Punctuation
Grammar consists of many things, and one of the more important is punctuation. It is like the Rosetta Stone, providing the key to how writers want a reader to interpret what they wrote. Punctuation is even present when we speak. A slight pause is similar to a comma, a longer pause akin to a semicolon, and a stop equals a period. Question marks and exclamation points can be heard in the cadence of a person's speech pattern and where the emphasis is placed and on which words.Almost all punctuation marks are represented in everyday speech and therein lies the key to great dialogue-knowing how to use punctuation correctly with dialogue.There are some writers who are masters at it. Elmore Leonard was one of the best. Read his books, or listen to a few of the movies made from his books, and you'll see a genius's work.This book explains how to use punctuation in an easy-to-grasp manner.
The Study of Word Stress and Accent
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions for ongoing research.
English-Medium Instruction and Pronunciation
This book offers new insights into the language gains of adult learners enrolled in an English-medium instruction degree programme. It provides longitudinal evidence of the phonological gains of the learners and investigates whether increased exposure to the target language leads to incidental learning of second language pronunciation.
The Syntax of V-V Resultatives in Mandarin Chinese
Chapter 1: Introduction 1 The empirical domain and basic research questions 2 Arguments and proposals: Preview 2.1 The generation of V-V resultative compounds 2.2 The syntactic structure of V-V resultatives 2.3 The alternation properties of V-V resultatives 3 Theoretical assumptions 4 Outline of the dissertationChapter 2: The generation of resultative V-V compounds 1 Introduction 2 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to word formation 2.1 The lexicalist approach 2.2 Word formation in Distributed Morphology: A syntactic approach 3 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis for the formation of complex words 3.1 The inner vs. outer domain hypothesis 3.2 The crosslinguistic application of the two-domain hypothesis 4 A lexicalist analysis: Y. Li (2005) 5 Generation of resultative and parallel V-V compounds in Mandarin 5.1 Resultative vs. parallel V-V compounds 5.1.1 Parallel V-V compounds 5.1.2 Contrasting properties of resultative and parallel V-V compounds 5.2 An analysis under the two-domain hypothesis 5.2.1 Semantics: Compositionality vs. idiosyncrasy 5.2.2 Nominalizations 5.2.3 Free vs. bound component morphemes 5.2.4 Productivity vs. semi-productivity 5.2.5 Adverbial modification 6 ConclusionChapter 3: The syntactic structure of Mandarin V-V resultatives: An event-mapping approach 1 Introduction 2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.1 Lexicalist vs. syntactic approaches to argument structure 2.1.1 The lexicalist approach 2.1.2 The syntactic approach: The autonomy of syntactic structure 2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.1 Event-structure decomposition of verbal semantics 2.2.2 The event-mapping approach to argument structure 2.2.2.1 Travis (2010) and Ramchand (2008) 2.2.2.2&nbs
The Compositional Nature of Tense, Mood and Aspect: Volume 167
Bringing together fifty years' worth of cross-linguistic research, this pioneering monograph explores the complex interaction between tense, mood and aspect. It looks at the long way of combining elementary semantic units at the bottom of phrase structure up to and including the top of a sentence. Rejecting ternary tense as blocking compositionality, it introduces three levels obtained by binary tense oppositions. It also counters an outdated view on motion by assuming that change is not expressed as having an inherent goal but rather as dynamic interaction between different number systems that allows us to package information into countable and continuous units. It formally identifies the central role of a verb in a variety of argument structures and integrates adverbial modifiers into the compositional structure at different tense levels of phrase structure. This unique contribution to the field will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers in the syntax-semantics interface.
Gram獺tica Visual
In contemporary life, all of us are voracious consumers and emitters of visual messages. While we encounter a huge amount of graphic information, it's impossible to have a dialogue that's authentic, critical, and productive without basic knowledge of the elements of visual language. This practical guide takes the form of a brief treatise on visual grammar clearly defines the basic elements of visual language as well as their processes and relationships. En la vida contempor獺nea todos somos voraces consumidores y emisores de mensajes visuales. Diariamente nos enfrentamos a una gran cantidad de informaci籀n gr獺fica, aunque sin un conocimiento b獺sico de los elementos del lenguaje visual es imposible alcanzar un aut矇ntico di獺logo que resulte cr穩tico y productivo. Este libro es un peque簽o tratado de gram獺tica visual que define de forma sencilla y totalmente gr獺fica los elementos b獺sicos del lenguaje visual y sus procesos y relaciones. A medio camino entre tratado gramatical y diccionario visual, funciona como una practiqu穩sima herramienta y gu穩a de consulta para descodificar y producir mensajes visuales. El punto de partida id籀neo para iniciarse en la alfabetizaci籀n gr獺fica.
