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Recent Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
This Special Issue of Medicina, entitled "Recent Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases", is dedicated to the state of the art in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and aims to be highly beneficial in clinical practice, enhance public health, and provide the latest information on innovations in the field of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are a major global health problem with increasing prevalence, which are linked to high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases do not have diagnostic criteria and are instead guided by classification criteria, so the confirmation of a diagnosis is often delayed. As highly heterogeneous diseases, they involve complex pathophysiological mechanisms, resulting in variations in treatment responses among individuals. This heterogeneity underscores the need for individualized and precise treatment strategies and encourages patient-centered collaboration between clinicians and researchers.Challenges remain in the field of rheumatology due to an aging population, the complexity of diseases, the need to manage comorbidity, the need to address health disparities between different population groups, and the challenges associated with the effective and appropriate integration of new technologies into the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Advances in Prevention and Management of Celiac Disease
This Reprint presents the latest advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease (CD), a multifactorial autoimmune disorder with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. CD not only responds to gluten exposure but also involves a genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), immune dysregulation, microbiome and intestinal barrier alterations, and environmental triggers. The collected works explore the full spectrum of these mechanisms, from population-based public health interventions and eating attitudes in adults, to nutritional quality and early evaluation in children commencing a gluten-free diet (GFD). The studies also highlight innovations in emerging diagnostic monitoring omics strategies that are facilitating progress towards precision medicine in CD. Through a multidisciplinary lens encompassing clinicians, nutrition experts, and molecular scientists, this Reprint delivers a comprehensive, current, and translational overview of CD in children and adults, with the goal of shaping future research and improving patient outcomes.
Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer
The management of prostate cancer has evolved significantly due to advances in imaging, molecular biology, and therapy. Historically, treatment options were limited to radical prostatectomy and conventional radiotherapy. Today, radiotherapy employs precise image-guided and intensity-modulated techniques, such as IMRT and VMAT, which deliver higher tumor doses with reduced toxicity. Innovations like IGRT and SBRT have improved targeting accuracy, enabling hypofractionated regimens that achieve excellent tumor control. Emerging approaches, including MRI-guided radiotherapy and proton therapy, offer even greater precision.Focal therapies-such as HIFU, cryotherapy, and irreversible electroporation-target only the cancerous areas of the prostate, aiming to balance oncologic control with preservation of quality of life. Precision medicine is further transforming care through genomic profiling and molecular imaging (e.g., PSMA-PET), enhancing risk stratification and personalizing treatment. Novel systemic therapies, including PARP inhibitors, androgen receptor-targeted agents, and radioligand therapies, provide new options for patients with advanced disease. Overall, the integration of advanced radiotherapy techniques, focal therapies, and precision medicine is reshaping prostate cancer management, improving outcomes and quality of life.
Posture, Balance, and Gait
This Reprint compiles peer reviewed research articles from the Special Issue "Posture, Balance, and Gait Assessment Techniques and Rehabilitation Strategies", published in the Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. It presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary research addressing the biomechanical, sensory motor, and neural mechanisms underlying posture control, balance regulation, and gait performance.The Reprint includes experimental studies, systematic reviews, and applied clinical research focused on objective assessment methods, wearable and sensor based technologies, and evidence based rehabilitation interventions. The contributions span diverse populations, including older adults, individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions, children with movement disorders, and physically active adults, reflecting the broad clinical relevance of movement impairments across the lifespan.By integrating foundational science with clinically meaningful applications, this Reprint supports evidence based decision making and knowledge translation in physiotherapy and rehabilitation sciences. It serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, educators, and postgraduate students seeking an up to date synthesis of advances in posture, balance, and gait assessment and rehabilitation.
Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
"Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition." of this comprehensive guide. Designed for pharmacy and allied field graduates, this book, "Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry-Principles & Practice," is a treasure trove of synthetic and analytical approaches essential for both academic and industrial realms.Embark on a journey through 64 enlightening chapters, where the art of synthesizing drugs and drug intermediates is unveiled alongside their pharmaceutical significance and underlying reaction mechanisms. Delve into the realm of green synthetic strategies, where alternative reagents and safety precautions take center stage, promising a sustainable approach to drug synthesis. From conducting limit tests to qualitative analyses of diverse compounds, this book intricately details organic-medicinal compound estimations, active principle isolations, and the nitty-gritty of general laboratory practices. With a reader-friendly approach to complex experiments that require no specialized equipment, this book is a must-have for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the nuanced world of Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry.
