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Advances in Regional Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Management
Regional anaesthesia (RA) and acute pain medicine have advanced markedly over recent decades, reshaping modern patient care. Ultrasound-guided RA has become the standard of practice, offering improved efficacy, safety, and ease of performance and driving wider clinical adoption. Its integration with acute pain management strategies has significantly enhanced patient outcomes, reducing opioid requirements and supporting faster recovery. Despite this progress, the field continues to evolve. Novel nerve blocks and contemporary pain management approaches require ongoing evaluation and refinement. This Special Issue aims to present current evidence, address key themes, and explore future directions in RA and acute pain medicine. The journal and the Guest Editor invite readers to engage with the impactful contributions featured in this collection.
Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, emerges from intersecting genetic risk, environmental exposures, microbiota shifts, and mucosal immune dysregulation. This Reprint, "Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches (2nd Edition)," integrates 18 peer reviewed articles that connect mechanisms to practice. Mechanism guided targets include epithelial barrier injury, innate immune and pyroptosis pathways, bile acid signaling, and candidate genes such as SLC26A2 with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Microbiome aware care spans mucosa associated dysbiosis, oral fungi and herpesviruses as extra intestinal reservoirs, dietary signals such as coffee consumption, and emerging interventions from refined fecal microbiota transplantation to next generation probiotics. Model informed therapeutics evaluate route and dose optimization with physiologically based pharmacokinetics for infliximab, external validation of vedolizumab population pharmacokinetic models, pharmacogenetic markers of biologic response, and comparative effectiveness of subcutaneous versus intravenous IL 12/23 blockade. Patient centered outcomes and complications are addressed through evidence on postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease, extraintestinal manifestations including ocular involvement, and the role of acceptance and perceived control in health experience. A genetics study links IBD to related immune mediated diseases and identifies novel loci, sharpening paths to precision care.
Natural Products with Pharmaceutical Activities
Nature has long been recognised as a crucial source for developing pharmaceutical agents, with many modern drug discoveries originating from naturally occurring substances. Over two-thirds of all anticancer drugs today are derived directly from unaltered natural compounds or are inspired by natural product pharmacophores. Natural products derived from plants, marine organisms, fungi, and other sources often exhibit diverse biological activities that are essential to drug discovery and development. This Reprint is a collection of articles showcasing current research and comprehensive reviews that explore natural compounds from diverse biological sources, including 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate derived from plants in the ginger family, a natural flavonoid isolated from the calyces and flowers of Roselle, a dichloromethane extract from Salvia guevarae plants of South America, and many more. Sustainability and circular use of resources are also emerging themes in natural product research, with articles in this Reprint showcasing promising pharmaceutical candidates from bio-waste. Beyond conventional plant-based sources, novel natural sources derived from bacteria and organic gemstones were also explored for their pharmaceutical activities. Collectively, these works demonstrate the growing integration of sustainability, innovation, and multidisciplinary approaches in natural product research.
Targeted Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease
The shoulder is a complex system of functionally interconnected and coordinated joints. Together with the elbow joint and the hand, it guides and stabilizes the reaching movement of the upper limb. The functional role of the shoulder and elbow is twofold: to provide stability to the joint complex and to allow for a wide range of motion in the shoulder girdle; and, through the elbow joint, to allow for quick and precise movements. These qualities -stability, freedom of movement, and speed-are impacted if any of the numerous anatomical components are damaged by trauma, inflammation, or the peripheral or central nervous system. Rotator cuff injuries, whether traumatic or due to functional overload; arthrosis; and heterotopic ossification are the most common pathologies of the shoulder complex, while specific tendinopathies, with or without heterotopic ossification, are conditions that specifically affect the elbow. From these premises, the idea of promoting a Special Issue dedicated to "Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease" was born, which led to interesting reflections in light of the new diagnostic, surgical, and rehabilitative treatment proposals on this topic. The authors and the different scientific works included address the issue of patient care in shoulder and elbow complex diseases, both in terms of diagnosis, surgical and rehabilitative treatment, and also in light of the new opportunities offered by artificial intelligence.
Recent Advances in Spine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment
This Special Issue highlights clinically impactful progress in the diagnosis and management of spinal tumors. The collected articles span the full spectrum of contemporary care, from optimal treatment strategies for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression to local control and vertebral fracture risk after stereotactic body radiotherapy. Several studies investigate predictors of surgical outcomes, including nutritional status, cervical instability scoring, instrumentation-related complications, and bone quality metrics such as Hounsfield unit measurements. In parallel, two systematic reviews demonstrate the emerging role played by artificial intelligence in prognosis prediction and imaging analysis, reflecting the next advancement in personalized cancer care. Unique case-based insights, including BioGlue(R)-related complications, further enrich practical understanding. Together, these contributions underscore the importance of multidisciplinary decision-making, outcome optimization, and innovation in surgical, radiotherapeutic, and technological approaches. This Special Issue provides a timely resource for clinicians seeking evidence-based guidance to improve patient survival, function, and quality of life.