Der Konjunktivgebrauch Im Spanischen Und Russischen
Der Modus Konjunktiv ist einer der wichtigsten und komplexesten Modi vieler Weltsprachen. In dieser Publikation werden zwei nicht eng verwandte Sprachen einander kontrastiv gegen羹bergestellt und miteinander verglichen - das Spanische und das Russische. Prim瓣r ist das Ziel herauszufinden, ob sich die beiden untersuchten Sprachen im Konjunktivgebrauch 瓣hneln, wenngleich sie verschiedenen Sprachst瓣mmen angeh繹ren. Es wird untersucht welche Differenzen und ?bereinstimmungen sie aufweisen. Die kontrastive Analyse des Konjunktivgebrauchs erfolgt anhand von Beispiels瓣tzen aus dem Buch des kolumbianischen Schriftstellers Gabriel Garc穩a M獺rquez El amor en los tiempos del c籀lera sowie des russischen Schriftstellers Boris Akunin Azazel' (und der entsprechenden russischen und spanischen ?bersetzung).
Punctuation Without Tears
'A powerful little book: sure-footed, simple, feisty, funny, and profoundly helpful'' Five Stars (The Independent)Punctuate with confidence the easy way! A quick, funny, illustrated guide to all the punctuation you'll ever need to know. Whether you want to master punctuation for school, university, creative writing, journalism, business or anything else, this zany little book abandons complex rules and offers simple guidance for British and US English.In an easy and engaging style suitable for all ages, this short guide goes through all the common punctuation marks, explaining how to use each one, and showing how to avoid some of the commonest errors.Using funny, memorable examples, it allows you quickly to master all the common punctuation marks: periods (full stops), commas, colons, semicolons, exclamation marks, question marks, dashes, hyphens, apostrophes, quotation marks, brackets, and ellipses. It also has sections on how to handle two punctuation marks next to each other, numbers, -ize and -ise, and a wealth of other style advice. Many of the chapters are brought to life with whacky illustrations.- British and US English - No technical jargon - Clear examplesThis book is for: - Writers (fiction and non-fiction) - Schools and colleges - Business - All ages'I wish every one of my students would read this!' Professor of Physics, Oxford University'What a wonderful book!' Director, Author School'A magical manual!' Editor, Leading UK newspaper'Made me laugh and cheer' Award-winning TV producerDominic Selwood is a journalist and bestselling author. Delia Johnson is a book illustrator.
The Scope of Lexical Rules
No detailed description available for "The scope of lexical rules".
Transitivity
No detailed description available for "Transitivity".
First Grade Reading Masterclass
GET YOUR KIDS TO FALL IN LOVE WITH READING WITH THIS FUN AND EDUCATIONAL BOOK TODAY!Get Your Kids Excited About Reading And Help Them Learn About Feelings, School, Family, and Simple Life Principles That Will Get Them Through Their First Grades With Ease. This Book Also Includes 50 Insightful and Enlightening Poems To Broaden Their Knowledge And Help Them Become Better Children.In This Book Your Kids Will Learn: About Ricky ResponsibilityHow Felicia Spends Time With FamilyAbout How Carly Learns To CommunicateHow Hannah Learns About Hard WorkHow Chester Gains His Confidence!About Lester and LoveHow Sean Gets SickHow Melissa Makes A New FriendHow Austin Cares For AnimalsHow Chelsea Discovers ConsistencyHow Barney Becomes BraveTo Recognise Sounds: Alphabets, Cosonants, Vowels, Phonemes, RhymesBonusPoems About Good FeelingsWhat It Means To Be Happy, Excited, Calm, SurprisedPoems About The PlaygroundWhat It Means To Have Friends, How To Make New Friends, Talk Time, Saying GoodbyeEducational Poems About FriendshipPoems that Address Negative Feelings Such As Anxiety, Embarrassment, Shyness, Stress, JealousyPoems That Teach Them About ParentsFun Poems Addressing Siblings: Brothers, SistersMore Insightful Poems About Feelings: Anger, Frustration, Sadness, Fear, Being Grumpy, School Poems: First Day, Teachers, Carpet Time, Class Time, Simple Poems About Food: Salads, Candy, Fruits, SnacksResponsible Poems That Teaches Sharing and CaringSharing Poems, Taking Turns, Giving, Helping, and CaringAnd Many Many More!!!Pick up your copy of the book right now by clicking the BUY NOW button at the top of this page!
