Smart Polymers
This book is different from other books on the subject in that it explores polymer materials' smart behavior in more depth, covering vibration damping, thermal and electrochemical energy, sensing at trace level, biotechnology, and so on.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in sports facilities
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a multifaceted approach to deterring criminal behavior through the strategic design and management of the built environment, with relevance in the context of sports facilities. By implementing CPTED principles in sports facilities, such as stadiums and arenas, several critical factors can be optimized to enhance security and safety. Key strategies include improving natural surveillance through strategic placement of lighting and unobstructed sightlines, which help ensure that all areas are visible to both staff and patrons, thereby reducing opportunities for illicit activities. Access control measures, such as secure entry and exit points, fencing, and controlled access areas, prevent unauthorized entry and manage crowd flow effectively, minimizing the risk of overcrowding and potential security breaches. Integrating these CPTED principles not only enhances the overall user experience by creating a safer environment but also increases the operational efficiency of the facility by reducing the need for extensive security personnel and surveillance equipment.
Consequences Due to Transmutation of Agriculture Land Using Gee
The transmutation of agricultural land to aquaculture represents a significant shift in land use patterns with far-reaching ecological consequences. Using advanced geospatial tools such as Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study delves into the multifaceted impacts of this transition on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Through a comprehensive analysis of satellite imagery, land cover classification, and spatial modeling techniques, we explore the alterations in land surface characteristics, water quality dynamics, and habitat fragmentation resulting from agriculture-to-aquaculture.The study focuses on several key ecological parameters, including land surface temperature, vegetation indices, water quality indicators, and landscape connectivity. By leveraging the vast archive of satellite data available through GEE, we track changes in these parameters over time and across spatial scales to elucidate the ecological consequences of land use transformation.Our findings reveal significant shifts in land surface temperature following the conversion of agricultural land to aquaculture.
European Strategic Autonomy and Small States' Security
This book analyses whether the EU's drift towards European strategic autonomy presents a challenge or a window of opportunity for its small member states to advance their security interests. The volume presents small states' perceptions of European strategic autonomy, highlighting their expectations and concerns. The chapters focus on the depth and breadth of European strategic autonomy, national security considerations, assessment of the impact on transatlantic relations, the expected outputs, and its potential impact on the EU's institutional structure. It also shows how systemic circumstances and the interests of powerful states, either belonging to the EU (France, Germany, and Poland) or having a significant say in European security architecture (the US), establish opportunities and constraints for the small states to shape European strategic autonomy. In particular, the study focuses on the diverging interests of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, and the Netherlands. It demonstrates that, in most cases, European strategic autonomy is perceived not as an alternative to NATO but as a supplementary element that could facilitate the development of national military capabilities, indigenous defence industries and resilience to non-military threats. Ultimately, the book suggests that national approaches towards European strategic autonomy mainly stem from pragmatic national security and foreign policy considerations, while largely ignoring grand strategic ideas.This book will be of much interest to students of European politics, security studies, and international relations.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Ecological Soil-Cement Brick Incorporated with Babassu Coconut Fibre
In order to minimise environmental impact, the application of sustainable development has become substantial on the industrial scene. The combination of construction solutions, traditional materials and products sourced from the environment has been a solution to this reality. With this in mind, this study aims to incorporate natural fibres from the epicarp of the babassu coconut into ecological soil-cement bricks, which are already used in homes that aim to be economical and practical, using fibres from the epicarp of the babassu coconut. This material has been the livelihood of countless families in the North and Northeast of Brazil and has been shown to have good mechanical and economic performance. The combination of these two materials has prompted several scientific research projects in the area of sustainable composites. In addition, the aim is to reduce waste disposal in the environment.
Engineered Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems
This book highlights application of nanomaterials for drug delivery, therapy, and engineering. It covers stimuli-sensitive drug delivery systems including an overview of the physical, chemical, biological, and nano systems. It also presents clinical status for different types of nanoplatforms and assesses novel applications of nanomaterials.
Liquid Crystals with Nano/Micro Particles and Their Applications
This book will discuss the remarkable performances of nano-particle aided liquid crystals in metamaterials, photonics, functionalized polymer fibres, sensing, and medical diagnostics.
Local Water Partnership
The conservation of water resources together with environment protection will be a challenge for the European Union within the 21st century. Water management nowadays involves the cooperation of farmers, societies, industry and public administration. The solution based model of water protection in this book describes the creation of local water partnerships by local actors and stakeholders for the management of local water resources. These local water partnerships will enable the integration of the local community to comprehensively solve problems related to water security, while also cooperating with neighbouring partnerships. The local water strategy is based on local needs and priorities with reference to regional, national and global objectives. This strategy also provides for environment and species protection, as envisioned by the New Green Deal and the current EU actions to make the key economic sectors more resistant to climate change. The model for water protection can also be used to reduce the carbon footprint and environmental transformation within Europe.
Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials
This book covers advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, along with the aspects needed for a successful and marketable nano-formulation. With advances in synthetic technologies, nanoparticles can be custom made from variety of advanced materials to mimic the bioenvironment and equipped with various targeting and imaging moieties.
Principles of Spinning
The proposed book initiates by giving basic information about the various types of fibres used as textile raw material for fibre to yarn conversion, including essential and desirable fibre characteristics along with cotton growing. Pertaining to calculations, many day-to-day examples that a spinner should know are created and solved.
Thermal Spray Coatings
This book provides the latest information about the research being conducted and established solutions available in the field of thermal spray coatings for various engineering applications. The readers of this book will be mainly the graduates, engineers and researchers who are pursuing their carrier in the field of thermal spraying.
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Materials
This book discusses recent developments in materials science and engineering in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobial and antiviral materials, including properties of various polymers, metals, and ceramics and their applications in the fight against pathogens.
Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting, Storage and Transportation
This book illustrates hydrogen production by water splitting including materials used, methods, and instrumentation. It discusses hydrogen production methods with a focus on water splitting, storage, and perspectives. It describes all the methods of hydrogen production and the effects of various radiations on hydrogen production.
Polymers in Energy Conversion and Storage
Polymers are used in energy conversion and storage technology due to their low-cost, softness, ductility and flexibility compared to carbon and inorganic materials. Contributors review current and potential applications including hydrogen production, solar cells, photovoltaics, water splitting, fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries.
Failure of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites
The proposed book focusses on failure of polymer composites, ways to enhance failure resistance, constituents and repair including associated complexities. It discusses characterization and experimentation of the composites under loading and topics as green composites, advanced materials and composite joint failure, buckling failure and so forth.
Non-Traditional and Advanced Machining Technologies
Non-Traditional and Advanced Machining Technologies covers the technologies, machine tools, and operations of non-traditional machining processes and assisted machining technologies. Two separate chapters deal with the machining techniques of difficult-to-cut materials, such as stainless, super alloys, ceramics, and composites. Design for machining, accuracy and surface integrity of machined parts, environment-friendly machine tools and operations, and hexapods are also presented. The topics covered throughout reflect the rapid and significant advances that have occurred in various areas in machining technologies and are organized and described in such a manner to draw the interest of the reader. The treatments are aimed at motiving and challenging the reader to explore viable solutions to a variety of questions regarding product design and optimum selection of machining operations for a given task.The book will be useful to professionals, students, and companies in the areas of industrial, manufacturing, mechanical, materials, and production engineering fields.
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Refractory Alloys
This book presents a wide perspective of oxide dispersion strengthened refractory alloys fabrication. It provides an appropriate basis for alloy design, process parameter selection, fabrication route, deformation behavior, achievement of application-oriented properties & parameters for development of sustainable materials.
Sustainable design for flood drainage in the city of Arax獺/MG
Based on the problems related to the rainwater collection system in Arax獺 - MG, there was a need to develop this book, starting from the reason for solving this issue, together with the presentation of a project that makes use of sustainable urban furniture to solve it. This book will provide the reader with methods to help with the proper use of sustainable materials that favour the infiltration of water into the soil and reduce the speed of surface runoff. The book is a reference work for professionals in the fields of engineering and architecture who are interested in the infrastructure of their cities.
Conducting Polymers for Advanced Energy Applications
This book details the use of conducting polymers and their composites in supercapacitors, batteries, photovoltaics, and fuel cells, covering nearly the entire spectrum of energy area under one title. It covers a range of advanced materials based on conducting polymers, the fundamentals, and chemistry behind these materials for energy applications.
Functional and Smart Materials
As the field of materials and manufacturing has progressed tremendously, there is a need for up-to-date knowledge with respect to the latest novelties, techniques and applications.
Characterization, Testing, Measurement, and Metrology
As the field of materials and manufacturing has progressed tremendously, there is a need for up-to-date knowledge with respect to the latest novelties, techniques and applications.
Thermal Transport Characteristics of Phase Change Materials and Nanofluids
This book provides information related to nanofluids, synthesis and preparation, nanoparticle morphology, selection of base fluids, thermophysical properties of nanofluids, and benefits of channels. Advantages of conduits, improvement of heat transfer performances of phase change materials (PCMs) and base PCMs for various applications included.
