Plasticulture Engineering and Technology
This book discusses the myriad important aspects of crop production that utilize plastic, such as micro irrigation, water management, plastic mulch films, protected cultivation and low tunnels, crop covers, canal linings, silage bags, and more.
Fundamentals of Ceramics
Through the lens of history, art, and science, we uncover the magic of clay-the humble material that transforms under the hands of skilled artisans into objects of beauty and significance. We explore the myriad forms and functions of ceramics, from everyday pottery to sculptural masterpieces, from delicate porcelain to rugged stoneware.This book is intended not only as a celebration of ceramics but also as an invitation to explore, creates, and appreciates. Whether you are a seasoned ceramic artist, an enthusiastic collector, or simply a curious observer, may these pages spark your imagination and deepen your appreciation for the timeless art of ceramics.
Solar Heating and Cooling in Buildings
The production power of the solar panel is one of the parameters for calculating the efficiency of the solar system. However, these approximate calculations are very useful and can be effective in estimating the approximate costs of a solar power system. This calculation is very simple and it is enough to divide the figure obtained from the number of watt hours per day by the figure corresponding to the worst case of monthly solar radiation intensity. Installing solar panels on the roof of your home is very effective in reducing the cost of electricity consumption and not only increases the value of your home, but also significantly reduces the carbon dioxide in the air. Solar energy is clean and renewable; plus, it's very affordable in Iran with lots of sunshine. In the modern world, the population is increasing, and as a result, the consumption of energy, especially non-renewable energy, has increased. On the other hand, fossil fuel resources such as oil and gas are decreasing. Therefore, the use of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. is a necessity.
Combat at night
Topics include: - Human Factors - Training for Night Combat - Equipment for Night Combat - Conducting a Firefight at Night - Combat Methods & Tactics The night belongs to us. The night always has always had something eerie about it. But darkness can also provide protection and a tactical advantage. Night combat presents special challenges for all Soldiers, but it can be mastered with and without the most modern technologies. Because darkness can also be your friend, both in attack and defense. Every modern Soldier should be capable of fighting at night - "Night Combat" explains how to prepare for engage in battle during darkness, and how to emerge victorious. Hermann CONRAD is an active special operations forces soldier and instructor in a Tier 1 unit with more than 20 years of SF experience in training and operations - with night fighting skills as a particular necessity. Christian V?TH founded Light Infantry International in 2023 to establish new standards in the training of light infantry forces. Night combat plays a central role in his training system. English translation by Lawrence HOLSWORTH-a former parachute infantry Sergeant in the US Army 82nd Airborne Division, with expertise in several infantry weapons systems and well-trained in the conduct of night operations (usually without the aid of modern night vision devices).
Synthesis of Biosorbents for Removals of Contaminants from Water
The application of bio absorbents for removal of inorganic materials from water remediation involves repurposing various discarded materials to create efficient and sustainable solutions. Through innovative approaches, waste materials like domestic flower waste and temples residues, are transformed into biosorbents capable of removing toxic contaminants from water sources. This process contributes to both waste management and environmental protection. For this test we are prepare powders of Rose, Hibiscus, Mary gold, Tecoma stans, Chrysanthemum. Then calculate the 8 parameters chlorides, hardness, iron, phosphorus, ammonia, nitrates, sulphates, and florides in the water. Measure the optimization process kinetic study of the best bio absorbents. The study aims to contribute to the advancement of green technologies for water purification by repurposing solid waste into valuable resources.The abstract explores the diverse sources of biosorbents, highlighting their cost- effectiveness and eco-friendliness. The study delves into the synthesis methods, emphasizing the importance of optimizing conditions for enhanced sorption capacities.
Concrete with rice husk ash and foundry sand
Care and concern for the environment is becoming increasingly intense, and it is necessary to find alternatives that help minimize the impacts that are continually being caused. Through research and studies, alternatives have emerged for reusing waste that can increase the strength of concrete and contribute to sustainability, rather than being disposed of inappropriately. As rice production is intense in Rio Grande do Sul and other states, a large volume of solid waste is generated as a result of processing and beneficiation activities, identified as rice husk ash. When this waste is not disposed of correctly, it causes serious environmental and health problems. This has led to the search for studies and research into the possibility of substituting this waste as construction materials, which in addition to generating ecological and economic benefits, can also improve some of the properties of concrete.
