Handbook of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Management
Handbook of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Management provides an evidence-based practical guide for clinicians and practitioners who treat cancer patients with these challenging and innovative techniques. The handbook begins with chapters on autologous transplantation for myeloma and lymphoma and allogenic transplantation for leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Further chapters cover the standards of care for managing adverse events related to acute graft-versus-host disease, chronic graft-versus-host disease, infections of bacterial, fungal, and viral nature, lymphoproliferative disease, pulmonary complications, renal complications, and more clinical issues. Concluding chapters address new CAR T-cell therapies, including their mechanisms of action, indications, and unique associated toxicities, in addition to a chapter dedicated to biostatistics and clinical trials. Throughout the book, extensive tables, flow diagrams, and other figures highlight, simplify, and illustrate key concepts.Written by experienced clinicians at the world-renowned Dana Farber Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston as well as leading experts at other institutions, this stem cell transplantation handbook combines the clinical knowledge, expertise and practical application of these potential life-saving cell therapies in one quick, point-of-care reference. With real-world clinical vignettes interwoven among the chapters, this handbook is an essential resource for anyone managing patients being treated with stem cell transplantation or cellular therapies.Key Features: Provides latest insights and recommendations for managing challenging treatment complications and adverse eventsConsolidates key information such as diagnosis criteria, disease staging, common complications, and more using detailed tables and diagramsShares real-world clinical vignette examples, which provide insight into clinical assessment, treatment, and managementEmphasizes patient management and best practicesDiscusses short- and long-term risks for stem cell transplantation and cellular therapyPurchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers
Ern瓣hrungsmedizin in Der Gastroenterologie
Wohl kaum einem anderen Fach steht die Ern瓣hrungsmedizin n瓣her als der Gastroenterologie, die sich seit je her mit den Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten befasst. Die moderne Ern瓣hrungsmedizin hat sich von der heute angestaubt anmutenden Di瓣tetik zum wissenschaftlich begr羹ndeten "metabolic management" entwickelt. In diesem Sinne ist sie integraler Bestandteil im Verst瓣ndnis und in der Behandlung vieler gastroenterologischer Erkrankungen.
Urology: A Case-Based Approach
Urology is a field of medicine which focuses on the medical and surgical management of the diseases of the urinary tract system and the disorders of the male reproductive organs. The organs studied under the domain of urology include the adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, penis, prostate, testes, etc. The urinary and reproductive systems are closely associated. Therefore, a number of disorders managed in urology also exist under the scope of genitourinary disorders. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary tract infections can be treated non-surgically. However for the treatment of bladder or prostate cancer, stress incontinence, congenital abnormalities, kidney stones, etc., surgery is generally considered an effective strategy. Urological procedures can be minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, or laser-assisted surgeries. Equipment such as ultrasound and lasers, and fiber-optic endoscopic equipment aid in these procedures. Some of the subspecialties of urology are urologic oncology, endourology, reconstructive urologic surgery, pediatric urologic surgery, etc. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of urology. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of urology. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.
Osteosarcoma: Evaluation and Treatment
An osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm, which arises in the bone. It tends to affect the knee, hip, shoulder and jaw. It commonly occurs in teenagers and young adults. Its symptoms can comprise of intermittent pain of varying intensity particularly at night, pain in the lower femur, localized swelling, abnormal fracture, etc. Some of the risk factors for developing osteosarcoma are bone dysplasias, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome and exposure to large doses of Sr-90. This condition can be diagnosed using a combination of scans such as bone scan, MRI, CT scan and PET scan, and a surgical biopsy. A complete surgical resection of the cancer is the best treatment strategy. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches in the evaluation and treatment of osteosarcoma. It unfolds the innovative aspects of osteosarcoma research, which will be crucial for the progress of oncology in the future. For all readers who are interested in oncology, the case studies included herein will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.
Understanding Meniere's Disease
Meniere's disease refers to a condition in which an individual experiences recurring episodes of hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and a feeling of fullness in the ears. The time period between these episodes varies. Hypersensitivity to sounds is a common symptom of Meniere's disease. Initially, only one ear may be affected but over time, both the ears may be affected. The cause of Meniere's disease is still unknown, however it is believed to be a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Its diagnosis is based on a review of the symptoms and their frequency. The presence or absence of hypersensitivity can be determined by measuring loudness discomfort levels. There is no determining cure for the management of this disorder, however with physical therapy, diet, counseling, medications and surgery, it can be reasonably managed. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the management of Meniere's disease. It strives to provide a fair idea about the latest advances in the diagnosis of this condition. Scientists and students actively engaged in otolaryngology will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.
