A Medical Educator’s Guide to Thinking Critically about Randomised Controlled Trials: Deconstructing the Gold Standard
Drawing on the statistical and philosophical expertise of its authors, this book is designed to improve understanding and use of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) among health professionals. It is intended for use primarily by medical educators involved in teaching statistics and evidence-based medicine (EBM) to medical students, junior doctors and other health professionals. However, each of the chapters serves a wider range of interests, including the practical needs of physicians in interpreting research evidence to support clinical decision making and the teaching needs of philosophers of medicine who want to more fully appreciate how RCTs work in practice and provide engaging examples for their students. Rather than compete with the proliferating methodological literature on RCT designs, this book focuses on cultivating a healthy skepticism among developing health professionals to support critical appraisal of their own and published work on RCTs at a fundamental level, including through a more informed understanding of the place of subgroup analyses in sound statistical inference. Management of the positive predictive value in the statistical analysis of RCT findings is included as an important topic for contemporary medical curricula. In comparing RCTs with non-randomised studies, a search for empirical evidence for the superiority of RCTs is initiated, pointing to the need for further work to confirm what form this evidence should take.Medical educators will find a wealth of reasons to encourage their students to think more critically about how the RCT operates in practice as a gold standard.
Old Protein, New Medicine - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
As a member of the protein family known as neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in supporting healthy brain function, which includes synaptic plasticity, cellular differentiation, learning, and the survival of nerve cells. Neuronal plasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and respond to environmental conditions, involving various structural and functional mechanisms that can lead to changes in neural circuits, the formation of new synapses, and the generation of fresh neurons. BDNF has emerged as a significant regulator of neuronal plasticity. It is worth noting that the pathophysiological processes underlying central nervous system disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, are influenced by BDNF. Due to its robust neuroprotective properties and recently discovered anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics, BDNF has long been considered a potential candidate for preventing neurodegeneration. In the context of autism spectrum disorder, BDNF holds great promise as a central focus for therapeutic efforts. Its significance extends to the field of spinal cord injury, where it assumes a multifaceted role in the intricate pathophysiological processes at play. BDNF functions as a catalyst for the growth of axons, a crucial step in the restoration of the nervous system following damage. In the context of sepsis, research into the potential of BDNF's anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate organ damage is quite noteworthy. Additionally, current findings suggest that combining exercise with vitamin D may offer a promising approach to increase BDNF levels and improve brain health. This book presents comprehensive information on BDNF and its role in promoting neuroprotection. The chapters offer insights into recent developments, molecular principles, and innovative therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders and brain health.
Viral Replication Cycle - From Pathogenesis and Immune Response to Diagnosis and Therapy
Viruses pose a huge burden on public health systems and the economy worldwide. In the case of humans, viruses make up about two-thirds of all new human pathogens. Both DNA and RNA viruses can cause acute, persistent, or latent infections, as they can integrate their genome into the host DNA, such as the endogenous retroviruses, which can be associated with a wide variety of cancers in animals and humans. In recent years, viruses have emerged not only as a health threat but also as a potential alternative for producing new diagnostic tools as well as prophylactic/therapeutic approaches to defeat viral diseases. This book provides a broadly comprehensive series of reviews describing the replication strategies used for both DNA and RNA viruses, their interaction with the host immune system, and their potential role in tumorigenicity and cancer immunotherapy as applied to various viruses of critical relevance for human or animal diseases.
Human Leukocyte Antigens - Updates and Advances
Our understanding of immunogenetics is growing rapidly with new and exciting developments in all fields. This book provides a comprehensive overview of transplantation immunogenetics. Chapters address such topics as immune tolerance, human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and transplantation, immunity and viral epidemics, and more.
Population Genetics - From DNA to Evolutionary Biology
This book examines the importance of DNA molecules as fundamental genomic elements in different types of organisms. In recent years, a wide range of tools and techniques have become available to investigate the versatility of genomic variabilities, exchanges, and differentiations. This book presents data and information from population genetics and evolutionary biology, making it a useful resource for scientists worldwide.
Advancements in Synovial Joint Science - Structure, Function, and Beyond
Advancements in Synovial Joint Science - Structure, Function, and Beyond is a groundbreaking exploration into the fascinating world of synovial joints, offering a comprehensive look at the latest research, innovations, and therapeutic strategies shaping the field. Expertly edited and written by leading figures in orthopedics and biomedical research, this volume dives deep into the biomechanics, pathology, and cutting-edge treatments associated with joint health. It seamlessly blends detailed scientific insights with practical clinical applications, making it an invaluable resource for professionals and students alike. With its holistic approach, readers gain not only a thorough understanding of current knowledge but also insights into future research directions.
