Reflections on Syntax; Lectures in General Linguistics, Syntax, and Child Language Acquisition
The book begins with a gradual assessment of the kinds of complex constructs students of syntax need to work-up.
Just a Grammar Workbook - Middle Grades
This book is a bare bones workbook with worksheets for elementary or middle school English students as well as ESL students. It is designed as a compliment to a live or online course in English grammar. It contains practice and exercises for a variety of topics, but there are no lessons or instruction of any kind. Space is provided for notes so that each educator can convey the necessary concepts in their own way. Contents include: 1. Grammar Basics (Review) - Nouns, Verbs- Adjectives, Adverbs- Pronouns2. Sentences- Subject/Verb Agreement- NOTES- Subject/ Predicate- Clauses - Independent/Dependent- NOTES- Simple/Compound Sentences- NOTES- LIST of Subordinating Conjunctions- Complex/Compound-Complex- NOTES- Sentence Types3. Prepositions- LIST of Prepositions- NOTES- Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases4. Compounds- Subjects and Verbs- Objects of Prepositions5. Nouns- NOTES- Common/Proper- Concrete/Abstract- Subjects and Objects- Pronouns (intro)6. Adjectives- NOTES- Descriptive Adjectives- NOTES- Limiting Adjectives (Noun Determiners)- NOTES- Predicate Adjectives7. Verbs- NOTES- Verb Tenses (Past, Present, Future)- NOTES- Action Verbs/Linking Verbs- NOTES- Predicate Adjectives - Predicate Nominatives- NOTES- Transitive Verbs/Intransitive Verbs- Direct Objects- NOTES- Indirect Objects- LIST of Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs- NOTES- Helping Verbs and Verb Phrases- Infinitives- NOTES- Contractions- NOTES- Irregular Past Tense- Irregular Past Participle8. Adverbs- NOTES- Descriptive ("How") Adverbs- NOTES- "When" Adverbs- "Where" Adverbs- "To What Extent" Adverbs9. Pronouns- NOTES- Nominative (Subjective) Pronouns - Objective Pronouns- NOTES- Possessive Pronouns- Reflexive Pronouns- Pronoun or Adjective?10. Appositives- NOTES- Appositives11. Verbals- NOTES- Verbals
The Grammar You Missed in High School
End Your Grammar Insecurity Forever! Are you the student going back to school after some time away and finding yourself anxious about grammar, usage and punctuation? Are you the business professional who has to get the grammar right-and who's been embarrassed once or twice when you didn't? Maybe you are the tired mom or dad trying to help your child with homework-and worried about your ability to do that. Or maybe you are a high school student who doesn't want to graduate without being sure you are ready for college English classes. If you fit any of those categories, The Grammar You Missed in High School is the perfect book for you. Its friendly style, lean definitions, and common-sense examples-many of them hilarious-make this book different from the dry, boring textbooks of the past. It has fun with the subject, takes a poke at "snob English," and dispels some grammar myths. You definitely will feel better when you read the numerous examples of language mistakes published and broadcast by "professionals." The Grammar You Missed in High School provides the ideal refresher for the student who should have paid a little closer attention back in school-or for the student who never received instruction in the fundamentals in the first place. It's suitable to be used in class with other students or at home for learners working on their own. Each topic is clarified with examples and supplemented with review exercises, and the answer key provides explanations for the correct responses. It's a book that will help you become a better writer, reader, and thinker.
Introducci籀n a Las Variedades Lingue穩sticas del Espa簽ol
Este libro presenta al lector la rica diversidad ling羹穩stica del mundo hispano (c籀mo se habla en Espa簽a y Am矇rica). Est獺 dise簽ado para cursos de dialectolog穩a introductorios o para interesados en el tema sin, necesariamente, conocimientos de ling羹穩stica.