The Role of Hypoxia in Human Health and DiseaseTheRole of Hypoxia in Human Health and Dise
The condition characterized by an inadequate supply of oxygen, at the level of tissues, in a region of the body is termed as hypoxia. This can arise due to decreased partial pressures of oxygen, insufficient available hemoglobin, and problems with the diffusion of oxygen in the lungs, breathing rhythm and blood flow. It may be classified as generalized or local. Generalized hypoxia can happen when people ascend to high altitudes, leading to potentially fatal consequences including high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema. It can also occur when individuals breathe in a mixture of gases with low oxygen content. Hypoxia is a common complication of premature births when the lungs are not fully formed. Within minutes after the symptoms of hypoxia have set in, the brain, liver and other vital organs can be damaged. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the understanding of the role of hypoxia in human health and disease. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to this medical condition. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
Colorectal Cancer: Assessment, Detection and Treatment
Colorectal cancer or colon cancer is the cancer that arises in the epithelial cells lining the rectum or colon. The symptoms of this cancer depend on the location and spread of the tumor. Some of the common signs of this disease are blood in the stool, loss of weight and appetite, worsening constipation, decrease in stool caliber, etc. Certain factors are associated with higher risks in the incidence of this cancer such as high fat intake, alcohol, red meat, obesity, smoking, processed meats and lack of physical exercise. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer is usually based on colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy results. A CT scan of the pelvis, abdomen and chest can detect metastases of the cancer. When discovered early, colorectal cancer is usually targeted with surgery, but in its later stages, treatment is aimed at palliation and reduction of symptoms. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are some therapies used for treating colorectal cancer. This book attempts to understand the clinical aspects associated with the assessment, detection and treatment of colorectal cancer and how such concepts have practical applications. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of oncology are examined in detail. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Recent Developments in Gastroenterology
The human gastrointestinal system can be affected by infections, inflammation and cancer. The most common disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is gastroenteritis. Pathogens such as bacteria can induce gastroenteritis due to inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. The use of antibiotics reduces the microbiome diversity of the GI tract, which further aggravates the inflammatory response. Ileitis and colitis are two inflammatory conditions of the ileum and large intestine respectively. Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, which can be potentially fatal if left untreated. Gastrointestinal cancer can also occur at different areas of the GI tract, such as esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, tongue cancer, mouth cancer, stomach cancer, etc. The field of medicine concerned with the treatment and management of such disorders is known as gastroenterology. Various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are inherent to the field of gastroenterology, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, colonoscopy, endoscopy, liver biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of gastroenterology. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of gastroenterology and the recent researches in this field. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.
Medical Oncology
The branch of medicine that involves the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer is known as oncology. Medical oncology, surgical oncology and radiation oncology are the three main divisions of oncology. Medical oncology is a mode of treatment of cancer through hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It is mostly used in conjunction with radiation oncology and surgical oncology. Hormonal therapy is a cancer treatment that reduces or blocks the amount of hormones in the body to slow or stop the growth of cancer that uses hormones to grow. In chemotherapy treatment, drugs are used to destroy the cancer cells. Targeted therapy treatment also involves the use of drugs. It focuses on restricting the spread of cancer to other organs. Immunotherapy treatment activates the immune cells to fight against the cancer cells. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It presents the complex subject of medical oncology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.
Handbook of Hematology and Oncology
Hematology is the branch of medicine that delves on the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. Such diseases include hemophilia, blood clots, other bleeding disorders and blood cancers such as lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma. These diseases affect the production of blood and its components such as hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow, blood vessels, blood cells, etc. Oncology is a branch of medicine that involves the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Blood cancer is caused when tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues or lymphoid malignancies affect the blood, lymph, lymphatic system and bone marrow. Bleeding manifestations such as blood vomiting, bleeding gums, bloodstained urine, etc. are some common symptoms of blood cancer. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the fields of hematology and oncology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance have been included in it. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with these fields of study will benefit alike from this book.
Liver Fibrosis: Clinical Perspectives
Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition of the liver that occurs due to chronic damage to the liver along with the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins act to form a fibrous scar. Such liver injury is caused due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol abuse. Besides these, hepatitis B infection, primary sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and cholangitis may also contribute to liver fibrosis. With time, as the liver becomes more scarred, a condition known as cirrhosis sets in. The progression of fibrosis is usually stealthy with minor symptoms, such as appetite loss, fluid buildup in legs or stomach, nausea, jaundice, etc. This progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis can take close to 15-20 years and is largely determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Various complications such as renal failure, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and variceal bleeding may occur. It is usually detected at an advanced stage. The underlying cause of the fibrosis can be usually treated. Different antifibrotics may be prescribed to reduce scarring. In its advanced stage, the only treatment modality available is a liver transplantation. This book covers in detail the clinical perspectives in the pathophysiology and development of liver fibrosis. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis have been included herein. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.
