Occurrence of Endoparasites in Capybaras in Maranh瓊o
The main focus of the book is to describe the behavioral characteristics, diseases and parasites of capybaras, as a way of understanding and preserving this wonderful animal. Capybaras are the largest rodents in the world and because of their natural habit of staying in bodies of water (dams, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams), they are named after the genus Hydrochoerus, which is a reference to a water pig. They come from the genealogy of other American rodents, such as the prey, moc籀, paca and agouti, among others from the Caviidae family. In Tupi-Guarani"kapibara" means "grass eater", these animals live in flooded areas or firm areas with water, in Brazil, only they don't inhabit the caatinga biome.
On Living with Pets
Getting to know your pet's inner life can greatly improve the experience of training and behavior modification. How can you live in harmony with your pet, while you help their own search for peace and tranquility, fun and escape? Veterinarian Rob Erteman applies the human psychological discoveries of Dr. Niek Brouw to animal behavior, and replaces suppression with harmony.
Parasitic Diseases of Goats
Parasitic Diseases of Goats provides a comprehensive exploration of parasitic infections affecting goats and their impact on various organ systems. The book covers a wide range of parasitic diseases, including those affecting the gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, and urogenital systems, as well as the liver, pancreas, skin, and musculoskeletal system. Diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches for managing these infections are also discussed in the chapters of this book. This book is an essential resource for veterinarians, researchers, students, and professionals in parasitology and veterinary medicine. Key features include detailed descriptions of parasite-related diseases, their pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies to improve goat health and management.
Veterinary Instruments and Equipment
Learn to identify veterinary instruments and equipment at a glance! Veterinary Instruments and Equipment, Fifth Edition shows hundreds of detailed, full-color photographs of instruments and describes how and when each is used. A flashcard-style format makes it easy to flip through the pages, so you will quickly become familiar with general medical instruments, restraint equipment, and surgical instruments. Instrument photos on an Evolve website allow you to rotate instruments 360 degrees and zoom in to see close-ups of the different tips. Written by vet tech educator Teresa F. Sonsthagen, this pocket guide helps you review for exams and also serves as an invaluable quick reference in real-world veterinary practice.NEW! Organization of chapters separates instruments by small animal and large animal sections, and alphabetizes instruments within those sections, so that studying is simplified and content is easier than ever to findNEW! Updated photographs ensure that you are studying the most up-to-date instruments and equipment on the marketUNIQUE! Two-page flashcard format is perfect for learning and quizzing for each instrument, with a top page that contains a photo of the instrument and a bottom page that contains the instrument's name, function, and characteristicsMore than 650 high-quality color photos of instruments help you to quickly recognize and identify the instrumentsInformation on general medical instruments includes equipment for common procedures such as dehorning, hoof care, and castration, plus instruments for diagnostic and obstetrical proceduresCoverage of surgical instruments includes general instruments such as hemostats, forceps, and scissors, and also describes orthopedic, ophthalmic, and dental instruments used in veterinary specialty surgeriesCoverage of restraint equipment includes proper restraint techniques for all species of small and large animalsPocket size and spiral binding make this guide perfect for portability and point-of-need reference
Climate change and infectious animal diseases
Climate change refers to long-term variations in temperature and weather patterns. These can be natural variations, due for example to those of the solar cycle or to massive volcanic eruptions. However, since the 1800s, human activities have been the main cause of these changes, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. The emissions that cause climate change come from all regions of the planet and affect everyone, but some countries produce more than others. The emergence of a disease has multiple factors, which are associated with environmental, social and demographic changes, and changes to health policies and systems, among others. The same factors can lead to the re-emergence of endemic diseases. Climate and climate change can have direct effects on the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases by influencing pathogen survival, arthropod vector survival and reproduction, and reservoir host abundance.
RNA Made Simple
In the age of genome sequencing, most attention is given to DNA sequencing. However, when it comes to understanding how an organism functions, how it copes with an adverse environment, how it is prepared for an uncertain future, RNA is the molecule to study. Therefore, understanding the functions of RNA and analyzing their sequences has become increasingly important in biology, medicine and agriculture. To understand and study RNA, it is essential to first extract high-quality RNA. This book aims to provide beginners, who have basic lab experience but no prior knowledge of the subject, with the information needed to extract RNA from a study object, plant or animal. It covers the extraction steps, required tools, and the challenges and considerations involved in obtaining high-quality RNA samples. It is a hands-on book based on the authors' experience and a workshop conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, sponsored by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The workshop opened up novel ways for several students to study plant breeding. We hope that this book will facilitate research for many scientists, aid in understanding the living world, and contribute to its protection.