The Routledge Handbook of Phonological Theory
The Routledge Handbook of Phonological Theory provides a comprehensive overview of the major contemporary approaches to phonology. Phonology is frequently defined as the systematic organisation of the sounds of human language. For some, this includes aspects of both the surface phonetics together with systematic structural properties of the sound system; for others, phonology is seen as distinct from, and autonomous from, phonetics. The Routledge Handbook of Phonological Theory surveys the differing ways in which phonology is viewed, with a focus on current approaches to phonology. Divided into two parts, this handbook: covers major conceptual frameworks within phonology, including: rule-based phonology; Optimality Theory; Government Phonology; Dependency Phonology; and connectionist approaches to generative phonology; explores the central issue of the relationship between phonetics and phonology; features 23 chapters written by leading academics from around the world. The Routledge Handbook of Phonological Theory is an authoritative survey of this key field in linguistics, and is essential reading for students studying phonology.
Introducci籀n a Las Variedades Lingue穩sticas del Espa簽ol
Este libro presenta al lector la rica diversidad ling羹穩stica del mundo hispano (c籀mo se habla en Espa簽a y Am矇rica). Est獺 dise簽ado para cursos de dialectolog穩a introductorios o para interesados en el tema sin, necesariamente, conocimientos de ling羹穩stica.
Semantics of Complex Words
This volume offers a valuable overview of recent research into the semantic aspects of complex words through different theoretical frameworks. Contributions by experts in the field, both morphologists and psycholinguists, identify crucial areas of research, present alternative and complementary approaches to their examination from the current level of knowledge, and indicate perspectives of research into the semantics of complex words by raising important questions that need to be investigated in order to get a more comprehensive picture of the field. Recent decades have seen both extensive and intensive development of various theories of word-formation, however, the semantic aspects of complex words have, with a few notable exceptions, been rather neglected. This volume fills that gap by offering articles written by leading experts in the field from various theoretical backgrounds.
The History of Modern Chinese Grammar Studies
Preface of the revised edition.- Acknowledgements.- Introduction.- The Mashi Wentong.- The period of Imitation (1898-1930).- Innovation and Maturation (1930 - 1949).- The discussion on 'Innovation of Grammar'.- The Age of Standardization.- Summary and Conclusions.- APPENDIX.
On the Origins of Speaking
"On the Origins of Speaking" is a book about etymology, that is the origins of words and their meanings, a book on the relatively new science of Linguistics, which reveals why they mean what they mean. The last fifty years of Linguistics have been in thrall to Professor Noam Chomsky of Massachussets Institute of Technology, MIT, and his Transformational Grammar, which he put together when he was still an undergraduate at MIT himself. The etymology has taken a back seat for the last fifty years and more, while language studies have been conducted in terms of symbolic logic, with logical terms treated as equivalent to mathematical ones. This originated with Gotfried Frege in Austria, in the eighteenth century, but had little influence until Bertrand Russell's "Principia Mathematica" (copying Newton) in the last century. It is perhaps more philosophy than science. Unthinking people think meanings are random. But few scientific theories last unchanged for ever, and the pendulum is swinging the other way. Many more primitive languages have been researched in the two nests of hundreds of primitive languages in the Amazon Basin and the island of New Guinea, where different speakers are apt to exchange poisoned blowpipe darts when they meet rather than conversation. It keeps societies with the same language small and many of them, and their grammars, as well as undeveloped, are various; and most importantly are quite different from the grammars of the west. Their language genes are different from our language genes, if there actually are any genes involved in language. But when we address the actual circumstances of how we learned to speak it is clear we were only able to share our meanings as we learned to utter the single phonemes one by one by giving them meanings which were echoic, never mind our genes. So cucu meant a cuckoo; but generally the echoism was much more whimsical. The sharpest tone was ka and the sharpest job was flaking flints. The sound of flint on flint could be thought of as ka. Once the bare bottomed naming committees hunkered around their hearths had picked a meaning, then those in the know would repeat the action or point to the object while saying the consonant until everyone got it. It worked. This is some way from speech today. Until the Tower of Babel (the Tau of Bab El, the change of the mouth of the Lord, that is to say of God's original language) - when, comparatively recently, (say some eight thousand years ago) we abandoned compiling our words from their constituent phonemes as we went along and just learned them by heart, like parrots, with their meanings as well} we spoke with single phonemes (mostly the consonants with three vowels to aid pronunciation, a, i and u (aa, ee and oo) and we soon learned to string them together for more meanings, derived from their first ones. It took hundreds of thousands of years, but eventually we abandoned Babel. We are much better at remembering single meanings than the meanings of all the individual phonemes and the composite meaning derived from each string. The heavy work is discovering all the original meanings of the phonemes (letters) and how they developed from there, by metaphor, one after the other; and it is largely done for you in this book. It took me forty years. Nothing like it before.