Advance Organic Chemistry-I
"Advanced Organic Chemistry-I" by Y. V. D. Nageswar and Pooja Chawla is a meticulously crafted resource that covers the entire M.Pharm 1st year Organic Chemistry syllabus. The book is divided into five chapters, providing a comprehensive understanding of basic aspects of organic chemistry, name reactions, protecting groups, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, and retrosynthesis. With a focus on current research trends, the book includes several reactions as examples, literature references, and guidelines for molecular dissection. The authors have drawn upon various outstanding textbooks of Organic Chemistry, making this book an invaluable resource for students and faculty members seeking to deepen their understanding of advanced organic chemistry concepts.
Antimicrobial Alternatives Against Resilient Oral Biofilms
As dentistry advances, novel compounds and tools are being developed to maintain oral health and/or treat dental/periodontal infections. Dental caries (tooth decay) requires proper management to avoid this disease and, eventually, tooth extraction.Extensive literature documents the pathogenic role of certain microorganisms and their ability to persist in the oral cavity as a complex microbial community, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Dental plaque is stubbornly resistant to common cleaning procedures with mouthwashes, toothpastes and toothbrushes, as well as to antimicrobial drugs and host immune defenses. Orthodontic treatments such as orthodontic appliances create additional habitats for microbial growth and further disease.There is a wide variety of oral pathogens that are commonly found in the mouth, including fungal and bacterial pathogens, many of which are associated with antimicrobial resistance. Continuous development and study of innovative tools and compounds is required to facilitate microbial removal and maintenance of oral homeostasis.The aim of this book is to examine the effects of innovative antimicrobial compounds against oral biofilms. In line with previous studies, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were chosen as representative members of different groups of pathogens, namely Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi, due to their high degree of tolerance to chemical and physical stresses. Ultimately, this book will add to the literature on an important aspect of human health that remains a persistent problem and impacts everyone.
The Sacred Geometry Materia Medica
A Materia Medica for professional homeopaths, home practitioners, students and teachers of homeopathy. What if there is another layer to constitutional prescribing that expands beyond conventional personalities and archetypes? What if there is a way to constitutionally prescribe for the soul? Sacred Geometry speaks to the blueprint of our soul. These 19 Sacred Geometry remedies truly are remedies for our time as we evolve into a New Earth and as New Humans. They include the Golden Spiral, Flower of Life, Vector Equilibrium, the Platonic Solids, the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun, and the Pleiades. Key themes include alignment, our soul's purpose, truth, presence, wisdom, healthy boundaries, connection, love and sovereignty. Journeying from the beginnings of this adventure where the Golden Spiral remedy began close to the Meridian Line in Greenwich Park, London, to the Bosnian Pyramids and the Northern Territories in the Australian outback, these remedies have brought together some of the most remarkable energies from across the world.
Botulinum Toxins
This Reprint is configured as a continuation of the previous volume entitled "Botulinum Toxins: New Uses in the Treatment of Diseases", of which it constitutes the second volume. The purpose of this Reprint is to update the scientific community on the possible developments in the new therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin, also considering the fact that, to date, the list of human pathologies in which botulinum toxin produces favorable effects is constantly growing. This Reprint contains contributions of various natures, such as reviews, research articles (both on animal models and clinical studies), case reports, or off-label indications. It also includes contributions explaining the mechanisms of action of botulinum toxins in the various pathologies for which they exert their therapeutic action.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Research
This Reprint highlights the rapidly growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in advancing spine research and clinical care. By harnessing large-scale data and sophisticated algorithms, AI and ML are transforming traditional approaches to diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction for spinal disorders. The contributions in this Reprint illustrate how these technologies improve imaging analysis, enable personalized treatment strategies, and support predictive modeling to enhance patient outcomes. This Reprint also addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI-driven research, including data quality, algorithm transparency, and clinical integration. Through a collection of recent studies and reviews, it offers an in-depth overview of how AI and ML are shaping the future of spine medicine, from automated imaging interpretation to predictive analytics and patient-specific care. This Reprint serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, and technologists seeking to understand and apply AI and ML innovations within the field of spine research. It underscores the potential of these technologies to revolutionize diagnostics; improve therapeutic precision; and contribute to safer, more effective, and personalized spinal healthcare.
2nd Edition of Innovation in Chemical Plant Design
In an era where chemical engineering systems must meet evolving demands, such as greater sustainability, leaner footprints, and smarter integration, the 2nd Edition of Innovation in Chemical Plant Design in Processes invited innovative contributions to redefine how we conceive, build, and operate chemical production plants. Building on the success of the first edition, this Special Issue highlighted advances across several synergistic fronts: process intensification and modularization; novel (bio-)based or low-impact energy systems; digitalization, control and automation in plant analytics; advanced materials, nanotechnologies, and smart reactors; and circular-economy strategies applied to chemical-plant design in sectors such as energy, food/agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and construction. Whether presenting conceptual layouts, techno-economic environmental assessments, system simulation, experimental pilot-scale validation, or full-scale case studies, these papers articulated how design choices drive performance, resource efficiency, safety, and sustainability. In this issue, original research articles and review articles clearly address innovation in process design, highlighting trends, challenges, and future directions.
Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Nature and Their Applications
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most pressing global challenges, threatening both public health and the sustainability of food and medical systems. In the search for new solutions, increasing attention is being directed toward nature as a source of diverse bioactive compounds that may provide effective and safe alternatives to conventional antibiotics.This Special Issue of Antibiotics focuses on the discovery, characterization, and application of novel natural antimicrobial agents. It highlights studies investigating plant extracts, essential oils, microbial metabolites, and compounds derived from marine organisms, with particular emphasis on understanding their mechanisms of action, from the inhibition of virulence factors to the development of nano formulations and biotechnological delivery systems.Equally important are studies that link natural antimicrobials with practical applications in medicine, food preservation, environmental protection, and the conservation of cultural heritage. Together, these contributions demonstrate that sustainable solutions for combating infections can still be found in nature, supported by modern scientific insight and technological innovation.
Management of Pancreatic Cancer
This reprint includes a variety of original studies and reviews addressing the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer, a highly lethal disease that still has poor prognosis and limited curative-intent therapeutic resources. This reprint also includes studies addressing potential predictors of pancreatic cancer development.
Pharmacology - III
Dive into the intricate world of pharmacology with "Pharmacology - III," a comprehensive and indispensable guide for students of pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry. With 35 detailed chapters, this book offers thorough insights into the mechanisms of drug action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, therapeutic indications, and drug interactions. From fundamental studies to clinical management, this text provides a solid pharmacological foundation for rational drug use in therapeutics. Filled with diagrams, tables, and the latest advancements in the field, "Pharmacology - III" is a must-have resource that promises to engage and educate readers with its in-depth exploration of drug science.
Vitreoretinal Disease
This Reprint provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of vitreoretinal diseases, their clinical features, and the latest progress in diagnosis and treatment. Vitreoretinal diseases encompass a wide spectrum of ocular conditions affecting the vitreous, retina, and surrounding structures, posing major challenges for both patients and clinicians.The articles in this collection address the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors of disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and vitreomacular traction. Contributing authors highlight new diagnostic tools that enable earlier and more accurate detection of these conditions. Emphasizing innovative therapeutic and surgical strategies, this Reprint discusses advances in intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and emerging pharmacological approaches, with attention to their efficacy and safety.By gathering contributions from leading experts, this Reprint serves as a valuable reference for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers. It aims to enhance understanding, promote timely diagnosis, and improve patient management and visual outcomes in vitreoretinal diseases.
Natural Products and Their Modifications as Agents Used in the Fight against Pathogens
The increasing resistance of bacterial strains to commercially available antibiotics remains one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine. Consequently, the identification and characterization of novel bioactive compounds of natural origin have become essential in combating this global issue. Equally crucial is the preservation of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic homeostasis and overall health. Natural extracts exhibit diverse biological activities and frequently exert protective effects on the gut microbiota. Therefore, the rational design and selection of chemical modifications that enhance antimicrobial activity while simultaneously supporting immune functions, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, are of particular scientific interest.This Reprint brings together research and review articles focusing on these key aspects. It presents studies comparing the biological activity of pathogenic bacterial strains and/or intestinal microbiota in the presence of natural compounds and their chemically modified derivatives. Manuscripts included in this collection also explore the bioactivity of crude plant extracts, isolated compounds, and dominant phytochemical combinations naturally occurring in plants. Moreover, this Reprint highlights the potential of extracts and their major constituents' processes. These approaches represent a promising direction in the ongoing development of novel therapeutic strategies against infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
New Advances in COVID-19 and Pregnancy
Based on what is known at this time, pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 compared to nonpregnant women. Additionally, pregnant women with COVID-19 might have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the mortality of pregnant and postpartum women. Worldwide, there are more than 140 million births every year, and pregnant women are potentially at risk for adverse outcomes of novel coronavirus. Although maternal mortality has been reported in some studies, limited information is available about SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill pregnant women who are hospitalized for COVID-19.This Special Issue summarizes well-established data on the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in pregnant women, maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with COVID-19, the risk of vertical transmission of the virus, and the effect of SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal outcomes. The data provided by the papers included in this Special Issue will allow researchers to determine the maternal, fetal, and neonatal risk associated with SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy and may help to provide evidenced-based and personalized recommendations for the care of pregnant women with COVID-19.