!b繳scalo! (Look It Up!)
A novel approach--very useful for quick reference.--Mark Goldin Associate Professor of Spanish, George Mason University ""Very user-friendly and easy-to-find information. Alphabetical order is an innovation in comparison to other grammar guides on the market. I would recommend this guide to students of all levels.""--Keith Mason, Spanish instructor, New Providence High School. ""The explanations are to be praised for their clarity.""--Judith Nemethy, Director of Spanish Language Studies, New York University !Buscalo! (Look It Up!) gives you remarkably quick, concise, and reliable answers to common problems of grammar and usage. Unlike most guides to Spanish grammar, !Buscalo!'s easy-to-use alphabetical format allows you to go directly to the entry that addresses your specific question. Over 500 entries cover everything from meaning, use, and grammar to precision, punctuation, and sentence structure. Cross-referenced in English and Spanish, with a helpful pronunciation guide and explanations of grammatical terms, !Buscalo! is a unique one-stop reference that is perfect for both casual and serious students.
Tono-Types and Tone Evolution
This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the "multiple-register and four-level" tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.
Die Phonetik Von ?h Und ?hm
In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird untersucht, welche akustischen Eigenschaften F羹llpartikeln wie 瓣h und 瓣hm in spontansprachlichen Dialogen des Deutschen zeigen und welche linguistischen Kontexte dabei auf welche Weise ihre akustische Form beeinflussen. Malte Belz betrachtet hierf羹r die phonetischen Parameter Dauer, Tonh繹he, Vokalqualit瓣t sowie Phonationsmodus und analysiert den Einfluss dreier granular verschiedener Kontextebenen auf die Form: die Mikroebene enth瓣lt Annotationen der adjazenten Laut- oder Pausenumgebung, die Mesoebene erfasst Intonationsphrasen und auf der Makroebene sind dialogstrukturelle Einheiten wie Fragen oder Antworten annotiert.Der Intonationsphrasenkontext 羹bt den deutlichsten Effekt auf F羹llpartikeln aus - so ist am Phrasenanfang ihr Vokal offener, w瓣hrend am Phrasenende ihre Dauer l瓣nger und ihre Tonh繹he tiefer ist. Dieses Ergebnis wird komplementiert durch Effekte auf der Mikroebene, w瓣hrend der Einfluss der Dialogstruktur inkonsistentbleibt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt damit, dass die Realisierung von F羹llpartikeln - wie andere W繹rter auch - allgemeinen prosodischen Prinzipien folgt.
Patrimonio Filol籀gico: Contribuciones Y Nuevas Perspectivas
El volumen subraya la importancia de la filolog穩a como instrumento de salvaguarda y recuperaci籀n del patrimonio cultural ling羹穩stico y literario. Consta de 18 cap穩tulos distribuidos en cuatro secciones, en los que, tras unas reflexiones te籀ricas sobre el concepto de patrimonio literario actual, autores de distintas 獺reas filol籀gicas de la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad de M獺laga abren nuevas perspectivas de estudio para la conservaci籀n y difusi籀n del patrimonio ling羹穩stico y una mejor comprensi籀n de la historia y la sociedad de las culturas reflejadas en el patrimonio literario de Europa. Se cierra la obra con tres estudios que demuestran c籀mo adem獺s los textos literarios, mediante el an獺lisis filol籀gico que acent繳a su valor testimonial de 矇pocas pasadas, son documentos indispensables para un mejor conocimiento del patrimonio etnol籀gico, social y art穩stico transmitido o condicionado por ellos.
New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style
In recent years, the Cognitive Grammar account of language and mind has become an influential framework for the study of textual meaning and interpretation. This book is the first to bring together applications of Cognitive Grammar for a range of stylistic purposes, including the analysis of both literary and non-literary discourse. Demonstrating the diverse range of uses for Cognitive Grammar, chapters apply this framework to diverse text-types including poetry, narrative fiction, comics, press reports, political discourse and music, as well as exploring its potential for the teaching of language and literature in a range of contexts. Combining cutting-edge research in cognitive, critical and pedagogical stylistics, New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Styleshowcases the latest developments in this field and offers new insights into our experiences of literary and non-literary texts by drawing on current understandings of language and cognition.
