Smarten the F*ck Up!
"Smarten the F*ck Up!" is the result of 4 years of documenting the most common mistakes people make when speaking and writing - and it goes well beyond grammar. Many of the smartest and most educated people I know make these mistakes. You probably do, too. Most are mistakes we've unknowingly made our entire lives, and this book will help you find yours. It's more of a self-help book, although much of what it conveys is grammar-related... just without the grammar-nerd language! It was written to be both informative and entertaining, with a sometimes-offbeat sense of humor, a bit of sarcasm, a touch of crudeness, a dose of politics, a little cursing here and there, an occasional expression of humanity, as well as a tongue-in-cheek irreverence toward grammar nerds. You'll also see an occasional rant... just for the sake of entertainment, of course.It's truly a book the average person can relate to, learn from, and laugh with. It's also a great conversation starter when placed on your coffee table or in your bathroom... just check for missing pages every now and then.;-) It's time to fix the embarrassing mistakes you've been (unknowingly) making your entire life!
Structural and Typological Variation in the Dialects of Kurdish
This book offers the first comparative discussion of variation in selected areas of structure in the dialects of Kurdish. The contributions draw on data collected as part of the project on Structural and Typological Variation in Kurdish and stored in the Manchester Database of Kurdish Dialects online resource, as well as on additional data sources. The chapters address issues in lexicon, phonology, and morpho-syntax including nominal case, tense and aspect categories, pronominal clitics, adpositions, word order (with special reference to post-predicate constituents) and connectivity and complex clauses. The materials that inform the analysis consist of a systematic questionnaire-based elicitation covering key features of variation in lexicon and morpho-syntax, and an accompanying corpus of free speech recordings, collected in over 120 locations across the Kurdish-speaking regions in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran and covering mainly the dialects of Northern and Central Kurdish (Kurmani-Bahdini and Sorani), with some consideration of Southern Kurdish. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in fields such as linguistics, linguistic typology, Iranian linguistics and linguistics of the Middle East, and dialectology.
Common Phonology of the Chinese Dialects
This book presents a comparative reconstruction of the common phonology of the Chinese dialects using representative data from living dialects. The resulting phonology includes all categories and phonological distinctions that are represented in the dialect data. It departs from the tradition of using philological sources and non-Chinese borrowings as the basis for a reconstructed system. Based on a strict comparative methodology, the phonology presented encapsulates the shared phonology of the dialects and reflects the real-world distinctions and categories found in the living dialects. For example, the initials preserve the tripartite division that includes voiced obstruents seen in W繳 dialects; the finals are comparatively drawn based on the collective dialect data; and the syllable codas preserve the three-way contrasts of consonant stop endings seen in the Cantonese dialects. The data presented allows readers to observe the basis for all of the distinction and categories includedin the common phonology and the relationship of that phonology to all of the dialects, and as a result to identify the dialects' disparate developments and evolution. The English translation also includes innovative elements that render it even more useful for researchers than the Chinese original. The book is primarily intended for scholars and researchers investigating the Chinese dialects and their relationships, and the history of Chinese. It is also useful for scholars of Chinese history and literature who need a handy resource providing essential information on the historical phonology of Chinese.
Comma Sense
Comma Sense by Ellen Feld is your go-to book for all things grammar. Understand the rules of adverbs, punctuation, abbreviations, prepositions, and much more. Learn how to write technically, professionally, and personally.
Prolegomenon to a Theory of Argument Structure
This work is the culmination of an eighteen-year collaboration between Ken Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser on the study of the syntax of lexical items. It examines the hypothesis that the behavior of lexical items may be explained in terms of a very small number of very simple principles. In particular, a lexical item is assumed to project a syntactic configuration defined over just two relations, complement and specifier, where these configurations are constrained to preclude iteration and to permit only binary branching. The work examines this hypothesis by methodically looking at a variety of constructions in English and other languages.