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Internal Diseases
In recent decades, significant progress in drug development has transformed the treatment of internal diseases, improving both outcomes and prognosis. However, these advances frequently come with a cost: serious, sometimes even life-threatening side effects. Many clinicians acknowledge the need for alternatives but commonly lack the knowledge or confidence to use them. Meanwhile, a growing number of people are turning to complementary or alternative approaches, particularly herbal medicines, and they often adopt healthier lifestyle changes alongside these treatments. Despite this trend, skepticism toward natural products remains strong in mainstream medicine, largely due to the limited amount of high-quality evidence.The Special Issue "Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Internal Diseases" was created to address this challenge. It presents original research and critical reviews exploring how natural products may contribute to treating these conditions. Together, the studies highlight both the opportunities and the obstacles in translating traditional knowledge and early findings into evidence-based therapies.
Pharmaceutical Formulation Development
Dive into the intricate world of pharmaceutical formulation development with this comprehensive guide tailored for M. Pharm students specializing in Industrial Pharmacy. In "Pharmaceutical Formulation Development," readers are seamlessly guided through the complexities of formulation studies required for new and existing drugs. Authored with precision and adherence to regulatory practices, this book navigates through essential topics such as Preformulation, Formulation Additives, Solubility, Dissolution, and Product Stability.As the pharmaceutical industry evolves under strict guidelines and practices, this book serves as a vital resource aligned with the latest syllabus standards set forth by the Pharmacy Council of India. Packed with model questions, references, and a user-friendly approach to convey even the most challenging concepts, this book ensures a thorough understanding for students and professionals alike.Embark on a journey through the fundamental pillars of pharmaceutical formulation development and uncover the meticulous process behind creating reproducible results. Perfect for those seeking to master the art of formulation studies, this book is a must-have for anyone aspiring to excel in the dynamic field of industrial pharmacy.
Gateway to Crack GPAT & Pharmacy Competitive Entrance Exams
The pharmacy field mainly comprises the exhaustive study of Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmacology Pharmacognosy and other pharma specialized subjects. The pharmacy profession is mainly defined as a specialization that deals with pharmaceutical research formulation development pharmaceutical marketing pharmaceutical regulations patient counseling Clinical Pharmacy etc. This book is written and designed to help pharma aspirants prepare for many competitive exams especially for those who wish to crack GPAT and other competitive examinations of the Pharmacy field. All effort has been made to provide accurate and standard questions to cater to the needs of aspirants of GPAT and other competitive exams in the field of Pharmacy. Present book Gateway to Crack GPAT & PHARMACY Competitive Entrance Exams book has been prepared by competent academicians of pharmacy fields with the objective to make familiarize the pharma aspirants with the level of questions asked in GPAT and other PHARMACY Competitive Entrance Exams. The prepared book consists of MCQs based chapters of pharmacy subjects like Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Biotechnology and Microbiology. Further the individual core chapters are divided into units based on various topics to cover the complete syllabus. All questions have been developed by competent authors for aspirants who are going to appear for the GPAT and any other competitive examination of Pharmacy specialization. The Book Gateway to Crack GPAT & PHARMACY Competitive Entrance Exams" has been prepared under the great observation that helps aspirants in cracking the entrance as well as Competitive Exams of the Pharmacy profession. As the name of the book suggests it covers 25000+ Solved MCQs and Model Practice Paper of different Pharmacy subjects questions are prepared by analyzing the previous papers of GPAT and other competitive examinations.
Medical Dosage Calculations for Dummies
An accurate and easy-to-read resource for students in medical dosage calculation classes Medical Dosage Calculations For Dummies, 2nd Edition is an accurate guide to dosage calculation that tracks to standard course curricula. It's an easy-to-follow supplementary resource for students of nursing, pharmacology, paramedic programs and beyond, walking you through ratio-proportion, formula, and dimensional analyses for a wide variety of medication types. You'll learn how medications are given, to whom, and how to chart accurately and clearly. You'll also discover how to handle the processes and language of medical dosing, as well as how to navigate the electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs). Inside: Brush up on your math Understand the best practices in medical administration, including needle insertion instructions Discover evidence-based practice guidelines and methods Perfect for students currently taking a medical dosage calculations class, Medical Dosage Calculations For Dummies is also a great resource for working professionals interested in brushing up on the fundamentals.
Unscripted On Purpose
This journey-meets-playbook is for pharmacists who feel stuck, burned out, stifled, or misaligned, even when the resume says they should be satisfied. Through vivid stories, honest reflections, optional faith echoes, and practical toolkits, you'll reclaim identity beyond the job title, rediscover purpose and meaning, and reignite creativity and courage. By the end, you'll have language for what you want next and the clarity to move toward a career that feels more like truth.
Environmental Contaminants and Human Health
Environmental contaminants and related human health risks have become a global environmental issue. Environmental contaminants enter the ecosystem and are enriched by the food chain. Potential exposure to humans has been a concern for society as a whole. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between environmental contaminants and human diseases, trying to answer the question of how the contaminants affect human bodies. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on environmental contaminants and human health, aiming to figure out the relationship and mechanism. Therefore, it covers but is not limited to the following topics: the occurrence levels of contaminants in environmental and human bodies, exposure estimation, toxicity research, meta-analyses, and data reviews.