Cutting-Edge Concepts in Knee Surgery
This Reprint brings together selected research articles from the Special Issue "Cutting-Edge Concepts in Knee Surgery" published in Medicina. It covers a broad range of contemporary topics in knee surgery, including joint preservation, ligament reconstruction, meniscal repair, and arthroplasty. The contributions address both technical and clinical dimensions of knee surgery, integrating biomechanical principles with patient-related factors and clinical outcomes. By presenting these perspectives together, the Reprint provides a balanced and clinically relevant overview of current approaches to knee interventions. This volume is intended as a practical reference for orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine specialists seeking evidence-based insights into modern knee surgery.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the Facial Skeleton, Oral Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
The scope of diseases of the sinuses and adjacent bones, teeth, and close anatomical sites requires good diagnostics with CT, MR, SPECT, and other imaging methods to ensure the best treatment plan possible. Excluding any primary, secondary or metastatic tumors improves patient outcomes. Various odontogenic, non-odontogenic lesions in jaw bones might be treated with vast possibilities and scope of approaches. Modern dentistry and improved endodontics can easily help in treating odontogenic sinus infections and lesions, while the scope of endoscopic FESS procedures performed by otorhinolaryngologists grants good and accurate treatment for most diseases.In some cases, when endoscopic or conservative methods of treatment are not sufficient, some standard open surgical approach is needed to remove a cyst, tumor, or another lesion within the sinus walls, antrum, maxillary jaw bones, eye socket, and surrounding craniofacial area. Typical bone related diseases and lesions like dysplasia, fibrous, or fibro-osseous bone lesions might require some osteoplasty approaches, bone modeling or even decompression approaches. Since the scope of cranio-facial diseases is quite enormous, it is important to use adequate radiological and histopathological diagnostics before proceeding further with the scheduled treatment plan.
Killed by Fragrance
Killed by FragranceWhat if the scent in the air is not harmless but biologically active?Fragrance is everywhere. It is in perfumes, air fresheners, laundry detergents, cleaning sprays, candles, personal care products, and even medical settings. Marketed as clean, fresh, and safe, synthetic fragrance has become a normal part of daily life. Yet growing scientific research tells a more complex story.In Killed by Fragrance, Dr. Joseph Jacobs, Doctor of Physical Therapy and Advanced Clinical Nutritionist, examines the evidence linking synthetic fragrance exposure to inflammation, hormone disruption, neurological symptoms, immune activation, and respiratory distress.Many fragranced products contain mixtures of volatile organic compounds, endocrine disruptors, and neuroactive chemicals. Because "fragrance" can legally represent dozens or even hundreds of undisclosed ingredients, consumers often have no way of knowing what they are inhaling.Fragrance is not just scent. It is chemistry. Chemistry interacts with the body.This book explains: - How fragrance chemicals can activate the limbic system and alter the stress response- Why some people develop migraines, fatigue, brain fog, asthma-like symptoms, or skin reactions after exposure- How endocrine disrupting chemicals may interfere with thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol signaling- Why fragrance reactions often do not appear on standard allergy testing- How cumulative indoor air exposure may contribute to chronic inflammationFor individuals struggling with unexplained symptoms, chemical sensitivity, fragrance sensitivity, migraines, autoimmune conditions, hormone imbalance, or chronic fatigue, this book offers clarity grounded in scientific research.If you have ever felt sick in a scented environment and were told it was "all in your head," this book changes the conversation.Killed by Fragrance moves beyond opinion and into toxicology, neurology, environmental health, and regulatory science. It examines labeling laws, indoor air quality, and the normalization of involuntary chemical exposure in shared spaces.Most importantly, it provides practical strategies to reduce toxic exposure, improve indoor air quality, protect children and vulnerable individuals, and support the body's natural healing processes.In an age of rising chronic illness and environmental toxic load, understanding the health effects of synthetic fragrance is essential.The air you breathe matters.
Advancements in Heart Failure Research
This Reprint presents a curated collection of peer-reviewed articles from the Special Issue "Advancements in Heart Failure Research: 2nd Edition", published in Life. Highlighting recent progress in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure, with a focus on molecular mechanisms, pharmacological interventions, and translational strategies, the Reprint aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students engaged in cardiovascular science and therapeutic innovation.
Minimal Access Cardiac Surgery
As with all areas of surgical practice, there has been a move in recent years towards minimally invasive approaches to many operations. For example, VATS lobectomy is becoming the standard of care. In cardiac surgery, I think it is fair to term these approaches as minimal access, rather than minimally invasive, since the invasiveness of the surgery, in terms of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic arrest, the opening of cardiac chambers, and other aspects, is much the same. There is an increasing number of centres offering minimal-access cardiac surgery, and the range of procedures offered is expanding. Patients like the idea of minimal-access procedures for a range of reasons: improved cosmesis, the perception of faster recovery, and reduced pain. Interestingly, though, there remains some scepticism among the cardiac surgical community as to the true benefit of minimal-access cardiac surgery. Indeed, very few randomised controlled trials that compare outcomes to standard cardiac surgery remain.In some ways, it is this scepticism that prompts this timely Special Issue Reprint, where the current status of minimal-access cardiac surgery has been explored, together with consideration of future advances and directions, in order to provide the cardiac surgical community with a robust contemporary review of the current literature.
