a surveillance radar takes a decision about the presence or absence of targets whilst cancelling radar echoes caused by ground clutter, radio frequency interference and noise source.
Biogas Production and Application Process
Conventional Energy resources are exploited without any concern for nature. Soon these sources will get exhausted. Thus there is a need to development non-conventional and renewable energy resources which could be a reliable source for energy. Biogas technology is one the sustainable and Eco-friendly alternative. It consumes agricultural, domestic, industrial and municipal waste and in return provides methane gas which is capable of burning. Digested Sludge from biogas unit also serves as organic manure for growing crops. Biogas technology is also adapted for power generation and as bio-fuel in automobiles. This technology needs further boost from state and national civil authorities to gain its additional benefits.
Hybrid system Modelling of renewable energy sources
In this book hybrid systems are studied and explained one by one with number of presented simulation results . Firstly we observe result of hybrid system and observe result of Stability analysis and proposed power management strategies using Homer Hybrid optimization Model of renewable energy resources. Hybrid Systems are found to be primarily exponentially increasing more penetration of renewable energy sources with availability and reduce burden on capital cost. The optimum and simulation values are observed on the basis of monthly data of wind and hydro. in case of MATLAB simulation hydro is more stable than wind, but in homer hydro cost is 22170$ and wind net present cost is 22000$. Instillation cost of wind is more than that of hydro power system later its proves to be very cheap.
Control Performance Assessment: Theoretical Analyses and Industrial Practice
Does control quality matter?.- Step response indexes.- Basic data-based measures.- Statistical measures.- Model-based measures.- Frequency based methods.- Alternative indexes.- Business Key Performance Indicators - KPIs.- Control improvement benefit estimation.- Simulation setup.- PID single element control.- MIMO PID based control.- Industrial simulated examples.- MPC control examples.- CPA industrial applications.- Control Feasibility Study.
Digital Circuit Simulation Using Excel
This book develops techniques for simulating digital logic circuits in Microsoft's Excel that provide a useful tool to both the student and the practicing engineer. It introduces the subject by showing how logic devices, taken from the standard 7400 family, can be modeled and stored in a library. These functions can then be combined by the user as building blocks to design more complex circuits, both combinatorial and sequential. The simulations not only allow the designs to be verified to ensure they provide expected outputs and states, but can also perform detailed timing analysis. Worst case timing conditions can be imposed to stress the circuits so that the resultant behavior can be observed. Methods showing how the user can add additional devices to the simulation library are also covered.
Manual of Digital Earth
Understanding Digital Earth.- Part I Digital Earth Technologies.- Digital Earth Platforms.- Remote Sensing.- Satellites for Digital Earth.- Satellite Navigation for Digital Earth.- Geospatial Information Infrastructures.- Geospatial Information Processing Technologies.- Geospatial Information Visualization and Extended Reality Displays.- Transformation in Scale for Continuous Zooming.- Big Data and Cloud Computing.- Artificial Intelligence.- Internet of Things.- Social Media and Social Awareness.- Part II Digital Earth for Multi-domain Applications.- Digital Earth for Sustainable Development Goals.- Digital Earth for Climate Change Research.- Digital Earth for Disaster Mitigation Research.- Digital City: An Urban Perspective on Digital Earth.- Digital Heritage.- Citizen Science in Support of Digital Earth.- The Economic Value of Digital Earth.- Part III Digital Earth Regional & National Development.- Digital Earth in Europe.- Digital Earth in Australia.- Digital Earth in China.- Digital Earth in Russia.- Part IV Digital Earth Education and Ethics.- Digital Earth Education.- Digital Earth Ethics.
Recent Advances in Modeling, Analysis and Systems Control: Theoretical Aspects and Applications
Nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems by Topological degree.- On some class of quasilinear elliptic systems with weak monotonicity.- A sub-supersolutions method for a class of weighted (p(: );q(: )) Laplacian systems.- Boundary Regional Controllability of Linear Boolean Cellular Automata using Markov chain.- Fuzzy solutions for impulsive evolution equations.- Regional strong stabilization and robustness optimal control of semilinear systems.- Solving generalized fractional Schrodinger's equation by mean generalized fixed point.- Relaxed controllability for parabolic linear systems using RHUM approach.- A New Mathematical Model for the Efficiency Calculation.- Minimum energy control of fractional linear systems using Caputo-Fabrizio derivative.- Parametric identification of the dynamics of inter-sectoral balance: modelling and forecasting.- Ekeland's variational principle for the fractional p(x)-Laplacian operator.- Observer-based tracking control design for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems.- On the output stabilization for a class of infinite dimensional bilinear systems.- Bilinear boundary control problem of an output of parabolic systems.- Optimal Control of a Parabolic Trough Receiver Distributed Model.- Strong and exponential stabilization for a class of second order semilinear systems.- On the fractional output stabilization for a class of infinite dimensional linear systems.- Regional boundary observability with constraints on the state of semilinear parabolic syste
A Journey of Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems
This Open Access book celebrates Professor Peter Marwedel's outstanding achievements in compilers, embedded systems, and cyber-physical systems. The contributions in the book summarize the content of invited lectures given at the workshop "Embedded Systems" held at the Technical University Dortmund in early July 2019 in honor of Professor Marwedel's seventieth birthday.Provides a comprehensive view from leading researchers with respect to the past, present, and future of the design of embedded and cyber-physical systems;Discusses challenges and (potential) solutions from theoreticians and practitioners on modeling, design, analysis, and optimization for embedded and cyber-physical systems;Includes coverage of model verification, communication, software runtime systems, operating systems and real-time computing.