Buffalo diseases
World population of buffaloes is probably 150 to 180 thousand of heads. India has nearly 50% of the world population of this animal species. The buffalo has come to occupy an important place as a milk, meat and draught production in certain developing countries as Egypt. Much research were contributed for the scientific knowledge of buffalo and cattle diseases. Investigative works on physiology, production, reproduction nutrition and many diseases affected buffaloes has been conducted in many countries as north and south African as Egypt. However, less attention has been given on pathology these animals. This probably occur due to the general opinion that diseases of buffalo are identical with those of cattle and that buffaloes showed high resistance to a number of these diseases. The literature reveals however that the a etiological agents of infections, infestations, deficiencies and injuries really are the same for both animal species, but in respect of a buffalo pathologic process there are differences on the prevalence, pathogenicity and symptomatology.
Horse Health
Discover a thorough guide to equine health and wellness that combines scientific knowledge with practical horse care advice. This horse care book provides detailed insights into equine anatomy, behavior, and medical care to help you maintain your horse's optimal health. The first section covers equine anatomy and physiology in detail, explaining the skeletal structure, muscular system, hoof mechanics, and spinal function. You'll learn about vital organ systems including respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, as well as metabolism, mineral balance, vitamin requirements, and hydration. The book explores natural healing methods, featuring a comprehensive guide to equine herbs for respiratory health, digestion, immune system support, and wound healing. The physiotherapy chapter covers manual therapy, kinesiology taping, and equine massage techniques, while also discussing alternative therapies like acupuncture, osteopathy, and homeopathy. A practical section on medical care basics includes setting up a stable pharmacy, first aid procedures, wound care, colic recognition, and emergency responses. The preventive care chapter covers dental checks, vaccinations, deworming protocols, and proper hoof maintenance. The final section focuses on training physiology, including muscle development, movement principles, and performance optimization. You'll find guidance on exercise fundamentals, gymnastics, strength building, and recovery, along with information about gaits, coordination, balance, and injury prevention. This horse health book integrates traditional veterinary knowledge with modern equine science, providing horse owners with practical tools for maintaining equine wellness through proper care, nutrition, and exercise. Whether you're managing a performance horse or caring for a recreational companion, this guide offers valuable information for supporting your horse's health and longevity.
Veterinary Immunology
**Selected for 2025 Doody's Core Titles(R) in Veterinary Medicine** Exploring the immunologic concerns of both large and small animals, Veterinary Immunology, 11th Edition is the only complete resource on immunology for veterinary practitioners. This new edition has been meticulously updated to continue its trend of incorporating the latest advances and topics in the field. It features a straightforward presentation of basic immunologic principles along with thorough and timely information on the most significant immunologic diseases and responses seen in domestic animals. Vibrant images and wealth of clinical examples give you a better understanding of complex topics and concepts and how they come in to play during professional practice.NEW! Completely updated content covers the latest advances and topics in veterinary immunology, including cutting-edge information on drugs for the immune system, antibodies, vaccines, cancer immunology, and much moreNEW! Enhanced ebook version, included with every new print purchase, features flashcards and enhanced animations, plus access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloudComprehensive coverage clearly explains the general principles of immunology and provides information on the most significant immunologic diseases and immunologic responses seen in domestic animalsA wealth of clinical examples show how principles are applied in the clinical setting
Estrus synchronization to augment fertility in buffaloes
Poor estrus expression and anestrus negatively impact the reproductive efficiency of buffaloes. This study aimed to evaluate whether adding equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to an estrous synchronization protocol, followed by timed artificial insemination (AI), could enhance ovulation and pregnancy rates in anestrous buffalo cows under tropical conditions. The study involved 50 lactating Murrah buffalo cows, divided into two groups and was treated with two different estrus synchronization programs for timed insemination. The findings suggest that adding eCG to a progesterone-based estrous synchronization protocol significantly improves the ovulation rates in non-cyclic buffaloes. When combined with timed AI, the pregnancy rates in anestrous buffaloes, whether cyclic or non-cyclic, can be comparable to those achieved in cows inseminated after natural estrus.
Scientific breeding management of dairy cows
Dairy farming plays an important role in the national economy and in the socio economic development of the country. It also plays a significant role in supplementing family incomes and in the generation of gainful employment in the rural sector, particularly women, besides providing animal protein to millions of people. Furthermore, as dairy cows are mostly raised by women, especially in poor households, it is closely linked with economic empowerment and social well-being of the rural women in Puducherry region. However, a high incidence of infertility problem in dairy cows was found to be the major factor for low reproductive efficiency in postpartum dairy cows which causes great economic loss to the dairy farmers. Thus there is a compelling need to adopt technologies to improve the reproductive performance in dairy cows. Various reproductive technologies have been developed and tested successfully in organized dairy farms in developed countries and in India. Hence the research work was undertaken to study the effect of scientific breeding on reproductive efficiency in repeat breeding dairy cows.