Addressing Challenges in Child Mental Health
This Reprint addresses the urgent need to study and promote child mental health from a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective. Childhood and adolescence are critical stages for cognitive, emotional, and social development, yet in recent years, mental health disorders in this population have significantly increased worldwide. Issues such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder have a profound impact on children's quality of life and long-term outcomes. This Reprint compiles recent research exploring risk and protective factors, effective interventions, and public health strategies aimed at promoting psychological well-being in young people. It highlights the importance of understanding current challenges-including stigma, limited access to services, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-and the need for innovative strategies involving health professionals, educators, families, and communities.
Botulinum Toxin for Urinary Tract Disease
Botulinum toxin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for neurogenic bladder and in 2013 for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). In this Special Issue, we address the question of where we stand with this therapy a decade later. Has it prevailed and been proven useful? Which techniques have become established, and how were they optimized? Are more practical ways of distribution on the way? What acceptance problems or obstacles to long-term use might exist among patients or doctors? What are the risks? Has the therapy gained a foothold in the outpatient sector?
Interventional Radiology
The Reprint "Interventional Radiology towards Personalized Medicine" brings together a collection of articles highlighting how image-guided procedures are increasingly integrated into precision-based clinical pathways. The Reprint explores the evolving role of interventional radiology in tailoring treatments to individual patient characteristics, improving therapeutic efficacy, limiting complications, and expanding minimally invasive options across a wide range of conditions. The contributions illustrate advances in imaging-based decision making, technological innovation, patient selection, and outcome prediction, offering a comprehensive and current overview of the field. This Reprint provides clinicians, researchers, and trainees with an updated perspective on how interventional radiology contributes to personalized care and how emerging tools such as radiomics and artificial intelligence are shaping future practice.
Research on Chemical Composition and Activity of Natural Products
Nature is an inexhaustible source of biologically active substances, and interest in their research will always be relevant, regardless of whether new molecules will be discovered or new activities of already known compounds will be proven. For centuries, people have used the bounty of nature in the areas they inhabited, both for food and medicine. Today, the borders have taken on another dimension, and the accumulated knowledge about the benefits of natural products is becoming available to many more people around the world. From an ecological point of view, it is extremely important to recover waste from agriculture and the food sector, which is a potential source of biologically important molecules. Modern science allows studying the metabolism of compounds of natural origin at the cellular level, modifying natural molecules in order to obtain derivatives with better activity or lower toxicity, and conducting in-depth research on a wide range of pharmacological effects.Therefore, this Special Issue of Molecules presents the latest advances in the isolation, identification of new molecules from natural sources, biological effects of plant extracts and essential oils, and utilization of waste products.
Natural Products in Photodynamic Therapy
This Reprint presents an integrated and contemporary overview of natural photosensitizers and their applications in photodynamic therapy. It brings together experimental, mechanistic, and translational studies that demonstrate how plant-derived and microbial chromophores can be harnessed to produce cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects upon controlled light activation. This Reprint highlights advances in molecular photobiology, photophysical characterization, and cellular responses, as well as innovations in nanoformulations that improve solubility, stability, and therapeutic selectivity. Particular attention is given to antimicrobial resistance, oncologic applications, and neglected diseases in which photodynamic therapy offers accessible and minimally invasive alternatives. By combining fundamental science with clinically relevant perspectives, this Reprint provides a comprehensive synthesis of current progress and emerging directions in the development of natural photosensitizers for modern photodynamic therapy.
The Role of Telemedicine in Transforming Healthcare Delivery
Telemedicine is vital for enhancing healthcare access, convenience, and efficiency. It overcomes traditional barriers by enabling people in remote or underserved areas to receive care without extensive travel, addressing provider shortages in isolated regions. It also supports vulnerable populations (those who are elderly or have a disability or chronic conditions) who find in-person visits difficult. Telemedicine facilitates follow-up care and chronic disease management using mobile apps and wearable devices for obtaining real-time patient data. This remote monitoring improves outcomes and reduces hospital readmissions. Implementation Challenges and Key Focus Areas: Effective implementation requires addressing healthcare disparities, reimbursement policies, and patient access to technology and training. Despite these hurdles, telemedicine is an essential tool globally.This Special Issue focuses on the following topics: Patient Education: Informing patients about benefits and availability; Provider Training: Equipping staff for virtual exams, platform use, and privacy; Remote Monitoring: Using devices to collect data for chronic condition management; Workflow Optimization: Streamlining scheduling for efficient appointments; Telemedicine Apps: Developing user-friendly apps for scheduling, reminders, and records; Emergency Protocols: Establishing clear procedures for virtual appointment emergencies.