Advances in Genetic Polymorphisms
The field of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis has undergone impressive advancement, mainly due to the advent of modern high-throughput genotyping technologies and the emergence of innovative algorithms and computational methods, leading to exciting applications in human health. This book presents fundamental and recent aspects of SNP analysis techniques and applications in the new era of precision medicine. It includes six chapters that discuss a panoply of advanced aspects related to the clinical relevance of SNP analysis in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values in human health.
Probing Selected Autoimmune Diseases for Focused Perspectives
The book Probing Selected Autoimmune Diseases for Focused Perspectives provides an in-depth exploration of complex autoimmune disease landscapes, encompassing conditions such as myasthenia gravis, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, Buerger's disease, and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Structured into six informative chapters, it initially delves into the delicate equilibrium between immune tolerance and defense, revealing the triggers of autoimmune reactions. Tailored for clinicians, researchers, scientists, and advanced students, particularly those involved in master's, Ph.D., or MD-Ph.D. programs in immunology and immunopathology, this work delivers valuable insights applicable to clinical practice and various medical disciplines.
Thalassemia Syndromes - New Insights and Transfusion Modalities
The thalassemia syndromes are a diverse group of hereditary anemias caused by decreased or absent production of one type of globin chain. Genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and newborn screening are all issues of importance in these inherited disorders. This book provides a comprehensive overview of thalassemia, including information on its mechanisms and treatment modalities. Chapters elucidate the mechanism of disordered synthesis of hemoglobin in thalassemia and present recent studies of the genetic mechanisms that underlie this abnormal biosynthetic process.
Thirty Years since the Discovery of Toll-Like Receptors
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have attracted interest due to their role in detecting pathogens and regulating the pro-inflammatory immune response. To date, 10 functional TLRs (TLR1-10) have been detected in humans. These TLRs control diverse immunological and embryonic development processes to maintain immune homeostasis and healthy fetal growth and development. They recognize diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and death/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to maintain immune homeostasis via regulating diverse immunological processes. This book discusses TLRs from their evolution to immunological functions governing infection and inflammation pathogenesis, cancer immunology, and their interactions with other pro-inflammatory molecules generated during inflammation pathogenesis. It is a must-read for researchers interested in TLR biology and the role of TLRs in infection, immunity, and cancer.
Salmonella - Perspectives for Low-Cost Prevention, Control and Treatment
Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that causes infections in humans and animals, making it one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Since its discovery in the late 1800s, significant progress has been made in the understanding of its genetics, classification, pathogenesis, detection, prevention, control, and treatment. Numerous reviews and chapters on Salmonella have been published, but some gaps remain to be addressed. This book includes seven chapters that focus on the low-cost prevention, control, and treatment of salmonellosis in developing countries. It begins with a brief review of Salmonella, followed by chapters on the transmission of the organism in food and companion animals relevant to the One Health approach, CRISPR-Cas systems in Salmonella for pathogen typing in diagnosis and surveillance, the low-cost control of Salmonella using solar disinfection of water in resource-limiting communities, and transmission and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella across the One Health sector. This book also introduces a new concept of AMR reversal using traditional Chinese medicine. The information provided in this book will encourage Salmonella researchers, medical professionals, and students to further enhance their own research and education as well as encourage new researchers to include Salmonella in their future research initiatives.
Cytotoxicity - Understanding Cellular Damage and Response
In the dynamic world of cellular biology, the intricate dance of life and death plays out through the lens of cytotoxicity. Delve deep into cellular responses' mysteries, where threats and defenses wage a microscopic war, influencing the broader landscape of health and disease. This authoritative volume on cytotoxicity encapsulates the breadth and depth of current knowledge, illuminating pathways that have been meticulously charted and those yet to be discovered. Each chapter, penned by experts in the field, unveils the molecular intricacies, external triggers, and translational potential of understanding cellular damage. Key Highlights: -Comprehensive explorations of molecular mechanisms -Cutting-edge methodologies in cytotoxic research -Insight into the profound implications for drug development and disease therapeutics Whether you are a seasoned researcher, an aspiring scientist, or an avid learner, this book promises to challenge, enlighten, and inspire. As the boundary between known territories and uncharted frontiers blurs, Cytotoxicity - Understanding Cellular Damage and Response is your definitive guide to a world where cellular responses hold the keys to groundbreaking discoveries. This book is an indispensable resource for anyone eager to navigate the complexities of cell damage and defense. Join us on a journey into the cellular realm, where every page turns a new chapter in understanding, innovation, and hope.
Topics in Autonomic Nervous System
The nervous system is an essential component of the human body and is divided into two main systems: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord and acts as the command center of the organism. The PNS is a network of nerves that extends from the spinal cord throughout the body and regulates both voluntary and involuntary movements, such as digestion, heart rate, breathing, and body temperature. Within the PNS, there are two subdivisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic system operates automatically and regulates essential involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It is further divided into two branches, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis. Alterations in the autonomic nervous system can lead to various diseases, as these two branches play a crucial role in regulating the organs and systems of the body. For example, an imbalance in the sympathetic system can result in excessive heart rate and blood pressure, while a dysfunction in the parasympathetic system can lead to digestive problems. Therefore, understanding its divisions and functions is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this system and its functions.