Diabetes
Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century, projected to affect 700 million people by 2045. In the last 15 years, the number of people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes increased by 45%, and those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes increased by 95%. The most devastating effects of diabetes are its chronic complications, which confer a high risk of morbidity and mortality and an increased health system cost burden. Although there is increased awareness and new therapeutic options in the treatment of diabetes, it is still the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, the leading cause of kidney failure and dialysis, and the leading cause of nontraumatic lower-limb amputations.This Special Issue, featuring thirteen research articles, three reviews, and one systematic review, presents the latest knowledge of diabetes and its complications. Topics include the connection between circulating isthmin-1 levels and diabetes, material technologies for improved diabetic foot ulcer treatment, depression and stress in type 2 diabetes, metformin in gestational diabetes, safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes, and aging-related biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy. The Special Issue also explores associations between serum cytokines and growth factors with time in range, as well as progression of diabetic kidney disease and gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects with type 1 diabetes.This new knowledge promises to enhance diagnosis, reduce the rate of progression of diabetes-related chronic complications, and may form the basis for future therapeutic approaches.
Melanoma
This Reprint comprises eight published papers, covering aspects of the molecular pathology of, and therapeutic approaches to melanoma. Topics covered in the Reprint include therapeutic approaches to treat melanoma, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and approaches to address therapeutic resistance in melanoma, immune-related pathways and microenvironmental factors that impact melanoma pathobiology, and genomic as well as epigenomic mechanisms involved in melanoma pathobiology or treatment response.
New Updates in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
In recent years, with the rapid development of medical equipment, surgical techniques, and biomaterials, the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery has progressed to providing digital and personalized treatments. This includes digital imaging, digital impressions, jaw modeling, 3D planning of complex oral prosthetics, osteophytes and implant placement, and minimally invasive surgery, such as endoscopic and functional surgery. This Reprint, entitled "New Updates in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery", aims to discuss personalized treatment and future trends in oral and maxillofacial surgery. A variety of topics are discussed, including the following: Orthognathic surgery and surgical treatment/correction of dental and maxillofacial malformations;Head and neck cosmetic surgery;Oral cancer;Reconstructive surgery;Management of oral diseases;New methods and techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery;Oral and maxillofacial soft and hard tissue trauma and reconstruction techniques;Drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw;New diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the management of potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity.
What We See through Cardiac Imaging
This Reprint showcases the transformative role of multimodality cardiac imaging in contemporary cardiovascular care. It brings together studies demonstrating how structural, functional, and dynamic insights from echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and other techniques are now central to diagnosing disease, stratifying risk, and guiding therapy across congenital, structural, coronary, and heart failure conditions. Taken together, these contributions illustrate that cardiac imaging has moved beyond simple anatomical descriptions to become a predictive, therapeutic shaping tool and highlight the need for standardized protocols and multicentre validation
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the GIT, with two main clinical manifestations: Crohn's disease, whose pathogenesis involves any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and ulcerative colitis, in which inflammation is limited to the colon. This gastrointestinal tract inflammation leads to symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, and increased intestinal permeability. Among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, genetics, dysregulation in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors such as diet and physical inactivity stand out. Considering the severity of symptoms related to IBDs, alternative therapies have been sought to alleviate intestinal discomfort, and physical exercise, dietary interventions, and nutritional supplements can bring benefits, which include improving the composition of the microbiota, intestinal tract, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, which may implement a protective action on the permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. This Issue Reprint summarizes various papers published in the collection "Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment", which aims to provide an approach to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of IBDs. This Reprint includes papers dedicated to the clinical diagnosis of IBDs, physical exercise and nutrition in IBDs, microbiota and IBDs, and body composition in IBDs.
New Insights into Suicide and Mental Health Conditions
The Reprint entitled "New Insights into Suicide and Mental Health Conditions" gathers cutting-edge research focused on the underlying neurobiology, clinical interventions, and methodological innovations addressing suicide and suicidal behavior in the context of mental health disorders. Suicide remains among the most urgent public-health challenges worldwide, and many individuals who die by suicide have longstanding psychiatric disorders, and yet face limited access to effective interventions. This Reprint highlights contributions that advance our understanding of etiological mechanisms, identify novel therapeutic approaches-including brain-based and neurophysiological interventions-and develop rigorous trial designs for use in high-risk populations. The scope spans pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, brain stimulation techniques, digital and biomarker-driven risk prediction, psychometric instrument validation for suicidality screening across diverse settings, and contextual factors shaping implementation of evidence-supported strategies. With an emphasis on bridging translational neuroscience and clinical practice, this compilation aims to accelerate progress in preventing suicidal ideation and behavior and to improve outcomes for individuals affected by severe mental health conditions.
