Cancer
In 1961 John F. Kennedy pledged to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. Nine years later, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon. Ten years later, Richard Nixon echoed this pledge by declaring a 'war' on cancer. More than 50 years later, however, cancer remains one of the largest causes of death worldwide, with around 1 in 3 developing the disease. Curing cancer is not 'rocket science', but the question is, why has cancer proved to be harder to tackle than the moon landings turned out to be? Cancer research is a major economic activity. There are constant improvements in treatment techniques that result in better cure rates and increased quality and quantity of life for those with the disease, yet stories of breakthroughs in a cure for cancer are often in the media. In this Very Short Introduction Nick James examines the trends in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, as well as its economic consequences. Asking what cancer is and what causes it, he considers issues surrounding expensive drug development, what can be done to reduce the risk of developing cancer, and the use of complementary and alternative therapies. This edition includes a new chapter on the growing role of evolution theory in understanding cancer. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Advances in Orbital, Oculoplastic and Lacrimal Surgery
This Special issue focuses on current state-of-the-art orbital, oculoplastic, and lacrimal surgeries. It comprehensively covers various aspects, including orbital inflammatory conditions, orbital blowout fractures, fractures of the orbital walls, dacryoendoscopy, and thyroid eye disease, among others.
Nursing Care in the ICU
The ICU environment is challenging for both patients and staff. The management of critically ill patients is extremely demanding, and the workload and knowledge level required of staff are high. ICU nurses are responsible for the care and treatment of patients in an unstable and/or critical clinical state, assessment of therapies, and the performance of high-intensity interventions. ICU nursing practice includes crucial clinical decisions based on the best available scientific evidence, clinical experience, and patient preferences. ICU nurses carry out specific, autonomous, or complementary interventions of a technical-scientific, managerial, relational, and educational nature; plan healthcare assistance through scientifically validated tools; and identify, analyze, calculate, and treat risks related to care provision by systematically evaluating healthcare outcomes. This reprint consists of eleven chapters, including eight research reports, one review, and two case reports, and is dedicated to the valuable, hardworking, and respected ICU nursing staff.
Psychoactive Pharmacology
This incisive book offers an epidemiological study of road users' consumption of psychoactive substances in Nigeria. It examines psychoactive drug screening and the use of driving simulators to evaluate skills impairment after drinking alcoholic beverages. Portable electronic digital screening devices such as "Oral Screen," along with other screening devices were used to establish the prevalence of substances of abuse amongst road users in some selected cities in Nigeria. Blood, saliva, urine, and other biological fluids were screened. Skills impairment, characterized by unsafe driving actions based on the level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), was evaluated using a driving simulator. The findings were validated by application of a Field Impairment Test (FIT) or modified clinical test of impairment. The implication of the results on everyday highway utilization and the best approach for research into screening for psychoactive drugs are highlighted, along with several recommendations to enhance highway safety. Edeaghe Ehikhamenor is a senior lecturer at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, and the founder/national coordinator of Save Accident Victims Association of Nigeria (SAVAN) (www.savan.org). He has a bachelor of dental surgery (BDS), a master's in pharmacology, and a Ph.D. in pharmacology and toxicology from the University of Benin. He has extensive research experience on digital screening of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs with saliva and biological fluids to establish skills impairment on a driving simulator. Hope Obianwu is a professor of pharmacology and toxicology who has served as past dean of pharmacy at the University of Benin and the department head at Niger Delta University in Nigeria. He is on the editorial board of several national and international journals, and has mentored several Ph.D. and master's graduates in pharmacology.
Chemistry of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability
This reprint introduces the recent research progress made in the chemistry of materials for energy and environmental sustainability. The topics included cover rational designed composite electrode materials for energy storage, effective additives for promoting solar cells, powerful adsorbents for hazardous dyes in water, and versatile membranes for oil-water separation, among others.
Natural Health Sciences
Natural Health Sciences: A Comprehensive Guide serves as a valuable resource for both healthcare practitioners and business professionals, supporting ongoing professional development by bridging the gap between proponents of traditional or natural health systems and those who follow scientific or medical perspectives.