From Far and Wide
This volume contains the refined proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of University Teachers of German (CAUTG), which took place at Ryerson University, Toronto, as part of the Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences in May 2017.
The Elements of Syriac Grammar
Published in 1866, this is a treatise on the Syriac language.
English Grammar
English Grammar: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English grammar and its place in society. Rather than taking a prescriptive approach, this book helps the reader become aware of the social implications of choices they make to use standard or non-standard (regional/dialect) forms. Readers will consider: - what grammar is and how it fits into the structure of language;- how grammar functions in the school curriculum, the press, broadcasting and social media, as well as how these outlets reflect and reinforce our attitudes towards grammar;- differences between speech and writing, as well as between formality and informality;- major different approaches to theorising and describing grammar from important grammarians, including Noam Chomsky and Michael Halliday. Featuring a glossary of key terms and practical tips and insights from the author's 50+ years of language teaching experience around the world, this book is for anyone who has ever found themselves questioning the 'rules' of the English language.
Anglo-American and Polish Proverbs
The book presents a linguo-cultural picture of traditional values reflected in Anglo-American and Polish proverbs. The paremiological analysis carried out from a contrastive perspective provides additional evidence supporting the claim about the existence of distinct axiological differences specific only to a given linguo-culture.
Grammar Saves Lives
This is a short, concise, down and dirty guide for professional writing. Whether you are a police officer, security guard or just about any type of law enforcement officer, this book will give you a no nonsense education in how to write coherently and with clarity. Improve your writing overnight with this book. Before you spend a lot more money for a much bigger book, check this one out! August update: Volume 2 will hit the shelves any day now!
Smarten the F*ck Up!
"Smarten the F*ck Up!" is the result of 4 years of documenting the most common mistakes people make when speaking and writing - and it goes well beyond grammar. Many of the smartest and most educated people I know make these mistakes. You probably do, too. Most are mistakes we've unknowingly made our entire lives, and this book will help you find yours. It's more of a self-help book, although much of what it conveys is grammar-related... just without the grammar-nerd language! It was written to be both informative and entertaining, with a sometimes-offbeat sense of humor, a bit of sarcasm, a touch of crudeness, a dose of politics, a little cursing here and there, an occasional expression of humanity, as well as a tongue-in-cheek irreverence toward grammar nerds. You'll also see an occasional rant... just for the sake of entertainment, of course.It's truly a book the average person can relate to, learn from, and laugh with. It's also a great conversation starter when placed on your coffee table or in your bathroom... just check for missing pages every now and then.;-) It's time to fix the embarrassing mistakes you've been (unknowingly) making your entire life!
Structural and Typological Variation in the Dialects of Kurdish
This book offers the first comparative discussion of variation in selected areas of structure in the dialects of Kurdish. The contributions draw on data collected as part of the project on Structural and Typological Variation in Kurdish and stored in the Manchester Database of Kurdish Dialects online resource, as well as on additional data sources. The chapters address issues in lexicon, phonology, and morpho-syntax including nominal case, tense and aspect categories, pronominal clitics, adpositions, word order (with special reference to post-predicate constituents) and connectivity and complex clauses. The materials that inform the analysis consist of a systematic questionnaire-based elicitation covering key features of variation in lexicon and morpho-syntax, and an accompanying corpus of free speech recordings, collected in over 120 locations across the Kurdish-speaking regions in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran and covering mainly the dialects of Northern and Central Kurdish (Kurmani-Bahdini and Sorani), with some consideration of Southern Kurdish. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in fields such as linguistics, linguistic typology, Iranian linguistics and linguistics of the Middle East, and dialectology.