Local Economy
Any theory of grammar must contain a lexicon, an interface with the mechanisms of production and perception (PF), and an interface with the interpretational system of semantics (LF). A traditional way to relate these three components in generative theory is through a derivation. Noam Chomsky's Minimalist Program postulates that grammatical derivations are constrained by economy conditions, requiring that derivations be minimal. One of the most important questions of syntax is what the economy conditions are and how they operate. In Local Economy, Chris Collins proposes that economy conditions are local. According to this theory, evaluating economy conditions does not involve comparing whole derivations. Rather, economy conditions are evaluated at each step in the derivation. Collins shows that locative inversion and quotative inversion provide strong arguments for local economy. In addition, he explores the far-reaching consequences of this proposal for other areas of syntax, including the strict cycle, binary branching, successive cyclicity, and expletive constructions. He demonstrates that local economy is superior to global economy on conceptual as well as empirical grounds. Local Economy is one of the first books other than Chomsky's The Minimalist Program (MIT, 1995) to deal in a general way with economy of derivation and Minimalism. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph No. 29
Vasishtha Shiksha
Vasishtha Shiksha is an ancient manual of the Sanskrit alphabet, written by a celebrated sage, and completely lost to the world, but for one handwritten manuscript in Tirupati, India. Here is the revival of this comprehensive knowledge of pronunciation of Sanskrit. Systematic and concise, there are chapters on the 1) The letters of the Alphabet; 2) The places of articulation in the mouth of the different letters; 3) The degrees of contact of the different classes of letters, vowels, consonants, etc.; 4) Voiced and unvoiced letters, aspirated and unaspirated letters, and the duration of different letters; 5) The rules of the application of Vedic pitch accents in letters, words, and verses; and 6) The organs of articulation for the different letters. Authoritative and complete, the original Sanskrit text is presented with an English translation, and an extensive commentary to clarify and make accessible all the fine details of this ancient science of pronunciation. A pervading theme of the ancient Vedic system of education, Shiksha, is to provide total knowledge and complete enlightenment to the student in the first lesson. The wise founders of the various recensions of Vedic recitation wrote treatises on the alphabet in order put every student on the path to complete unfoldment of his infinite inner potential. Vasishtha's alphabet primer is also a manual for enlightenment, unfolding the seven states of consciousness, and expounding the complete integration of life in unity consciousness. The commentary makes this undercurrent explicit and connects these two themes, the physical details of pronunciation and the program of education for enlightenment. This brings into focus the goal of Vasishtha's teaching presented in his final chapter, how by learning and reciting Sanskrit, one achieves the aim of the study of Shiksha, outer worldly fame, and inner life of eternal bliss in Brahman consciousness. Here is a modern revival of the ancient teaching of perfection in life through education.
The Phonetic Basis of Perceptual Ratings of Running Speech
No detailed description available for "The Phonetic Basis of Perceptual Ratings of Running Speech".
Syllable Structure and Stress in Dutch
No detailed description available for "Syllable Structure and Stress in Dutch".
Transitivity
No detailed description available for "Transitivity".
Speech Sounds and Features
This is a representative collection of the work of one of the world'sleading scholars in the area of speech acoustics. It follows the development overthe past 15 years of research presented in the author's previous publications onspeech analysis, feature theory, and applications to language descriptions. Most ofthe articles have had very restricted distribution -- many appearing only in theQuarterly Progress Reports issued by Dr. Fant's laboratory.The first part of thebook covers manifold aspects of speech analysis such as instrumental techniques, spectrum data, formant statistics with an emphasis on Swedish vowels and stops, speaker dependencies, normalization procedures, production theory, andcoarticulation. The second part analyzes established feature systems and suggestsrevisions and general discussions on the concept of distinctive features, perception, and the applicability of feature theory to automatic speech recognition.Articles in this part of the book are especially valuable because they represent Dr.Fant's work on "inherent" features and their phonetic correlates as it has evolvedsince his collaboration in 1952 with Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle.Speech Soundsand Features is the fourth volume in the series Current Studies inLinguistics.
Punctuation
Grammar consists of many things, and one of the more important is punctuation. It is like the Rosetta Stone, providing the key to how writers want a reader to interpret what they wrote. Punctuation is even present when we speak. A slight pause is similar to a comma, a longer pause akin to a semicolon, and a stop equals a period. Question marks and exclamation points can be heard in the cadence of a person's speech pattern and where the emphasis is placed and on which words.Almost all punctuation marks are represented in everyday speech and therein lies the key to great dialogue-knowing how to use punctuation correctly with dialogue.There are some writers who are masters at it. Elmore Leonard was one of the best. Read his books, or listen to a few of the movies made from his books, and you'll see a genius's work.This book explains how to use punctuation in an easy-to-grasp manner.
The Study of Word Stress and Accent
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions for ongoing research.