Coronaviruses
This reprint compiles thirty-two peer-reviewed articles that capture the broad landscape of COVID-19 research three years after the pandemic. Organized into six thematic sections-Epidemiology and Public Health Perspectives (7 papers: 1-7), Pathophysiology and Mechanistic Insights (9 papers: 8-16), Diagnostics and Detection Methods (7 papers: 17-23), Therapeutics and Clinical Management (5 papers: 24-28), Vaccines and Immunization Studies (2 papers: 29-30), and Long COVID and Future Directions (2 papers: 31-32)-these works address key scientific and clinical developments in viral evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and public health policies. Articles within these sections examine innovative diagnostics, therapeutic strategies, vaccine approaches, and the broader epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2. They also probe the long-term complications of infection and shed light on emerging directions for future research. By uniting diverse scientific perspectives, this reprint aims to support healthcare professionals, scientists, and policymakers seeking evidence-based solutions to mitigate the global burden of COVID-19.
Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease
This Special edition titled "Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease", offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative diagnostic approaches tailored to the complexities of oral and maxillofacial conditions. This edition features cutting-edge advancements in radiological techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide critical insights for precise disease localization and treatment planning. Non-invasive optical imaging and diagnostic tools are also highlighted, emphasizing their potential for early disease detection and monitoring treatment responses. Contributions on pathology and biopsy techniques underscore the pivotal role of histopathological analysis in confirming diagnoses, with a focus on improving tissue sampling accuracy and reliability. The integration of molecular diagnostics showcases the transformative impact of genetic and molecular markers in early-stage disease detection and personalized treatment strategies. A key emphasis is placed on prognostic assessments, particularly the identification of biomarkers linked to disease progression and treatment efficacy. By synthesizing these advancements, this Special Issue bridges the gap between cutting-edge research and clinical application, serving as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field.
Zone therapy; or, Relieving pain at home
Zone therapy; or, Relieving pain at home" is a classic book, that has held significant value throughout history, and to ensure its timeless wisdom is never lost, Alpha Editions has carefully preserved it by republishing it in a modern, accessible format for both present and future generations. Thoughtfully reformatted, retyped, and newly designed, this edition offers a clear and readable text-free from scanned copies of the original work. Alpha Editions is dedicated to breathing new life into antique and classic books, making these literary treasures available once again for readers who cherish history, culture, and timeless knowledge.
An Account of the Extraordinary Medicinal Fluid, called Aether.
An Account of the Extraordinary Medicinal Fluid, called Aether." is a classic book, that has held significant value throughout history, and to ensure its timeless wisdom is never lost, Alpha Editions has carefully preserved it by republishing it in a modern, accessible format for both present and future generations. Thoughtfully reformatted, retyped, and newly designed, this edition offers a clear and readable text-free from scanned copies of the original work. Alpha Editions is dedicated to breathing new life into antique and classic books, making these literary treasures available once again for readers who cherish history, culture, and timeless knowledge.
The Sweating Sickness in England
The Sweating Sickness in England" is a classic book, that has held significant value throughout history, and to ensure its timeless wisdom is never lost, Alpha Editions has carefully preserved it by republishing it in a modern, accessible format for both present and future generations. Thoughtfully reformatted, retyped, and newly designed, this edition offers a clear and readable text-free from scanned copies of the original work. Alpha Editions is dedicated to breathing new life into antique and classic books, making these literary treasures available once again for readers who cherish history, culture, and timeless knowledge.
Swat the Fly!
Swat the Fly!: A One-Act Fantasy" is a classic book, that has held significant value throughout history, and to ensure its timeless wisdom is never lost, Alpha Editions has carefully preserved it by republishing it in a modern, accessible format for both present and future generations. Thoughtfully reformatted, retyped, and newly designed, this edition offers a clear and readable text-free from scanned copies of the original work. Alpha Editions is dedicated to breathing new life into antique and classic books, making these literary treasures available once again for readers who cherish history, culture, and timeless knowledge.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Environmental Health
This reprint comprises 11 articles addressing diverse aspects of the environmental dimension of AMR. It provides a comprehensive update on antimicrobial resistance and environmental health. One article reviewed the impact of tetracycline pollution on AMR in the environment and its ripple effect on ecological and human health. The authors further evaluated possible remediation strategies for tetracycline-polluted environments. If not addressed, environmental antimicrobial pollution could lead to the development of new AMR traits and the evolution of already existing ones in different environmental matrices, as reviewed by another chapter in this volume. Two articles address the presence and transmission of AMR fomites in households and vegetables in farms. Still focusing on unconventional environmental settings, one article provides a perspective on elucidating the role of bioaerosols on AMR transmission. Two other articles discuss AMR in wastewater, one in clinical and community settings, and the other reviewed wastewater AMR in Africa while pointing out the knowledge gaps and suggesting a future perspective for the successful application of the wastewater-based epidemiology of AMR. Two articles used genomic approaches to provide insight into environmental AMR, including in the marine environment. Finally, one article proposed a community-focused framework measuring One Health drivers of AMR as an approach to promote building "antibiotic-smart communities".