Common Phonology of the Chinese Dialects
This book presents a comparative reconstruction of the common phonology of the Chinese dialects using representative data from living dialects. The resulting phonology includes all categories and phonological distinctions that are represented in the dialect data. It departs from the tradition of using philological sources and non-Chinese borrowings as the basis for a reconstructed system. Based on a strict comparative methodology, the phonology presented encapsulates the shared phonology of the dialects and reflects the real-world distinctions and categories found in the living dialects. For example, the initials preserve the tripartite division that includes voiced obstruents seen in W繳 dialects; the finals are comparatively drawn based on the collective dialect data; and the syllable codas preserve the three-way contrasts of consonant stop endings seen in the Cantonese dialects. The data presented allows readers to observe the basis for all of the distinction and categories includedin the common phonology and the relationship of that phonology to all of the dialects, and as a result to identify the dialects' disparate developments and evolution. The English translation also includes innovative elements that render it even more useful for researchers than the Chinese original. The book is primarily intended for scholars and researchers investigating the Chinese dialects and their relationships, and the history of Chinese. It is also useful for scholars of Chinese history and literature who need a handy resource providing essential information on the historical phonology of Chinese.
Comma Sense
Comma Sense by Ellen Feld is your go-to book for all things grammar. Understand the rules of adverbs, punctuation, abbreviations, prepositions, and much more. Learn how to write technically, professionally, and personally.
Prolegomenon to a Theory of Argument Structure
This work is the culmination of an eighteen-year collaboration between Ken Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser on the study of the syntax of lexical items. It examines the hypothesis that the behavior of lexical items may be explained in terms of a very small number of very simple principles. In particular, a lexical item is assumed to project a syntactic configuration defined over just two relations, complement and specifier, where these configurations are constrained to preclude iteration and to permit only binary branching. The work examines this hypothesis by methodically looking at a variety of constructions in English and other languages.
Vasishtha Shiksha
Vasishtha Shiksha is an ancient manual of the Sanskrit alphabet, written by a celebrated sage, and completely lost to the world, but for one handwritten manuscript in Tirupati, India. Here is the revival of this comprehensive knowledge of pronunciation of Sanskrit. Systematic and concise, there are chapters on the 1) The letters of the Alphabet; 2) The places of articulation in the mouth of the different letters; 3) The degrees of contact of the different classes of letters, vowels, consonants, etc.; 4) Voiced and unvoiced letters, aspirated and unaspirated letters, and the duration of different letters; 5) The rules of the application of Vedic pitch accents in letters, words, and verses; and 6) The organs of articulation for the different letters. Authoritative and complete, the original Sanskrit text is presented with an English translation, and an extensive commentary to clarify and make accessible all the fine details of this ancient science of pronunciation. A pervading theme of the ancient Vedic system of education, Shiksha, is to provide total knowledge and complete enlightenment to the student in the first lesson. The wise founders of the various recensions of Vedic recitation wrote treatises on the alphabet in order put every student on the path to complete unfoldment of his infinite inner potential. Vasishtha's alphabet primer is also a manual for enlightenment, unfolding the seven states of consciousness, and expounding the complete integration of life in unity consciousness. The commentary makes this undercurrent explicit and connects these two themes, the physical details of pronunciation and the program of education for enlightenment. This brings into focus the goal of Vasishtha's teaching presented in his final chapter, how by learning and reciting Sanskrit, one achieves the aim of the study of Shiksha, outer worldly fame, and inner life of eternal bliss in Brahman consciousness. Here is a modern revival of the ancient teaching of perfection in life through education.