Future Challenges for the Diagnosis and Management of Affective Disorders
This Special Issue presents preclinical and clinical research aimed at reframing the diagnosis and treatment of affective disorders beyond classical neurobiological models. It includes a meta-analysis comparing single- versus two-dose psilocybin administration in major depressive disorder, clarifying its efficacy and dose-dependency. Another study uses network analysis of exposome scores to link environmental exposure with multidimensional psychopathology in non-clinical samples, while the effects of light pollution on affective health highlight chronobiological disruption in mood disorder etiology.Diagnostic and clinical dimensions are explored through research on polarity at bipolar disorder onset, mapping temperamental correlates and long-term trajectories. Biomarker studies report elevated mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels associated with suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder and evaluate BDNF's validity in bipolar disorder. Perinatal and familial aspects are explored in a structural equation modeling study showing how attachment-related coping mediates postpartum depressive symptoms and which develops a protocol for a randomized clinical trial for a psychoeducational family intervention in major depressive disorder. Together, these contributions outline a multidimensional landscape integrating environmental, temperamental, biological, and psychosocial determinants.
Current Progress and Future Directions of Spine Surgery
This Special Issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future of spine surgery. Featured in this Reprint are original and review articles on recent developments and advancements in surgical techniques, as well as novel technologies for spine surgery, that have markedly improved clinical outcomes in patients with spinal diseases and deformities. These articles cover a vast array of emerging surgical technologies, including robotic-assisted spine surgery, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and artificial intelligence. Examining current progress and anticipating the future direction of spine surgery through these innovative articles will expand our horizons and deepen our understanding of this challenging field.The Reprint categorizes articles by subject in the following order: 1) machine learning and artificial intelligence; 2) recent advancements in deformity surgery; 3) osteo-biology; and 4) minimally invasive surgery.
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is a major global public health problem and a leading driver of healthcare use and its associated costs. Clinical management remains challenging because chronic pain is multidimensional and requires a patient-centred approach that is consistent with the current biopsychosocial paradigm. Importantly, more than 85% of presentations are labelled "non-specific", highlighting the limited diagnostic yield of conventional imaging for identifying a single pathoanatomical cause. Pain chronification arises from interacting mechanisms spanning molecular, psychological, and social levels, creating an urgent need for high-quality research that refines diagnostic strategies, improves patient stratification, and enables more targeted care.This Special Issue includes the following topics: imaging and neuroimaging; somatosensory profiling (e.g., quantitative sensory testing); clinical prediction and risk models; biomarkers and digital phenotyping; new proposals for clinically meaningful phenotypes or endotypes; evaluations of diagnostic pathways; and demonstrations of how improved classification informs treatment selection, prognosis, and patient-relevant outcomes. The overarching aim is to move beyond the broad-and often unhelpful-category of "non-specific" chronic pain.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapy in Intensive Care Unit
This Reprint brings together cutting-edge contributions that address the acute and evolving challenge of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care setting. Critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) face a disproportionate burden of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, demanding a rigorous appraisal of both epidemiological trends and therapeutic strategies. In this collection we highlight three interconnected domains: (1) the dynamic epidemiology of key pathogens in ICUs, including Gram-negative bacilli, non-fermenters, and other high-risk bacteria; (2) advances in microbiological diagnostics-encompassing rapid molecular methods, phenotypic detection, and real-time therapeutic guidance techniques; and (3) optimization of antimicrobial therapy grounded in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, novel agents, and stewardship frameworks tailored to the critical-care environment. The aim is to offer clinicians, microbiologists, and researchers a coherent resource that merges mechanistic insights with practical treatment algorithms for complex resistance mechanisms. By integrating surveillance data, therapeutic case series, and reviews of emerging antimicrobials, this Reprint supports evidence-based decision-making and fosters interdisciplinary collaboration in the fight against antimicrobial resistance in intensive care.
Inflammation
Inflammation refers to the defensive response of living tissue with vascular system to inflammatory factors and local damage. When your body activates the immune system, it releases inflammatory cells. These cells attack infection from external pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Inflammation is a protective mechanism for the body. However, in relation to disease, certain factors can activate an inflammatory responses, such as, bad diet, sedentary lifestyles, environmental factors, etc. Ongoing inflammation, or chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and development of diseases. In this Topic, papers are presented in relation to the links between inflammation and disease.