Symptoms in the Pharmacy
Community pharmacies are often the first source for information and advice when health problems arise. Increasingly patients are being referred to pharmacists by other health care professionals through Pharmacy First and similar schemes. This book presents a decision-making framework along with 'red flags', 'when to refer' and evidence-based treatment recommendations. A unique feature is that case studies appear throughout, in which pharmacists, doctors, nurses and patients describe assessment and treatment of a wide range of common problems. Highlights of this substantially updated Tenth edition are: The addition of seven major sections covering the initial Pharmacy First scheme in England: acute otitis media (AOM); impetigo; infected insect bites; shingles; acute sinusitis; sore throat; and uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. A changed book title to reflect the increasing remit of community pharmacy in disease prevention, with extended content on topics such as blood pressure measurement and shingles vaccination. 'The consultation' expanded in a new chapter, including decisions about supplying antibiotics with a suggested framework to reflect antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacy continuation of contraceptive pills and the Pharmacy Contraception service. Revisited and updated information on COVID-19 and long-COVID in the light of the transition of COVID-19 to an endemic state. Practicing and Foundation trainee pharmacists, as well as undergraduate pharmacy students and many other healthcare professionals, will find Symptoms in the Pharmacy: A Guide to the Management of Common Illnesses and Disease Prevention invaluable.
Brain Tumor Microenvironment
This Special Issue explores the brain tumor microenvironment, a complex interplay crucial for tumor behavior. We aim to achieve the following: characterize tumor microenvironment features; investigate cell-environment interactions; identify novel therapeutic targets; understand the role of extracellular vesicles; develop and validate preclinical models; and integrate advanced imaging. Gliomas, like glioblastoma, pose significant challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to therapies. By understanding the microenvironment, we can develop more effective treatments, improve patient outcomes, and advance our understanding of tumor biology. This Special Issue is for neuroscientists, oncologists, radiologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and researchers. This work builds upon research emphasizing the heterogeneity of the brain tumor microenvironment, the importance of patient-derived models, the role of extracellular vesicles in tumor progression, and the potential of artificial intelligence. By exploring these intricate interactions, we can unlock new avenues for therapeutic intervention and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing
The Healthy Ageing Challenge aims for people to enjoy at least five extra healthy independent years of life by 2035 while narrowing the gap between the experiences of the richest and poorest. Regular physical activity is important for healthy ageing, not only for maintaining health in midlife but also for maintaining health, independence, and quality of life as people become older. Global physical activity guidelines highlight the benefits and importance of helping adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity participation throughout the course of life and not only in later life, and interventions and activities that support this aspiration are so important. As experienced researchers, Professor Andy Pringle and Dr Nicky Kime's text, Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing, features contributions reporting the impact and implementation of physical activity interventions for adults and older adults, as well as the experiences of performing research and evaluation in this context in a diverse range of projects.
Nanocarriers-Based Antimicrobial Drug Delivery
This reprint, titled Nanocarriers-Based Antimicrobial Drug Delivery, presents original research on the topic of enhancing antimicrobial activity through drug conjugation to inorganic nanoparticles and nanosization for applications across various fields, including dental and dermatological care. This reprint also examines a range of polymeric and inorganic nanocarrier formulations aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of established antimicrobial agents such as gentamicin and amphotericin.
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging in Various Diseases
Diagnostic and interventional imaging is the main tool in the management of complex cases in various medical and surgical domains such as neonatology, neurology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, dentistry, gynecology, and urology.