Recent Advances in Understanding Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex, multifaceted autoimmune disease characterized by vascular abnormalities, immune system dysregulation, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Despite significant strides in understanding the pathogenesis of SSc, it remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage due to its heterogeneity and its variability in clinical manifestations.We are pleased to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge, treatment, and future perspectives of therapeutic approaches in this Special Issue.
Thyroid Disease
This Reprint presents novel developments in thyroid disease diagnosis and treatment, addressing both common and rare thyroid conditions. The collection emphasizes the evolution from traditional imaging-based assessments toward personalized, multi-parameter approaches that integrate patient demographics, molecular markers, and advanced technologies. Key contributions explore enhanced risk stratification methods for thyroid nodules, incorporating age, gender, and clinical variables alongside sonographic features to improve diagnostic precision. This Reprint examines shifting epidemiological patterns in thyroid cancer, revealing demographic changes and evolving disease presentations over the past two decades.Treatment innovations highlight refined radioiodine approaches for managing both benign goiter and differentiated thyroid cancer. Novel redifferentiation strategies targeting molecular pathways offer promising alternatives for patients with radioiodine-refractory disease. New developments in thyroid cancer biomarkers have resolved several longstanding analytical problems, with improved assays offering greater reliability and enhanced monitoring options. The Reprint also addresses specialized topics, encompassing pregnancy considerations in autoimmune thyroid disorders and surgical management strategies for uncommon conditions such as thyroid hormone resistance.
New Strategies in Preventing Inflammatory and/or Oxidative Stress-Induced Damages in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, 2nd Edition
This Reprint compiles recent advances in the understanding and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, a major challenge in modern medicine affecting organs such as the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and lung. This collection highlights the complex interplay between oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic imbalance, offering a comprehensive view of current experimental and translational strategies aimed at reducing tissue damage after reperfusion.The contributions in this Reprint explore novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches, ranging from natural compounds and molecular inhibitors to metabolic interventions and epigenetic modulation. Studies include the use of marine bioactive extracts, the modulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, extracellular vesicle-mediated protection, microRNA targeting, intermittent fasting, and complement inhibition.Together, these studies illustrate a paradigm shift from isolated antioxidant therapies toward integrated, multimodal strategies that combine redox control with immune and metabolic regulation. This Reprint provides valuable insights for researchers and clinicians seeking innovative approaches to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury across different organ systems and experimental models.
Clinical Management of Audiological Disorders
Profound sensorineural hearing loss can be successfully treated with cochlear implants. In recent decades, great success has been achieved for these devices when used in quiet environments. However, cochlear implant users still face challenges in everyday communication. These include, for example, soft or distant speech, reverberation, interference of speech by sounds with different temporal characteristics, and varying numbers and locations of interfering signals.There are a variety of approaches to address this challenge, including digital signal processing algorithms, bilateral and bimodal provision, etc. Furthermore, research methods utilized to study this topic include, e.g., psycho-acoustics, speech audiometry, electrophysiology, virtual acoustics, data-logging, and questionnaires.
Indian Pharmacy Laws
"Indian Pharmacy Laws: Foundations and Applications" is a seminal work that provides a unified and structured approach to understanding the intricate web of laws and regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry in India. The authors have carefully crafted each chapter to provide not only theoretical knowledge but also practical applications, using case studies, real-world examples, and detailed explanations to make the guide comprehensive and useful. The book covers a wide range of topics, including laws related to the manufacture, licensing, import, export, and sale of medicines, as well as emerging trends, global harmonization efforts, and the impact of evolving technologies and regulations on the industry. By bringing together all relevant topics under one roof, this book aims to empower its readers with the knowledge needed to succeed in the dynamic and highly regulated field of pharmaceuticals in India.
Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Oxidative Stress
Autophagy, a fundamental cellular mechanism, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by facilitating the removal of damaged organelles and proteins. Autophagy can be activated in response to various stressors, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, drugs, and virus-mediated infections. More and more evidence in recent years indicates that autophagy is a crucial mediator in the regulation of oxidative stress response.We have provided a comprehensive platform for researchers to delve into the cross-regulation between autophagy and oxidative stress. Topics will encompass the molecular mechanisms governing this crosstalk, its impact on cellular functions, and the implications for various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic diseases.