A First Book In Old English; Grammar, Reader, Notes, And Vocabulary
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
English Grammar Exercises
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Smuggling in Syntax
One of the fundamental properties of human language is movement, where a constituent moves from one position in a sentence to another position. Syntactic theory has long been concerned with properties of movement, including locality restrictions. Smuggling in Syntax investigates how different movement operations interact with one another, focusing on the special case of smuggling. First introduced by volume editor Chris Collins in 2005, the term 'smuggling' refers to a specific type of movement interaction. The contributions in this volume each describe different areas where smuggling derivations play a role, including passives, causatives, adverb placement, the dative alternation, the placement of measure phrases, wh-in-situ, and word order in ergative languages. The volume also addresses issues like the freezing constraint on movement and the acquisition of smuggling derivations by children. In this work, Adriana Belletti and Chris Collins bring together leading syntacticians to present a range of contributions on different aspects of smuggling. Tackling fundamental theoretical questions with empirical consequences, this volume explores one of the least understood types of movement and points the way toward new research.
Who?
Questions that ask whether or not some statement is true are called yes-no questions (or polar questions, or general questions), since they can in principle be answered by a "yes" or "no" (or similar words or expressions in other languages). Examples include "Do you take sugar?", "Should they be believed?" and "Am I the loneliest person in the world?" A type of question that is similar in form to a yes-no question, but is not intended to be answered with a "yes" or "no", is the alternative question (or choice question). This presents two or more alternative answers, as in "Do you want fish or lamb?", or "Are you supporting England, Ireland or Wales?" The expected response is one of the alternatives, or some other indication such as "both" or "neither" (questionnaire forms sometimes contain an option "none of the above" or similar for such questions). Because of their similarity in form to yes-no questions, they may sometimes be answered "yes" or "no", possibly humorously or as a result of misunderstanding.
Grammar for a Full Life
Why settle for a normal book on grammar when you could learn new things about it and become your own best self at the same time? If you're looking for a traditional manual of rules, this much-acclaimed, groundbreaking book by a cofounder of Harvard University's Writing Center may not be the one for you. Grammar is about much more than rules: it's about choices, too-since a thought can always be expressed correctly in multiple ways.In Grammar for a Full Life, author Lawrence Weinstein reveals how our grammatical choices either stifle or boost our... sense of agency in lifecreativitydepth of connection to othersand mindfulness.Weinstein shows that certain tweaks to a person's grammar can bring consequential changes in his or her fulfillment and well-being. In this wonderfully readable book, he describes some forty transformative moves that can be made with English punctuation and syntax. In the book, you'll learn, for instance, why a greater use of active voice constructions builds assertive energy in us. You'll discover how-paradoxically-cutting back on the "intensifiers" (exclamation marks and words like really, absolutely) heightens our awareness of the world.There is not too much about personality and life that Weinstein doesn't see benefitting from a wiser use of grammar. In a chapter titled "Bonding," even sex comes in for some grammatical attention. Even fear of death receives its own, almost lyrical chapter near book's end.The farther one gets into this remarkable book, the clearer it becomes that Weinstein's wish-for both himself and us-is actualization of "the whole person," through language. No reader should be intimidated by Weinstein's university credentials. As important a book as his is, it's conversational throughout-and it's packed with numerous compelling, clear examples. You will never think of commas or possessive pronouns in the same way again. Your regard for the conjunction "but" is likely to soar. Praise for Grammar for a Full Life has been coming in from thought leaders of all kinds, ranging from well-known authors on language, such as Anne Fadiman, Lynne Truss, and Richard Lederer, to influential spiritual thinkers, like Rabbi Lawrence Kushner. Cornel West calls it "brilliant and original." Pioneer in mind-body studies Joan Borysenko writes, "If you read just one book this year, let this be the one." [PLEASE NOTE: Grammar for a Full Life is not a book intended for the person new to the English language. It assumes familiarity with many of the basics of English.]
A Grammar Of Late Modern English; For The Use Of Continental, Especially Dutch, Students (Part Ii) The Parts Of Speech, Section I, B Pronouns And Numerals.
This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
English Transcription Course
This is a new workbook designed to aid the learning and practice of transcribing the English language phonetically. It offers an accessible, comprehensive guide to the most important features of connected speech, allowing the students to gain a better understanding of how the English language is pronounced.