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis, Research, and Therapy of a Granulomatous Disease
Sarcoidosis is a generalized, systemic, and specific granulomatous disease involving many organs and systems. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is challenging, especially when mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs are not affected. The symptoms of sarcoidosis depend on its location. Differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis among the other specific granulomatous diseases is difficult, particularly with tuberculosis on biopsy. The etiology of sarcoidosis is still unknown, but this book offers insights and explanations. It also presents guidelines for treatment.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) importance in Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes is one of the major degenerative diseases in the world, at present, 422 million adults are affected with diabetes, and 3.7 million deaths are caused due to diabetes and its co-morbid conditions. India poses second place in global diabetes prevalence next to China according to the World Health Organization report. For every 11 in 1 person is diagnosed with diabetes. The study aims to develop new food products to reduce diabetes mellitus and familiarize the developed product to the diabetic community through proper dietary intervention.
Hydrogen Sulfide, Iodobromic and Sand Baths for Immunogenesis
The immune system is one of the body's most important structures, ensuring its safety and integrity throughout the life of the microorganism. It is well known that secondary immunodeficiency is formed in infectious, surgical, somatic, and many other pathologies requiring adequate measures. Correlation of immunodeficiency conditions is carried out, as a rule, with medicinal products of plant, animal origin or preparations of synthetic nature. In addition to medications, various physical factors are used to restore disorders in the immune system, such as laser, ultrasound radiation, and electroactivated aqueous solutions. Mineral waters and hot sand (psammotherapy) are used in the honor of preventive and therapeutic agents for many diseases. At the same time, there are practically no works in the available literature devoted to an in-depth study of the effect of mineral waters, and hot sands (psammotherapy) on the hematopoietic and immune systems of the body in normal and immunodeficient conditions. The monograph is intended for use by independent researchers, basic doctoral students, research interns, master's and bachelor's students, as well as professionals.
Management of Tmj Ankylosis
This book is about Temporomandibular joint Ankylosis, discussing in a very simple language all its causes and management. Temporomandibular Joint is a very complex structure and students often find it hard to study. This book covers the history, causes, features, treatment, management and complications related to temporomandibular joint ankylosis and all other necessary information about it, making it simple and convenient for the reader to study and understand the topic.
Dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease
CKD is associated with a qualitative and quantitative alteration of lipoprotein metabolism in the body, responsible for a highly atherogenic lipid profile, and these disturbances are present from the early stage of CKD.The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid profile of patients and the impact of dyslipidemia during the course of CKD.The lipid profile of CKD patients in Guinea is characterized by mixed dyslipidemia, which is associated with an increased incidence of VCC and mortality. Treatment of dyslipidemia and strict control of other VCDs would improve the renal and cardiovascular prognosis of these patients, leading to a better quality of life.
Neuro SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Purpose of the book. SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed 7 million people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 was initially considered as a respiratory pathology. However, it turned out that SARS-CoV-2 causes Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS), which the authors Irina Vasilieva, Maria Vasilieva & Ilie Vasiliev (2023) wrote in the book "Molecular pathological biology of Coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2" published in the UK [1]. The described as the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) [2,3] as well as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A) [4], in the context of the global community [5], of SARS-CoV-2 confirms polysystemic, with multi-inflammation of many other organs, affecting the lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract and others.
Vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer is a rare condition, accounting for 4% of gynecological cancers and less than 1% of all female cancers.We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 30 observations of vulvar cancer collected in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Monastir over a period of 16 years. The objectives were to describe the epidemiologic-clinical profile and specify the therapeutic modalities of vulvar cancer.The average age of patients was 70 years. The average delay to consultation was 7 months. Clinical symptoms were dominated by pruritus and the perception of a vulvar tumour. Ulcerative-bourgeous forms accounted for 50% of cases. Multifocal involvement was the most frequent, with a mean size of 4 cm.Overall survival at 5 years was 72.2%.Preventing vulvar cancer through early detection of at-risk groups and precancerous lesions remains the best way of combating this disease.