Nanochemistry
This book encompasses the fundamental concepts of Nanochemistry that involve the self-assemblage of nanostructures, surface stabilization, and functionalization of nanoparticles.
Artificial Intelligence-Aided Materials Design
This book describes the application of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) concepts to develop predictive models that can be used to design alloy materials. It will appeal to readers who are both new to and experienced with the use of AI/ML algorithms in data-driven materials science.
Machining Processes and Machines
Machining is one of the eight basic manufacturing processes. This textbook covers the fundamentals and engineering analysis of both conventional and advanced material removal processes along with gear cutting/manufacturing and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining.
Assessing the Overheating Risk of Buildings
The book presents the current state of the art for assessing the overheating risk of buildings. This includes the main effects and correlations related to site climate (including meso- and microclimate), comfort assessment, building-occupant interaction, and building design. Findings and action strategies are summarised.
Advanced Manufacturing and Processing Technology
As the field of materials and manufacturing has progressed tremendously, there is a need for up-to-date knowledge with respect to the latest novelties, techniques and applications.
Microbial Remediation of Azo Dyes with Prokaryotes
This book details microbial remediation of azo dyes from wastewater including information on existing methods and technologies, the graduation of existing technologies, the emergence of new technologies, industrial practices and real-case studies. Emphasis is on the elimination of toxic pollutants from wastewater through bacterial approach.
Porous Polymer Science and Applications
Internationally assembled experts in the field describe developments and advances in synthesis, tuning parameters, and applications of porous polymers. Chapter topics span basic studies, novel issues, and applications addressing all aspects in a one-stop reference on porous polymers.
Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications
This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser systems, including the complete range of their technical applications.
Smart Nanotechnology with Applications
The text discusses advanced concepts of nanotechnology and its applications in the fields of textile, pharmaceutical scienes, aerospace and food industry. It will be an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, nanotechnology and nanoscience.
Atomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for materials research. In this book, the basic principles of functional AFMs and their applications in energy materials such as lithium batteries, electrochemical catalysis, solar cells, and other energy-related materials are addressed.
The Strength-Ductility Paradox
The strength-ductility paradox originally referred to the fact that the plasticity of titanium is improved when subjected to high-pressure torsion. This is also known as the SPD-paradox, where SPD is the initialism of severe plastic deformation. Today, we know that short-term annealing of the deformed material increases the strength and ductility simultaneously. The same phenomenon is also observed in other pure metals, in alloys and in metal-matrix composites. The book reviews the strength-ductility paradox in a wide range of materials, and the range of mechanisms involved. The book references 119 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Severe Plastic Deformation, Pure Metals, Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ferrous Alloys, High Entropy Alloys, Composites.
Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Vol 1
This book provides a good general introduction to all the major areas of environmental toxicology, Fundamental aspects of environmental health, occupational health, detection of pollutants, and risk assessment are discussed. This book provides a thorough, systematic introduction to environmental toxicology and addresses many of the effects of pollutants on humans, animals, and the environment. The book will be of interest to biologists, environmental engineers, chemists, environmental scientists, microbiologists, medical doctors and all academics, professionals, policy makers and practitioners involved in the environmental toxicology and hazardous waste management.
Nanomechanics and Micromechanics
Fundamental Principles: Provide an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles of nanomechanics and micromechanics, including mechanical behavior at the nanoscale and microscale, nanomaterials properties, and the role of surface forces and intermolecular interactions. Nanomaterials Mechanics: Examine the mechanical behavior of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and graphene, including topics such as size effects, deformation mechanisms, fracture behavior, and the influence of defects and imperfections. Modeling and Simulation: Address modeling and simulation techniques used in nanomechanics and micromechanics research, including continuum mechanics models, molecular dynamics simulations, finite element analysis (FEA), and multiscale modeling approaches, to predict mechanical behavior and guide experimental design. Applications and Future Directions: Discuss applications of nanomechanics and micromechanics in emerging technologies and industries, such as nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, nanomanufacturing, and renewable energy, and explore future directions and challenges in the field, including the development of novel materials, devices, and fabrication techniques.
Standardization and metrology in the production of building materials
This paper considers the goals, objectives and organization of work on standardization, metrology, certification and quality management in the production of building materials. The basic concepts and provisions of metrology, basic concepts of the theory of errors, processing of measurement results, classification of signals and disturbances are considered. It is intended for employees of research, design and construction organizations, as well as teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and senior students of higher educational institutions of construction specialties.