A Colour Atlas of Companion Animal Parasites
A Colour Atlas of Companion Animal Parasites: Life Cycles and Morphological Identification illustrates how to identify common parasites of dogs, cats and horses using simple morphological features. It presents parasite life cycles in straightforward, accurate terms, and covers: the general features of major arthropods, helminths and protozoa of dogs, cats and horses;morphological identification of both adult parasites and their immature stages in tissues, with particular consideration given to differential identification;major parasites of companion animals which may shift regions because of climate change, animal movement and other anthropogenic factors.Parasite identification is fundamental, not only for planning treatment, prevention and management of parasitic disease, but also for surveillance of invasive exotic parasites and for monitoring the spread of endemic species. With 600 parasite specimens photographed and annotated as a quick reference resource, this book mirrors what a practitioner might view down a microscope, bringing the subject alive. It forms a complete and practical resource for all veterinary students, veterinarians, and anyone interested in parasite control.
Minimising broiler mortality
In tropical countries, heat is one of the main factors limiting broiler production, and is also responsible for inducing high mortality, especially in the finishing phase. Electrolyte balance (EE) and early heat conditioning (CTP) are two techniques that aim to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible interactions and effects of electrolyte balance in the diet and the application of early heat conditioning on feed consumption (kg), live weight (kg), feed conversion (kg), mortality (%), bioeconomic energy conversion index (Mcal/kg), faecal moisture (%), carcass weight (kg), cavity fat (g) and breast colour (L*a*b*) in broilers under chronic heat stress conditions.
Mental Disorders in Pets
Behavioral problems in pets are an issue that is often overlooked - but they can have a significant impact on the quality of life of both animal and owner. In her book, the author of a standard work on animal psychology specifically highlights all facets of psychological and therefore clinically relevant disorders in animals.This book offers a unique combination of sound knowledge, practical experience and empathy. It looks not only at the most common pets such as dogs and cats, but also at horses, small mammals, birds and exotic animals. From anxiety disorders and aggressive behavior to compulsive behavior and much more, the various psychological stresses are described, their causes analyzed and explained in an understandable way.But this book goes beyond the diagnosis: the author presents effective treatment approaches - from behavioral therapy and drug support to alternative healing methods. Equally important are the preventive measures that help pet owners to recognize and avoid mental disorders at an early stage.This book is a guide for veterinarians, behaviorists, trainers and all animal lovers who want to understand and promote the well-being of their animals holistically. A book that enables a change of perspective and brings the complex world of animal psychology into focus.
Enhancing post-thaw semen quality in Ongole bulls.
Introduction of artificial insemination in dairy cattle revolutionized procedures of animal reproduction over the 20th Century. Indeed, AI in dairy cattle has been considered the most important technological advancement in animal breeding. During freezing, the sperms of particular bulls exhibit a high sensitivity to oxidative stress, resulting in inadequate post-thaw motility. Semen samples from these bulls are typically rejected or discorded, and if the issue persists, these valuable bulls are culled from the semen station. Reports are available regarding the enhancement of post-thaw motility of spermatozoa following addition of antioxidants in the semen of exotic and cross-bred bulls. However, there are no studies regarding detailed sperm functional attributes following supplementation of antioxidants in Ongole bull semen. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the post-thaw functional attributes in Ongole bulls with low freezability semen.
Horse Pasture Management
Horse Pasture Management, Second Edition provides updated coverage on strategies for managing behavior, grouping, environments and feeding needs of grazing horses. Sections cover the structure, function and identification of forages, continuing into nutritional value of pasture plants. Management of soil, the function of a pasture ecosystem and management of plants in a pasture is covered next, followed by forage yield determination, horse grazing behavior, feed choices of horses, management of grazing horses, and how to calculate how many horses should be grazing relative to land size. Advantages of grazing more than one species of animal are described. Management of hay and silage are included since year-round grazing is not possible on many horse farms. Several chapters deal with interactions of a horse farm with the environment, including climate and weather and other living things. The book also covers strategies for managing manure, erosion, and water quality. It is ideal for researchers, scientists and students involved in animal science, specifically equine studies. Agriculturists, equine managers and veterinarians will also find this book useful.