Algorithms for Efficient and Fast 3d-Hevc Depth Map Encoding
This book describes and analyzes in detail the encoding effort and the encoding tool usage applied to 3D-HEVC depth map coding. Based on the analyzed information, the authors introduce efficient algorithms for accelerating the available encoding tools. The contributions discussed in this book include four algorithms for reducing intra-frame encoding effort and three algorithms for reducing inter-frame encoding effort. The presented results demonstrate several levels of encoding effort reduction with different impacts in the encoding efficiency, surpassing state-of-the-art solutions by more than 50% the encoding effort with only 0.3% encoding efficiency loss.
Reinforcement Learning of Bimanual Robot Skills
This book tackles all the stages and mechanisms involved in the learning of manipulation tasks by bimanual robots in unstructured settings, as it can be the task of folding clothes. The first part describes how to build an integrated system, capable of properly handling the kinematics and dynamics of the robot along the learning process. It proposes practical enhancements to closed-loop inverse kinematics for redundant robots, a procedure to position the two arms to maximize workspace manipulability, and a dynamic model together with a disturbance observer to achieve compliant control and safe robot behavior. In the second part, methods for robot motion learning based on movement primitives and direct policy search algorithms are presented. To improve sampling efficiency and accelerate learning without deteriorating solution quality, techniques for dimensionality reduction, for exploiting low-performing samples, and for contextualization and adaptability to changingsituations are proposed. In sum, the reader will find in this comprehensive exposition the relevant knowledge in different areas required to build a complete framework for model-free, compliant, coordinated robot motion learning.
Brain and Human Body Modeling
This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book's coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology's safety and efficacy in a timely manner.Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models;Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations;Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical;Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields.
Ultrasound Energy and Data Transfer for Medical Implants
This book presents new systems and circuits for implantable biomedical applications, using a non-conventional way to transmit energy and data via ultrasound. The authors discuses the main constrains (e.g. implant size, battery recharge time, data rate, accuracy of the acoustic models) from the definition of the ultrasound system specification to the in-vitro validation.The system described meets the safety requirements for ultrasound exposure limits in diagnostic ultrasound applications, according to FDA regulations. Readers will see how the novel design of power management architecture will meet the constraints set by FDA regulations for maximum energy exposure in the human body. Coverage also includes the choice of the acoustic transducer, driven by optimum positioning and size of the implanted medical device. Throughout the book, links between physics, electronics and medical aspects are covered to give a complete view of the ultrasound system described.Provides a complete, system-level perspective on the use of ultrasound as energy source for medical implants;Discusses system design concerns regarding wireless power transmission and wireless data communication, particularly for a system in which both are performed on the same channel/frequency;Describes an experimental study on implantable battery powered biomedical systems;Presents a fully-integrated, implantable system and hermetically sealed packaging.
Memristor Emulator Circuits
Introduces readers to memristor emulator circuit design, using regular off-the-shelf circuit components Describes analog applications of memristors that can be verified by the proposed emulator circuits Includes a brief overview of the updated mathematical models of the memristor device, with different material implementations Equips readers to understand the three fingerprints of memristors, which make them unique, compared to the three known, passive elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor)
Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Protocols for Discrete Multi-Agent System
This book presents few novel Discrete-time Sliding Mode (DSM) protocols for leader-following consensus of Discrete Multi-Agent Systems (DMASs). The protocols intend to achieve the consensus in finite time steps and also tackle the corresponding uncertainties. Based on the communication graph topology of multi-agent systems, the protocols are divided into two groups, namely (i) Fixed graph topology and (ii) Switching graph topology. The coverage begins with the design of Discrete-time Sliding Mode (DSM) protocols using Gao's reaching law and power rate reaching law for the synchronization of linear DMASs by using the exchange of information between the agents and the leader to achieve a common goal. Then, in a subsequent chapter, analysis for no. of fixed-time steps required for the leader-following consensus is presented. The book also includes chapters on the design of Discrete-time Higher-order Sliding Mode (DHSM) protocols, Event-triggered DSM protocols for the leader-following consensus of DMASs. A chapter is also included on the design of DHSM protocols for leader-following consensus of heterogeneous DMASs.Special emphasis is given to the practical implementation of each proposed DSM protocol for achieving leader-following consensus of helicopter systems, flexible joint robotic arms, and rigid joint robotic arms. This book offers a ready reference guide for graduate students and researchers working in the areas of control, automation, and communication engineering, and in particular the cooperative control of multi-agent systems. It will also benefit professional engineers working to design and implement robust controllers for power systems, autonomous vehicles, military surveillance, smartgrids/microgrids, vehicle traffic management, robotic teams, and aerial robots.
Embedded System Design
A unique feature of this open access textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This fourth edition has been updated andrevised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of things (IoT), the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.
Applied Principles of Electrical Engineering
An engineering discipline, which is concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism, is called electrical engineering. Various fields that fall under the domain of electrical engineering include computer engineering, electronics, control systems, signal processing, digital computers, etc. An important sub-field of electrical engineering is power engineering. It is concerned with the generation, distribution and transmission of electricity, along with the design of a range of related devices. These include electric motors, electric generators, transformers and power electronics. The field of telecommunication focuses on the transmission of information across a communication channel such as free space, coax cable and optical fiber. The information has to be encoded in a carrier signal to transfer it to a carrier frequency that is suitable for transmission. The use of nanotechnology in electrical engineering has resulted in the production of nanoelectronics. It covers a diverse set of devices and materials such as one-dimensional nanotubes or nanowires and advanced molecular electronics. The various sub-fields of electrical engineering along with the technological progress that has future implications are glanced at in this book. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.