Management of solid construction waste
Construction waste accounts for approximately 45% of the solid waste produced daily in the municipality of Tup瓊-SP. This is made up of stones, sand, concrete, wood, ceramics, bricks, tiles, paint, in other words, materials from construction, remodelling and demolition. The irregular disposal of RCC in Brazilian municipalities causes serious environmental impacts, so there is a need to study ways of minimising these impacts caused by incorrect disposal. With this in mind, this study aims to carry out a bibliographical survey on the management of construction waste in the municipality of Tup瓊-SP. The archives of the municipal administration bodies that manage construction and demolition waste (CDW) were consulted, the relevant municipal legislation was researched, as well as how this waste is managed, State Law 12.300/2006, which establishes the State Solid Waste Policy and CONAMA Resolution 307/2002, as well as the links in the production chain and the final destination of this waste.
Construction methods
Over the years, the construction industry has intensified, marked mainly by bringing one of the largest economic shares to the country, but the challenge is to achieve increasingly sustainable constructions and methods, a crucial point for the future of our society. The Brazilian people's culture and way of building emerged from the coffee economic cycle, which is still enjoyed today. The aim is to develop techniques capable of increasing productivity, optimizing time and generating less waste. Within these construction systems, the conventional masonry method and the method used in New Zealand, Wood Frame, are compared, pointing out all the advantages and disadvantages of each system, as well as checking their technical specifications and total costs. The results show that the public questioned is very accepting of innovative systems that fit their needs. In conclusion, the research presents results on a system capable of combining sustainability with its constructive benefits.
X-Ray Studies on Electrochemical Systems
This book is your graduate level entrance into battery, fuel cell and solar cell research at synchrotron x-ray sources and free electron lasers. Materials scientists find numerous examples for the combination of electrochemical experiments with simple and with highly complex x-ray scattering and spectroscopy methods. Physicists and chemists can link applied electrochemistry with fundamental concepts of condensed matter physics, physical chemistry and surface science.
Passenger transport demand analysis for the metro network
This work was presented as a requirement for the degree in Civil Engineering at the S瓊o Carlos School of Engineering of the University of S瓊o Paulo in 2015. It presents the Demand Analysis for passenger transport for the Salvador - BA metro network, based on the Origin/Destination survey carried out in 1995. The Four Stages model was used to model demand, focusing on Trip Generation and Distribution. Based on the results, the coverage of the current metro network was verified and a network was proposed that adequately served the main centres of the city of Salvador and boosted the migration of car users to the metro.
Water footprint, using water productivity indices
The objective was to determine the water footprint of the wheat grain and white chickpea crops produced in Cajeme, Sonora, for which mathematical models were developed to determine the efficiency and productivity of water in both crops. It was determined that a total of 1,056 L kg-1 of wheat and 1,621 L kg-1 of white chickpea were used. The physical productivity indicators were 0.947 kg m-3 in wheat and per cubic meter and 0.617 kg m-3 in white chickpea. In economic terms, a total of 115.63 m3 of water were used in wheat to generate US$ 1 dollar of loss, and in chickpea a total of 6.84 m3 were used per dollar of profit. The jobs generated per cubic hectometer of water used in irrigation were 0.56 jobs hm3 in wheat and 1.16 jobs hm3 in white chickpea. Likewise, 1.4 h ton-1 were required for wheat grain and 4.3 h ton-1 for white chickpea. It is concluded that the white chickpea produced in Cajeme, Sonora showed indicators of efficiency and economic and social productivity superior to those determined in the wheat crop.