Anti-Contiguity
A recent wave of research has explored the link between wh- syntax and prosody, breaking with the traditional generative conception of a unidirectional syntax-phonology relationship. In this book, Jason Kandybowicz develops Anti-contiguity Theory as a compelling alternative to Richards' Contiguity Theory to explain the interaction between the distribution of interrogative expressions and the prosodic system of a language. Through original and highly detailed fieldwork on several under-studied West African languages (Krachi, Bono, Wasa, Asante Twi, and Nupe), Kandybowicz presents empirically and theoretically rich analyses bearing directly on a number of important theories of the syntax-prosody interface. His observations and analyses stem from original fieldwork on all five languages and represent some of the first prosodic descriptions of the languages. The book also considers data from thirteen additional typologically diverse languages to demonstrate the theory's reach and extendibility. Against the backdrop of data from eighteen languages, Anti-contiguity offers a new lens on the empirical and theoretical study of wh- prosody.
Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation
The Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation offers accessible and coherent explanations across a broad range of topics, and is an excellent first port of call for any reader seeking clear, authoritative help with grammar and punctuation. Incorporating hundreds of examples of real usage taken from the Oxford English Corpus, this handy volume contains more than 300 alphabetically-arranged entries, including standard grammatical terms such as active voice, conjunction, pronoun, synonym, and transitive verb. It also discusses related questions of usage, including how to distinguish between 'may or might', 'that or which', and 'it's or its'. Over 30 feature entries on major headwords like adverb, clause, and spelling include diagrams listing related terms. The A-Z has been fully revised and updated, and the structure and approach has been revisited to improve its accessibility, including clearer typographical conventions, and the reintroduction of the easy-to-use two-colour format found in early editions. Major headwords have been made (where possible) shorter and easier to navigate, and all sample sentences have been revised, replacing those that are out of date and adding new ones where needed. Readers of all levels will find this volume to be an essential tool for writing at home, in the office, at school, and at college.
Spanish Short Stories for Beginners
Now it's time to through away your boring grammar books for a little while!Reading to short stories can be a funny way of learning a language.By reading a story in a foreign language, you are interacting with this language, expanding your vocabulary and improving your comprehension at the same time.Inside this book, you will find: 12 easy-to-read short and funny stories in Spanish to help you get started;many tips that you can use around your home, office, or while traveling to start learning Spanish the best way without a teacher;a chapter dedicated to verb conjugations in the Spanish language, in addition to the stories.an overview that will teach you how Spanish sentences are structured so that you will be able to understand the types of words without knowing the actual words;over 900 defined words to learn with a pronunciation guide, along with English translations, which make the exercises more fun and easy to learn.English translations of the stories that you can follow along if you get lost.Take the shortcut to learn Spanish easily and having fun, scroll up and click the BUY NOW button.
Spanish Language For Beginners
Eager To Learn The Spanish Language But Don't Want To Spend Time And Money Attending Courses? Then Get Ready To Make Friends With This Spanish Language Tool And Quickly Learn The Fundamentals!Buenos dias, muchachos - and that's it! If these are some of the few words and phrases you know in Spanish, you should consider yourself Advanced, especially if know you know how to spell them correctly...Jokes aside, whether you are planning any business travels or just a simple vacation to a Spanish-speaking country, we both know that you will feel more confident and at ease if you knew something more than solely greeting people in their local language, or ordering a cup of coffee...But participating in courses or hiring a private teacher is a time-, effort-, and money-consuming activity for which not everyone can dedicate their resources to...And that's totally okay.For this reason...Here's Where This Self-Study Spanish Speaking Manual Comes Into Place! It Will Provide You With A Smattering General Of The Language By Allowing You To Move Forward At Your Own Pace, Practice, And Evaluate Your Progress; And The Fact That It Also Comes With An Audio Version Is Going To Help You Big Time With Having Your Pronunciation Right On Point!By going through This Student's Book, you will: - Find An Effective Study Plan that consists of mixing different types of study (to get the most of the learning material)- Get An Understanding of How Sentence Structure Works and convert any thought into a grammatically correct speech (both spoken or in writing)- Complete Creative Exercises that will help you memorize what you've already learned (thus improving your language skills)- Practice Grammar, Vocabulary, Syntax, and Pronunciation in a sensibly ordered way (just as a standard teacher would do)- Unlock 100 Simple Phrases to start feeling more like a local (and consequently boost your confidence and self-esteem when being out there)- And So Many Other Useful Insights!Achieving the desired progress might take some time, but...As we all know, Rome was not built in a single day and only practice makes perfect. But should you decide to take the alternative way of learning, You Can Turn This Spanish Language Guide Into Your Own Private Teacher That Will Empower You To Catch On To The Vocabulary and Pronunciation Fundamentals In Little To No Time!Can't Wait To Start...?... Order Your Copy, Do The Studying, And Let The Siesta Begin!