English-Medium Instruction and Pronunciation
This book offers new insights into the language gains of adult learners enrolled in an English-medium instruction (EMI) degree programme. It provides longitudinal empirical evidence of the phonological gains of the learners; discusses which individual factors contribute to the changes in the learners' pronunciation and investigates whether and to what extent increased exposure to the target language in EMI classrooms leads to incidental learning of second language pronunciation. Furthermore, it expands on the discussions surrounding the Critical Period Hypothesis, the native-speaker norm, foreign language accent and the role of English as a Lingua Franca. The comparative and longitudinal design of the research study fills a significant gap in the literature and the book offers considerable original and important research-informed insights into the fields of EMI, bilingual education and second language acquisition. As such, it is a valuable resource and must-read book for researchers, practitioners and policymakers in these areas.
The Syntax of V-V Resultatives in Mandarin Chinese
Chapter 1: Introduction 1 The empirical domain and basic research questions 2 Arguments and proposals: Preview 2.1 The generation of V-V resultative compounds 2.2 The syntactic structure of V-V resultatives 2.3 The alternation properties of V-V resultatives 3 Theoretical assumptions 4 Outline of the dissertationChapter 2: The generation of resultative V-V compounds 1 Introduction 2 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to word formation 2.1 The lexicalist approach 2.2 Word formation in Distributed Morphology: A syntactic approach 3 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis for the formation of complex words 3.1 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis 3.2 The crosslinguistic application of the two-domain hypothesis 4 A lexicalist analysis: Y. Li (2005) 5 Generation of resultative and parallel V-V compounds in Mandarin 5.1 Resultative vs. parallel V-V compounds 5.1.1 Parallel V-V compounds 5.1.2 Contrasting properties of resultative and parallel V-V compounds 5.2 An analysis under the two-domain hypothesis 5.2.1 Semantics: Compositionality vs. idiosyncrasy 5.2.2 Nominalizations 5.2.3 Free vs. bound component morphemes 5.2.4 Productivity vs. semi-productivity 5.2.5 Adverbial modification 6 ConclusionChapter 3: The syntactic structure of Mandarin V-V resultatives: An event-mapping approach 1 Introduction 2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.1 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to argument structure 2.1.1 The lexicalist approach 2.1.2 The syntactic approach: The autonomy of syntactic structure 2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.1 Event-structure decomposition of verbal semantics 2.2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.2.1 Travis (2010) and Ramchand (2008) 2.2.2.2&nbs
The Compositional Nature of Tense, Mood and Aspect: Volume 167
Bringing together fifty years' worth of cross-linguistic research, this pioneering monograph explores the complex interaction between tense, mood and aspect. It looks at the long way of combining elementary semantic units at the bottom of phrase structure up to and including the top of a sentence. Rejecting ternary tense as blocking compositionality, it introduces three levels obtained by binary tense oppositions. It also counters an outdated view on motion by assuming that change is not expressed as having an inherent goal but rather as dynamic interaction between different number systems that allows us to package information into countable and continuous units. It formally identifies the central role of a verb in a variety of argument structures and integrates adverbial modifiers into the compositional structure at different tense levels of phrase structure. This unique contribution to the field will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers in the syntax-semantics interface.
Der Konjunktivgebrauch Im Spanischen Und Russischen
Der Modus Konjunktiv ist einer der wichtigsten und komplexesten Modi vieler Weltsprachen. In dieser Publikation werden zwei nicht eng verwandte Sprachen einander kontrastiv gegen羹bergestellt und miteinander verglichen - das Spanische und das Russische. Prim瓣r ist das Ziel herauszufinden, ob sich die beiden untersuchten Sprachen im Konjunktivgebrauch 瓣hneln, wenngleich sie verschiedenen Sprachst瓣mmen angeh繹ren. Es wird untersucht welche Differenzen und ?bereinstimmungen sie aufweisen. Die kontrastive Analyse des Konjunktivgebrauchs erfolgt anhand von Beispiels瓣tzen aus dem Buch des kolumbianischen Schriftstellers Gabriel Garc穩a M獺rquez El amor en los tiempos del c籀lera sowie des russischen Schriftstellers Boris Akunin Azazel' (und der entsprechenden russischen und spanischen ?bersetzung).