Bosc D'Antic on Glass Making
PAUL BOSC D'ANTIC was a Protestant physician who became fascinated by glass making and gained influential friends who gave him the task of improving the manufacture of plate glass at Saint Gobain in 1755. He spent two years there before being dismissed but continued to make his career in glass making. At one stage he came to England hoping for a post at Ravenhead but was disappointed. After returning to France he eventually became physician to the King.He wrote extensively and very readably on glass making and several other subjects, in papers published between 1758 and the appearance of his Collected Works in 1780. His most important essay is a long one on Means of improving glass making in France which in 1760 won him a prize offered by the Royal Academy of Sciences but also offended his erstwhile employers at Saint-Gobain. It was supplemented by extensive notes written for the 1780 publication.This volume contains translations of the Preliminary Discourse that he wrote for the Collected Works, the prize essay with the notes inserted where appropriate, nine others concerned with various aspects of glass making, and two more on the assaying of ores and on the manufacture of faience.The subjects of the nine papers include: Bubbles in glass; Smears in glass; Crucibles from the Auvergne; Manufacture of potash; Use of unusual minerals as raw materials; and Manufacture of sheet glass.
Economic and environmental feasibility study
Civil Engineering Course Conclusion Paper presented to the University Centre of Rio Grande do Norte (UNI-RN) as a final requirement for obtaining a Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering, supervised by Professor M.Sc. Raymison Cardoso. The aim of this monograph is to develop a study on the economic and environmental feasibility of using waste tyres for asphalt paving on a road and an avenue in Natal/RN. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to gain an insight into the current situation regarding the collection of scrap tyres, rubber asphalt and conventional asphalt, and last but not least - economic competitiveness, environmental development and road development
Innovative Technologies in Design of Wooden Structures
The use of wood as one of the main materials in the construction of various structures has been common in all parts of the world since long ago. Wood, with countless advantages, including flexibility and lightness, has always attracted people's attention. Today, wooden structures are known as one of the most popular types of structures around the world. In the following, we will talk more about the advantages and disadvantages of wooden structures. Despite the many developments in the construction industry and the emergence of new materials, wood is still one of the most popular and widely used materials in the construction of structures. Wooden structure means that wood is used as the main building material. Since ancient times, wood has been used to build all kinds of structures due to its countless advantages, including strength, resistance, flexibility, and beauty. Today, wooden structures are among the most popular and widely used structures in the world. More than 2 billion houses around the world have been built using this type of structure, including residential buildings and even buildings as high as 10 stories.
Green Energy
It is estimated that Brazil's consumption of processed fruit exceeds 23 million tons, resulting in a huge amount of improperly disposed waste. This book proposes practical solutions to mitigate environmental issues and the costs associated with fruit processing, suggesting the reuse of waste in the production unit itself. Approaches such as thermal processes, electricity production and the creation of marketable by-products are discussed in detail, highlighting the possibility of exporting the energy surplus produced.By demonstrating the numerous applications for the reuse of agro-industrial fruit waste, this book positions itself as a promising alternative for industrial innovation, minimizing environmental damage and promoting health and quality of life for future generations through the sustainable use of resources.
Communes of Nouakchott - Mauritania
Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, was created ex nihilo in an environment made up of Sebkhas, shallows and continental dunes, along a very straight coastline. Climatic conditions linked to sea movements and continental seasons have given rise to new landscapes characterized by outcrops of pools and accumulations of unhealthy water. Today, these landscapes are becoming characteristic of Nouakchott, unlike in the 70s, when only a few sebkhas and marshes could be distinguished along the coastline. So we have to ask ourselves why we've reached the stage where floodwaters, ponds and marshes have become a permanent threat to the city, in fact, a sort of sword of Damocles hanging over the capital.
Comparison of thermal behaviour
The current climate changes that the world is undergoing are causing concern due to their intensity and the speed with which they are happening. In the urban environment, the increase in temperature is more noticeable, since it is there that the natural environment has been strongly transformed, as seen in the replacement of vegetation with buildings, concrete and asphalt. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative study between conventional roofing and eco-roofing, which is a type of roofing with a living layer of vegetation and whose use is associated with various benefits, analysing its thermal behaviour. Among the benefits, the eco-roof is recognised for having a thermal behaviour that mitigates the effects of rigid climates, such as excess heat or cold, and this particularity of eco-roofs allows for a greater thermal balance in the environment, thus providing better thermal comfort in the buildings in which they are installed.