Advanced Materials for Emerging Applications (Innovations, Improvements, Inclusion and Impact)
Advanced Materials for Emerging Applications is a monograph on emerging materials - materials that have observable differences in physical properties and manufacturing requirements when compared to existing materials and industrial processes. The volume aims to showcase novel materials that can be used in advanced technology and innovative products. The editors have compiled 17 chapters grouped into 3 sections: 1) Metals and Alloys, 2) Composite materials, and 3) Other materials. Chapters 1-5 discuss recent advances in friction stir welding, suitability of nickel-base shape memory alloys, thermal cycling studies of nickel-based shape memory alloys, nitrogen additions to stainless steel, and the evolution of zirconium alloy. Chapters 6-11 cover topics such as additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites, composite materials for biomedical applications, aluminum and magnesium metal matrix composites, aluminum nanocomposites for automobile applications, enhancing the strength of aluminum-boron carbide composites, and sisal fibers reinforced composites. Lastly, chapters 13-17 explore smart hydrogels, engineered iron-oxide nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia, emerging sustainable material technology for fire safety, recent advances in unconventional machining of smart alloys, and critical parameters influencing high-strain rate deformation of materials. This monograph provides information for a broad readership including material and manufacturing engineers, researchers, students (at undergraduate levels or above) and entrepreneurs interested in manufacturing new products.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater
Membrane bioreactors have been widely used in the biological treatment of wastewater. The membranes used in this type of technology are produced from synthetic, organic or inorganic materials. However, membranes can also be formed from the deposition of solid particles, colloids, polymeric materials, as well as microbial cells and flocs, on an inert support during the filtration process and, when coupled to a bioreactor, they become a single system called a Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor (DMBR). This type of bioreactor, while retaining the solids and microorganisms present in the system, removes organic material that is easy and difficult to degrade, which reduces treatment costs and makes it advantageous over conventional membrane bioreactors (BRM). In Brazil, this technology is relatively new and still little explored. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the performance of BRMD's in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. In addition to the advantages and disadvantages of this type of system compared to conventional BRMs (micro- and ultrafiltration), the phenomena of BRMD are described.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Environmental Monitoring
The effects of contamination of environmental pollutants on public health has garnered worldwide attention and research. To reduce the disease threat to human health, the monitoring and analysis of environmental contaminants are crucial. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are proven to be a stepping stone in the fabrication of nanosensors for various food and environmental monitoring and analysis applications. This multidisciplinary book provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication and development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based devices for various sensing applications. Overall, this book is intended to provide users with concise and well-framed information about molecularly imprinted polymer-based biosensors, which can be exploited by researchers and device manufacturers for the development of novel sensors and their commercialization for environmental monitoring.Key Features Covers the approaches to design novel, cost-effective molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for environmental monitoring and analysis Illustrates properties of nanomaterials with the specific recognition of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensitive and specific detection of environmental pollutants Includes a wide variety of environmental monitoring applications for molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors
Hydrogen
The book covers the journey of hydrogen, from element to condensed matter with exotic physical properties and enormous technological promise as clean energy source and energy carrier. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students of hydrogen science and technology, and renewable energies.
Metamaterial and Frequency Selective Surface Assisted Antenna Design
This book serves as a comprehensive resource on the application of metamaterial in different areas such as - wireless communications, microwave, terahertz and medical domains. It covers different aspects of metamaterial starting from theoretical concepts to hardware implementation.
Metamaterial and Frequency Selective Surface Assisted Antenna Design
This book serves as a comprehensive resource on the application of metamaterial in different areas such as - wireless communications, microwave, terahertz and medical domains. It covers different aspects of metamaterial starting from theoretical concepts to hardware implementation.
Management of natural resource-based IGA microprojects
The "femmes entreprenantes" group in Mayo-Kebbi Ouest has initiated an income-generating activity (IGA) to process shea nuts into butter, and has obtained funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the RECONNECT project.The management of this microproject reveals that the technical capacities of group members have been strengthened through ongoing training for 50 people; the activity generates income for group members; the group's operating account is positive; the group pays 11 women and 3 young people, and the schooling costs of 15 children are borne by the group.However, there are a number of management and organizational problems. These include a lack of documents summarizing activities, financial accounting, consideration of depreciation of durable assets in calculating profits, valuation of family labor in monetary terms, and profit-sharing procedures. As well as contributions to cover any operating losses, management control and activity reporting.
Brain Tumor and Nanotechnology
Brain Tumors and Nanotechnology explores the complex world of brain tumors and the ground-breaking role that nanotechnology is playing in both detection and treatment. It offers comprehensive and up-to-date strategies in the treatment of brain tumors, with a special emphasis on the revolutionary impact of nanotechnology. It begins with an in-depth analysis of the anatomy of the brain and nervous system, highlighting the constituents of the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurons and glial cells. It also offers a thorough understanding of the intricate structure of the human brain, including the hemispheres, brainstem, diencephalon, and ventricular system. It then reveals the understanding of the complicated nature of brain tumors and the potential for nanotechnology to revolutionize their diagnosis and treatment. Brain Tumors and Nanotechnology will be a longstanding valuable resource for researchers, medical professionals, and students in the field.