Parameter Hierarchies and Universal Grammar
This book develops a minimalist approach to cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation. Ian Roberts argues that the essential insight of the principles-and-parameters approach to variation can be maintained - albeit in a somewhat different guise - in the context of the minimalist programme for linguistic theory. The central idea is to organize the parameters of Universal Grammar (UG) into hierarchies that define the ways in which properties of individually variant categories and features may act in concert. A further leading idea, which is consistent with the overall goal of the minimalist programme to reduce the content of UG, is that the parameter hierarchies are not directly determined by UG, and are instead emergent properties stemming from the interaction of the three factors in language design. Cross-linguistic variation in word order, null subjects, incorporation, verb-movement, case/alignment, wh-movement, and negation are all analysed in the light of this approach. This book represents a significant new contribution to the formal study of cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation on both the empirical and theoretical levels, and will appeal to researchers and students in all areas of theoretical linguistics and comparative syntax.
Syllable Structure and Stress in Dutch
No detailed description available for "Syllable Structure and Stress in Dutch".
The Phonetic Basis of Perceptual Ratings of Running Speech
No detailed description available for "The Phonetic Basis of Perceptual Ratings of Running Speech".
Vol. 2
Keine ausf羹hrliche Beschreibung f羹r "Vol. 2" verf羹gbar.
Transitivity
No detailed description available for "Transitivity".
Speech Sounds and Features
This is a representative collection of the work of one of the world'sleading scholars in the area of speech acoustics. It follows the development overthe past 15 years of research presented in the author's previous publications onspeech analysis, feature theory, and applications to language descriptions. Most ofthe articles have had very restricted distribution -- many appearing only in theQuarterly Progress Reports issued by Dr. Fant's laboratory.The first part of thebook covers manifold aspects of speech analysis such as instrumental techniques, spectrum data, formant statistics with an emphasis on Swedish vowels and stops, speaker dependencies, normalization procedures, production theory, andcoarticulation. The second part analyzes established feature systems and suggestsrevisions and general discussions on the concept of distinctive features, perception, and the applicability of feature theory to automatic speech recognition.Articles in this part of the book are especially valuable because they represent Dr.Fant's work on "inherent" features and their phonetic correlates as it has evolvedsince his collaboration in 1952 with Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle.Speech Soundsand Features is the fourth volume in the series Current Studies inLinguistics.
Punctuation
Grammar consists of many things, and one of the more important is punctuation. It is like the Rosetta Stone, providing the key to how writers want a reader to interpret what they wrote. Punctuation is even present when we speak. A slight pause is similar to a comma, a longer pause akin to a semicolon, and a stop equals a period. Question marks and exclamation points can be heard in the cadence of a person's speech pattern and where the emphasis is placed and on which words.Almost all punctuation marks are represented in everyday speech and therein lies the key to great dialogue-knowing how to use punctuation correctly with dialogue.There are some writers who are masters at it. Elmore Leonard was one of the best. Read his books, or listen to a few of the movies made from his books, and you'll see a genius's work.This book explains how to use punctuation in an easy-to-grasp manner.
The Study of Word Stress and Accent
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions for ongoing research.
English-Medium Instruction and Pronunciation
This book offers new insights into the language gains of adult learners enrolled in an English-medium instruction degree programme. It provides longitudinal evidence of the phonological gains of the learners and investigates whether increased exposure to the target language leads to incidental learning of second language pronunciation.