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Given their prevalence and morbidity, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem. STIs are diverse in their etiology and polymorphous in their symptomatological manifestations. Indeed, alongside classic STIs such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, syphilis, genital herpes and genital warts, other STIs (lymphogranulomatosis venereum, Ebola virus disease, chikungunya, monkeypox) have re-emerged or emerged in recent years.The effective and efficient management of STIs must be holistic, based on a normative framework involving all healthcare professionals
Planning & Designing Health Care Facilities in Developing Countries
Building a clinically integrated workplace with a high level of clinical competence requires careful considerations of Hospital Planning. For greenfield or brownfield hospital projects, clinicians and C-Suite executives need to acquire capabilities to address the planning needs of any organization. This book aims to provide both theoretical and practical inputs for the Planning & Designing of Health Care Facilities in Developing Countries. It clearly indicates the steps to be followed, facts to be weighed, and components to be considered to arrive at a correct planning solution. With health reform looming and the revenue base shifting rapidly, we need to integrate patient safety concerns in the design process. Key Features- Liberal use of tables and figures to support conclusions, illustrate concepts, and display quantitative information, making it easier for readers to understand and refer to large quantities of data- Integrates the international norms for planning and designing health care facilities into the developing country setting- Handbook and ready reckoner for C-Suite executives, hospital engineers, project consultants, and hospital administration students
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a method of renal replacement with proven efficacy, offering a useful alternative to hemodialysis and renal transplantation in the treatment of end-stage chronic renal failure. It is an extra-renal purification technique based on the principle of exchange, through a semi-permeable peritoneal membrane, of solutes according to a concentration gradient, and of solvent according to a depression gradient. The two therapeutic modalities are continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), with their variants. Functional explorations of the peritoneum and criteria for adequate dialysis make it possible to adapt the treatment modality according to residual renal function, the degree of permeability of the peritoneal membrane and to verify the quality of treatment in order to reduce morbidity. Complications are dominated by peritoneal infections, catheter malfunction and loss of ultrafiltration, which may necessitate transfer to hemodialysis.
Electrooculographic Neuroacoustics
Electrooculographic Neuroacoustics" by Dr. Terence Hammond is a groundbreaking exploration of the integration of electrooculography (EOG) and neuroacoustics, offering a comprehensive overview of their fundamentals, applications in clinical and research settings, and future possibilities. With in-depth explanations, case studies, and discussions on challenges and ethical considerations, this textbook serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in advancing our understanding of neural processes and auditory perception.
The Role of CT Scans in Fighting Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer, a formidable foe threatening the swallowing tube, demands a multi-pronged attack. In this battle, "The Role of CT Scans in Fighting Esophageal Cancer" highlights a crucial weapon: computed tomography (CT) scans. Imagine possessing a detailed map of the esophagus, revealing the tumor's location, size, and potential spread. CT scans, utilizing X-rays to generate intricate cross-sectional images, offer this invaluable intel. Here's how CT scans empower the fight: - Early Detection: These scans can identify even small tumors, potentially leading to earlier intervention and improved prognoses. - Accurate Staging: By visualizing cancer spread to surrounding tissues and lymph nodes, CT scans guide crucial staging decisions, impacting treatment plans. - Treatment Planning: Detailed CT scans provide a roadmap for surgeons and radiation oncologists, enabling precise targeting and maximizing treatment effectiveness. - Monitoring Progress: Follow-up CT scans can track a patient's response to treatment, allowing adjustments if necessary. However, CT scans are not without limitations: - Radiation Exposure: While minimal, repeated scans carry a small risk of radiation exposure. - Distinguishing Features: Differentiating between benign and malignant tumors solely through CT scans can be challenging, necessitating additional tests. Despite these limitations, CT scans remain an indispensable tool in the fight against esophageal cancer. Their ability to provide a comprehensive view of the esophagus empowers physicians to make informed decisions, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes. As CT technology advances, with reduced radiation exposure and enhanced image clarity, its role in this battle will only become more prominent.
Your Body, Your Health Care
People are growing increasingly frustrated with the loss of control over their health care decisions and health care dollars. That is because the government has usurped almost all health care decisionmaking authority. The patient-practitioner relationship has, in recent decades, been ruled by "informed consent." But this ethos is absent when it comes to the government asserting authority over adults' health decisions. For example, policymakers decide what kinds of health professionals you may consult; what medicines you can purchase and under which circumstances; and what substances you can ingest or activities you can engage in by banning them. In Your Body, Your Health Care, Jeffrey A. Singer provides a principled vision of how a free society should approach health care policy and lays a philosophical foundation for the relationship between patients, the health care system, and the state--a relationship that respects the sovereignty of adults as autonomous individuals with moral agency. Through examples such as prescription requirements, access to harm reduction techniques, licensing laws across disciplines, and health facility approval rules, this book offers ways to make the state's treatment of health care more respectful of individual rights and autonomy. Written by a longtime physician who is a cog in the health care system, Your Body, Your Health Care validates the people's grievances and argues for putting patients back in charge.