Therapeutic Radionuclides in Nuclear Medicine
Dear Colleagues, Recently, the theranostic principle has been used with tumor receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals containing therapeutic nuclides, such as 161Tb, 177Lu, 188Re, 212Pb, and 225Ac. The production mode, availability, and costs of radionuclides have a significant impact on their clinical use and are often bottlenecks for broader applications. Therefore, cyclotron-produced neutrons could open a new era for producing relevant radionuclides. The identification of tumor-specific binding sites, the development of tumor-addressing conjugates, opportunities for enhanced target enrichment, and the protection of critical organs define the potential of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The combination of radiotherapeutics with other pharmaceuticals to modulate the target or repair systems exploits synergistic effects. Combining radiotherapeutics with the body's immune system or immunotherapeutics raises hopes for immunization against cancer and could explain the success of targeted alpha therapy vs. targeted beta therapy. This reprint is dedicated to nuclear oncologists, health physicists, radiopharmacists, radiochemists, radiobiologists, and all other oncologists. We thank all our colleagues and would like to express our respect for their contributions to this reprint.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
This reprint explores diverse dimensions of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), integrating cutting-edge research across clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial domains. It highlights innovative approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of ADHD, offering a comprehensive perspective on this complex condition. The collection includes studies on psychotic-like experiences in ADHD, elucidating mechanisms such as rumination, trauma, and negative affect. The Creative Awareness Theory presents a novel perspective on inherent self-regulation among individuals with ADHD. Diagnostic advancements are represented by the Distractor-Embedded Auditory Continuous Performance Test, an objective tool that addresses challenges in ADHD assessment. Neurodevelopmental impairments are further explored in psychosomatic patients, while the "push-pull" mechanism of attention and emotion in children provides insights into behavioural dynamics. The prevalence and correlates of ADHD in adults with multiple sclerosis, as well as the link between ADHD and dyslipidaemia, highlight co-occurring conditions and their implications. Additional studies address the systematic stimulation of executive functions in ADHD populations, risks of premature discontinuation in opioid withdrawal treatment, and the development of female-specific ADHD treatment programmes. Predictive tools, such as a nomogram for identifying ADHD and ASD in child and adolescent mental health services, round out this multidisciplinary examination. This Special Issue serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and practitioners aiming to advance the understanding and management of ADHD.
Patient Safety in Developing Countries
Understanding the various aspects of patient safety education, practice, and research in developing countries is vital in preparing a plan to overcome the challenges of improving patient safety. This unique volume discusses patient safety in developing countries, and the achievements and challenges faced in those places when trying to improve patient safety education and practice.This book includes a compilation of over 100 case studies surrounding patient safety in all aspects of health care. Both real and simulated scenarios are provided to help medical students and professionals apply their knowledge to solve the cases and prepare for real practice.Features Describes the achievements and challenges of patient safety in developing countries Includes real and simulated case studies and key answers on patient safety issues Prepares medical students and practitioners for real-life situations Diverse audience including those in medication to safety testing, patient education, dispensing changes, and the design of health systems Aids medical students and practitioners to improve their skills to solve cases
Perioperative Medicine
In recent years anesthesiologists have developed a more active role in the entire peri-operative period-from the decision for surgery, through recovery, discharge and beyond. In addition, the core training curriculum of anesthesiology has changed significantly to now include many non-operating room anesthesia rotations.General anesthesiology texts include varying degrees of perioperative management information, and a few titles are devoted specifically to the area. However, none combines a problem-based approach with review questions and answers with explanations. Following the format of the Anesthesiology Problem-Based Learning Approach series, each chapter in Perioperative Medicine describes a specific condition or situation and a virtual case presented through a series of questions and answers. With 48 chapters covering a broad array of conundrums encountered in clinical perioperative medicine, the text focuses on preoperative optimization of patients with different comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, substance use disorder, and anemia. Sections on how to choose preoperative tests, medication management, and handling ethical issues, like informed consent, DNR, and uncomfortable conversations with patients, are discussed in detail. Perioperative Medicine: A Problem-Based Learning Approach provides an up-to-date compendium of topics commonly presenting in daily practice and serves as a unique learning opportunity for the busy perioperative clinician approaching a new case and for clinicians in training who need to learn the basics.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obesity and Hypertension
This Special Issue focuses on the prevalence of obesity and hypertension, shedding light on several critical aspects of these conditions. It underscores the profound effects of obesity and sedentary lifestyles on metabolic and cardiovascular health, highlighting the alarming disparities in obesity rates among adolescents. Furthermore, it examines the cardiovascular risk factors that have emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to public health strategies.
A Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Merlin G. Butler's Retirement
This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences is dedicated to Professor Merlin G. Butler, in recognition of his retirement and to commemorate his substantial contributions to the field of genetics and genomics-driven medical care. Dr. Butler has been a pioneer in the expansion of our understanding of how genetics can help inform healthcare professionals regarding individuals with neurodevelopmental syndromes and conditions. This commemorative Special Issue focuses on original research and review articles evaluating innovative molecular and computational approaches for studying the mechanisms underlying the expression and development of both common and rare genetic conditions.