Room Acoustics
This classic work emphasises the properties and calculation of reverberation. It now covers new measurement and simulation techniques, spatial and directional analysis, psychophysical experimental approaches, sound absorption and scattering through wall corrugations; and the design and performance of sound reinforcement systems.
Rare Earth
This monograph represents a tribute to the late Prof. Karl Gschneidner, well known as "Mr. Rare Earth", distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Iowa State University, a Senior Metallurgist at the Ames Laboratory, and the Chief Scientist of the Critical Materials Institute. Topics covered include Rare Earth Glass Spectroscopy, Treating Skin Diseases, Prospective Rare Earth Applications, Optical Information Storage, Diagnostic Imaging, Nanoparticles in Glasses, and ZnO Nanomaterials.
Elemental Future
Embark on a Journey to the Future of ResourcesImagine a world where rare earth elements, solar advancements, and sustainable technologies shape our daily lives. That future is closer than you think."Elemental Future: Navigating the Resources of Tomorrow" dives into the profound shifts and innovations transforming our interaction with the planet's resources. From rare earth metals to groundbreaking energy solutions, each chapter unravels the complexities and promises of these vital materials.Step into Chapter 1, where we unveil the future role of critical materials in modern technology and pave the way to sustainable practices. In Chapter 2, discover the unsung heroes-rare earth elements-that are shaping today's geopolitics and tomorrow's technologies. Venture through the revolutionary pathways of lithium and solar energy in Chapters 3 and 4, examining the advancements and environmental strategies crucial for a greener tomorrow.Picture the boundless opportunities brought by harnessing wind and water power. Chapters 5 and 6 navigate the intricate relationship between energy and materials, showcasing cutting-edge turbine technologies and the pivotal shift to bio-based alternatives. The journey continues with insights into nuclear safety, the tantalizing potential of fusion energy, and the ascent of the circular economy in Chapters 7, 8, and 9.As you delve deeper, Chapters 10 through 20 spotlight a myriad of innovative solutions, including urban mining, graphene applications, and AI-driven resource optimization. Uncover the intertwined realities of soil, air, and water conservation, essential for the sustainable cities of the future.By Chapter 25, explore actionable steps any citizen can take to foster sustainability. This book not only informs but inspires, illustrating visions of a world where every resource is valued and every action counts.Begin your exploration and be a part of the change toward a sustainable and prosperous future.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
The book presents the fundamental principles, materials, and strategies involved in the design and development of catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.Keywords: Metal based Catalysts, Single Atomic Catalysts, Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides, Oxides, Sulfides, Selenides, Composite Electrocatalysts, Heterostructured Electrocatalysts, Precious Metal-based Electrocatalysts, Transition Metal Compound Catalysts, Surface Structure Modulation, Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution, Electrolyzers.
Titanium Alloys: Basics and Applications
At just half the weight of steel and nickel-based superalloys, titanium and its alloys stand out primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and low density. Such distinctive properties make titanium attractive for a variety of applications, including aerospace, sports and leisure, and industrial uses.The book aims to cover important aspects of titanium metallurgy, from the basic characteristics of titanium to its advanced applications.The introductory chapter introduces the metallurgical background, physical and mechanical properties of titanium, with insights into specialty titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites. The book also discusses the correlation between microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys along with various heat-treatment opportunities that exist for tailoring the properties to achieve excellent performance in a variety of products. Additionally, the variety of applications of titanium and its alloys in aerospace and non-aerospace markets are documented in detail.Serving an updated account of recent developments with respect to titanium and its alloys, this book is an excellent, timely, and comprehensive reference for materials scientist and engineers who wish to gain knowledge about these engineering materials.