The Mystery of the Dancing Plague
The human body is a marvel of intricate systems, and the brain, the conductor of this orchestra, remains an enigma. Throughout history, we've encountered neurological anomalies that defied explanation, leaving behind tales of mass hysteria and supernatural intervention. One such perplexing episode was the Dancing Plague of 1518, a bizarre outbreak that gripped Strasbourg, France. A City in Chaos: In July 1518, a woman named Frau Troffea began exhibiting erratic movements, uncontrollable twitching, and an overwhelming urge to dance. This wasn't a celebratory jig; it was a frantic, relentless dance that consumed her for days. Within a week, dozens of others, predominantly women, succumbed to the same compulsion. Soon, hundreds were dancing uncontrollably in the streets, their bodies wracked with exhaustion but unable to stop. Supernatural Theories and Desperate Measures: Panic gripped Strasbourg. Religious authorities declared it a divine punishment, urging repentance and pilgrimages. Doctors, lacking scientific understanding, prescribed purging and bloodletting, further weakening the already-stricken populace. Desperate townsfolk believed the dancing was caused by a curse or demonic possession, leading to bizarre "cures" like playing loud music or whipping the afflicted.
The Race Against Time
The once-miraculous power of antibiotics faces a formidable foe: "antibiotic resistance." Bacteria are evolving at an alarming rate, rendering these life-saving drugs ineffective. This isn't just a medical concern; it's a global race against time. Imagine a future where a simple cut could lead to a life-threatening infection. This isn't science fiction. As bacteria become resistant to mainstream antibiotics, treating even common infections becomes a challenge. Doctors are forced to rely on stronger, more expensive drugs with potentially severe side effects. The consequences of inaction are dire: - Increased Mortality: Untreatable infections can lead to a rise in deaths from once-manageable conditions. - Strained Healthcare Systems: Treating resistant infections is more complex and resource-intensive, overloading healthcare systems. - Economic Burden: The global cost of antibiotic resistance is staggering, impacting individual patients, healthcare institutions, and national economies. To win this race, a multi-pronged approach is crucial. First, promoting responsible antibiotic use, both in human medicine and animal agriculture, is essential. Second, fostering research and development of new antibiotic classes is vital to stay ahead of evolving bacteria. Finally, public awareness campaigns can empower individuals to adopt good hygiene practices and complete antibiotic regimens as prescribed. Time is of the essence. By acting now, we can curb the spread of antibiotic resistance and ensure these life-saving drugs remain effective for generations to come. This is a global race, and the finish line is a healthier future for all.
Make America Healthy Again
Doctors today employ better diagnostic procedures and innovative surgical procedures, such as the use of robots. While this generally improves care, it drives up costs. Meanwhile, the price of a medical education is rising exponentially, and the time required for training continues to increase. If you want to become a doctor, you must go through four years of expensive medical school after college-and then it's on to residency and fellowship training, which can last anywhere from three to ten years. Due to changes in reimbursement and a rise in the number of employed physicians in practice, the financial rewards of pursuing a career in medicine are diminishing. Charles Antinori, MD, FACS, who recently retired after a half century doing surgery, takes a detailed look at the American health care system, including where it's coming up short. He concludes that surgery is a very satisfying discipline, even though it involves long hours and hard work. In Make America Healthy Again, he recounts his experiences, many of which are humorous, and shares recommendations that could improve the health care system and pave the way for more Americans to enjoy good health.
Innovation & Ethical Landscapes in Clinical Research
In "Innovation & Ethical Landscapes in Clinical Research," Dr. GIRIJA KUMARI delves into the intricate balance between innovation in medical advancements and the ethical considerations that safeguard human dignity and welfare. The book opens with a foundational discussion on the role of medicines in enhancing health and well-being, underscoring the risks involved in clinical trials and the ethical obligation to minimize harm. Innovations in ethical oversight, such as ethics committees and data monitoring boards, are presented as important developments in protecting participant welfare.The book is structured around eight chapters, starting with the historical evolution of clinical trials, which sets the stage for understanding the development of ethical standards and the transformative impact of innovation on clinical trial methodologies. It addresses the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, ethical challenges in emerging markets, and future directions in ethical innovations, concluding with a synthesis of the themes explored.Dr. GIRIJA Kumari's text is a call to action for maintaining the delicate balance between the pursuit of innovation and adherence to ethical integrity.
Health damage from exposure to Cadmium
Cadmium (Cd) is a chemical element considered to be a heavy metal with the following characteristics: soft, relatively rare, somewhat more malleable, ductile and flexible than others. It is one of the main toxicants affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure problems. Cd in soil and in the environment of the region has been detrimental to the health of the population, causing kidney, lung and bone disease. The objective of the present work was to know the current panorama of ecotoxicology, physiopathology and intoxication by Cd. Cd in high concentrations is difficult to eliminate, so it accumulates in tissues of the living being causing renal failure. Cd can spread through air by vapors, in soil when it adheres to edible plants entering the food chain, in water it exists as a hydrated ion, the soluble forms are mobilized in water and the insoluble ones are deposited in the sediment where they will be adsorbed. The population is exposed to Cd orally, through water and by ingestion of contaminated food. Symptoms of Cd ingestion include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and headache.