Advances in Organic Synthesis in Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and Materials
This carefully curated collection Reprint together cutting-edge research that highlights the transformative role of organic synthesis across diverse scientific domains. From novel catalytic systems to sustainable reaction designs, the Reprint showcases how modern synthetic chemistry continues to drive innovation in drug discovery, agrochemical development, and functional materials. It not only reflects the current state of organic synthesis but also underscores a growing emphasis on sustainability-through the use of earth-abundant metals, stable oxidants, and domino processes that minimize waste and steps. It bridges organic, inorganic, and materials chemistry, illustrating the interdisciplinary collaboration essential for future breakthroughs.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Therapy of Clinically Relevant Bacteria
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health problem of major importance, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the current antibiotic armamentarium is not sufficient to face future challenges. The antibiotic pipeline is not providing new compounds at a sufficient speed for various reasons, and thus, few novel drugs have reached clinical practice lately; old, formerly abandoned antimicrobials are increasingly used as last-resort treatment options. At this pace, untreatable infections could emerge on a large scale, and the world may experience, in some cases, dramatic situations of the pre-antibiotic era. Already, clinicians in endemic areas routinely encounter patients with infections that do not respond to available treatments, and laboratories often report multidrug-resistant (MDR) or even pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. In this context, continuous monitoring of the resistance mechanisms' epidemiology, as well as knowledge regarding treatment options for clinically relevant bacteria, are of great interest to health-care professionals. This Reprint includes articles that present new data on antimicrobial resistance and epidemiology of MDR bacterial infections of key clinical importance, as well as suitable therapeutic options for their treatment. Hopefully, these contributions will both practically benefit the readership and stimulate further research in the field.
Drug Candidates for Allergic Diseases
Over the last two decades, novel drugs have emerged, paving the way for the personalized management of allergic diseases. Bronchoscopy studies and mouse models of asthma have provided initial insights into the mechanisms of allergic inflammation, establishing the role of Th2 type 2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-5 IL-13, leading to the development of several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting these cytokines. Omalizumab was the first mAb used successfully to treat severe asthma patients. Subsequently, other drugs emerged, including antibodies that block IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab) and the IL-5 receptor (benralizumab), the IL-4/IL-13 receptor alpha chain (dupilumab), and the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tezepelumab). These novel biologicals have been shown to be effective alternative therapies to corticosteroids, particularly in severe asthma management, where they have improved the quality of life of many patients. Given their success in asthma, these drugs have been used in other allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, eosinophilic esophagitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Currently, a number of novel antagonists targeting other inflammatory mediators are still in the preclinical stages of development.
Recent Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
This Special Issue of Medicina, entitled "Recent Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases", is dedicated to the state of the art in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and aims to be highly beneficial in clinical practice, enhance public health, and provide the latest information on innovations in the field of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are a major global health problem with increasing prevalence, which are linked to high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases do not have diagnostic criteria and are instead guided by classification criteria, so the confirmation of a diagnosis is often delayed. As highly heterogeneous diseases, they involve complex pathophysiological mechanisms, resulting in variations in treatment responses among individuals. This heterogeneity underscores the need for individualized and precise treatment strategies and encourages patient-centered collaboration between clinicians and researchers.Challenges remain in the field of rheumatology due to an aging population, the complexity of diseases, the need to manage comorbidity, the need to address health disparities between different population groups, and the challenges associated with the effective and appropriate integration of new technologies into the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Advances in Prevention and Management of Celiac Disease
This Reprint presents the latest advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease (CD), a multifactorial autoimmune disorder with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. CD not only responds to gluten exposure but also involves a genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), immune dysregulation, microbiome and intestinal barrier alterations, and environmental triggers. The collected works explore the full spectrum of these mechanisms, from population-based public health interventions and eating attitudes in adults, to nutritional quality and early evaluation in children commencing a gluten-free diet (GFD). The studies also highlight innovations in emerging diagnostic monitoring omics strategies that are facilitating progress towards precision medicine in CD. Through a multidisciplinary lens encompassing clinicians, nutrition experts, and molecular scientists, this Reprint delivers a comprehensive, current, and translational overview of CD in children and adults, with the goal of shaping future research and improving patient outcomes.
Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer
The management of prostate cancer has evolved significantly due to advances in imaging, molecular biology, and therapy. Historically, treatment options were limited to radical prostatectomy and conventional radiotherapy. Today, radiotherapy employs precise image-guided and intensity-modulated techniques, such as IMRT and VMAT, which deliver higher tumor doses with reduced toxicity. Innovations like IGRT and SBRT have improved targeting accuracy, enabling hypofractionated regimens that achieve excellent tumor control. Emerging approaches, including MRI-guided radiotherapy and proton therapy, offer even greater precision.Focal therapies-such as HIFU, cryotherapy, and irreversible electroporation-target only the cancerous areas of the prostate, aiming to balance oncologic control with preservation of quality of life. Precision medicine is further transforming care through genomic profiling and molecular imaging (e.g., PSMA-PET), enhancing risk stratification and personalizing treatment. Novel systemic therapies, including PARP inhibitors, androgen receptor-targeted agents, and radioligand therapies, provide new options for patients with advanced disease. Overall, the integration of advanced radiotherapy techniques, focal therapies, and precision medicine is reshaping prostate cancer management, improving outcomes and quality of life.