Designing Next-Generation Drug-Like Molecules for Medicinal Applications
The development of new drugs/drug candidates for medical treatment remains an exciting but challenging process as only a limited number of synthetic compounds fit well into the discovery and development process after multiple experimentation and screening efforts in search of their preclinical properties. Over the years, this continuous demand has been fueled by the use of organic/synthetic chemistry protocols that deliver new molecules or improve the existing toolbox diversifying libraries of pharmacophores of medicinal interest. The application of new methodologies particularly employing green and sustainable commercial feedstock chemicals for the discovery and development of biological therapeutics opens up new avenues of research. In parallel, the discovery and development of new organic molecules have always proved effective in designing drugs while overcoming critical challenges to the pharmaceutical industry and providing innovative solutions toward commercialized medicines. This reprint aims to provide a far-reaching overview of the most recent developments in synthetic methodologies as well as medicinal chemistry applications of small-molecule inhibitors.
Neglected and Underutilized Crops
This book comprehensively explores the potential of neglected and underutilized crops in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. It covers crop relevance in disease management, bioavailability, and therapeutic applications. The book is valuable for scientists and researchers in agriculture, biochemistry, nutrition, and medicine.
Quality Assurance
"Quality Assurance" is the quintessential guidebook for those seeking to understand the ins and outs of quality control and assurance in the pharmaceutical industry. From cGMP to regulatory affairs, this book covers everything you need to know to ensure that your products meet the highest possible standards. With a focus on key aspects such as documentation and quality certifications, this book is an essential resource for students, professionals, and anyone seeking to improve their understanding of QA and QC departments. By the end of this course, readers will be equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to build a successful career in the pharmaceutical industry, and to ensure that their products are of the highest possible quality.
Quality Control of Herbal Drugs
"Quality Control of herbal Drugs: Standardisation and Regulations" offers a comprehensive guide to navigating the complexities of this industry.This book answers a multitude of important questions, such as: What are the different categories of herbal products? How do traditional AYUSH products differ from modern herbal products? What are the guidelines and regulations concerning the quality, safety, toxicity, and efficacy of AYUSH products, herbal drugs, and derived products?Furthermore, the book explores the process of standardizing herbal products, outlining the requirements for establishing a successful herbal industry. It also delves into the necessity of conducting preclinical and clinical studies for herbal products, shedding light on the importance of evidence-based practices."Quality Control of herbal Drugs: Standardisation and Regulations" provide practical insights into herbal entrepreneurship, but it also explores how herbal products are regulated in various countries. With the inclusion of QR codes after each chapter, readers can easily access additional supportive knowledge to enrich their understanding of the subject.Whether you are a researcher, practitioner, entrepreneur, or simply interested in the world of herbal medicine, this book is an essential resource for understanding the intricacies of quality control, standardization, and regulations in the herbal industry.
Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics
Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics is an indispensable guide that connects the dots between pathophysiology, pharmacology and clinical application of drugs. Perfectly suited for pharmacy students and academic professionals, this book provides a recent and updated overview of pharmacotherapy in easy-to-understand language. The book is a perfect blend of reference and examination-oriented material. But the highlight of the book lies in the incorporation of various case studies at the end of each chapter, allowing students to apply theoretical concepts to real-life scenarios. This comprehensive text of therapeutics contains lucid language, diagrams, flowcharts and tables wherever necessary, making it highly accessible to students of all levels. Although the book has been carefully researched, the effectiveness of any therapy may vary based on clinical examinations and individual sensitivities. The book is a great resource for anyone looking to understand the fundamentals of pharmacotherapy of diseases and is an enthusiastic effort to provide a complete understanding of the field.
Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques
"Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis Techniques" is the complete guidebook for M. Pharmacy students who want to master spectroscopic methods of structure determination. This book serves as a primary textbook covering advanced analytical techniques for drug discovery, development, and stability studies, among other significant aspects. With its emphasis on essential theoretical concepts and practical applications, it offers a thorough understanding of each spectroscopic technique and its related tests. This book comprises twelve chapters divided into six units that systematically present the theoretical aspects and instrumentation of each technique. Students will benefit from the author's teaching expertise, and the clear explanations and examples that make the book easily accessible. The author has also included a range of questions to support students in mastering spectroscopic problem-solving skills. "Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques" is a must-read for anyone seeking solid support for drug discovery, development, stability studies, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic studies. This book covers the complete syllabus prescribed by the Pharmacy Council of India.