Psychoeducational strategy for the prevention of suicidal risk
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out with the objective of proposing a psychoeducational strategy for the prevention of suicide attempt in the elderly in the North area of Sancti Sp穩ritus municipality, in the period 2020-2022. The population and the sample were constituted by the 25 patients older than 60 years who presented suicidal attempt belonging to the North area of Sancti Sp穩ritus. It was concluded in the study carried out in the north polyclinic of Sancti Sp穩ritus that the patients with suicide attempt were predominantly female, of the age group between 65 and 69 years old, housewives, divorced or separated and with a high school education level. The psychosocial, individual and essential risk factors that predominated in the research are impulsivity, major depression, premonition, threat or suicidal project, serving these results to propose an educational strategy for the prevention of the pathological entity.
Justice and the Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project is an expensive, ambitious, and controversial attempt to locate and map every one of the approximately 100,000 genes in the human body. If it works, and we are able, for instance, to identify markers for genetic diseases long before they develop, who will have the right to obtain such information? What will be the consequences for health care, health insurance, employability, and research priorities? And, more broadly, how will attitudes toward human differences be affected, morally and socially, by the setting of a genetic "standard"? The compatibility of individual rights and genetic fairness is challenged by the technological possibilities of the future, making it difficult to create an agenda for a "just genetics." Beginning with an account of the utopian dreams and authoritarian tendencies of historical eugenics movements, this book's nine essays probe the potential social uses and abuses of detailed genetic information. Lucid and wide-ranging, these contributions will interest bioethicists, legal scholars, and policy makers. Essays: "The Genome Project and the Meaning of Difference," Timothy F. Murphy "Eugenics and the Human Genome Project: Is the Past Prologue?," Daniel J. Kevles "Handle with Care: Race, Class, and Genetics," Arthur L. Caplan "Public Choices and Private Choices: Legal Regulation of Genetic Testing," Lori B. Andrews "Rules for Gene Banks: Protecting Privacy in the Genetics Age," George J. Annas "Use of Genetic Information by Private Insurers," Robert J. Pokorski "The Genome Project, Individual Differences, and Just Health Care," Norman Daniels "Just Genetics: A Problem Agenda," Leonard M. Fleck "Justice and the Limitations of Genetic Knowledge," Marc A. Lapp矇 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1994.
Hypospadias
Surname: TRAOREFirst name: OUMARE-mail: Ot854918@gmail.com Thesis title: Hypospadias: Therapeutic and evolutionary aspects in the department of pediatric surgery at CHU le "Luxembourg" about 45 cases. Academic year: 2022-2023City of defense: BamakoCountry of origin: MaliLieu de d矇p繫t: Biblioth癡que de la FMOS/FAPHSector of interest: Pediatric Surgery Au CHU M癡re - Enfant Le "Luxembourg "Abstract: We conducted a retrospective and prospective study of 45 patients (0-15yrs) operated on for hypospadias from January 2019 to December 2022, which enabled us to identify the following results: A frequency of 1.35% of consultations; 3.23% of surgical interventions and hospitalizations. Predominance of posterior forms (38%). Associated anomalies in 42.2% of cases (micro penis, bifid scrotum, cryptorchidism, cardiac malformation, non-palpable testicle, hypoplastic scrotum). Two cases of paternal family history (4.4%). The mean age at surgery was 65.85 months, with extremes of 6 months and 180 months. The most commonly used surgical technique was KOYANAGI uretroplasty (28.8%).