Crohn's Disease: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
The inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract is referred to as Crohn's disease. It is believed to arise due to a combination of several genetic, immune, environmental and bacterial factors. In this condition, the immune system of the body attacks the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease can occur in men and women of any age group but typically sets in between 15 and 30 years of age. Affected people may experience Crohn's related symptoms for years before the diagnosis. They may have recurring periods of remission and flare-ups. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, etc. can occur in affected people. Many systemic symptoms such as growth failure in children and weight loss in adults may also be seen. The diagnosis of Crohn's disease is considered challenging and requires a number of tests for a diagnosis to be established. Several medications, lifestyle changes and dietary regimes, activity and exercise seek to control its relapse. This book presents a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the study of Crohn's disease. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to this condition. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
Andrology: Male Reproductive Health
Sexual health and function are important for a healthy life. The male reproductive system is responsible for the production, maintenance and transportation of sperms and semen, the discharge of sperm during sex, and for the production and secretion of male sex hormones. Male reproductive health depends on male hormones. The primary hormones involved are testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Testosterone is important for the development of male characteristics, such as muscle mass and strength, facial hair growth, sex drive, fat distribution, bone mass, etc. Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in spermatogenesis, while luteinizing hormone stimulates testosterone production. The field of andrology deals with the anomalies and disorders of the male genitalia, and encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of clinical andrology. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of male reproductive health and the recent researches in this domain. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.
Urology: A Clinician's Guide
Urology is a field of medical science which deals with the diseases of the male and female urinary tract. The disorders of the bladder, male reproductive organs, prostate and the urethra are treated in this medical discipline. This includes the management of bladder stones, congenital disorders, erectile dysfunction, incontinence, tumors and cancers, infertility, sterilization, etc. Various techniques of urologic imaging are used for the visualization of the urinary tract. These include antegrade pyelography, cystography, cystourethrography, intravenous pyelogram, radioisotope renography, etc. The treatment of many urologic disorders can be achieved with minimally invasive techniques such as key-hole surgery and endoscopic procedures. Some disorders may require open surgery, such as removal of kidney, bladder or prostate for treating cancer, bladder construction after removal, vasectomy, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of urology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this field.
Current Progress in Urology
Urology is a medical specialty which is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases and disorders of the urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. Urology encompasses the management of both medical and surgical conditions. Medical conditions that can be treated non-surgically include benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary-tract infections. Surgical interventions are needed for the treatment of prostate cancer, kidney stones, bladder cancer, traumatic injury, congenital abnormalities and stress incontinence. Some of the subspecialties of this domain are endourology, urogynecology, pediatric urology, transplant urology, androurology, sexual medicine, etc. Circumcision, male genital surgery and male genital modification are certain procedures of male genitalia. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of urology. Its objective is to give a general view of the different urological conditions and their treatment strategies. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of urology as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Gastroenterology
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a pathological condition of the colon and the small intestine. It is a complex multifactorial disease arising due to a genetic predisposition to the disease and interaction with environmental stimuli. Dietary patterns, alterations in the gut microbiome and loss of integrity of the intestinal epithelium can contribute to IBD. The common forms of inflammatory bowel disease are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is restricted to the colon and rectum, whereas Crohn's disease affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Microscopically, the former extends only to the mucosa while the latter affects the full thickness of the bowel wall. Both these diseases have extra-intestinal manifestations such as arthritis, liver problems, eye problems, etc. Anemia is a common complication of both these diseases. This book explores all the important aspects of clinical gastroenterology in the present day scenario. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on inflammatory bowel disease. It is a resource guide for experts as well as students.
Oncology: Clinical Research
Oncology is a branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Cancer is a disease, which involves abnormal growth of a cell. These cells have the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are different forms of cancer such as esophageal cancer, blood cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, etc. Consumption of tobacco or alcohol, obesity and advanced age are some of the common factors that increase the risk of cancer. Common diagnostic tests used in this domain include computed tomography, biopsy, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. Treatment methods include radiation, chemotherapy surgery, surgery, targeted therapy and hormonal therapy. This book studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of oncology and its utmost significance in modern times. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. It is a resource guide for experts as well as students.