Factors Affecting Spermatogenesis in Murrah Bulls
Dairy industry in India is mainly buffalo oriented and buffaloes have been contributing 53% of the total milk production in this country. Most of the buffaloes in the country are non-descript with an average milk yield of 500 kg per lactation. Artificial insemination is the single most important reproductive biotechnology, which has revolutionized animal breeding. To increase the milk production, buffaloes were upgraded by inseminating them with frozen-thawed semen of the Murrah bulls.Testicular function, especially spermatogenesis in the male is a sensitive process influenced by various environmental and management factors. Prophylactic vaccination against diseases which are performed as a routine in bull station is one of the major stress factor affecting the spermatogenesis and thereby reducing the semen harvest. Although information on the effect of vaccination stress on semen quality in white cattle bulls is many, the information in buffaloes is scanty. Hence the research work was undertaken the study the effect of vaccination stress on semen quality in Murrah bulls.
Gross and Microanatomical studies of the Proventriculus and Gizzard
Scientific rearing of guinea fowl is gaining importance in the recent years. In India, quite for a long period, they were reared as ornamental and backyard avian species. Intensive rearing of guinea fowl is likely to accelerate, as the potential of this species to grow as a source of meat is in interest of the World poultry industry. After hatch, the source for nutrients shifts from the yolk sac to the feed the bird eats and digest. Stomach plays an important role in digestion and therefore absorption, growth and weight gain. Anatomy of the stomach in birds varies considerably and seems to be determined mainly by their diet. This study, therefore, aims to report on the structure (gross, histology and histochemistry) of the proventriculus and Gizzard in Guinea fowl and to correlate the structure associated functional processes and mechanisms of digestion in this species. This study in future will help researchers in other areas to engineer this fowl as an economically important meat species.
Nutritional Advances in Buffalo Calves
Nutritional Advances in Buffalo Calves: Protected Nutrient in Focus provides a comprehensive look into the evolving field of buffalo calf nutrition, emphasizing the critical role of protected nutrients like bypass protein and bypass fat. The book underscores the importance of feeding strategies designed to maximize nutrient retention and utilization, especially during the early growth stages of buffalo calves, which are vital for ensuring long-term productivity. Through detailed exploration of bypass protein, such as formaldehyde-treated meals, and bypass fat, it shows how these nutrients escape ruminal degradation and are absorbed directly in the intestines, enhancing muscle growth, energy supply, and overall health.Key nutritional advances are highlighted, such as improvements in feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis. These results have led to reduced feed costs and improved economic efficiency for farmers. The use of advanced technologies, like rumen-protected nutrient encapsulation and feed additives, further enhances the nutritional profile of the feed, contributing to better gut health and performance in calves.
Prevalence and Risk of Milk-borne Microbes From Camels
The camel population in Kenya is over 3 million camels kept under harsh climatic conditions in arid and semi-arid areas and is the main source of milk especially in drought conditions. Although potential sources of zoonotic microbes have been documented in other animals, it has not been done in camels. The vast ASALS in Kenya experience harsh climatic conditions, lack of water, high temperatures, insecurity and poor infrastructure which are unattractive to trained veterinarians. This leads to community based animal health workers as the sole support system for veterinary services, misuse of antibiotics which causes antimicrobial resistance. This book describes the risk factors associated with zoonotic agents in camel milk and the presence of these organisms in the animals and milk. It also describes the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the milk resulting from widespread use of unregulated antibiotics. This will shed light on livestock management in arid areas, an area hitherto neglected, awareness creation and prudent use of antimicrobials. It should be especially valuable to development agencies involved in support of pastoral communities in Africa and Asia.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Sperm Proteins
Crossbred dairy cattle provide 27% of the total milk produced in the nation, which points out the importance of crossbreeding programme in India. Both male and female animal contributes equally to this condition but, male infertility is of major concern as a single bull is used to inseminate several thousands of cows. Further, in crossbred bulls, the incidence of poor semen quality and susceptibility of spermatozoa to cryodamages are very high. Recent evidence indicates that protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) also occurs during cryopreservation and is associated with cryo-capacitation, a phenomena detrimental to sperm fertilizing potential. Simultaneous assessment of sperm functional attributes and PTP has helped in understanding the relationship of PTP with other important sperm functional characteristics thus the fertilizing potential. The present study confirms that proportion of post-thaw motile spermatozoa was significantly higher in above-average bulls, although every bull used in the experiment qualified the minimum requirement of 50% and above.
Phytotherapeutic alternatives for the treatment of kala-azar
Visceral leishmaniasis is an emerging and re-emerging disease that affects millions of people and animals. Currently, the treatment of this disease has been the subject of several discussions in scientific circles, as many believe that the treatment of animals affected by kala-azar may be generating strains that are resistant to the drugs available. As a result, alternatives for treatment are being studied, and the use of phytotherapy for this purpose is a vast field for study and research.
Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians
Ensure your skills are at their clinical best! Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians, 8th Edition covers the broad spectrum of laboratory procedures that veterinary technicians need to perform effectively in the practice setting. Comprehensive content presents the fundamentals of microbiology, hematology, urinalysis, immunology, and cytology, along with the laboratory procedures used to perform the most widely used tests, such as complete blood count, urinalysis, and immunologic assays. This thoroughly updated edition includes step-by-step procedure guidelines, along with the latest advances in veterinary clinical procedures to prepare you for real-life laboratory work.NEW! Content addresses fear-free handling specimen collection methods.UPDATED! Comprehensive coverage reflects the latest advances in veterinary clinical laboratory procedures for improved patient service and higher practice revenue.UPDATED! Content outlines what is needed to successfully perform a broad spectrum of laboratory tests, including complete blood count, urinalysis, and immunologic assays.Atlas style appendices contain hundreds of images to enhance laboratory exercises and provide an excellent resource as you move into clinical practice.Vet Tech Threads pedagogical aids include introductions, suggested readings, boxed Technician Notes, learning objectives, chapter outlines, key terms, and a glossary to help you grasp key concepts and navigate through the chapters for more focused learning.Comprehensive coverage provides you with a solid foundation in the fundamentals of microbiology, hematology, urinalysis, immunology, and cytology, along with the laboratory procedures used to perform related tests.Step-by-step procedure boxes throughout the book present the skills that veterinary technician students must perform during their educational program, as well as procedures that are commonly performed by vet techs in the private practice, in an easy-to-access format.
Effect of cryoprotectant dilution on equine semen
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro motility and viability parameters when diluting the 5% post-thaw cryoprotectant dimethylformamide to concentrations of 2.5 and 1.25%, using two commercial diluents added to cryopreserved equine semen. After thawing, the samples were diluted in order to maintain the final concentrations (2.5 and 1.25%) of cryoprotectant, using two commercial diluents (FR4(R) and Botu-Crio(R)) at two times: initial (Ti) and final (Tf). Thirteen different ejaculate samples from five national breed stallions were used. Motility parameters were observed using computerized analysis and plasma membrane integrity using epifluorescence microscopy. There was an improvement in total and progressive sperm motility parameters at the final time (P0.05, between the treatments in terms of plasma membrane integrity.
Molecular characterisation of Enteropathogenic E. coli
This book deals with a detailed study of Enteropathogenic E. coli from food of animal origin and environment. Foodborne diseases are the diseases of infectious or toxic nature which are caused by the consumption of contaminated foods, beverages and water. Many different disease- causing microbes or pathogens can contaminate foods, so there are many different types of food borne illnesses. Infections caused by antimicrobial resistance E. coli and their isolation from food-producing animals are increasing worldwide. This scenario is regarded as a consequence of the selective pressure exerted on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animals by the overuse of antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance has been reported by many researchers. Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL), produced by E. coli, offered resistance against higher generations of cephalosporin (except cephamycins and carbapenems) and monobactam. Currently, ESBL-producing organisms are becoming a major threat for patients in the hospital and community. spread of antibiotic resistance among micro-organisms, therefore proper and judicious use of antimicrobial agents is the need of hour to prevent spread of drug resistance.
Energy, oxidant-antioxidant status and trace mineral in Beetal goats
The present study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress around the puerperal period in Beetal goats in relation to parity. A total of 30 Beetal goats reared under semi-intensive system were divided into three groups with 10 animals each viz. Gr-A (early parity; 1-2 parity), Gr-B (Mid parities; 3-6 parity) and Gr-C (late parities; >7 parity). Blood samples were collected from 3 weeks and 1 week pre-kidding followed by 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-kidding for the estimation of oxidant (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH and GST activity and trace minerals, zinc and copper). Findings highlight a different metabolic, trace mineral (zinc and copper), and oxidative response around the periparturient period in Beetal goats, with the early parity goats, responding first to increased metabolic and oxidative stress and also first to recover from oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.
Anatomical Overview of the Mammary Gland in Goats
Mammary gland is crucial for advancing research in several areas. It plays a significant role in improving milk production and quality, which is essential for both economic viability and nutritional needs. Understanding its anatomy and physiology aids in the early detection and treatment of health issues, such as mastitis, thereby enhancing animal welfare. Additionally, research on the mammary gland supports genetic advancements through selective breeding, leading to herds with better milk production traits. It also contributes to sustainable agricultural practices, especially in regions reliant on goats for milk. Overall, this research is vital for enhancing food security and promoting effective animal husbandry practices.