Punctuation Without Tears
'A powerful little book: sure-footed, simple, feisty, funny, and profoundly helpful'' Five Stars (The Independent)Punctuate with confidence the easy way! A quick, funny, illustrated guide to all the punctuation you'll ever need to know. Whether you want to master punctuation for school, university, creative writing, journalism, business or anything else, this zany little book abandons complex rules and offers simple guidance for British and US English.In an easy and engaging style suitable for all ages, this short guide goes through all the common punctuation marks, explaining how to use each one, and showing how to avoid some of the commonest errors.Using funny, memorable examples, it allows you quickly to master all the common punctuation marks: periods (full stops), commas, colons, semicolons, exclamation marks, question marks, dashes, hyphens, apostrophes, quotation marks, brackets, and ellipses. It also has sections on how to handle two punctuation marks next to each other, numbers, -ize and -ise, and a wealth of other style advice. Many of the chapters are brought to life with whacky illustrations.- British and US English - No technical jargon - Clear examplesThis book is for: - Writers (fiction and non-fiction) - Schools and colleges - Business - All ages'I wish every one of my students would read this!' Professor of Physics, Oxford University'What a wonderful book!' Director, Author School'A magical manual!' Editor, Leading UK newspaper'Made me laugh and cheer' Award-winning TV producerDominic Selwood is a journalist and bestselling author. Delia Johnson is a book illustrator.
The Scope of Lexical Rules
No detailed description available for "The scope of lexical rules".
Transitivity
No detailed description available for "Transitivity".
First Grade Reading Masterclass
GET YOUR KIDS TO FALL IN LOVE WITH READING WITH THIS FUN AND EDUCATIONAL BOOK TODAY!Get Your Kids Excited About Reading And Help Them Learn About Feelings, School, Family, and Simple Life Principles That Will Get Them Through Their First Grades With Ease. This Book Also Includes 50 Insightful and Enlightening Poems To Broaden Their Knowledge And Help Them Become Better Children.In This Book Your Kids Will Learn: About Ricky ResponsibilityHow Felicia Spends Time With FamilyAbout How Carly Learns To CommunicateHow Hannah Learns About Hard WorkHow Chester Gains His Confidence!About Lester and LoveHow Sean Gets SickHow Melissa Makes A New FriendHow Austin Cares For AnimalsHow Chelsea Discovers ConsistencyHow Barney Becomes BraveTo Recognise Sounds: Alphabets, Cosonants, Vowels, Phonemes, RhymesBonusPoems About Good FeelingsWhat It Means To Be Happy, Excited, Calm, SurprisedPoems About The PlaygroundWhat It Means To Have Friends, How To Make New Friends, Talk Time, Saying GoodbyeEducational Poems About FriendshipPoems that Address Negative Feelings Such As Anxiety, Embarrassment, Shyness, Stress, JealousyPoems That Teach Them About ParentsFun Poems Addressing Siblings: Brothers, SistersMore Insightful Poems About Feelings: Anger, Frustration, Sadness, Fear, Being Grumpy, School Poems: First Day, Teachers, Carpet Time, Class Time, Simple Poems About Food: Salads, Candy, Fruits, SnacksResponsible Poems That Teaches Sharing and CaringSharing Poems, Taking Turns, Giving, Helping, and CaringAnd Many Many More!!!Pick up your copy of the book right now by clicking the BUY NOW button at the top of this page!
!b繳scalo! (Look It Up!)
A novel approach--very useful for quick reference.--Mark Goldin Associate Professor of Spanish, George Mason University ""Very user-friendly and easy-to-find information. Alphabetical order is an innovation in comparison to other grammar guides on the market. I would recommend this guide to students of all levels.""--Keith Mason, Spanish instructor, New Providence High School. ""The explanations are to be praised for their clarity.""--Judith Nemethy, Director of Spanish Language Studies, New York University !Buscalo! (Look It Up!) gives you remarkably quick, concise, and reliable answers to common problems of grammar and usage. Unlike most guides to Spanish grammar, !Buscalo!'s easy-to-use alphabetical format allows you to go directly to the entry that addresses your specific question. Over 500 entries cover everything from meaning, use, and grammar to precision, punctuation, and sentence structure. Cross-referenced in English and Spanish, with a helpful pronunciation guide and explanations of grammatical terms, !Buscalo! is a unique one-stop reference that is perfect for both casual and serious students.
Tono-Types and Tone Evolution
This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the "multiple-register and four-level" tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.