The Syntax of V-V Resultatives in Mandarin Chinese
Chapter 1: Introduction 1 The empirical domain and basic research questions 2 Arguments and proposals: Preview 2.1 The generation of V-V resultative compounds 2.2 The syntactic structure of V-V resultatives 2.3 The alternation properties of V-V resultatives 3 Theoretical assumptions 4 Outline of the dissertationChapter 2: The generation of resultative V-V compounds 1 Introduction 2 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to word formation 2.1 The lexicalist approach 2.2 Word formation in Distributed Morphology: A syntactic approach 3 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis for the formation of complex words 3.1 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis 3.2 The crosslinguistic application of the two-domain hypothesis 4 A lexicalist analysis: Y. Li (2005) 5 Generation of resultative and parallel V-V compounds in Mandarin 5.1 Resultative vs. parallel V-V compounds 5.1.1 Parallel V-V compounds 5.1.2 Contrasting properties of resultative and parallel V-V compounds 5.2 An analysis under the two-domain hypothesis 5.2.1 Semantics: Compositionality vs. idiosyncrasy 5.2.2 Nominalizations 5.2.3 Free vs. bound component morphemes 5.2.4 Productivity vs. semi-productivity 5.2.5 Adverbial modification 6 ConclusionChapter 3: The syntactic structure of Mandarin V-V resultatives: An event-mapping approach 1 Introduction 2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.1 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to argument structure 2.1.1 The lexicalist approach 2.1.2 The syntactic approach: The autonomy of syntactic structure 2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.1 Event-structure decomposition of verbal semantics 2.2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.2.1 Travis (2010) and Ramchand (2008) 2.2.2.2&nbs
The Compositional Nature of Tense, Mood and Aspect: Volume 167
Bringing together fifty years' worth of cross-linguistic research, this pioneering monograph explores the complex interaction between tense, mood and aspect. It looks at the long way of combining elementary semantic units at the bottom of phrase structure up to and including the top of a sentence. Rejecting ternary tense as blocking compositionality, it introduces three levels obtained by binary tense oppositions. It also counters an outdated view on motion by assuming that change is not expressed as having an inherent goal but rather as dynamic interaction between different number systems that allows us to package information into countable and continuous units. It formally identifies the central role of a verb in a variety of argument structures and integrates adverbial modifiers into the compositional structure at different tense levels of phrase structure. This unique contribution to the field will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers in the syntax-semantics interface.
Gram獺tica Visual
In contemporary life, all of us are voracious consumers and emitters of visual messages. While we encounter a huge amount of graphic information, it's impossible to have a dialogue that's authentic, critical, and productive without basic knowledge of the elements of visual language. This practical guide takes the form of a brief treatise on visual grammar clearly defines the basic elements of visual language as well as their processes and relationships. En la vida contempor獺nea todos somos voraces consumidores y emisores de mensajes visuales. Diariamente nos enfrentamos a una gran cantidad de informaci籀n gr獺fica, aunque sin un conocimiento b獺sico de los elementos del lenguaje visual es imposible alcanzar un aut矇ntico di獺logo que resulte cr穩tico y productivo. Este libro es un peque簽o tratado de gram獺tica visual que define de forma sencilla y totalmente gr獺fica los elementos b獺sicos del lenguaje visual y sus procesos y relaciones. A medio camino entre tratado gramatical y diccionario visual, funciona como una practiqu穩sima herramienta y gu穩a de consulta para descodificar y producir mensajes visuales. El punto de partida id籀neo para iniciarse en la alfabetizaci籀n gr獺fica.
Der Konjunktivgebrauch Im Spanischen Und Russischen
Die Untersuchung stellt die zwei miteinander nicht eng verwandten Sprachen Spanisch und Russisch gegen羹ber. Es wird zwei gro?en Fragestellungen nachgegangen: Welche ?hnlichkeiten semantischer Art k繹nnen im Konjunktivgebrauch festgestellt werden? Welche Unterschiede lassen sich im Konjunktivgebrauch ausmachen und wie lassen sich diese erkl瓣ren.
Punctuation Without Tears
'A powerful little book: sure-footed, simple, feisty, funny, and profoundly helpful'' Five Stars (The Independent)Punctuate with confidence the easy way! A quick, funny, illustrated guide to all the punctuation you'll ever need to know. Whether you want to master punctuation for school, university, creative writing, journalism, business or anything else, this zany little book abandons complex rules and offers simple guidance for British and US English.In an easy and engaging style suitable for all ages, this short guide goes through all the common punctuation marks, explaining how to use each one, and showing how to avoid some of the commonest errors.Using funny, memorable examples, it allows you quickly to master all the common punctuation marks: periods (full stops), commas, colons, semicolons, exclamation marks, question marks, dashes, hyphens, apostrophes, quotation marks, brackets, and ellipses. It also has sections on how to handle two punctuation marks next to each other, numbers, -ize and -ise, and a wealth of other style advice. Many of the chapters are brought to life with whacky illustrations.- British and US English - No technical jargon - Clear examplesThis book is for: - Writers (fiction and non-fiction) - Schools and colleges - Business - All ages'I wish every one of my students would read this!' Professor of Physics, Oxford University'What a wonderful book!' Director, Author School'A magical manual!' Editor, Leading UK newspaper'Made me laugh and cheer' Award-winning TV producerDominic Selwood is a journalist and bestselling author. Delia Johnson is a book illustrator.