Dental prophylaxis in horses
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental prophylaxis in horses by measuring the fibers in the feces and their importance in animal welfare and health. The results were very satisfactory for each animal's first dental treatment, with an average drop in fecal fiber of 0.58 cm. Thus, we can affirm the effectiveness of dental treatment in horses, generating comfort when feeding and improving intestinal transit, which will consequently reduce gastrointestinal problems.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Guava Leaves Against Subclinical Mastitis
Subclinical mastitis in buffaloes is a silent yet costly threat to the dairy industry, often going undetected while impacting milk production and animal health. This study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extracts in treating subclinical mastitis in buffaloes. Subclinical mastitis, an infection of the mammary glands without visible symptoms, is commonly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of guava leaf extracts as a natural alternative to antibiotics, addressing antimicrobial resistance issues. The findings may highlight the potential of guava leaves as a cost-effective, plant-based treatment for improving buffalo health and milk production.
Endometritis in dairy cows
The economic viability of dairy herds is closely linked to the reproduction of these animals. Endometritis, also known as genital catarrh, is an inflammatory process involving only the endometrium and is responsible for major economic losses due to the reproductive failure it causes. There are some risk factors that contribute to increasing the incidence of endometritis in cows, such as retained placenta, poor hygiene at the place of birth, dystocia, twin births and nutritional disorders. Therefore, by knowing the predisposing factors for the occurrence of endometritis, it is possible to establish forms of prevention, involving the management and nutrition of cows in the transition period. It is recommended that cows be gynaecologically examined during the puerperium in order to diagnose and treat uterine infection at an early stage. There are currently a wide variety of drugs that can be used to treat endometritis, but due to the shortage of milk, prevention remains the most cost-effective measure for producers.
Reproductive responses of Charolais cattle under tropical conditions.
Artificial insemination (AI) is a tool used for the genetic improvement of livestock in the tropics. Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is an assisted reproduction technique that has had great development in recent years. Oestrus synchronization protocols are alternatives for ovulation and fertilization control. Reproductive efficiency is an important aspect in cattle production, which has a cost-benefit impact on cattle production. The use of these alternatives increases the number of cows inseminated in a short period of time. The use of IATF protocols based on previous studies show that the pregnancy rate is 40-50%. To consider IATF successful, the highest number of pregnant cows and live calf births should be obtained. Other benefits of IATF are the reduction of insemination time, shortening the postpartum period and improving the results of cows with calves at foot. The most important limiting factor of these protocols is the reduction of fertility after artificially or hormonally inducing estrus.
Illustrated Guide to Microsurgical Techniques in the Rat
The Illustrated Guide to Microsurgical Techniques in the Rat (with elements of surgical anatomy) could serve as the manual of a microsurgery class. It is addressed to surgeons who want to learn microsurgery, while taking a class or working on their own in some laboratory, in order to use microsurgery in research or clinical practice. The elements of surgical anatomy present in the text are rather necessary because the microscope is going to magnify this lack of knowledge.
A Textbook on Reproduction of Ganjam Bucks
This book would be very much helpful to the learners in finding out the seasonal variations in scrotal and testicular variation and semen characteristics in Ganjam bucks. It has also emphasized on the development of reproductive strategies in Ganjam bucks with respect to season, which not enhance the fertility and breeding potential of the said animal. The same could be exploited and utilzed in field conditions for the upliftment of the poor and marginal farmers, who are keeping the Ganjam bucks as their livelihood.
Ajwain as natural feed additive on the performance of quail
Poultry industry is currently transforming towards decreased use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) due to increased concerns regarding development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and transfer of residues of AGPs in meat and eggs. Phytogenic additives being natural, non-toxic, residue free and their easy availability make them first choice as alternate to AGPs in poultry production. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi also called Carum copticum, Trachyspermum copticum) is a medicinal plant that belongs to family Apiaceae. Ajwain seeds are used extensively for medicinal purposes as a digestive stimulant and to treat liver disorders. Ajwain is highly esteemed as a remedial agent for flatulence, flatulent colic, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhoea and in short, as a digestive aid and as an antiseptic. Medicinal properties of the plant include antioxidant, antispasmodic, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The present study indicated that inclusion of ajwain powder at 0.25% in the diet resulted in decreased feed cost / kg gain and increased digestibility of nutrients in quails.