Posture, Balance, and Gait
This Reprint compiles peer reviewed research articles from the Special Issue "Posture, Balance, and Gait Assessment Techniques and Rehabilitation Strategies", published in the Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. It presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary research addressing the biomechanical, sensory motor, and neural mechanisms underlying posture control, balance regulation, and gait performance.The Reprint includes experimental studies, systematic reviews, and applied clinical research focused on objective assessment methods, wearable and sensor based technologies, and evidence based rehabilitation interventions. The contributions span diverse populations, including older adults, individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions, children with movement disorders, and physically active adults, reflecting the broad clinical relevance of movement impairments across the lifespan.By integrating foundational science with clinically meaningful applications, this Reprint supports evidence based decision making and knowledge translation in physiotherapy and rehabilitation sciences. It serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, educators, and postgraduate students seeking an up to date synthesis of advances in posture, balance, and gait assessment and rehabilitation.
Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
"Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition." of this comprehensive guide. Designed for pharmacy and allied field graduates, this book, "Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry-Principles & Practice," is a treasure trove of synthetic and analytical approaches essential for both academic and industrial realms.Embark on a journey through 64 enlightening chapters, where the art of synthesizing drugs and drug intermediates is unveiled alongside their pharmaceutical significance and underlying reaction mechanisms. Delve into the realm of green synthetic strategies, where alternative reagents and safety precautions take center stage, promising a sustainable approach to drug synthesis. From conducting limit tests to qualitative analyses of diverse compounds, this book intricately details organic-medicinal compound estimations, active principle isolations, and the nitty-gritty of general laboratory practices. With a reader-friendly approach to complex experiments that require no specialized equipment, this book is a must-have for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the nuanced world of Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry.
Advance Organic Chemistry-I
"Advanced Organic Chemistry-I" by Y. V. D. Nageswar and Pooja Chawla is a meticulously crafted resource that covers the entire M.Pharm 1st year Organic Chemistry syllabus. The book is divided into five chapters, providing a comprehensive understanding of basic aspects of organic chemistry, name reactions, protecting groups, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, and retrosynthesis. With a focus on current research trends, the book includes several reactions as examples, literature references, and guidelines for molecular dissection. The authors have drawn upon various outstanding textbooks of Organic Chemistry, making this book an invaluable resource for students and faculty members seeking to deepen their understanding of advanced organic chemistry concepts.
Antimicrobial Alternatives Against Resilient Oral Biofilms
As dentistry advances, novel compounds and tools are being developed to maintain oral health and/or treat dental/periodontal infections. Dental caries (tooth decay) requires proper management to avoid this disease and, eventually, tooth extraction.Extensive literature documents the pathogenic role of certain microorganisms and their ability to persist in the oral cavity as a complex microbial community, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Dental plaque is stubbornly resistant to common cleaning procedures with mouthwashes, toothpastes and toothbrushes, as well as to antimicrobial drugs and host immune defenses. Orthodontic treatments such as orthodontic appliances create additional habitats for microbial growth and further disease.There is a wide variety of oral pathogens that are commonly found in the mouth, including fungal and bacterial pathogens, many of which are associated with antimicrobial resistance. Continuous development and study of innovative tools and compounds is required to facilitate microbial removal and maintenance of oral homeostasis.The aim of this book is to examine the effects of innovative antimicrobial compounds against oral biofilms. In line with previous studies, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were chosen as representative members of different groups of pathogens, namely Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi, due to their high degree of tolerance to chemical and physical stresses. Ultimately, this book will add to the literature on an important aspect of human health that remains a persistent problem and impacts everyone.
The Sacred Geometry Materia Medica
A Materia Medica for professional homeopaths, home practitioners, students and teachers of homeopathy. What if there is another layer to constitutional prescribing that expands beyond conventional personalities and archetypes? What if there is a way to constitutionally prescribe for the soul? Sacred Geometry speaks to the blueprint of our soul. These 19 Sacred Geometry remedies truly are remedies for our time as we evolve into a New Earth and as New Humans. They include the Golden Spiral, Flower of Life, Vector Equilibrium, the Platonic Solids, the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun, and the Pleiades. Key themes include alignment, our soul's purpose, truth, presence, wisdom, healthy boundaries, connection, love and sovereignty. Journeying from the beginnings of this adventure where the Golden Spiral remedy began close to the Meridian Line in Greenwich Park, London, to the Bosnian Pyramids and the Northern Territories in the Australian outback, these remedies have brought together some of the most remarkable energies from across the world.
Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Nature and Their Applications
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most pressing global challenges, threatening both public health and the sustainability of food and medical systems. In the search for new solutions, increasing attention is being directed toward nature as a source of diverse bioactive compounds that may provide effective and safe alternatives to conventional antibiotics.This Special Issue of Antibiotics focuses on the discovery, characterization, and application of novel natural antimicrobial agents. It highlights studies investigating plant extracts, essential oils, microbial metabolites, and compounds derived from marine organisms, with particular emphasis on understanding their mechanisms of action, from the inhibition of virulence factors to the development of nano formulations and biotechnological delivery systems.Equally important are studies that link natural antimicrobials with practical applications in medicine, food preservation, environmental protection, and the conservation of cultural heritage. Together, these contributions demonstrate that sustainable solutions for combating infections can still be found in nature, supported by modern scientific insight and technological innovation.