Die Phonetik Von ?h Und ?hm
In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird untersucht, welche akustischen Eigenschaften F羹llpartikeln wie 瓣h und 瓣hm in spontansprachlichen Dialogen des Deutschen zeigen und welche linguistischen Kontexte dabei auf welche Weise ihre akustische Form beeinflussen. Malte Belz betrachtet hierf羹r die phonetischen Parameter Dauer, Tonh繹he, Vokalqualit瓣t sowie Phonationsmodus und analysiert den Einfluss dreier granular verschiedener Kontextebenen auf die Form: die Mikroebene enth瓣lt Annotationen der adjazenten Laut- oder Pausenumgebung, die Mesoebene erfasst Intonationsphrasen und auf der Makroebene sind dialogstrukturelle Einheiten wie Fragen oder Antworten annotiert.Der Intonationsphrasenkontext 羹bt den deutlichsten Effekt auf F羹llpartikeln aus - so ist am Phrasenanfang ihr Vokal offener, w瓣hrend am Phrasenende ihre Dauer l瓣nger und ihre Tonh繹he tiefer ist. Dieses Ergebnis wird komplementiert durch Effekte auf der Mikroebene, w瓣hrend der Einfluss der Dialogstruktur inkonsistentbleibt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt damit, dass die Realisierung von F羹llpartikeln - wie andere W繹rter auch - allgemeinen prosodischen Prinzipien folgt.
Patrimonio Filol籀gico: Contribuciones Y Nuevas Perspectivas
El volumen subraya la importancia de la filolog穩a como instrumento de salvaguarda y recuperaci籀n del patrimonio cultural ling羹穩stico y literario. Consta de 18 cap穩tulos distribuidos en cuatro secciones, en los que, tras unas reflexiones te籀ricas sobre el concepto de patrimonio literario actual, autores de distintas 獺reas filol籀gicas de la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad de M獺laga abren nuevas perspectivas de estudio para la conservaci籀n y difusi籀n del patrimonio ling羹穩stico y una mejor comprensi籀n de la historia y la sociedad de las culturas reflejadas en el patrimonio literario de Europa. Se cierra la obra con tres estudios que demuestran c籀mo adem獺s los textos literarios, mediante el an獺lisis filol籀gico que acent繳a su valor testimonial de 矇pocas pasadas, son documentos indispensables para un mejor conocimiento del patrimonio etnol籀gico, social y art穩stico transmitido o condicionado por ellos.
New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style
In recent years, the Cognitive Grammar account of language and mind has become an influential framework for the study of textual meaning and interpretation. This book is the first to bring together applications of Cognitive Grammar for a range of stylistic purposes, including the analysis of both literary and non-literary discourse. Demonstrating the diverse range of uses for Cognitive Grammar, chapters apply this framework to diverse text-types including poetry, narrative fiction, comics, press reports, political discourse and music, as well as exploring its potential for the teaching of language and literature in a range of contexts. Combining cutting-edge research in cognitive, critical and pedagogical stylistics, New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Styleshowcases the latest developments in this field and offers new insights into our experiences of literary and non-literary texts by drawing on current understandings of language and cognition.
A First Book In Old English; Grammar, Reader, Notes, And Vocabulary
Step into the language that shaped modern English: A First Book in Old English blends clear instruction with authentic readings that bring Anglo-Saxon texts within reach. Perfect for beginners and collectors. Albert S. Cook's careful arrangement of grammar, reader, notes and vocabulary offers concise explanations, graded passages and glosses designed for self-study or classroom use. As an Old English grammar guide and Old English reader collection, it presents Anglo-Saxon language basics, including inflection, pronunciation and syntax, alongside exercises that function as a beginner Old English workbook rather than dry drills. Practical notes demystify irregular paradigms and variant spellings, while the vocabulary section gathers the essential lemmas students need to start translating with confidence. Its pacing suits independent learners, secondary-school teachers and structured undergraduate modules alike. The tone is plain, direct and attentive to detail; readers encounter the language systematically, with readable commentary that makes early English language study feel purposeful rather than obscure. Rooted in sound philological practice, the reader sheds light on structural patterns that underlie early medieval literature and supports medieval England studies through exemplars and grammatical explanation. It suits use as a historical linguistics textbook, a practical language students resource and as an adjunct to the university English curriculum, translating academic rigour into practical drills and clear annotations while illuminating English language origins. Casual readers fascinated by linguistic heritage, language students taking their first steps into Old English, and collectors of classic scholarship will all value the measured clarity of its notes and the utility of its vocabulary. As a compact classic language reference, it clarifies why the English we speak today grew from these roots rather than treating the past as an impenetrable relic. Out of print for decades and now republished by Alpha Editions. Restored for today's and future generations. More than a reprint - a collector's item and a cultural treasure.