Advances in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a clinical procedure that is performed to treat stenosis of the coronary arteries of the heart. It involves the visualization of the blood vessels using coronary catheterization and X-ray imaging, followed by a coronary angioplasty using a balloon catheter. This ensures that the obstructed artery is inflated to relieve the narrowing. Stents are then deployed to keep the opening of the vessel intact. PCI is appropriate in case of stable coronary artery disease, or when coronary stenosis is more than 50%, or when angina symptoms are unresponsive to therapy. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is a common procedure with no major complications. Mostly after three months of the procedure, the artery sufficiently heals and no longer requires the stent. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of coronary interventions. It outlines the procedures and practices of percutaneous coronary intervention in detail. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into cardiology.
Cardiac Surgery Essentials
Cardiac surgery, also known as cardiovascular surgery, is the surgery which is performed either on the heart or the great vessels. It is performed to treat various conditions such as congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease and ischemic heart disease. There are numerous types of cardiac surgeries like open-heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, minimally invasive surgery and heart transplantation. Postoperative care is vital after a cardiac surgery had been performed. This is to ensure that complications and infections do not occur, and scarring is kept to a minimum. After surgery, the patient is closely monitored in an intensive care unit for heart rate, oxygen levels and blood pressure. Stroke, postperfusion syndrome and skumin syndrome are some complications that can occur in patients after surgery. This book elucidates new procedures of cardiac surgery in a comprehensive manner. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.
Nephrology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases
Nephrology is a field of medicine which is concerned with the evaluation of kidney function, diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, and preservation of kidney health. The kidneys can be affected by a host of pathological conditions such as kidney diseases and systemic conditions. Kidney diseases can also cause various systemic diseases, like renal osteodystrophy and hypertension. Kidney diseases include chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, and pyelonephritis. The chemical and microscopic analysis of the urine, kidney biopsy and CT scan, and measurement of kidney function through serum creatinine tests are common techniques of diagnosing kidney diseases. Kidney transplantation or dialysis may be required to treat kidney failure, while in cases of renal carcinoma, nephrectomy may be performed. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of nephrology are examined in detail in this book. Its objective is to give a general view of the different types of kidney diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.
Sarcoma: Diagnosis and Management
Sarcomas are rare tumors arising from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. These tumors occur more commonly in the bones and muscles, cartilage, tendons, nerves, fat and blood vessels of the limbs. These can however occur in other areas of the body as well. More than 50 types of sarcoma exist, which can be categorized under bone sarcoma (osteosarcoma) and soft tissue sarcoma. The susceptibility to sarcoma depends on a number of factors, such as family history of sarcoma, Paget's disease, genetic disorders such as Gardner syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma. Soft tissue sarcomas can grow anywhere in the body and may be difficult to detect. Osteosarcoma is comparatively easier to diagnose and presents symptoms such as swelling, pain in the affected bone and a limp. The treatment of sarcoma depends on the type of sarcoma, its location, and the extent of growth and metastasis. Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapies and radiation are the primary treatments for the management of sarcomas. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in oncology. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.
Cardiac Hypertrophy: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques
The condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle that results from an increase in the size of cardiomyocyte and changes in other heart muscle components like the extracellular matrix is termed as cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy can be eccentric or concentric. Chest pain in conjunction with shortness of breath with exertion, syncope, general fatigue and palpitations are some of the signs and symptoms of cardiac hypertrophy. The condition can be diagnosed through an electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The treatment of cardiac hypertrophy is dependent on the underlying cause and may involve surgery or medicinal therapy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment and aortic valve stenosis treatment are some of the strategies used in the management of cardiac hypertrophy. Various blood pressure medications can be recommended such as angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, etc. Lifestyle changes comprising of regular exercise, smoking cessation, and a good diet regime consisting of whole grains, good fats, fruits, vegetables and adequate nutrients are other ways to aid the healing process. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of cardiac hypertrophy. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this domain.
A Practical Approach to Cancer Imaging
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. The lethality of the disease can be attributed to its ability to divide uncontrollably, and infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. The best chance for a cure lies in its diagnosis in the early stages. Cancer imaging allows the examination of the body and other internal organs in a noninvasive manner. Various imaging tests can aid in the diagnosis of cancer at all stages, such as X-ray, MRI, CT scan, mammogram, PET scan, ultrasound and bone scan, etc. X-rays use invisible electromagnetic beams for producing images of bones, organs and internal tissues. CT scan integrates X-rays and computer technology to produce axial or horizontal images of the body. This facilitates detailed images of the bones, fat, muscles and organs. A mammogram can help to detect breast cancers, while tumors in the abdomen, kidney and liver can be detected through sonography. MRI facilitates the visual assessment of soft tissues, particularly the brain, heart, pancreas, liver, reproductive organs, etc. A PET scan holds valuable insights into the metabolism, physiology and biochemical properties of an organ or tissue, as well as the progress of the treatment. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of cancer imaging. It outlines the diverse techniques of cancer imaging and their applications in detail. It is appropriate for students and experts seeking detailed information in oncology and medical imaging.