Management of Pancreatic Cancer
This reprint includes a variety of original studies and reviews addressing the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer, a highly lethal disease that still has poor prognosis and limited curative-intent therapeutic resources. This reprint also includes studies addressing potential predictors of pancreatic cancer development.
Botulinum Toxins
This Reprint is configured as a continuation of the previous volume entitled "Botulinum Toxins: New Uses in the Treatment of Diseases", of which it constitutes the second volume. The purpose of this Reprint is to update the scientific community on the possible developments in the new therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin, also considering the fact that, to date, the list of human pathologies in which botulinum toxin produces favorable effects is constantly growing. This Reprint contains contributions of various natures, such as reviews, research articles (both on animal models and clinical studies), case reports, or off-label indications. It also includes contributions explaining the mechanisms of action of botulinum toxins in the various pathologies for which they exert their therapeutic action.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Research
This Reprint highlights the rapidly growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in advancing spine research and clinical care. By harnessing large-scale data and sophisticated algorithms, AI and ML are transforming traditional approaches to diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction for spinal disorders. The contributions in this Reprint illustrate how these technologies improve imaging analysis, enable personalized treatment strategies, and support predictive modeling to enhance patient outcomes. This Reprint also addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI-driven research, including data quality, algorithm transparency, and clinical integration. Through a collection of recent studies and reviews, it offers an in-depth overview of how AI and ML are shaping the future of spine medicine, from automated imaging interpretation to predictive analytics and patient-specific care. This Reprint serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, and technologists seeking to understand and apply AI and ML innovations within the field of spine research. It underscores the potential of these technologies to revolutionize diagnostics; improve therapeutic precision; and contribute to safer, more effective, and personalized spinal healthcare.
2nd Edition of Innovation in Chemical Plant Design
In an era where chemical engineering systems must meet evolving demands, such as greater sustainability, leaner footprints, and smarter integration, the 2nd Edition of Innovation in Chemical Plant Design in Processes invited innovative contributions to redefine how we conceive, build, and operate chemical production plants. Building on the success of the first edition, this Special Issue highlighted advances across several synergistic fronts: process intensification and modularization; novel (bio-)based or low-impact energy systems; digitalization, control and automation in plant analytics; advanced materials, nanotechnologies, and smart reactors; and circular-economy strategies applied to chemical-plant design in sectors such as energy, food/agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and construction. Whether presenting conceptual layouts, techno-economic environmental assessments, system simulation, experimental pilot-scale validation, or full-scale case studies, these papers articulated how design choices drive performance, resource efficiency, safety, and sustainability. In this issue, original research articles and review articles clearly address innovation in process design, highlighting trends, challenges, and future directions.
Vitreoretinal Disease
This Reprint provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of vitreoretinal diseases, their clinical features, and the latest progress in diagnosis and treatment. Vitreoretinal diseases encompass a wide spectrum of ocular conditions affecting the vitreous, retina, and surrounding structures, posing major challenges for both patients and clinicians.The articles in this collection address the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors of disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and vitreomacular traction. Contributing authors highlight new diagnostic tools that enable earlier and more accurate detection of these conditions. Emphasizing innovative therapeutic and surgical strategies, this Reprint discusses advances in intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and emerging pharmacological approaches, with attention to their efficacy and safety.By gathering contributions from leading experts, this Reprint serves as a valuable reference for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers. It aims to enhance understanding, promote timely diagnosis, and improve patient management and visual outcomes in vitreoretinal diseases.
Natural Products and Their Modifications as Agents Used in the Fight against Pathogens
The increasing resistance of bacterial strains to commercially available antibiotics remains one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine. Consequently, the identification and characterization of novel bioactive compounds of natural origin have become essential in combating this global issue. Equally crucial is the preservation of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic homeostasis and overall health. Natural extracts exhibit diverse biological activities and frequently exert protective effects on the gut microbiota. Therefore, the rational design and selection of chemical modifications that enhance antimicrobial activity while simultaneously supporting immune functions, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, are of particular scientific interest.This Reprint brings together research and review articles focusing on these key aspects. It presents studies comparing the biological activity of pathogenic bacterial strains and/or intestinal microbiota in the presence of natural compounds and their chemically modified derivatives. Manuscripts included in this collection also explore the bioactivity of crude plant extracts, isolated compounds, and dominant phytochemical combinations naturally occurring in plants. Moreover, this Reprint highlights the potential of extracts and their major constituents' processes. These approaches represent a promising direction in the ongoing development of novel therapeutic strategies against infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
Pharmacology - III
Dive into the intricate world of pharmacology with "Pharmacology - III," a comprehensive and indispensable guide for students of pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry. With 35 detailed chapters, this book offers thorough insights into the mechanisms of drug action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, therapeutic indications, and drug interactions. From fundamental studies to clinical management, this text provides a solid pharmacological foundation for rational drug use in therapeutics. Filled with diagrams, tables, and the latest advancements in the field, "Pharmacology - III" is a must-have resource that promises to engage and educate readers with its in-depth exploration of drug science.