Advanced Image Processing and Computer Vision
Advanced image processing (AIP) and computer vision (CV) remain dynamic and rapidly evolving research areas that drive innovation across a wide range of real-world applications. AI has become a fundamental enabler of AIP and CV, enhancing their capabilities and expanding their impact in multiple domains. While current AI-based algorithms have achieved impressive results through data-driven approaches, many challenges persist, particularly when dealing with limited or low-quality data. These limitations highlight the need for novel methods that are capable of improving accuracy, robustness, and adaptability in complex environments.This Reprint brings together original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and in-depth technical studies focused on the development and application of innovative AI-based algorithms for AIP and CV. It emphasizes emerging approaches that address data scarcity, optimize performance in critical settings, and align with human-centric principles, including ethical and fair AI. Although special attention is given to medical and healthcare applications, the Reprint also reflects the broader relevance of these technologies across agriculture, environmental monitoring, and other applied fields.
Documentation and Pharmaceutical Regulatory Writing for Students and Practitioners
"Documentation and Pharmaceutical Regulatory Writing for Students and Practitioners" is an exhaustive resource that aims to bridge the gap between academic curricula and industry requirements in the pharmaceutical domain. The book is carefully crafted to serve as a comprehensive guide for students, academicians, and professionals seeking to master the intricacies of regulatory writing and documentation practices. It provides a thorough understanding of the key aspects of documentation, including regulatory dossiers, SOPs, validation protocols, and clinical trial documentation, as well as international regulatory guidelines from the FDA, EMA, and ICH. The book also places special emphasis on practical aspects, incorporating real-world examples, case studies, and checklists to provide a hands-on learning experience and facilitate application in professional scenarios.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory intestinal conditions of unknown cause. The main types are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Diagnosis typically involves clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and endoscopic features, along with radiological exams like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) enterography, which are crucial for diagnosing and staging CD. CT is effective for evaluating disease activity and complications, such as fistulas and strictures, particularly in acute cases. However, MRI has increasingly replaced CT due to its comparable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing CD and assessing disease activity without radiation exposure. IBDs require ongoing treatment to manage inflammation and prevent progression. The therapeutic options have expanded significantly with advanced therapies, including biological treatments and small molecules. Nevertheless, surgery remains necessary for complications like abscesses, fistulas, perforation, and strictures, which occur in 48%-52% of CD patients within five years, or for diseases that do not respond to medication. Regular monitoring and therapy adjustments are essential to assess treatment response and identify those needing surgery. This reprint provides information on clinical, diagnostic, and treatment methods for IBDs.
Cardiovascular Disease and Hemodialysis
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatments. The persistently elevated mortality rates in this population reflect not only the complexity of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in uremia but also the inadequacy of current preventive and therapeutic strategies. Beyond the clinical implications, this burden carries significant economic consequences for healthcare systems. These unique pathogenic mechanisms demand focused research efforts and tailored interventions to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population."Cardiovascular Disease and Hemodialysis" brings together original clinical research that deepens our understanding of the multifaceted cardiovascular burden in this population. The selected studies provide important insights into risk stratification, predictive biomarkers, treatment outcomes, and the pathophysiology of CVD in HD patients.
Ophthalmology
This reprint is a collection of articles originally published in the Special Issue "Ophthalmology: New Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches", including nine original peer-reviewed articles and an accompanying editorial. We hope that this reprint will serve as a useful resource for practicing ophthalmologists, vision scientists, and students in training.
Dental Materials
In recent years, the dental landscape has witnessed a dynamic transformation driven by digital technology and the rapid evolution of the dental industry. This transformation has given rise to the development and introduction of new materials across various dental disciplines, including prosthesis, restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. Regrettably, this surge in productivity has not always been paralleled by robust scientific research, resulting in clinicians encountering materials that may not necessarily outperform their predecessors. Consequently, there is a pressing need for further studies to establish substantial evidence for the efficacy of recently introduced dental materials.Under this backdrop, this reprint includes high-quality research articles, clinical studies, review articles, and case reports that delve into the latest advances and prospects of dental materials, spanning all fields of dentistry.
Management of Dyslipidaemias
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with low-density lipoproteins and other atherogenic lipoproteins, such as lipoprotein remnants, playing a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Beyond LDL cholesterol, the identification of biological, environmental, and genetic markers associated with remnant metabolism has improved cardiovascular risk prediction and informed treatment strategies. This Reprint examines rare and severe lipid disorders, including homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, refractory hypercholesterolemia, and severe hypertriglyceridemia, which continue to present major therapeutic challenges despite maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapies. It also highlights the rapid development of novel inhibitors such as PCSK9, ANGPTL3, and APOC3, as well as emerging therapies derived from new mechanistic pathways. In addition, the link between metabolic conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cardiovascular events is explored. Collectively, the articles in this Reprint provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of current advances, ongoing challenges, and future perspectives in lipid modification and cardiovascular risk management.