Problems and Solutions in Glass ProductIon
This book is a final comment on what the author has to say about glass production problems. The problems are numerous with small or big impact. Those chosen are everyday problems and will remain at the top of the agenda. Glass is a high technology product for many applications, but a commodity product for all walks of life. It has proven itself as the most harmless product in comparison to its so-called alternatives. Glass has a long history behind it and undoubtedly has a bright future as a material.Some problems have a long history, but technological developments eliminate most of them to satisfy customer requirements. The behaviour of glass in the environment it is used, requires special attention and care. Although glass is reckoned to be neutral and resistant, it may deteriorate in quality if necessary measures are not taken.Daily and regular glass furnace observation is very important for best management. Energy, raw materials and labour are the main cost items in glass production. This book does not claim to cover all the fundamentals of glass. It is intended to uncover the strong conservative look that is shed on glass production since early times. Nothing remains to be secret or confidential at this time of easy access to information. Several problems have been summarised in Chapter 1, raw material problems have been dealt with in Chapter 2; Chapter 3 is a follow up which deals with homogeneity, batch reactions and furnace observations. Batch related problems are not by any means of lesser importance, all are tackled one by one in Chapter 4. Glass defects are iterated in Chapter 5. There is a wealth of information about defects, related origins and proposals for solutions. Tin bath and related problems are examined in Chapter 6, by making extensive use of available literature. Tin bath faults are dealt with in detail. Satisfactory information has been condensed about tin bath chemistry. There are some features which are completely new. Post-production problems of glass products (float, container and tableware) are given in detail in Chapter 7.The reader will have noticed by scanning through the pages of this book that there is a good deal of bias on float glass. This is because the author has become more specialised in this aspect.
Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Changes Monitoring
Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics in Riyadh over a decade were comprehensively analyzed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. By harnessing the Landsat 8 Image collection and night-time light image collection from May to August for the years 2013 and 2023, we were able to generate insightful datasets capturing the changing landscape of the region. Our approach involved a Random Forest (RF) classification model that consistently displayed commendable precision scores above 92% for both years. A notable discovery from the study was the pronounced urban expansion, particularly around Riyadh city. Within a mere ten-year span, urbanization surged noticeably, affecting the broader ecological environment of the region. Interestingly, the northeastern part of Riyadh emerged as a focal point of this growth, signaling rapid urban growth of urban sprawl and development. A comparison between the two years indicates a 21.51% increase in built-up areas, revealing the transformative pace of urban sprawl. Contrastingly, vegetation cover patterns presented a more nuanced picture.
Photocatalytic permeable asphalt pavement with exhaust purification
The rapid increase in the number of automobiles has led to significant environmental problems, particularly car exhaust pollution. Vehicle exhaust emissions are a major contributor to environmental issues such as smog, ozone depletion, acid rain, as well as serious respiratory diseases and carcinogens. The environmental problems caused by the growing number of automobiles cannot be addressed solely by the natural self-purification capability. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in research on road materials for reducing vehicle emissions due to its excellent corrosion resistance, strong catalytic properties, simple preparation process, low cost, and stable chemical properties. This study focuses on asphalt pavement materials, conducting experiments on the preparation of permeable asphalt mixtures coated with photocatalytic materials, the degradation performance of nano TiO2 photocatalytic materials on exhaust gases, and the overall performance of coating with nano TiO2 photocatalytic materials. The research aims to catalytically degrade automobile exhaust gases through asphalt pavement, reducing the health risks associated with vehicle emissions.
The Concept of Green Buildings in Nigeria
As urbanization and environmental concerns grow, sustainable construction is vital. This book explores green building practices in Nigeria, particularly in Warri, Delta State, combining literature reviews and on-site studies at the Appropriate Technology Enabled Development (ATED) Center. A model of a 3-bedroom green residential building showcases principles of sustainable construction, emphasizing energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and effective water management. The use of sustainable materials limits resource depletion and waste. Economically, initial investments in green technologies lead to long-term savings and increased property value. Advanced engineering solutions improve indoor environmental quality, enhancing air quality, thermal comfort, and natural light.
Tunneling
The book covers areas such as: general information about tunnels, historical development in tunnel construction, traditional tunnel construction methods before NATM, principles of tunnel construction according to NATM, classification of rock masses, stress conditions around excavations, securing underground excavations, excavation by blasting, excavation in soft rocks, portal structures, monitoring and ventilation during excavation. Additionally, the book presents eleven case studies from practice that the authors have analyzed, which cover similar or identical thematic areas as those addressed in the aforementioned book.
Counterinsurgency Warfare and Brutalisation
This book offers the first analysis of the brutalisation paradigm in counter-insurgency warfare.