New Advances in COVID-19 and Pregnancy
Based on what is known at this time, pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 compared to nonpregnant women. Additionally, pregnant women with COVID-19 might have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the mortality of pregnant and postpartum women. Worldwide, there are more than 140 million births every year, and pregnant women are potentially at risk for adverse outcomes of novel coronavirus. Although maternal mortality has been reported in some studies, limited information is available about SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill pregnant women who are hospitalized for COVID-19.This Special Issue summarizes well-established data on the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in pregnant women, maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with COVID-19, the risk of vertical transmission of the virus, and the effect of SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal outcomes. The data provided by the papers included in this Special Issue will allow researchers to determine the maternal, fetal, and neonatal risk associated with SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy and may help to provide evidenced-based and personalized recommendations for the care of pregnant women with COVID-19.
Pocket Acute Medicine
Stay calm, act fast - this structured reference helps you handle acute cases with confidence. Pocket Acute Medicine is designed for quick and easy use during shifts, providing guidance across more than 100 topics and conditions in emergency and acute medicine. From electrolyte imbalances and respiratory problems to post-operative complications and pharmacotherapy, it equips you with the essentials for safe, effective patient care.Inside you will find concise explanations, practical flowcharts, and structured summaries. Starting with foundational knowledge such as care for critically ill patients and resuscitation, it progresses through common presentations and management strategies, finishing with essential guidance on palliative care. It even includes a detailed FAQ to help you handle common on-call challenges quickly and efficiently.Highlights include: Interpretations of ECGs, X-rays, and lab results for rapid assessmentKey properties of commonly used medications for safe prescribingOverviews of frequent conditions encountered on duty with practical management tipsFlowcharts and visual tools for recalling key steps under pressureUseful appendices with antimicrobial spectrums for quick referenceThe Compendium Method(c) transforms complex acute medicine into clear visuals, diagrams, and tables, making it easy to scan, understand, and remember.Written and reviewed by medical specialists, this pocket ensures accuracy, clinical relevance, and practicality. Compact, visual, and structured, it is designed to support healthcare professionals from their first shift through years of practice.Pocket Acute Medicine - your essential companion for handling emergencies with clarity, confidence, and speed.
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Internal Diseases
In recent decades, significant progress in drug development has transformed the treatment of internal diseases, improving both outcomes and prognosis. However, these advances frequently come with a cost: serious, sometimes even life-threatening side effects. Many clinicians acknowledge the need for alternatives but commonly lack the knowledge or confidence to use them. Meanwhile, a growing number of people are turning to complementary or alternative approaches, particularly herbal medicines, and they often adopt healthier lifestyle changes alongside these treatments. Despite this trend, skepticism toward natural products remains strong in mainstream medicine, largely due to the limited amount of high-quality evidence.The Special Issue "Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Internal Diseases" was created to address this challenge. It presents original research and critical reviews exploring how natural products may contribute to treating these conditions. Together, the studies highlight both the opportunities and the obstacles in translating traditional knowledge and early findings into evidence-based therapies.
Pharmaceutical Formulation Development
Dive into the intricate world of pharmaceutical formulation development with this comprehensive guide tailored for M. Pharm students specializing in Industrial Pharmacy. In "Pharmaceutical Formulation Development," readers are seamlessly guided through the complexities of formulation studies required for new and existing drugs. Authored with precision and adherence to regulatory practices, this book navigates through essential topics such as Preformulation, Formulation Additives, Solubility, Dissolution, and Product Stability.As the pharmaceutical industry evolves under strict guidelines and practices, this book serves as a vital resource aligned with the latest syllabus standards set forth by the Pharmacy Council of India. Packed with model questions, references, and a user-friendly approach to convey even the most challenging concepts, this book ensures a thorough understanding for students and professionals alike.Embark on a journey through the fundamental pillars of pharmaceutical formulation development and uncover the meticulous process behind creating reproducible results. Perfect for those seeking to master the art of formulation studies, this book is a must-have for anyone aspiring to excel in the dynamic field of industrial pharmacy.
Medical Dosage Calculations for Dummies
An accurate and easy-to-read resource for students in medical dosage calculation classes Medical Dosage Calculations For Dummies, 2nd Edition is an accurate guide to dosage calculation that tracks to standard course curricula. It's an easy-to-follow supplementary resource for students of nursing, pharmacology, paramedic programs and beyond, walking you through ratio-proportion, formula, and dimensional analyses for a wide variety of medication types. You'll learn how medications are given, to whom, and how to chart accurately and clearly. You'll also discover how to handle the processes and language of medical dosing, as well as how to navigate the electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs). Inside: Brush up on your math Understand the best practices in medical administration, including needle insertion instructions Discover evidence-based practice guidelines and methods Perfect for students currently taking a medical dosage calculations class, Medical Dosage Calculations For Dummies is also a great resource for working professionals interested in brushing up on the fundamentals.