Ruminant Genomics, an Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
In this issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. Nial J. O'Boyle, John Dustin Loy, and Jessica L. Klabnik bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Genomics. Top experts provide a primer on fundamentals, applications, and implementation of genetics and genomics into ruminant practice, including articles on key genetics/genomics strategies and economic impact; sampling and laboratory logistics; beef and dairy genetic evaluations; and the role of veterinary practitioners in the genomic era in beef and dairy.Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including genetics and genomics 101; recessive conditions in beef and dairy cattle; European dairy cattle evaluations and international use of genomic data; discovering and developing the next generation of dairy and beef genetics; new frontiers for the future of genomics; and more.Provides in-depth clinical reviews on genomics, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Influence of the use of contraceptive drugs
This study aimed to assess cases of pyometra, relating them to age, breed and contraceptive use. The clinical records of 2,325 females treated at the HVU - UEMA in 2016 were analysed and 271 of these were diagnosed with pathologies associated with the use of contraceptives. Of these, 112 were positive for pyometra. Adult female dogs aged between 3 and 6 years were predisposed to developing pyometra. There was no racial predisposition to the condition, as in other similar studies. The use of contraceptives in bitches with pyometra corresponded to a large part of the data collected, showing an alarming situation. In view of this, it is possible to state that there was indiscriminate use of contraceptives by owners, which promoted the development of the pathology studied. It is therefore essential that owners are made aware of the risks these drugs pose to the health and well-being of female dogs and are informed about the safety and efficacy of the surgical sterilisation method.
Review on Distribution and Control of Tsetse Fly
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are hematophagous insects belonging to the genus Glossina within the family Glossinidae. These flies are exclusively found in tropical regions of Africa and play a significant role as vectors for African Trypanosomiasis, affecting both livestock and humans. Various control strategies have been implemented against tsetse flies, including the destruction of wildlife habitats, bush clearing, ground and aerial insecticide applications, the sterile insect technique (SIT), trapping methods, and the application of insecticides to livestock or artificial baits known as targets. This review aims to provide an overview of the distribution, ecology, behavior, and disease transmission roles of tsetse fly species, as well as to evaluate integrated control strategies.
Cytodiagnosis
The microscopic study of cells obtained from organs, in the form of serous effusions from cavities or brushings, began in the mid-19th century (KOSS, 1972; ACTA, 1998). George Papanicolaou contributed greatly to the concept of exfoliative cytology using vaginal secretion smears and this concept has been transformed by the use of other techniques to collect cytological samples (McKEE, 1997). It is a method of diagnostic investigation based on cell morphology acquired by different collection techniques. The advantages of cytological examination are well known, as it is a low-cost, simple, outpatient procedure that does not require hospitalization or tranquilizers. There is also a reduction in surgical procedures, whether for unresectable masses, or even when treatment is not the first choice. Based on the above considerations, the main aim of this work was to standardize inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by cytological examination, in order to add information to help diagnose animal diseases in the routine of the UNESP Veterinary Hospital in Botucatu.
The Dog Guardians Essential Guide To Using Biochemic Tissue Salts
From Mating, whelping, puppyhood, teenage, mid-life and senior years through to end-of-life care. Tissue salts provide a gentle and holistic approach to support a dog's health across various life stages, addressing issues like digestion, joints, anxiety, and dental health.Whether in puppyhood, the senior years, or during the final stages of life, incorporating specific tissue salts into a dog's care can enhance overall vitality and comfort. This natural supplementation complements traditional veterinary care, contributing to a higher quality of life for our cherished canine companions.
Vet at the End of the Earth
The passionate story of a vet's care for all creatures great and small in the colorful, diverse, and distinctive South Atlantic islands. The role of a resident vet in the remote islands of the Falklands, St. Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha encompasses many wonderful complexities: caring for the world's oldest living land animal (a 200-year-old giant tortoise, denizen of the St. Helena governor's lawn); pursuing mystery creatures and invasive microorganisms; relocating herds of reindeer; and rescuing animals in extraordinarily rugged landscapes, from subtropical cloud forests to volcanic cliff faces. Hugely entertaining and affectionate, Jonathan Hollins's tales of island vet life are not only full of ingenuity and astounding fauna--they are also steeped in the unique local cultures, history, and peoples of the islands, far from the hustle of continental life. Come join Jonathan on his daily adventures with these alluring and fascinating creatures.