CDM, Sectorial Impact on GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy in India
This comprehensive book delves into the intricate issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their profound impact on global climate change. It meticulously examines the various sectors contributing to GHG emissions, such as energy, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste management. Highlighting the critical importance of understanding the emission trends, the book meticulously compares the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions across pivotal years from 1994 to 2019, shedding light on the evolving environmental landscape.Moreover, it meticulously details the top GHG emitting countries from 1990 to 2019, providing a comprehensive overview of global emissions and their contributors over the past three decades.The alarming consequences of GHG emissions are elucidated, emphasizing the resultant global warming and the steady rise in the Earth's average temperature. Recognizing the urgency to mitigate these impacts, the book explores the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by nations worldwide, outlining the collective efforts to address this pressing issue.
Recovery of Lithium from Secondary Resources
This book presents a state-of-the-art review of recent advances in the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (S-LIBs) from secondary resources. The topics covered include LIB types, classification, structure, assembly, functioning, material developments, market, and potential environmental impacts.
Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Sunscreen Products
This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters utilized for photoprotection applications. It evaluates the performance of the two approved inorganic UV filters for sunscreen use, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), examining their physicochemical properties in relation to various factors such as efficacy in UVR attenuation, formulation considerations including product aesthetics and stability, safety aspects, potential risks to human health, and their environmental fate and effects. The regulations governing the use of TiO2 and ZnO in sunscreens are also addressed. Furthermore, the book assesses different modification strategies employed to mitigate the undesirable properties of ZnO and TiO2. It also presents various inorganic materials studied as alternatives to ZnO and TiO2, evaluating their potential for use as UV filters. This book is tailored for chemists, material scientists, researchers, engineers (both chemical and biomedical), as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in this dynamic research field. Additionally, it serves as a valuable resource for industrial researchers and R&D managers aiming to develop and market advanced inorganic UV filter-based sunscreen products.
Advanced Nanoscale MOSFET Architectures
Comprehensive reference on the fundamental principles and basic physics dictating metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) operation Advanced Nanoscale MOSFET Architectures provides an in-depth review of modern metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) device technologies and advancements, with information on their operation, various architectures, fabrication, materials, modeling and simulation methods, circuit applications, and other aspects related to nanoscale MOSFET technology. The text begins with an introduction to the foundational technology before moving on to describe challenges associated with the scaling of nanoscale devices. Other topics covered include device physics and operation, strain engineering for highly scaled MOSFETs, tunnel FET, graphene based field effect transistors, and more. The text also compares silicon bulk and devices, nanosheet transistors and introduces low-power circuit design using advanced MOSFETs. Additional topics covered include: High-k gate dielectrics and metal gate electrodes for multi-gate MOSFETs, covering gate stack processing and metal gate modification Strain engineering in 3D complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and its scaling impact, and strain engineering in silicon-germanium (SiGe) FinFET and its challenges and future perspectives TCAD simulation of multi-gate MOSFET, covering model calibration and device performance for analog and RF applications Description of the design of an analog amplifier circuit using digital CMOS technology of SCL for ultra-low power VLSI applicationsAdvanced Nanoscale MOSFET Architectures helps readers understand device physics and design of new structures and material compositions, making it an important resource for the researchers and professionals who are carrying out research in the field, along with students in related programs of study.
Forming and Machining of Polymers, Ceramics, and Composites
The main goal of the book is to represent the recent developments in the field of forming and machining of different nonmetals especially polymers, composites, and ceramics. Special focus is on the advancement of these processes to manufacture components from these non-metals.
Emergent Pollutants in Freshwater Plankton Communities
Emergent Pollutants in Freshwater Plankton Communities introduces the environmental and health monitoring techniques for emergent pollutants and their influences on the community structure of lentic freshwater plankton. It highlights the challenges posed by the improper treatment or disposal of industrial pharmaceutical wastes.
The Era of Nanotechnology
This book presents a broad overview of the field of nanotechnology, focusing on key essentials, and delivers examples of applications in various fields. It looks at nanotechnology applications in a variety of fields, including health care, pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery, nanomedicine, renewable energy, and more.
Metals
This document has been prepared to assist in the provision of metallurgical training which is essential in all metal-related businesses. The importance of metallurgical training has also been identified by the 2014 European roadmap for Metallurgy.This is not a comprehensive documentation of metallurgical theory and practice, but a simple and basic introduction to the salient aspects which are essential to achieve a level of awareness and understanding in metallurgy to assist with the control of the quality of product, solving problems and preventing errors.