Order and Structure in Syntax II
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax I
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax II
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Order and Structure in Syntax I
This book reconsiders the role of order and structure in syntax, focusing on fundamental issues such as word order and grammatical functions. The first group of papers in the collection asks what word order can tell us about syntactic structure, using evidence from V2, object shift, word order gaps and different kinds of movement. The second group of papers all address the issue of subjecthood in some way, and examine how certain subject properties vary across languages: expression of subjects, expletive subjects, quirky and locative subjects. All of the papers address in some way the tension between modelling what can vary across languages whilst improving our understanding of what might be universal to human language. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Speech Production and Perception
Learning and memory processes are basic features of human existence. They allow us to (un)consciously adapt to changes in our social and physical environment in a variety of ways and may have been a precursor for survival in human evolution. Through several reviews and original work the book focuses on three key topics that enhanced our understanding of the topic in the last twenty years: first, the role of real-time auditory feedback in learning, second, the role of motor aspects for learning and memory, and third, representations in memory and the role of sleep on memory consolidation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios
The volume contains a selection of papers originally presented at the symposium on "Areal patterns of grammaticalization and cross-linguistic variation in grammaticalization scenarios" held on 12-14 March 2015 at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. The papers, written by leading scholars combining expertise in historical linguistics and grammaticalization research, study variation in grammaticalization scenarios in a variety of language families (Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Bantu, Mande, "Khoisan", Siouan, and Mayan). The volume stands out in the vast literature on grammaticalization by focusing on variation in grammaticalization scenarios and areal patterns in grammaticalization. Apart from documenting new grammaticalization paths, the volume makes a methodological contribution as it addresses an important question of how to reconcile universal outcomes of grammaticalization processes with the fact that the input to these processes is language-specific and construction-specific. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Speech Production and Perception
Learning and memory processes are basic features of human existence. They allow us to (un)consciously adapt to changes in our social and physical environment in a variety of ways and may have been a precursor for survival in human evolution. Through several reviews and original work the book focuses on three key topics that enhanced our understanding of the topic in the last twenty years: first, the role of real-time auditory feedback in learning, second, the role of motor aspects for learning and memory, and third, representations in memory and the role of sleep on memory consolidation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Phonologie
Das Studienbuch stellt auf hohem und doch allgemeinverst瓣ndlichem Niveau moderne Theorien der Phonologie dar. Es richtet sich haupts瓣chlich an Studierende der allgemeinen und germanistischen Linguistik im Grund- und Hauptstudium, eignet sich aber auch f羹r das Selbststudium. Die elf Kapitel widmen sich jeweils einem Bereich der Phonologie; z. B. den phonetischen Grundlagen, distinktiven Merkmalen, der autosegmentalen Phonologie, Silbenphonologie, prosodischen Phonologie und der Optimalit瓣tstheorie. Jedes Kapitel enth瓣lt zur Vertiefung eine Reihe von Aufgaben.
Einf羹hrung in Die Phonetik
Keine ausf羹hrliche Beschreibung f羹r "Einf羹hrung in die Phonetik" verf羹gbar.