Ischemic Stroke: Recent Research
Ischemic stroke is the condition in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is decreased. This leads to dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. It occurs due to embolism, thrombosis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and systemic hypoperfusion. 30-40% of all ischemic strokes are cryptogenic in nature. Cocaine and methamphetamine users are at a higher risk of ischemic strokes. The primary symptoms of an ischemic stroke include impairments in movement, vision and speech, unconsciousness, blindness and weakness. Alteplase (tPA) is considered effective against acute ischemic stroke. The chief management strategies involve the maintenance of systemic blood pressure, avoidance of hypercapnia and hypoxemia, and prescription of anticonvulsants to prevent damage due to seizures. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern clinical aspects of ischemic stroke. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Approach
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes a set of conditions in which the intestines become inflamed. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two main types of IBD. The symptoms range from mild to severe and depend on the part of the intestinal tract involved. Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, iron deficiency anemia, weight loss, etc. are some common symptoms. In diagnosing IBD, it is imperative to first develop a differential diagnosis. Several conditions exhibit symptoms similar to Crohn's disease or colitis, such as irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal tuberculosis, Beh癟et's disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy, etc. No specific disease marker is yet known which enables a clear distinction between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Only through observation of the location and nature of the inflammation can a diagnosis be established. The management of IBD depends on the disease severity, type and extent. Immunosuppressive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and biological therapy for IBD are certain medical strategies for controlling the disease. Research is also being undertaken to explore the role of stem cell therapy in treating IBD. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into the diagnosis and management of IBD. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.
Cancer Drug Discovery and Development
Cancer can be treated by a number of different therapeutic modalities that comprise of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and synthetic lethality. A particular cancer therapy is chosen as per the grade, location and stage of the tumor as well as the performance status of the patient. The complete removal of the cancer without causing any damage to the rest of the body is the ideal goal of cancer treatment. Besides curative intent, treatment also seeks to suppress the cancer to a subclinical state and thereby maintain a quality of life for patients with the chronic condition, and provide palliative care in advanced-stage metastatic cancers. To achieve clinical progress against cancer, it is vital to continue research in cancer drug discovery and development. Since each tumor exhibits a unique set of genomic alterations irrespective of the tissue of origin, it can lead to a wide variability in terms of drug responses. As a result, new human cancer models need to be developed and investigated to achieve better drug discovery and development. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around cancer drug discovery and development. It explores all the important aspects of cancer drugs in the present day scenario. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on cancer medicine.
Hematology and Oncology: An Evidence-Based Approach
Blood is a body fluid which delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells. It also transports metabolic wastes away from the cells. Any anomaly in the production of blood and its components, such as hemoglobin, bone marrow, platelets, spleen, blood proteins, the mechanism of coagulation, etc. is expressed as a blood disorder. Leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, etc. are some of the disorders of cell proliferation. Coagulation disorders include hemophilia, thrombophilia and coagulopathy. Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms affecting the blood, lymph, bone marrow and lymphatic system. These may derive from either the myeloid or lymphoid cell lines. All such disorders are treated in the domain of hematology and oncology. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the fields of hematology and oncology. The topics included herein are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of these disciplines.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer. It is the most common cause of death in patients suffering from cirrhosis. Most individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma exhibit signs and symptoms consistent with chronic liver disease. Other risk factors that can contribute to an incidence of this condition include chronic hepatitis B and C, Type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Wilson's disease, etc. The carcinoma can be detected through blood testing and imaging evaluation, especially MRI. The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognosis depends on factors such as tumor size, spread, histology and patient health. Surgical resection, liver transplantation, arterial catheter-based treatment and systemic therapy are certain therapies for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.
Cardiomyopathy: An Issue of Cardiology Clinics
Cardiomyopathy is a set of diseases which affect the muscles of the heart. It is of various types - dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restricted cardiomyopathy, takotsubo cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Each of these affects the cardiac muscle in a different way. The heart muscle enlarges and thickens in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while ventricles enlarge and weaken in dilated cardiomyopathy. Early on in the development of the disease, there are few or no symptoms. Gradual fatigue, chest pain, arrhythmias, and swelling of the feet or abdomen can be observed. Cardiomyopathies often lead to progressive heart failure-related disability or cardiovascular death. A cardiomyopathy can be detected through a physical exam, ECG, stress test, blood test or echocardiogram. Treatment differs for different cardiac conditions. To manage fatal heart rhythms, defibrillators may be used, while for severe heart failure ventricular assist devices (VADs) can be used. Medications and implanted pacemakers are used to manage slow heart rates. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This book will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this condition.