Promise and Peril of Crispr
A timely collection of essays on the pressing possibilities and risks of gene-editing technology.Scientists and genetic engineers are becoming increasingly adept at editing the human genome. How far can--and should--they go in editing future generations? In The Promise and Peril of CRISPR, editor Neal Baer brings together a timely collection of essays by influential bioethicists, philosophers, and geneticists to explore the moral, ethical, and policy challenges posed by CRISPR technology.We are at a technological and ethical crossroads in grappling with the impacts of genetic editing. Gene-editing technology holds the promise of curing more than 7,000 known genetic diseases. Yet with that promise comes the peril of using CRISPR to edit the human genome, which could not only lead to manipulating human evolution, but also to creating and releasing pathogens capable of wreaking havoc on human, animal, and plant life. Although CRISPR has already cured several genetic diseases, it could also be used to design biological weapons or to edit the embryos of people who can afford to purchase genetic "enhancements" for their children. What role can and should the public play in discussing the far-reaching implications of gene editing? What oversights should be put in place to prevent a rogue scientist from engineering another baby - as was recently done with twins in China?Essay contributors offer informed predictions and guidelines for how the uses of CRISPR today will affect life in the future. Decisions we make now may have unpredictable consequences for future generations. For anyone concerned about the uses and potential abuses of gene editing, these essays provide a critical and comprehensive discussion of the central issues surrounding CRISPR technology. Contributors: Florence Ashley, R. Alta Charo, Marcy Darnovsky, Kevin Doxzen, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Jodi Halpern, Katie Hasson, Andrew C. Heinrich, Jacqueline Humphries, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Ellen D. Jorgensen, Peter F. R. Mills, Carol Padden, Marcus Schultz-Bergin, Robert Sparrow, Sandra Sufian, Krystal Tsosie, Ethan Weiss, Rachel M. West
Heterotopic pregnancy
IntroductionHeterotopic pregnancy is the coexistence of extra- and intrauterine pregnancy implantation sites (1)The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy in spontaneous pregnancies is approximately 1/30,000 (1).Results: The mean age of the patients was 37 years.Clinical symptomatology was lateralized pelvic pain in the context of amenorrhea in all 3 patients.Ultrasound showed an arrested intrauterine pregnancy and a latero-uterine mass in all 3 patients.Management was surgical in all 3 patients.Postoperative management was straightforward in all 3 patients.Conclusion: Heterotopic pregnancies remain an extremely rare condition and difficult to diagnose.Careful clinical and ultrasound monitoring of the pregnant woman from the start of pregnancy, maintenance of a broad differential diagnosis and exploration of abnormalities on first-trimester ultrasound are essential to identify a potentially fatal pathology, and enable rapid and appropriate management of the patient.
Why so much concern about the elderly population?
The book covers some of the main issues that affect the health of the elderly, such as chronic (cardiovascular and its complications) and communicable diseases, and the use of medication in this specific population. As well as describing natural morphological changes and possible interventions to maintain quality of life, such as strength training, which helps to maintain muscle mass, strengthen tendons and ligaments, and physical activity, which is very important to help with adequate sleep and other factors.
Pediatric burns
In children, burns are frequent injuries caused by contact and/or exposure to heated substances such as gases, solids and liquids, injury from electricity, injury from chemical agents or radiation. Disruption of the skin's integrity can result in a cascade of events that culminates in the deposition of a collagen-rich matrix, i.e. sequelae. Project by Claudia Nami Yoda as her final course work presented to the Undergraduate Medical Course at the Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina.
Cardiovascular Alterations in the Adult Patient with Sickle Cell Disease.
Introduction: Cardiovascular alterations contribute to the morbimortality of the adult patient with sickle cell disease, as a clinical expression of chronic organ damage. Objective: To identify alterations of the cardiovascular system in adult patients with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease seen at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology from December 2015 to July 2017.Methodological design: observational, descriptive, longitudinal study in 41 patients with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Results: Of 41 patients evaluated, those older than 50 years and HB SS genotype predominated. The predominant cardiovascular risk in the study was dyslipidemia, followed by arterial hypertension. The majority were not at risk of acute coronary event. More than half of the patients had no echo or electrocardiographic alterations, a large proportion of patients had cardiovascular alterations. Conclusions: The most frequent cardiovascular alterations in the sickle cell patients studied were found in the HBSS genotype.Key words: sickle cell disease, cardiovascular disorders.
Nanotechnology and Brain Cancer Treatment
Brain cancer has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, with traditional methods facing challenges like poor drug penetration across the BBB, non-specific distribution, and harsh side effects. However, recent advances in nanotechnology provide new hope for addressing these issues and improving patient outcomes. Nanocarriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and liposomes, show promising results. Advantages include EPR, extended circulation, controlled release, and increased cellular uptake. Active targeting enables precise localization of therapeutics at tumor sites, enhancing effectiveness and minimizing off-target impacts. Multifunctional nanosystems also allow simultaneous diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostics). While there are still barriers like BBB penetration, scalability, and regulation, ongoing research continues to reveal innovative solutions, bringing fresh hope to those afflicted with this deadly disease.
Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms, Applications Cancer Detection
A book that covers different machine learning and deep learning algorithms specifically for lung cancer would be an excellent resource for researchers, medical professionals, and data scientists interested in leveraging artificial intelligence for medical diagnosis and treatment. While I can't provide a specific book title, I can suggest the key topics and areas such a book might cover: Introduction to Lung Cancer: The book may start with an overview of lung cancer, including its types, causes, diagnosis methods, and current treatment options. Machine Learning Fundamentals: It may cover fundamental concepts of machine learning, including supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning, as well as evaluation metrics commonly used in medical applications.Data Preprocessing and Feature Engineering: The book may discuss techniques for preprocessing medical imaging data, such as CT scans or X-rays, including image normalization, noise reduction, and feature extraction.Classification Algorithms: It would likely delve into various classification algorithms used for lung cancer detection and diagnosis, such as support vector machines (SVM), random forests, decision trees.