Fabrication and Applications of Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon
This book systematically introduces the fundamentals, preparation technology, state-of-the-art applications, and future development of biomass-derived porous carbon materials.
Integrated Agriculture
Integrated Agriculture - An Approach for Sustainable Agriculture offers a comprehensive examination of a transformative agricultural paradigm aimed at revolutionizing farming practices worldwide. This book explores the core principles and practical applications of integrated agriculture, presenting a holistic perspective that merges traditional wisdom with modern scientific advancements. The book is an indispensable resource that bridges theory and practice, offering readers a roadmap to embracing a holistic and forward-thinking approach to farming on a global scale. Through its comprehensive exploration of integrated agricultural practices, this book advocates for a sustainable and prosperous future for agriculture worldwide.With a focus on enhancing agricultural productivity, profitability, sustainability, and environmental health, this book serves as a guiding beacon for practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and students invested in the future of global agriculture.
P-Bits and Q-Bits: Probabilistic and Quantum Computing
This book is the third volume in the New Era Electronics lecture notes series, a compilation of volumes defining the important concepts tied to the electronics transition happening in the 21st century.The material is adapted from a unique course that connects three diverse fields -- statistical mechanics, neural networks and quantum computing -- using the unifying concept of a state-space with 2N dimensions defined by N binary bits. First, the seminal concepts of statistical mechanics, developed to describe natural interacting systems, are described. Then, these concepts are connected to engineered interacting systems like Boltzmann Machines (BM), which are cleverly designed to solve problems in machine learning. Finally, we connect to engineered quantum systems, stressing the key role of quantum interference in distinguishing them from classical systems like BM.Assuming only a basic background in differential equations and linear algebra, this book is accessible to broader audiences across its described topics, including students in physics, engineering and computing, as well as professionals working actively in the technical fields looking for a primer to unconventional computing.
Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants
This book discusses new and innovative trends and techniques in the removal of toxic and or refractory pollutants through various environmental biotechnological processes from wastewater, both at the laboratory and industrial scale.
Nanomaterials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Storage
Hydrogen is poised to play a major role in the transition towards a net-zero economy. However, the worldwide implementation of hydrogen energy is restricted by several challenges, including those related to practical, easy, safe, and cost-effective storage and production methodologies. Nanomaterials present a promising solution, playing an integral role in overcoming the limitations of hydrogen production and storage. This book explores these innovations, covering a wide spectrum of applications of nanomaterials for sustainable hydrogen production and storage. Provides an overview of the hydrogen economy and its role in the transition to a net-zero economy. Details various nanomaterials for hydrogen production and storage as well as modeling and optimization of nanomaterials production. Features real-life case studies on innovations in nanomaterials applications for hydrogen storage. Discusses both the current status and future prospects. Aimed at researchers and professionals in chemical, materials, energy, environmental and related engineering disciplines, this work provides readers with an overview of the latest techniques and materials for the development and advancement of hydrogen energy technologies.
Groundwater contamination in Erbil City
The development, urbanization, industrialization, and human activities lead to depletion in the quality and quantity of groundwater. Modeling groundwater is an effective method for predicting the hydrological characteristics of an aquifer and finding the influence of pollution transport in groundwater. Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which includes MODFLOW, MODPATH, and MT3DMS were used to model the groundwater flow and predict the future effect of contamination transport in the Erbil city- Kani Qrizhala area.
Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials
Porous media exist in different modern materials. It presents great surface areas with small pore size distribution. These types of materials with controllable and adjustable pore diameters are given considerable attention due to their suitable properties and applications in several fields. Porous materials have many applications in our daily life. We use different types of porous materials to clean our drinking water, for instance.This new research-oriented volume focuses on exploring the wide range of porous materials. In this new volume, original contributions from international authors along with case studies on the synthesis, design, characterization, and applications of different types of porous materials and solids are presented in detail. The book covers different types of porous materials in the broad sense by considering experimental and theoretical aspects of materials science related to porous materials and solids. The book aims to help approach characterizing a particular types of materials for more in-depth analysis.This book is divided into three parts to determine the best techniques for solving particular porous materials problems, and in each part, the fabrication and characterization of porous materials are explored with applications, describing new methodologies to gain the required information along with limitations of various methods.To make this new title a practical reference book for research students and for engineers and scientists of different disciplines working with porous materials and solids, the editors have selected a very comprehensive range of case studies as well, designed to cover the basic concepts of porosity. These case studies also describe different types of pores and surfaces for readers.