Lowering Cholesterol: Concerns and Challenges
Cholesterol is a sterol that is biosynthesized by all animal cells. It is an important structural component of animal cell membranes. It also acts as a precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, vitamin D and bile acid. The cholesterol ingested is esterified but it is poorly absorbed by the body. It compensates for the absorption of additional cholesterol by reducing further synthesis. The liver excretes cholesterol in a non-esterified form into the digestive tract. About half of this cholesterol is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream at the small intestine. High levels of cholesterol are associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack, etc. The risk of acquiring these conditions is dependent on the quantity of cholesterol one consumes and also the kind of cholesterol in blood. The management of cholesterol does not necessarily resolve with dietary control alone, but also requires exercise and medication. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around the management of cholesterol. The topics covered herein deal with the concerns and challenges of high cholesterol. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.
The Biology of Cancer
Cancer can be thought as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at different biological scales. The study of the disease using this approach requires an integration of systems biology to cancer research. Tumors are characterized by the presence of genomic and epigenetic anomalies, which alter the functions and interactions of different molecules and networks relative to the local environment. Cancer systems biology thus offers a holistic study of cancer by taking into account its genetics, clinical or preclinical manifestation, signaling networks, cellular behavior, histology and epidemiology. Such a study can be aided using high-throughput technologies that enable genomic analyses of mutations, methylation, copy number variations and rearrangements both at cellular and tissue levels. These also facilitate robust analyses of RNA and microRNA expression data, and protein and metabolite levels. Cancer systems biology is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe on the biology of cancer. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.
Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome
Insulin is a protein hormone which is produced by the beta cells of pancreatic islets; it is the main anabolic hormone of the body. By absorbing carbohydrate especially glucose from the blood into liver fat and skeleton muscle cell, it regulates metabolism of carbohydrate fat and protein. Main purpose of insulin is to control the glucose level in the body. Insulin resistance is a pathological condition characterized by the failure of body cells to respond normally to the hormone insulin. In insulin resistance, the cells become less effective to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Causes of insulin resistance include molecular mechanism, sedentary lifestyle, protease inhibitors, HCV, genetics, etc. The symptoms of insulin resistance are hyperglycemia, high blood sugar level, fatigue, brain fogginess, high blood pressure, polydipsia, polyphagia etc. Risk factors associated with insulin resistance are obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, liver pathologies, hemochromatosis, gastropareses, and polycystic ovary syndrome. The treatment of insulin resistance includes exercise and weight loss. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of insulin resistance. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on insulin resistance have been included in this book. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.
Clinical Andrology
Andrology is the medical specialty concerned with male reproductive and urological health. Anomalies of the genitalia, including the disorders of the connective tissues and alterations in the volume of cells such as in genital hypertrophy or macrogenitosomia, are under the scope of this discipline. Certain surgical procedures in men such as circumcision, vasectomy, vasovasostomy and orchidopexy are routine procedures in andrology. There are unique treatment strategies for the management of male genitourinary disorders such as erectile dysfunction, infertility, penile fracture, prostate cancer, testicular torsion, varicocele, etc. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of clinical andrology. It unfolds the innovative aspects of male reproductive and urological health which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.
Sarcoma: Assessment and Treatment
Sarcomas are malignant tumors made of cancellous bone, fat, cartilage, muscle, vascular tissues or hematopoietic tissues. Sarcomas are classified into different types based on the type of tissue they closely resemble. Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma resemble the bone, fat, cartilage and smooth muscle respectively. Sarcomas are further classified depending on the presence and frequency of certain cellular and subcellular characteristics typical of malignant biological behavior. Low-grade sarcomas are treated surgically, or with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Intermediate-grade and high-grade sarcomas are addressed with a combination of all such therapies. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the assessment of sarcoma. The various advancements in its treatment are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in oncology at various levels.
Stemi: An Issue of Cardiology Clinics
STEMI or ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction is a form of myocardial infarction in which a major artery of the heart is blocked. It is a serious and life-threatening medical emergency which is usually associated with atherosclerosis. Acute STEMI may lead to arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation, and result in sudden cardiac arrest. At this stage, defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are required to restore a normal heart rhythm. Nausea, vomiting, chest discomfort, anxiety, diaphoresis and palpitations are signs of a STEMI. An ECG may support a STEMI diagnosis if ST elevation is observed. It is usually treated with thrombolytics or with the aid of a percutaneous coronary intervention. This procedure is known as angioplasty or stenting. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around the diagnosis and treatment of STEMI. The topics included on STEMI are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.