Einf羹hrung in die Phonetik
Dieses Studienbuch ist eine grundlegende Einf羹hrung in das Fach Phonetik als Teildisziplin der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft. Alle Bereiche der Phonetik werden eingehend dargestellt (Phonation, Artikulation, Akustik, Perzeption usw.) und es wird eine kurze Geschichte des Faches geboten. Leitlinie der Einf羹hrung ist das Anliegen, die bei der lautsprachlichen Kommunikation beobachtbaren phonetischen Ph瓣nomene und die mit ihnen verbundenen Vorg瓣nge in der physikalischen Welt als Nutzung unserer biologischen Ausstattung zu kommunikativen Zwecken darzustellen. Besonderes Gewicht wird im ersten Teil auf das Zusammenspiel von artikulatorischen, akustischen und auditiven Ph瓣nomenen gelegt. Der zweite symbolphonetische Teil behandelt die linguistische Phonetik unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Verwendung dieser Ph瓣nomene in Form einzelsprachlicher Lautsysteme und suprasegmentaler Systeme. Die in der Lehre bestens etablierte Standardeinf羹hrung ist besonders auch f羹r Einsteiger geeignet und zeichnet sich durch zahlreiche didaktische Schemata und Abbildungen aus. Sie liegt jetzt in einer zweiten, verbesserten und erg瓣nzten Auflage vor. Die zweite, der neuen Orthographie angepasste Auflage wurde typographisch und inhaltlich sorgf瓣ltig 羹berarbeitet und um kleinere Abschnitte, insbesondere zum praktischen experimentalphonetischen Arbeiten, erg瓣nzt.
The Elements of Style
The Elements of Style is an American English writing style guide in numerous editions. The original was composed by William Strunk Jr. in 1918, and published by Harcourt in 1920, comprising eight "elementary rules of usage", ten "elementary principles of composition", "a few matters of form", a list of 49 "words and expressions commonly misused", and a list of 57 "words often misspelled". E. B. White greatly enlarged and revised the book for publication by Macmillan in 1959. That was the first edition of the so-called Strunk & White, which Time named in 2011 as one of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923.
Gemination, Lenition, and Vowel Lengthening
The processes of gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are central to the study of phonology, as they reveal much about the treatment of quantity in a given language. Using data from older language stages, modern dialects and standard languages, this study examines the interdependence of vowel and consonant quantity in the history of the Germanic branch of Indo-European. Kurt Goblirsch focusses on the various geminations in Old Germanic languages (West Germanic gemination, glide strengthening, and expressive gemination), open syllable lengthening in German, Dutch, Frisian, English, and Scandinavian languages, and the major lenitions in High German, Low German, and Danish, as well as minor lenitions in Bavarian, Franconian, and Frisian dialects. All of these changes are related to the development of the Germanic languages from distinctive segmental length to complementary length to syllable cut. The discussion challenges traditional theoretical assumptions about quantity change in Germanic languages to argue for a new account whereby, gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are interrelated.
Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland
Warren Maguire examines Mid-Ulster English as a key case of new dialect formation, considering the roles of language shift and dialect contact in its phonological development. He explores the different processes which led to the development of MUE through contact between dialects of English, Scots and Irish and examines the history of a wide range of consonantal and vocalic features. In addition to determining the phonological origins of MUE, Maguire shows us why the dialect developed in the way that it did and considers what the phonology of the dialect can tell us about the nature of contact between the input language varieties. In doing so, he demonstrates the kinds of analysis and techniques that can be used to explain the development of extra-territorial varieties of English and colonial dialects in complex situations of contact, and shows that Irish English provides a useful testing-ground for models of new dialect formation.As one of the oldest 'new' extra-territorial varieties of English, one which developed in a context of language and dialect contact, MUE provides an excellent opportunity to study how new dialects develop in situations of settlement colonisation.
Grammatica del Womeze in Italiano
La grammatica della futura lingua dell'umanit? il Womeze, una lingua paritarista fra i 2 sessi e i popoli. Una lingua che si pu簷 scrivere gi? in 7 alfabeti e che 癡 foneticamente e morfologicamente trasparente. Traendo il meglio dall'Esperanto, riuscir? laddove il bell'idioma di Zamenhof ha finora fallito: unire i popoli, pacificare le genti, ma non nel nome di una generica "forza", ma nel nome di Maria e di di Ges羅 Cristo. Il Womeze, infatti, si inserisce all'interno dei grandi progetti idealisti e federal-pacifisti ("Mondo Futuro Mariano" e "Mondo Futuro Cristiano") del Guglielmino, pensatore cattolico siciliano. Edizione definitiva, la 4.6 del 24 Luglio 2022, il "Due-Womeze-Tage" (il "Secondo Giorno del Womeze")!
Deriving Syntactic Relations
A pioneering new approach to a long-debated topic at the heart of syntax: what are the primitive concepts and operations of syntax? This book argues, appealing in part to the logic of Chomsky's Minimalist Program, that the primitive operations of syntax form relations between words rather than combining words to form constituents. Just three basic relations, definable in terms of inherent selection properties of words, are required in natural language syntax: projection, argument selection, and modification. In the radically simplified account of generative grammar Bowers proposes there are just two interface levels, which interact with our conceptual and sensory systems, and a lexicon from which an infinite number of sentences can be constructed. The theory also provides a natural interpretation of phase theory, enabling a better formulation of many island constraints, as well as providing the basis for a unified approach to ellipsis phenomena.
