Fascinated phenomenon of tooth dentine
The permeability properties of dentin can have a significant influence on how teeth respond to restorative procedures and to materials. As further advances in tissue engineering are made, it is likely that a number of growth factors and other therapeutic agents will be applied to intact dentin to elicit a specific pulpal response. This may be followed by creating a surface seal with adhesive resins to prevent back-diffusion of these agents and to prevent any intratubular fluid shifts that might irritate differentiating or de-differentiating cells and the pulpodentin border. The more we understand the permeability characteristics of dentin, the more we can manipulate it for therapeutic advantage.
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
TAD is a temporary anchorage device which is temporary fixed to bone for the purpose of enhancing orthodontic anchorage either by supporting the teeth of the reactive unit or obviating the need for the reactive unit altogether and which is subsequently removed after use.TAD's consist of broad array of implants that include miniplates, mini-screws, micro-screws, palatal implants, retromolar implants as well as functionally loaded prosthetic implants. In addition, TAD's may be a temporary prosthetic component (e.g. bracket attached to the gold crown) that is removed after treatment. They can be located transosteally, subperiosteally or endosteally and can be fixed to bone either mechanically or biochemically (osseointegrated).
Digital Workflow in Complete Denture Fabrication
The field of dentistry has witnessed remarkable advancements in dental technology, particularly in the fabrication of removable dentures using CAD/CAM technologies. This has significantly reduced the chairside and working time for both patients and dentists, while also delivering superior functional and aesthetic outcomes. This comprehensive book offers a detailed insight into the digital workflow involved in creating complete dentures. It covers a wide array of topics including the materials used, scanning techniques, recent advancements, and the current available systems. Readers will be taken on a guided journey through the logical sequence of impression taking to the final insertion of a complete denture, providing prosthodontists with invaluable knowledge of digital workflow. Furthermore, it provides foundational knowledge on impression making, scanners, and the overall workflow, and later delves into a detailed description of each of the current available systems and their software. This resource effectively bridges general concepts and current digital trends with the clinical conditions commonly encountered in dental practice, offering an invaluable resource for clinicians.
Lingual Orthodontics
A step by step guide for lingual orthodontic practice. This procedure has been available for over twenty-five years, but new materials and appliances have dramatically improved results. Patients select lingual appliances primarily for aesthetic reasons and it was a popular procedure for public figures and media personalities a decade ago.But due to advent of new procedures this practice is declining. This book reviews the history, procedures, downfall of a technique which will help future orthodontist to inculcate this procedure into their practice and modify it.
Consequences of Edentulism
Edentulism, or tooth loss, has profound consequences extending beyond oral health, impacting physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. It alters facial appearance, reduces self-esteem, and causes malnutrition, speech difficulties, and TMJ disorders. Psychologically, tooth loss leads to social isolation, embarrassment, anxiety, and depression. Systemically, it's linked to malnutrition, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections. Functionally, tooth loss impairs food selection, taste, and oral function, while economically, it incurs increased healthcare costs and lost productivity. Prompt dental care and prosthetic treatment can mitigate these consequences, restore oral function, improve aesthetics, and enhance quality of life, emphasizing the importance of early intervention.
Management of Calcified Canals
Injuries to permanent teeth can result in clinical complications, presenting significant challenges for dental practitioners. It has been found that approximately 4 to 24 percent of cases experience pulp canal obliteration post-trauma. The process of locating canals after calcific metamorphosis and ensuring successful negotiation to their full length can potentially result in iatrogenic issues like fractured instruments and perforation. This book examines the potential causes of calcific metamorphosis, its clinical and radiographic characteristics, and offers insights into its management.
Complications and Failure in Dental Implants
Dental implant is a good dental rehabilitation of the missing teeth. Scientific literature has evidenced that implant therapy obtains a success rate greater than 90%. With the increasing acceptance of dental implantation as a viable tooth replacement therapy, complications and failure rates have also increased proportionately. Complications and failures in implant dentistry can range from minor to major, reversible to irreversible, and problematic to detrimental. As a result, these clinical problems cause frustrations and disappointments for patients and dental professionals and cast doubts on the success of dental implant therapy. These problems can have many different levels of undesirable consequences that may lead to compromised or less than optimal clinical results for the patients, non-productive wasted clinical chair time, extra financial burden to the patient and dentist, create antagonistic tension in patients, and ultimately affect the reputation of the dentist and the profession. Complaints to regulatory colleges and litigations involving implant dentistry have also increased over the past decade.
Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgeries
This book contains minimally invasive non surgical, surgical techniques that we used in periodontal treatment and in dental implants .It contains the clinical applications of various techniques, their advantage, disadvantages, indications as well as contraindications and results.This book contains recent advancements we used in minimally invasive non surgical and surgical procedures in periodontology.
Posterior Composite Resins
Dental composite resins have advanced tremendously to become the most preferred material for direct restorations in both anterior and posterior teeth. The advances in material sciences and adhesive dentistry along with the increasing patient demand for tooth-colored restorations have made dental composite resin the material of choice for restoration of carious lesions. The wide range of viscosities, colors, shades, translucencies, opacities, fluorescence, etc., available with the present generation of composite resins has enabled the clinician to provide a restoration that mimics natural tooth structure and optimizes function as well.
CAD CAM in Fpd
CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology has transformed the fabrication of Fixed Partial Dentures (FPDs). The process involves the digital design and precise milling of prosthetic components, significantly improving accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes.CAD/CAM has revolutionized the design, production, and delivery of FPDs, offering benefits in precision, material options, time savings, and overall patient experience.
Beyond Boundaries
The periodontium, comprising the gums, bone, and surrounding tissues, serves as the foundation of a healthy dentition. Its integrity significantly influences the function, aesthetics, and longevity of teeth. A healthy periodontium is essential for the success of various dental treatments, including dental prosthetics, restorations, endodontic therapy, and orthodontic care. A compromised periodontium can lead to poor treatment outcomes and further deterioration of periodontal tissues during the treatment process. This can result in a range of issues, including tooth loss, decreased oral function, and compromised aesthetics. Research has consistently shown a strong association between iatrogenic factors and periodontal destruction. The periodontium plays a vital role in determining the function, aesthetics, and longevity of the dentition. A healthy periodontium is essential for successful dental treatments, and an interdisciplinary approach is crucial for complete rehabilitation of function and health. By working together, dental professionals can provide comprehensive care, achieve optimal treatment outcomes, and promote long-term oral health.
Layering of Composites
Composite resin restorations are quite popular because of its good aesthetics, respectable longevity, and affordable price in response to patients' growing demands for a more aesthetically pleasing dentition. However, many clinicians may find it difficult to understand the shading concepts utilized by manufacturers. The creation of flawless direct composite restorations has long been a difficult task because of the limits of numerous materials that affect surface quality, shade integration, and perhaps color durability. The purpose of this book is to study and describe the key shading concepts available on the market, to assess their ability to replicate natural esthetics, and to provide guidelines for their implementation.
Nanotechnolgy in Dentistry- A Novel approach
The human characteristics of curiosity, wonder and ingenuity are as old as mankind. For many years people around the world have been harnessing their curiosity into inquiry and the process of scientific methodology. Dentistry has seen many era of revolution in past, making it more reliable and comfortable for the patients. It is undergoing yet another change in helping mankind, this time with the help of nanotechnology combined with Nanomaterials, Biotechnology and Nanorobotics.Nanodentistry will make possible the maintenance of comprehensive oral health by employing nanotissue devices which will allow precisely controlled oral analgesia, dentine replacement therapy, permanent hypersensitivity cure, complete orthodontic realignment etc, all in single office visit. The development of "nanodentistry" will make possible the maintenance of near perfect oral health through the use of nanomaterials, biotechnology, including tissue engineering and nanorobotics.