Liver Fibrosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Liver fibrosis is a condition of the liver characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen. Advanced liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis leads to hepatocellular dysfunction and a high intrahepatic resistance to blood flow that results in hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension. Liver biopsy is the standard procedure for diagnosing and assessing liver fibrosis. To determine the degree of liver damage, several scales such as Ishak fibrosis score (stages I-V) and METAVIR scoring system (stages I-IV) are used for staging of fibrosis. Other evaluations such as platelet count, ascites, Bonacini cirrhosis discriminant score and spider angiomata can help to diagnose cirrhosis. Recent evidence points to the reversibility of liver fibrosis even in its advanced stages. Typically, this may happen with a cessation of liver injury, via the successful treatment of the underlying disease. For patients with cirrhosis, liver transplantation is currently the only curative strategy with improved quality of life and better chances of survival. A lot of research is being undertaken to develop non-invasive and reliable markers of liver fibrosis, and liver specific antifibrotic therapies. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of liver fibrosis and the recent researches in this pathological condition. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different aspects of its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in hepatology at various levels.
Cancer: Clinical and Translational Research
Cancer refers to a family of diseases, which involves an abnormal growth of cells that can invade or spread to other parts of the body. Survival rates in people suffering from cancer vary according to the cancer type and stage in which it is diagnosed. The prognosis is worse for cancers that have metastasized. Cancer survivors often develop a second primary cancer. Cancer research strives to identify possible causes and strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It involves various aspects of molecular bioscience, cancer epidemiology and clinical trials for evaluating and comparing outcomes of different cancer therapies. Translational research in cancer seeks to understand the mechanisms of cancer development and progression, and translate such scientific findings into formulating approaches in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Clinical cancer research is devoted to the development of surgical procedures, pharmaceutical agents and medical technologies for the treatment of cancer. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of cancer management. The topics covered herein deal with the clinical and translational research in the field of oncology. For all readers who are interested in this field, the case studies included herein will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Comprehensive Overview
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of cancers wherein the immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and fail to become healthy blood cells. Initially, there are no symptoms, but later on, symptoms such as shortness of breath, a feeling of exhaustion, easy bleeding and frequent infections start to develop. Some myelodysplastic syndromes may develop into acute myeloid leukemias. The risk factors associated with MDS include exposure to pesticides, tobacco smoke, benzene, and heavy metals such as lead or mercury along with previous history of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The diagnosis of MDS is usually done by eliminating other causes of cytopenias, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The treatment of MDS may involve drug therapy, supportive care and stem cell transplantation. Supportive care is provided by the use of antibiotics, blood transfusions and medications to increase the formation of red blood cells. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about myelodysplastic syndromes. It includes some of the significant pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to this condition. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying MDS as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.
Bladder Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment
The urinary bladder can be affected by a number of conditions such as cystitis, urinary incontinence, bladder cancer, interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder. These conditions are together referred to as bladder disease. Such diseases can be diagnosed through X-ray imaging, urine tests and bladder examination using cystoscope. Bladder obstruction is the condition when there is a heavy blood clot formation within the bladder outlet. It generally arises due to bladder cancer and requires surgery. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder diseases. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
Recent Progress in Hematologic Cancer Research
Any malignancy of the blood, bone marrow, lymph or lymphatic system is called a hematologic cancer. These elements are closely connected through the immune and circulatory system. Therefore, a disease that affects one element affects others as well. This makes lymphoproliferation and myeloproliferation related and overlapping problems. Some hematologic cancers are lymphomas, leukemias, myelomas, myelogenous leukemia, lymphoid neoplasms, myeloid neoplasms, etc. A common cause of hematologic cancer is chromosomal translocations. As malignant cells are detected in light microscopy, a suspected hematological malignancy is usually analyzed using a complete blood count and blood film. The treatment of B-cell-derived hematologic malignancies, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, are treated using rituximab. Treatment may also involve immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, blood transfusions or bone marrow transplant. This book traces the progress in the field of hematologic cancer research and highlights some of the latest developments. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.
Bladder Diseases: A Clinical Approach
The urinary bladder is a hollow elastic muscular organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The urine excreted by the kidneys collects in the bladder before expulsion from the body. The bladder can be affected by urinary bladder inflammation like cystitis, bladder obstruction and bladder rupture. Cystitis, also known as urinary tract infection, is caused by a bacterial infection and is fairly common. Bladder obstruction or tamponade results due to a blood clot forming near the outlet of the bladder. Bladder rupture may occur if the bladder is overfilled and not emptied. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around the diagnosis and treatment of bladder diseases. The topics included herein on bladder diseases are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.