The Scope of Lexical Rules
No detailed description available for "The scope of lexical rules".
Transitivity
No detailed description available for "Transitivity".
First Grade Reading Masterclass
GET YOUR KIDS TO FALL IN LOVE WITH READING WITH THIS FUN AND EDUCATIONAL BOOK TODAY!Get Your Kids Excited About Reading And Help Them Learn About Feelings, School, Family, and Simple Life Principles That Will Get Them Through Their First Grades With Ease. This Book Also Includes 50 Insightful and Enlightening Poems To Broaden Their Knowledge And Help Them Become Better Children.In This Book Your Kids Will Learn: About Ricky ResponsibilityHow Felicia Spends Time With FamilyAbout How Carly Learns To CommunicateHow Hannah Learns About Hard WorkHow Chester Gains His Confidence!About Lester and LoveHow Sean Gets SickHow Melissa Makes A New FriendHow Austin Cares For AnimalsHow Chelsea Discovers ConsistencyHow Barney Becomes BraveTo Recognise Sounds: Alphabets, Cosonants, Vowels, Phonemes, RhymesBonusPoems About Good FeelingsWhat It Means To Be Happy, Excited, Calm, SurprisedPoems About The PlaygroundWhat It Means To Have Friends, How To Make New Friends, Talk Time, Saying GoodbyeEducational Poems About FriendshipPoems that Address Negative Feelings Such As Anxiety, Embarrassment, Shyness, Stress, JealousyPoems That Teach Them About ParentsFun Poems Addressing Siblings: Brothers, SistersMore Insightful Poems About Feelings: Anger, Frustration, Sadness, Fear, Being Grumpy, School Poems: First Day, Teachers, Carpet Time, Class Time, Simple Poems About Food: Salads, Candy, Fruits, SnacksResponsible Poems That Teaches Sharing and CaringSharing Poems, Taking Turns, Giving, Helping, and CaringAnd Many Many More!!!Pick up your copy of the book right now by clicking the BUY NOW button at the top of this page!
!b繳scalo! (Look It Up!)
A novel approach--very useful for quick reference.--Mark Goldin Associate Professor of Spanish, George Mason University ""Very user-friendly and easy-to-find information. Alphabetical order is an innovation in comparison to other grammar guides on the market. I would recommend this guide to students of all levels.""--Keith Mason, Spanish instructor, New Providence High School. ""The explanations are to be praised for their clarity.""--Judith Nemethy, Director of Spanish Language Studies, New York University !Buscalo! (Look It Up!) gives you remarkably quick, concise, and reliable answers to common problems of grammar and usage. Unlike most guides to Spanish grammar, !Buscalo!'s easy-to-use alphabetical format allows you to go directly to the entry that addresses your specific question. Over 500 entries cover everything from meaning, use, and grammar to precision, punctuation, and sentence structure. Cross-referenced in English and Spanish, with a helpful pronunciation guide and explanations of grammatical terms, !Buscalo! is a unique one-stop reference that is perfect for both casual and serious students.
Tono-Types and Tone Evolution
This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the "multiple-register and four-level" tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.