Fractional Mathematical Modelling
This Reprint presents recent advances in fractional calculus, organized into three main themes: theoretical developments, methodological advances, and applications. Theoretical contributions examine two forms of the Riemann-Liouville derivative and their impact on solution structures, and introduce anomalous diffusion models based on regularized general fractional derivatives with Sonin kernels. Methodological studies focus on improved analytical and numerical approaches, including the optimal q-Homotopy Analysis Method, iterative and perturbation techniques for nonlinear equations, and applications of the fractional differential quadrature method to nonlinear and high-dimensional systems. Applications demonstrate the breadth of fractional modeling, covering fuzzy systems and controllability, fractional-order boost converters, viscoelastic dampers, ZnO nanostructures, solar-cell charge dynamics, and personalized fractional-order controllers for anaesthesia. Together, these works highlight how fractional calculus continues to advance through theoretical developments, methodological advances, and practical applications across science, engineering, and medicine.
T.R.I.B.E (Touch Requires Integrity and Boldness Effortlessly)
As a massage therapist, touch is not just a technique but a fundamental aspect of the healing process. Through touch, therapists establish a connection with their clients that goes beyond words. It communicates empathy, understanding, and care, creating a safe space for relaxation and healing.Touch has a profound impact on both the physical and emotional well-being of individuals. Physically, massage therapy can relieve muscle tension, improve circulation, and promote overall relaxation. It can also alleviate chronic pain and enhance flexibility and range of motion.Beyond the physical benefits, touch has a significant impact on mental and emotional health. It can reduce stress and anxiety levels, promote feelings of comfort and security, and even elevate mood by triggering the release of endorphins, the body's natural feel-good hormones.For many clients, the touch provided by a massage therapist is a rare opportunity for human connection in an increasingly digitized world. It's a reminder of our shared humanity and the importance of nurturing relationships. In this way, massage therapy becomes not just a treatment for physical ailments but a holistic practice that addresses the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit.Ultimately, as a massage therapist, recognizing the importance of touch means understanding its power to heal and transform lives, one comforting embrace or soothing stroke at a time.
Toxicity and Human Health Assessment of Air Pollutants
Air pollution has been shown to be responsible for the morbidity and mortality of a variety of major diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that almost the whole global population breathes air that exceeds WHO guidelines and contains high levels of pollutants. To date, however, the key constituents of air pollution which impact health and the potential mechanisms remain largely unstudied. In addition, comprehensive assessments of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, high-quality cohort studies, and high-resolution model simulations of health impacts are still substantially sparse. Hence, assessing the health risks, identifying the toxic effects, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms are of great importance. This Reprint aims to understand the mechanisms of the health effects caused by air pollution and ensure accurate exposure assessments around ambient environments and inside human bodies, including a range of approaches-from epidemiological cohorts and toxicological studies-to elucidate the linkage between air pollutant exposure and the mechanisms related to health effects. The articles published in this Special Issue can be categorized into four main research directions: elucidating underlying toxicity mechanisms, identifying critical exposure windows and vulnerable populations in epidemiological studies, exploring the impact on postoperative populations, and estimating the association between air pollutant exposure and health effects.
Risk Factors and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
This compilation, originating from the Special Issue "Risk Factors and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases", presents a collection of recent research articles as well as reviews and meta-analyses focusing on the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and original approaches to preventive action. This is important, as cardiovascular diseases still remain the leading causes of premature mortality worldwide, representing the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The comprehensive discussion of the bench-to-bedside approach conducted herein enables us to understand the importance of various experiments in medicine, including laboratory and biochemical tests identifying values such as albumin and aldosterone concentrations, in addition to the significance of imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance, as powerful diagnostic tools for cardiovascular diseases. Readers will encounter numerous interesting explorations into the influence of obesity, hypertension, sedimentary lifestyles, smoking habits, and physical exercise on health status. Studies in this collection evaluate the role of pre-workout supplements in cardiovascular heath, reviewing the current knowledge regarding their effectiveness. Moreover, the divergencies in cardiovascular risk factors based on ethnicity are also discussed.Eventually, this volume may serve as a source of ideas for primary and secondary prevention techniques, playing a role in diminishing the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, addressing the issues of treatment adherence and compliance in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is of great value.
Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) began in the 1970s and has prevented countless cases of intellectual disability through early detection and treatment. Yet, nearly 70% of newborns worldwide still lack access to CH screening. Despite over fifty years of experience, important questions remain about screening algorithms, genetic causes, and optimal follow-up care. This Special Issue reprint of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening brings together contributions from ten countries, addressing topics such as testing strategies, screening in low- and middle-income countries, premature infants, and rare or central forms of CH. Together, these papers highlight global progress in CH screening and the continuing need to expand access and refine practice to ensure every newborn benefits from early diagnosis and treatment.