Inside Throat Cancer
" Inside Throat Cancer: A Deep Dive " likely isn't a fictional book, but a resource about a serious medical condition. It focuses on head and neck cancers, which can develop anywhere in the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, voice box, and lymph nodes. The title " Inside Throat Cancer: A Deep Dive " suggests the book raises awareness about a cancer that might be overlooked. It could detail risk factors (besides smoking and drinking), symptoms to watch for, and the challenges of treatment, which can impact speech, swallowing, and overall well-being.
3’ End Choice
The tail end of a gene, the 3' untranslated region (UTR), might seem insignificant, but it holds surprising power. This seemingly simple sequence acts as a decision point, influencing how much protein is made from a gene. Think of it as a dimmer switch on a gene's light. The 3' UTR can be bound by regulatory molecules, acting like a dimmer switch that increases or decreases the mRNA's stability and translation into protein. Mutations or variations within the 3' UTR can disrupt this delicate control, leading to either overproduction or underproduction of crucial proteins. This imbalance can have a significant impact on health. Diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders have been linked to malfunctions in 3' UTR regulation. By understanding how the 3' UTR influences gene expression, scientists can potentially develop new therapies. Targeting this region could offer a way to fine-tune protein production and combat diseases caused by imbalances
Squeezed Middle
The middle class, once considered a haven of stability, is facing a hidden crisis: declining mental health. Sandwiched between caring for aging parents and supporting their own children, coupled with stagnant wages and rising costs, the pressure is immense. This chronic stress can manifest as anxiety, burnout, and feelings of hopelessness. Social isolation, often a consequence of long work hours and financial constraints, further exacerbates the problem. The "middle" is no longer the safe zone it once was, leaving many feeling trapped and overwhelmed. Recognizing this issue and prioritizing mental health resources for this demographic is crucial. Affordable therapy, flexible work arrangements, and access to mental health days are essential steps towards creating a more sustainable and supportive environment for the squeezed middle
Beyond Neglect
"Beyond Neglect: Leveraging Technology for Effective NTD Control in Africa" tackles the challenge of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) through the revolutionary lens of electronic health information systems (eHIS). For decades, paper-based systems hampered data collection and hindered progress in controlling these diseases. This book explores the groundbreaking potential of eHealth, using the example of Mozambique's implementation of an mHealth system based on DHIS2. You'll discover how eHealth empowers informed decision-making, improves resource allocation, and ultimately paves the way for better care and disease control. "Beyond Neglect" offers a practical roadmap, highlighting factors that can influence successful eHealth integration within the NTD sector. This book is a beacon of hope, showcasing how technology can bridge the gap and bring neglected tropical diseases to the forefront of the healthcare landscape in Africa.
Simplex ASD
Simplex Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), where just one child in a family has the diagnosis, offers a unique window into the complexities of ASD. Unlike familial ASD, simplex cases showcase a fascinating phenomenon: phenotypic heterogeneity. This means children with simplex ASD display a wide range of symptoms, despite a strong genetic link. Data analysis plays a critical role in unraveling this phenotypic mosaic. By studying large cohorts of simplex ASD individuals, researchers can identify patterns in their social challenges, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. This data can reveal subgroups within simplex ASD, each potentially linked to specific genetic variations. Understanding these phenotypic variations is crucial. It sheds light on how genetic factors interact with the environment to produce such a diverse spectrum of ASD presentations. This knowledge can pave the way for more targeted therapies tailored to individual phenotypes within simplex ASD
From Myelin to Mayhem
Our brains hold a hidden factory, independent of dietary cholesterol. Behind the blood-brain barrier, they meticulously craft their own, using it for a critical purpose: myelin. This fatty sheath acts like electrical insulation for our nerve fibers, ensuring rapid and clear communication between brain cells. But this finely tuned system can go awry. When cholesterol levels become imbalanced, myelin production suffers. This can lead to a breakdown in communication, impacting memory, learning, and even movement. In extreme cases, it can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. By understanding this delicate balance between brain-made cholesterol and myelin health, we can unlock strategies to protect our cognitive function and overall brain well-being
Global Mental Health
The stigma surrounding mental health can be a barrier anywhere, but in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), access to care can feel like a vast chasm. "Global Mental Health: Equity Now" bridges that gap, offering a powerful call to action. This book delves into the stark realities of mental health disparities across the globe. We'll explore the challenges faced by LMICs, from limited resources to cultural stigmas. But "Global Mental Health" isn't just about problems; it's about solutions. We'll showcase innovative approaches that are making a difference, from leveraging technology to empower communities to utilizing existing healthcare structures more effectively. This inspiring volume compels us to demand equity in mental healthcare for all. You'll encounter stories of resilience and discover culturally sensitive strategies that promote mental well-being on a global scale. "Global Mental Health" is a call to arms, urging you to join the fight for accessible and effective mental healthcare, because everyone deserves the chance to heal.