English Grammar Exercises
English Grammar Exercises by P. Mason, C.: a classic manual of usage, revived. Precise drills for lasting clarity. First issued as a purposeful, teacher-minded text, this english grammar workbook sets out crisp rules alongside disciplined grammar practice exercises and well-graded sentence structure lessons. Each section pares instruction to its essentials, then offers systematic work that trains punctuation and usage while reinforcing broader english language skills. The tone is unadorned and exact: explanations are brief, tasks are purposeful and repetition consolidates habit. Read as a language learning guide it supports steady progress; read as a self-study grammar book it rewards focus and discipline. The practicality of the exercises makes the volume useful in classrooms, tutorial programmes and as an esl student resource for adults and younger learners. Accessible language suits both younger learners and adults returning to study. The practice-led method favours habit and precision, so progress is steady and enduring. As an early 20th century textbook it offers a window into the pedagogical rigour of its time and endures as a classic english reference. Its economy of phrase and organised approach make the material surprisingly modern: clear sequencing, steady reinforcement and an emphasis on correct usage anticipate techniques used in later syllabuses. The exercises are adaptable; teachers can deploy them as concise warm-ups or focused revision, while independent learners use the steady repetition to build confidence and fluency consistently. For librarians, teachers and collectors it is evidence of educational practice and a welcome addition to any english grammar collection; the comprehensive grammar exercises enclosed still repay careful attention and remain an effective means to sharpen expression. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike.
Smuggling in Syntax
One of the fundamental properties of human language is movement, where a constituent moves from one position in a sentence to another position. Syntactic theory has long been concerned with properties of movement, including locality restrictions. Smuggling in Syntax investigates how different movement operations interact with one another, focusing on the special case of smuggling. First introduced by volume editor Chris Collins in 2005, the term 'smuggling' refers to a specific type of movement interaction. The contributions in this volume each describe different areas where smuggling derivations play a role, including passives, causatives, adverb placement, the dative alternation, the placement of measure phrases, wh-in-situ, and word order in ergative languages. The volume also addresses issues like the freezing constraint on movement and the acquisition of smuggling derivations by children. In this work, Adriana Belletti and Chris Collins bring together leading syntacticians to present a range of contributions on different aspects of smuggling. Tackling fundamental theoretical questions with empirical consequences, this volume explores one of the least understood types of movement and points the way toward new research.
Who?
Questions that ask whether or not some statement is true are called yes-no questions (or polar questions, or general questions), since they can in principle be answered by a "yes" or "no" (or similar words or expressions in other languages). Examples include "Do you take sugar?", "Should they be believed?" and "Am I the loneliest person in the world?" A type of question that is similar in form to a yes-no question, but is not intended to be answered with a "yes" or "no", is the alternative question (or choice question). This presents two or more alternative answers, as in "Do you want fish or lamb?", or "Are you supporting England, Ireland or Wales?" The expected response is one of the alternatives, or some other indication such as "both" or "neither" (questionnaire forms sometimes contain an option "none of the above" or similar for such questions). Because of their similarity in form to yes-no questions, they may sometimes be answered "yes" or "no", possibly humorously or as a result of misunderstanding.
A Grammar Of Late Modern English; For The Use Of Continental, Especially Dutch, Students (Part Ii) The Parts Of Speech, Section I, B Pronouns And Numerals.
A precise, scholarly study of pronouns and numerals in Late Modern English. A landmark reference for students. H. Poutsma's Part II of A Grammar of Late Modern English turns an unforgivingly close eye to two small but crucial word classes. Originally prepared for continental, especially Dutch, students, it combines classroom clarity with scholarly reach. This is an indispensable English grammar reference and parts of speech guide, offering a pronouns and numerals study that balances technical description with comparative grammar analysis. English language learners will find systematic explanations, and the volume functions as an advanced grammar for students seeking robust examples and rigorous argument. The emphasis on form, function and cross-linguistic parallels makes the work a compact historical linguistics resource as much as a teaching text. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike. First published in the early 20th century, Poutsma's scholarship stands within early 20th century linguistics and the academic grammar series tradition that informed comparative studies across Europe. Its measured analyses and comparative outlook make it equally useful for researchers mapping language change and for instructors requiring a dependable reference in the classroom. The book's sustained attention to form and function rewards slow reading but also serves quick consultation: it is as at home on a scholar's shelf as in the hands of a curious reader. Libraries, philologists and collectors of classic linguistic textbook collection will value this restored edition for both its scholarly content and its cultural importance. For casual readers fascinated by the architecture of English and for classic-literature collectors, this edition offers readable scholarship and the scholarly weight of a restored classic. A welcome addition to any reference shelf.