Hepatitis C: From Pathophysiology to Disease Management
Hepatitis C is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis C virus. People infected by the virus do not exhibit symptoms initially but occasionally dark urine, yellow tinged skin, fever and abdominal pain may occur. The infection can potentially lead to liver disease and cirrhosis. The hepatitis C virus is spread due to the use of poorly sterilized medical equipment, transfusions, blood-to-blood contact and needlestick injuries. It may also spread when an infected mother gives birth to her baby. There is no vaccination against hepatitis C. However, hepatitis C can be prevented using a combination of harm reduction strategies, including treatment of substance abuse, provision of new syringes and needles, and screening of blood donors. Chronic infection with hepatitis C can be cured with antiviral medications such as simeprevir or sofosbuvir. This book covers in detail the clinical aspects of hepatitis C from pathophysiology to disease management. It unravels the recent studies in hepatitis C. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.
Memoirs of a Life Shattered
I was assaulted by a cruel and uncaring assassin. Numbness was my first reaction followed by fear, confusion, sorrow, anger, and pain in an ever changing, repetitious pattern. This intrusion had already threatened to not only shatter my life, but end it. Retaliation was recognized slowly but being true to who I am, I have fought with all my mind and strength.
Consumer Psychology
- Why do people behave and think the way they do?- What makes people choose certain products and services?- How does consumption affect our everyday lives? Informed by psychological theory and supported by research, Consumer Psychology provides an overview to understanding consumer behaviour and underlying thought processes. Written in a clear and accessible style it is an essential read for students of consumer psychology. It is also important reading for anyone studying consumption, whether in marketing, consumer behaviour, sociology, anthropology, business studies, cyber psychology or sustainability. Psychology is central to an effective understanding of consumer behaviour and this book shows how it can be used to explain why people choose certain products and services, and how this affects their behaviour and psychological well-being. This book explores key theories from a broad range of psychology disciplines to show how psychology can help explain consumption behaviours. These include: - Memory and learning- Perception and attention- Emotions- Decision making- Motivation- Happiness This 2nd second edition has been updated with new research throughout and has more in-depth sections on topics such as: - Motives for and consequences of sharing in a social media environment - Online gaming and online customized advertising- Sustainable consumption and how to increase it Each chapter features an introduction, key terms, summary and study questions or class exercises that encourage you to think critically about the topics covered. Real-life examples including adverts and case studies are included throughout to ensure clear application to everyday life.
Bioactive Natural Products for the Management of Cancer: From Bench to Bedside
- The book comprehensively provide the recent updates on Natural metabolites and their therapeutics use against Cancer.- It summarize the distinctive pathways and mechanistic insight into the mode of action of Natural metabolites.- It highlights the utilization of nanoparticle-augmented Adjuvant therapy to enhance Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Potency of Natural metabolites.- It elucidates designing of Ligand-based Drug from the Natural metabolites to enhance their active potential and counter adverse side effects.
Leukemia Stem Cells in Hematologic Malignancies
This book introduces readers to the biology of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and emphasizes the necessity and importance of targeting LSCs in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. It addresses the role of leukemia stem cells in different leukemia diseases and molecular signatures, as well as the metabolic and epigenetic regulation of leukemia stem cell function. With regard to solid tumors, a significant number of blood cancers are believed to be derived from leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are responsible for disease progression, relapse and drug resistance. Consequently, new therapeutic strategies need to be developed by focusing on the complete eradication of LSCs. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for graduate students and scientists in the fields of cell biology and cancer research etc.
Melanoma
This is about my crazy life's experiences, up until I was found to have Melanoma. I wrote this with humor, fear, and strength, to show other's with GOD, anything is possible. My fight now is with the treatment's I received, to my body, not with Melanoma.
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction
This book provides new perspectives on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Chapters cover atherosclerosis risk factors, the effect of growth and aging on vascular architecture, and the crucial role the microvasculature plays in atherosclerosis development. Microvascular dysfunction would explain why the well-known risk factors actually put individuals at higher risk. This pathomechanism would also hold true not only for obstructive atheroma formation but also for aneurysmal dilatation as well as for aortic and peripheral artery dissection. When seen through this lens, novel preventive and therapeutic opportunities can be envisioned.Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction proposes a single unifying mechanism of atherosclerosis development and describes potential preventative and therapeutic avenues based on this concept. It therefore represents a timely and valuable resource for internal medicine, cardiology, angiology cardiovascular surgeons, pathology clinicians, researchers, trainees, and students.