Recursion Across Domains
Recursion and self-embedding are at the heart of our ability to formulate our thoughts, articulate our imagination and share with other human beings. Nonetheless, controversy exists over the extent to which recursion is shared across all domains of syntax. A collection of 18 studies are presented here on the central linguistic property of recursion, examining a range of constructions in over a dozen languages representing great areal, typological and genetic diversity and spanning wide latitudes. The volume expands the topic to include prepositional phrases, possessives, adjectives, and relative clauses - our many vehicles to express creative thought - to provide a critical perspective on claims about how recursion connects to broader aspects of the mind. Parallel explorations across language families, literate and non-literate societies, children and adults are investigated and constitutes a new step in the generative tradition by simultaneously focusing on formal theory, acquisition and experimentation, and ecologically-sensitive fieldwork, and initiates a new community where these diverse experts collaborate.
English Compounds and Their Spelling
Anyone writing texts in English is constantly faced with the unavoidable question whether to use open spelling (drinking fountain), hyphenation (far-off) or solid spelling (airport) for individual compounds. While some compounds commonly occur with alternative spellings, others show a very clear bias for one form. This book tests over 60 hypotheses and explores the patterns underlying the spelling of English compounds from a variety of perspectives. Based on a sample of 600 biconstituent compounds with identical spelling in all reference works in which they occur (200 each with open, hyphenated and solid spelling), this empirical study analyses large amounts of data from corpora and dictionaries and concludes that the spelling of English compounds is not chaotic but actually correlates with a large number of statistically significant variables. An easily applicable decision tree is derived from the data and an innovative multi-dimensional prototype model is suggested to account for the results.
Ideophones and the Evolution of Language
Ideophones have been recognized in modern linguistics at least since 1935, but they still lie far outside the concerns of mainstream (Western) linguistic debate, in part because they are most richly attested in relatively unstudied (often unwritten) languages. The evolution of language, on the other hand, has recently become a fashionable topic, but all speculations so far have been almost totally data-free. Without disputing the tenet that there are no primitive languages, this book argues that ideophones may be an atavistic throwback to an earlier stage of communication, where sounds and gestures were paired in what can justifiably be called a 'prelinguistic' fashion. The structure of ideophones may also provide answers to deeper questions, among them how communicative gestures may themselves have emerged from practical actions. Moreover, their current distribution and behaviour provide hints as to how they may have become conventional words in languages with conventional rules.
English Grammar F****** Sucks
English Grammar F****** Sucks An Tongue In Cheek Guide To Essential English A Fun & Interesting Way To Learn Basic English Grammar (and a few swear words) Learn About: Nouns Adjectives Determiners Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Going To For and Since Passive Voice Conditionals Modal Verbs Verb Tenses Tag Questions Questions Idioms Swear Words Slang Synonyms Antonyms
The Syntax of Arabic and French Code Switching in Morocco
This book posits a universal syntactic constraint (FPC) for code switching, using as its basis a study of different types of code-switching between French, Moroccan Arabic and Standard Arabic in a language contact situation. After presenting the theoretical background and linguistic context under study, the author closely examines examples of syntactic constraints in the language of functional bilinguals switching between French and forms of Arabic, proposing that this hypothesis can also be applied in other comparable language contact and translanguaging contexts worldwide. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of French, Arabic, theoretical linguistics, syntax and bilingualism.
Aktuelle Aspekte Der Dysphagiediagnostik Und Behandlung
Die Forschung zu Diagnostik und Behandlung von Dysphagien verschiedenster St繹rungsbilder bei Erwachsenen und Kindern hat in Deutschland in den letzten zwanzig Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Arbeitskreis Dysphagie Ostwestfalen-Lippe in Kooperation mit dem Studiengang der Klinischen Linguistik an der Universit瓣t Bielefeld befasst sich im Rahmen einer zweij瓣hrig stattfindenden Tagung speziell mit aktuellen Fragen dieser Thematik. Der vorliegende Band diskutiert aktuelle Forschungsfragen und Ergebnisse aus Diagnostik und Therapie.