English Transcription Course
Have you ever been confused by the fact that the words 'though' and 'bough' are pronounced differently, or frustrated by the realisation that 'hint' and 'pint' don't rhyme? It is well known that the spelling system of English is notoriously unhelpful as an indicator of how to pronounce English words. Spoken and written representations of English are mutually inconsistent, making it difficult to interpret the 'logic' of the language. Learning to transcribe English phonetically, however, provides an accurate visual interpretation of pronunciation: it helps you to realise what you actually say, rather than what you think you say. English Transcription Course is the ideal workbook for anyone wishing to practice their transcription skills. It provides a series of eight lessons, each dealing with a particular aspect of pronunciation, and introduces and explains the most important features of connected speech in modern British English - such as assimilation, elision and weak forms, concentrating on achieving a relaxed, informal style of speech. Each lesson is followed by a set of exercises which allow for extensive practise of the skills learnt in both current and previous chapters. Students can check their progress with the 'model' answers provided in the appendix.
Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation
The Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation offers accessible and coherent explanations across a broad range of topics, and is an excellent first port of call for any reader seeking clear, authoritative help with grammar and punctuation. Incorporating hundreds of examples of real usage taken from the Oxford English Corpus, this handy volume contains more than 300 alphabetically-arranged entries, including standard grammatical terms such as active voice, conjunction, pronoun, synonym, and transitive verb. It also discusses related questions of usage, including how to distinguish between 'may or might', 'that or which', and 'it's or its'. Over 30 feature entries on major headwords like adverb, clause, and spelling include diagrams listing related terms. The A-Z has been fully revised and updated, and the structure and approach has been revisited to improve its accessibility, including clearer typographical conventions, and the reintroduction of the easy-to-use two-colour format found in early editions. Major headwords have been made (where possible) shorter and easier to navigate, and all sample sentences have been revised, replacing those that are out of date and adding new ones where needed. Readers of all levels will find this volume to be an essential tool for writing at home, in the office, at school, and at college.
Anti-Contiguity
A recent wave of research has explored the link between wh- syntax and prosody, breaking with the traditional generative conception of a unidirectional syntax-phonology relationship. In this book, Jason Kandybowicz develops Anti-contiguity Theory as a compelling alternative to Richards' Contiguity Theory to explain the interaction between the distribution of interrogative expressions and the prosodic system of a language. Through original and highly detailed fieldwork on several under-studied West African languages (Krachi, Bono, Wasa, Asante Twi, and Nupe), Kandybowicz presents empirically and theoretically rich analyses bearing directly on a number of important theories of the syntax-prosody interface. His observations and analyses stem from original fieldwork on all five languages and represent some of the first prosodic descriptions of the languages. The book also considers data from thirteen additional typologically diverse languages to demonstrate the theory's reach and extendibility. Against the backdrop of data from eighteen languages, Anti-contiguity offers a new lens on the empirical and theoretical study of wh- prosody.
Spanish Language For Beginners
Eager To Learn The Spanish Language But Don't Want To Spend Time And Money Attending Courses? Then Get Ready To Make Friends With This Spanish Language Tool And Quickly Learn The Fundamentals!Buenos dias, muchachos - and that's it! If these are some of the few words and phrases you know in Spanish, you should consider yourself Advanced, especially if know you know how to spell them correctly...Jokes aside, whether you are planning any business travels or just a simple vacation to a Spanish-speaking country, we both know that you will feel more confident and at ease if you knew something more than solely greeting people in their local language, or ordering a cup of coffee...But participating in courses or hiring a private teacher is a time-, effort-, and money-consuming activity for which not everyone can dedicate their resources to...And that's totally okay.For this reason...Here's Where This Self-Study Spanish Speaking Manual Comes Into Place! It Will Provide You With A Smattering General Of The Language By Allowing You To Move Forward At Your Own Pace, Practice, And Evaluate Your Progress; And The Fact That It Also Comes With An Audio Version Is Going To Help You Big Time With Having Your Pronunciation Right On Point!By going through This Student's Book, you will: - Find An Effective Study Plan that consists of mixing different types of study (to get the most of the learning material)- Get An Understanding of How Sentence Structure Works and convert any thought into a grammatically correct speech (both spoken or in writing)- Complete Creative Exercises that will help you memorize what you've already learned (thus improving your language skills)- Practice Grammar, Vocabulary, Syntax, and Pronunciation in a sensibly ordered way (just as a standard teacher would do)- Unlock 100 Simple Phrases to start feeling more like a local (and consequently boost your confidence and self-esteem when being out there)- And So Many Other Useful Insights!Achieving the desired progress might take some time, but...As we all know, Rome was not built in a single day and only practice makes perfect. But should you decide to take the alternative way of learning, You Can Turn This Spanish Language Guide Into Your Own Private Teacher That Will Empower You To Catch On To The Vocabulary and Pronunciation Fundamentals In Little To No Time!Can't Wait To Start...?... Order Your Copy, Do The Studying, And Let The Siesta Begin!