Die Phonetik Von ?h Und ?hm
In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird untersucht, welche akustischen Eigenschaften F羹llpartikeln wie 瓣h und 瓣hm in spontansprachlichen Dialogen des Deutschen zeigen und welche linguistischen Kontexte dabei auf welche Weise ihre akustische Form beeinflussen. Malte Belz betrachtet hierf羹r die phonetischen Parameter Dauer, Tonh繹he, Vokalqualit瓣t sowie Phonationsmodus und analysiert den Einfluss dreier granular verschiedener Kontextebenen auf die Form: die Mikroebene enth瓣lt Annotationen der adjazenten Laut- oder Pausenumgebung, die Mesoebene erfasst Intonationsphrasen und auf der Makroebene sind dialogstrukturelle Einheiten wie Fragen oder Antworten annotiert.Der Intonationsphrasenkontext 羹bt den deutlichsten Effekt auf F羹llpartikeln aus - so ist am Phrasenanfang ihr Vokal offener, w瓣hrend am Phrasenende ihre Dauer l瓣nger und ihre Tonh繹he tiefer ist. Dieses Ergebnis wird komplementiert durch Effekte auf der Mikroebene, w瓣hrend der Einfluss der Dialogstruktur inkonsistentbleibt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt damit, dass die Realisierung von F羹llpartikeln - wie andere W繹rter auch - allgemeinen prosodischen Prinzipien folgt.
Patrimonio Filol籀gico: Contribuciones Y Nuevas Perspectivas
Este libro, con sus propuestas filol籀gicas sobre el patrimonio ling羹穩stico y literario de la sociedad, ofrece horizontes nuevos para entender nuestro legado cultural. Los propuestas para conservar las formas de expresi籀n de los pueblos y poner en valor los documentos literarios a entender manifestaciones etnol籀gicas, sociales y art穩sticas.
New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style
In recent years, the Cognitive Grammar account of language and mind has become an influential framework for the study of textual meaning and interpretation. This book is the first to bring together applications of Cognitive Grammar for a range of stylistic purposes, including the analysis of both literary and non-literary discourse. Demonstrating the diverse range of uses for Cognitive Grammar, chapters apply this framework to diverse text-types including poetry, narrative fiction, comics, press reports, political discourse and music, as well as exploring its potential for the teaching of language and literature in a range of contexts. Combining cutting-edge research in cognitive, critical and pedagogical stylistics, New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style showcases the latest developments in this field and offers new insights into our experiences of literary and non-literary texts by drawing on current understandings of language and cognition.
A First Book In Old English; Grammar, Reader, Notes, And Vocabulary
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
English Grammar Exercises
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Smuggling in Syntax
One of the fundamental properties of human language is movement, where a constituent moves from one position in a sentence to another position. Syntactic theory has long been concerned with properties of movement, including locality restrictions. Smuggling in Syntax investigates how different movement operations interact with one another, focusing on the special case of smuggling. First introduced by volume editor Chris Collins in 2005, the term 'smuggling' refers to a specific type of movement interaction. The contributions in this volume each describe different areas where smuggling derivations play a role, including passives, causatives, adverb placement, the dative alternation, the placement of measure phrases, wh-in-situ, and word order in ergative languages. The volume also addresses issues like the freezing constraint on movement and the acquisition of smuggling derivations by children. In this work, Adriana Belletti and Chris Collins bring together leading syntacticians to present a range of contributions on different aspects of smuggling. Tackling fundamental theoretical questions with empirical consequences, this volume explores one of the least understood types of movement and points the way toward new research.
Who?
Questions that ask whether or not some statement is true are called yes-no questions (or polar questions, or general questions), since they can in principle be answered by a "yes" or "no" (or similar words or expressions in other languages). Examples include "Do you take sugar?", "Should they be believed?" and "Am I the loneliest person in the world?" A type of question that is similar in form to a yes-no question, but is not intended to be answered with a "yes" or "no", is the alternative question (or choice question). This presents two or more alternative answers, as in "Do you want fish or lamb?", or "Are you supporting England, Ireland or Wales?" The expected response is one of the alternatives, or some other indication such as "both" or "neither" (questionnaire forms sometimes contain an option "none of the above" or similar for such questions). Because of their similarity in form to yes-no questions, they may sometimes be answered "yes" or "no", possibly humorously or as a result of misunderstanding.