Materials Processing
Materials Processing: A Unified Approach to Processing of Metals, Ceramics and Polymers: Second Edition is the first textbook to bring the fundamental concepts of materials processing together in a unified approach that highlights the overlap in scientific and engineering principles. The book teaches students key principles involved in the processing of engineering materials, specifically metals, ceramics, and polymers, from starting or raw materials through to final functional forms. The book's self-contained approach is based on the state of matter most central to the shaping of the material: melt, solid, powder, dispersion and solution, and vapor. This fully updated edition includes expanded coverage of additive manufacturing and more comprehensive problem sets.
Climate Change, Resilience and Cultural Heritage
This book showcases the cross-disciplinary and "systemic" relationships among climate change, resilience, and cultural heritage. It critically reviews the contemporary international documents and scholarly debates of the climate science, disaster risk management, and heritage fields and reveals that, within the comprehensive point of view, the potential and advances in one field could be instrumentalized in other fields. Moreover, it provides tailor-made considerations and practical recommendatory encounters toward resilient cultural heritage in facing climate change as a "disaster risk driver". Lastly, the book highlights the significance of the cultural dimension of climate change as well as the global landscape of systemic risk while redefining a new comprehensive and holistic definition of resilience for the heritage field.
Superhydrophobic Coating - Recent Advances in Theory and Applications
Bio-inspired superhydrophobic coatings exhibit exceptional nonwetting properties, characterized by a large contact angle and minimal contact angle hysteresis. As a result, they have generated significant interest across diverse fields. This book explores advancements in superhydrophobic coatings, including their fabrication and application. It specifically addresses environmentally friendly chemicals for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings. Moreover, it delves into the application of superhydrophobic coatings in various scenarios, including anti-icing, anti-biofouling, and gas-liquid separation. By addressing these topics, the book offers a comprehensive overview of the historical background and progress made in the realm of superhydrophobic coatings. Furthermore, it serves as a rallying call to scientists worldwide, urging collaborative efforts to overcome development barriers and explore new application domains for the lotus-inspired superhydrophobic coating.
Advanced Green Technology for Environmental Sustainability and Circular Economy
This book elucidates the growing application of greener technology with a circular economic approach and examines the connection among environment, economy, and ecology for an emerging and supportable human society. Focusing on the technologies and methods essential to overcome growing environmental challenges.
Charged!
There are eight billion of us on the planet and most of us strive for lifestyles of affluence, consumption, and mobility. We buy what we want and we go where we want to go.These capitalistic-driven, hedonistic desires consume non-renewable energy and non-renewable mineral resources. If left unchecked, our consumption and mobility desires will deprive future generations of sufficient quantities of these resources. This is not news.However, rather than moderating our consumption habits, we have gratefully accepted a get-out-of-jail-free card. We have been led to believe that our overindulgence can be countered by making a shift to electric vehicles. We have also been led to believe that adopting electric vehicles is a solution to the climate change crisis. Guided by academia and elitist groups such as the IPCC, the World Economic Forum, and the Club of Rome, our elected officials have embraced this panacea for our collective guilt.Unfortunately, the primary cause of climate change is the cyclical patterns in the Earth's orbital eccentricity, its tilt axis, and its rotational spin. Mankind is not responsible for creating these cycles; nor can mankind change them.The electric vehicle strategy is not only misguided-it is dangerous. As this book explains, the electric car strategy not only is gobbling up our resources, it ignores the Laws of Thermodynamics-it takes energy to make energy. The energy to charge an electric vehicle battery has to come from somewhere. There is no free lunch. This book includes the following topics:
Third Generation Photovoltaic Technology
Third-generation solar cells (SCs) are built on inorganic nanoparticles, hybrids, or semiconducting organic macromolecules. This book focuses on dye-sensitized solar cells, polymer/organic solar cells, copper/zinc/tin sulfide thin film cells, quantum dot solar cells and perovskite-based solar cells. Specific topics covered include device architecture, interface engineering, characterization, and fabrication techniques such as spin coating, blade coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, meniscus coating, spray coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing and electro deposition.