Spanish Short Stories for Beginners
Now it's time to through away your boring grammar books for a little while!Reading to short stories can be a funny way of learning a language.By reading a story in a foreign language, you are interacting with this language, expanding your vocabulary and improving your comprehension at the same time.Inside this book, you will find: 12 easy-to-read short and funny stories in Spanish to help you get started;many tips that you can use around your home, office, or while traveling to start learning Spanish the best way without a teacher;a chapter dedicated to verb conjugations in the Spanish language, in addition to the stories.an overview that will teach you how Spanish sentences are structured so that you will be able to understand the types of words without knowing the actual words;over 900 defined words to learn with a pronunciation guide, along with English translations, which make the exercises more fun and easy to learn.English translations of the stories that you can follow along if you get lost.Take the shortcut to learn Spanish easily and having fun, scroll up and click the BUY NOW button.
Order and Structure in Syntax II
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax I
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax II
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax I
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios
The volume contains a selection of papers originally presented at the symposium on "Areal patterns of grammaticalization and cross-linguistic variation in grammaticalization scenarios" held on 12-14 March 2015 at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. The papers, written by leading scholars combining expertise in historical linguistics and grammaticalization research, study variation in grammaticalization scenarios in a variety of language families (Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Bantu, Mande, "Khoisan", Siouan, and Mayan). The volume stands out in the vast literature on grammaticalization by focusing on variation in grammaticalization scenarios and areal patterns in grammaticalization. Apart from documenting new grammaticalization paths, the volume makes a methodological contribution as it addresses an important question of how to reconcile universal outcomes of grammaticalization processes with the fact that the input to these processes is language-specific and construction-specific. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Speech Production and Perception
Learning and memory processes are basic features of human existence. They allow us to (un)consciously adapt to changes in our social and physical environment in a variety of ways and may have been a precursor for survival in human evolution. Through several reviews and original work the book focuses on three key topics that enhanced our understanding of the topic in the last twenty years: first, the role of real-time auditory feedback in learning, second, the role of motor aspects for learning and memory, and third, representations in memory and the role of sleep on memory consolidation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Speech Production and Perception
Learning and memory processes are basic features of human existence. They allow us to (un)consciously adapt to changes in our social and physical environment in a variety of ways and may have been a precursor for survival in human evolution. Through several reviews and original work the book focuses on three key topics that enhanced our understanding of the topic in the last twenty years: first, the role of real-time auditory feedback in learning, second, the role of motor aspects for learning and memory, and third, representations in memory and the role of sleep on memory consolidation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Phonologie
Das Studienbuch stellt auf hohem und doch allgemeinverst瓣ndlichem Niveau moderne Theorien der Phonologie dar. Es richtet sich haupts瓣chlich an Studierende der allgemeinen und germanistischen Linguistik im Grund- und Hauptstudium, eignet sich aber auch f羹r das Selbststudium. Die elf Kapitel widmen sich jeweils einem Bereich der Phonologie; z. B. den phonetischen Grundlagen, distinktiven Merkmalen, der autosegmentalen Phonologie, Silbenphonologie, prosodischen Phonologie und der Optimalit瓣tstheorie. Jedes Kapitel enth瓣lt zur Vertiefung eine Reihe von Aufgaben.
Einf羹hrung in Die Phonetik
Keine ausf羹hrliche Beschreibung f羹r "Einf羹hrung in die Phonetik" verf羹gbar.