Elsevier's Veterinary Assisting Textbook
Prepare for the role and responsibilities of the veterinary assistant! Elsevier's Veterinary Assisting Textbook, 4th Edition, covers everything you need to know to pass the Approved Veterinary Assistant (AVA) Exam and succeed in clinical practice. NAVTA-approved guidelines help in learning to assist in laboratory and radiographic procedures, properly restraining animals, setting up equipment and supplies, cleaning and maintaining practice facilities, feeding and exercising patients, collecting samples, handling and dispensing medications, grooming patients, and record keeping. Updated content reflects the latest Fear-FreeT handling techniques and the veterinary assistant's role in helping owners through pet loss.NEW! Hospice, Grief, and Pet Loss chapter discusses the human-animal bond, stages of grief, and other principles of the veterinary assistant's role in helping the owner through pet loss.EXPANDED! Behavior content includes the latest Fear-FreeT handling methods.NEW! Practice quizzes on the companion Evolve website allow you to test your understanding of key concepts.UPDATED! Drug information covers the newest pharmacologic agents and their uses, adverse side effects, and dosage forms.UPDATED! Infection control and vaccination coverage keeps you up to date with the latest guidelines and protocols.Comprehensive coverage provides everything you need to prepare for the Approved Veterinary Assistant (AVA) certification exam.Step-by-step instructions and hundreds of colorful photographs clearly break down veterinary assisting tasks and clarify essential information.Discussion of office procedures and client relations prepares you for the business aspects of veterinary practice and how to work closely with management staff.User-friendly features in each chapter include learning objectives, a chapter outline, and key terms, and an emphasis on the concepts you are expected to learn.Coverage of the workflow in a veterinary practice clarifies the role of the veterinary assistant in relation to all other members of the veterinary healthcare team.Critical Concept boxes provide useful tips to improve your knowledge and skills.
Clinico-Pathological Techniques for Animal Disease Diagnosis
Disease diagnosis of livestock as well as pet animals is a major aspect of health and production assessment. Veterinary clinicians treat disease and disorder of animals, which includes diagnosis, treatment and aftercare. So, it is crucial for a clinician to properly diagnose a disease condition for optimum management and control of diseases. To aid their knowledge of disease diagnosis; different clinical laboratory diagnostic tests and pathological techniques vis-?-vis interpretation thereof would be of great help. This book will help the clinician to refresh their knowledge of utilization of clinico-pathological techniques and their interpretation for animal disease diagnosis and their management.
Behavioural Adaptation of Crossbred Cows in Automatic Feeding Station
A computerized concentrate feeding station is a vital tool in modern dairy farming, providing precision feeding tailored to each cow's nutritional needs based on factors such as milk production, lactation stage, and health. This system helps optimize milk yields by ensuring cows receive the right balance of nutrients, leading to improved productivity and overall health. It also tracks feeding patterns, enabling early detection of health issues like mastitis or metabolic disorders. By reducing feed waste and improving cost efficiency, the system enhances feed management while lowering operational costs. Additionally, automation reduces labor requirements, allowing for more efficient farm management. With real-time data collection, farmers can make informed decisions about herd management. The system also promotes cow welfare by reducing stress through scheduled, individualized feeding, creating a more organized and less competitive feeding environment. Overall, computerized concentrate feeding stations improve both farm sustainability and the productivity of dairy operations.
Formulation of Concentrated Jaggery Scum Feed Block as Livestock Feed
Formulation of concentrated jaggery scum feed blocks for pigs so as to increase the shelf life of concentrate jaggery scum and use in off season. Concentrated jaggery scum (CJS) is an agro-industrial by-product obtained from jaggery production unit but because of its high moisture content and reducing sugars, it gets fermented within few days and not fit for feeding. The present study consists of two different phase: phase Ι consist of formulation of concentrate jaggery scum feed blocks with binder or without binder. Two types of natural binder namely multhani mitti and maida were used. Feed blocks without binder were best having sweetish odour, not hard, less crack formation, retention of shape and showed full acceptability by pigs. Phase ΙΙ consist of formulation of CJS feed blocks using 50, 60 and 70% of CJS and of three different shapes i.e. circular, brick and prill. Among different treatment feed blocks, feed block having 70% CJS and of prill shaped can be a very good feed for pigs as it showed best results.
The immune response of the cat to FeLV infection
Information is presented on various aspects of the humoral and cellular immune response as a result of the cat's interaction with FeLV. The immune response must be effective and specific since the cat comes in contact with the virus, cellular and humoral immunity are responsible for controlling the infection, antibodies stop the spread of the virus and establish resistance to infection, lymphocytes (cellular) are responsible for eliminating infected cells and protect against the development of latent infection, so the quality and magnitude of both will determine the course of infection. Retroviruses can alter these mechanisms, the result of the interaction with the virus is not based solely on the immune response, there are factors specific to the virus: the subtype and viral concentration as well as the interaction of these factors determine the course of infection, if the immune response is low or absent, the host develops a progressive infection with persistent viremia and development of FeLV-associated diseases which can be fatal. Knowing the retroviral status of the cat and the associated risk factors is critical.
Natural Feeding for an Adult Dog
Feeding our canine friends a healthy and balanced diet requires some care. Dogs eat exactly what we offer them, so it's important to know which ingredients should be chosen in order to provide the correct balance of macro and micronutrients. An unbalanced diet can be harmful in the long term, especially if offered from a young age. Some foods should even be avoided because they are considered toxic to dogs.