Necessary precautions for disinfecting toothbrushes
The concepts of oral health and systemic health should not, in principle, be interpreted as separate entities. Oral health is integrated with systemic health, and this information favors the important consideration that oral health means much more than healthy teeth, and that human beings cannot be considered healthy without good oral health conditions. Significant progress has been made in oral health, but there is still a lot of work to be done. There are safe and effective preventive measures that everyone can take to improve their health, and dentists play a key role in disseminating prevention information, especially about the most prevalent oral diseases, i.e. dental caries and periodontal disease. However, many controversies accompany us on a daily basis, for example, if we sterilize or at least disinfect the entire arsenal to be used for dental procedures, doesn't it suggest a paradox that we use the toothbrush as the most commonly used instrument for cleaning the soft and hard tissues of the mouth, without taking any precautions other than simply (and ineffectively) rinsing it under running water after use?
Endo Perio Relationship
An endo-perio lesion can have varied pathogenesis which ranges from quite simple to relatively complex one. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. To make a correct diagnosis the clinician should have a thorough understanding and scientific knowledge of these lesions. Therefore, to achieve the best outcome for these lesions, a multi-disciplinary approach should be involved
Intrusion Mechanics
Jackson's Triad consists of structural integrity, functional stability, and esthetic harmony. An ideal position of the incisors on its apical base in all three planes of space plays a vital role in achieving this balance. Deep bite (or excessive vertical overlap) is a common symptom associated with Class II malocclusions and can be corrected with various modalities including intrusion of upper and/or lower incisors, extrusion of posterior teeth, and flaring of anterior teeth. The intrusion of the upper and lower incisors is the most effective way of correcting the deep bite, as it moves their root apices closer to the nose and lower border of the mandible, respectively. Intrusion is defined as the "tooth movement that occurs in an axial (apical) direction and whose center of rotation lies at infinity. It is an axial type of translation". It is often associated with an increase in the vertical dimension of the face, as well as an improvement in the aesthetic appearance. Relative intrusion/ pseudo-intrusion of the incisors can also be used, keeping them where they are while the mandible grows and the posterior teeth erupt. This method is used to maintain the mandibular plane angle.
Indirect Restorations in Dentistry
This book is a compilation of two works in the field of Dentistry related to the specialities of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Prosthodontics. The first work aims to provide, through a case report, information on the CAD-CAM system, its advantages and disadvantages and mode of operation for milling lithium disilicate ceramic blocks because in the current phase of dentistry, CAD-CAM technology brings a new era of aesthetic restorative treatments, with better use of professional time, reduced errors and increased quality through the use of automated techniques. The second study is relevant due to the popularisation of ceramic veneers and ultra-thin ceramic laminates. There is a need to define the correct indication and preparation protocols to guide professionals in clinical practice as to the limitations of each treatment, so the aim of this book is also to describe through a literature review the differences in the indication of the two aesthetic restorative treatments, as well as the variations in preparation methods, difficulties, limitations of the techniques and the differences in adhesive cementation.
The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care
**Selected for 2025 Doody's Core Titles(R) in Dental Hygiene & Auxiliaries** Learn how to apply nutritional principles to promote optimal patient care! The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care, 6th Edition, explains how teaching proper nutrition can improve oral and systemic health. Case studies and clear, full-color photos and illustrations provide a basis for assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating the care of patients. In addition, a solid foundation in nutrition prepares you for the subject's increased emphasis on the NBDHE examination.NEW! Incorporation of the latest federal nutrition standards and initiatives includes Healthy People 2030 and the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Clinically relevant applications to dental hygiene include a focus on patient education and dental hygiene considerations.Vitamin and mineral content is presented based on the oral effects of micronutrients.Case studies and Health Applications in each chapter demonstrate how nutrition concepts can be applied to specific patient situations.Robust practice opportunities allow you to test your comprehension and apply what you've learned.Key terms are highlighted in each chapter and defined in the glossary.
Dental caries in adolescents in the city of Recife - PE
Caries disease is characterised as an imbalance in the process of demineralisation and remineralisation, resulting from bacterial accumulation and metabolism on the tooth surface. Education is associated with more frequent brushing; individuals with a higher level of schooling and better socioeconomic status brush their teeth more often and the highest percentage of fluoride toothpaste users belong to the highest income group. Adolescence is considered to be a period of increased risk behaviour for dental caries, due to poor plaque control and reduced oral hygiene care, aggravated by greater independence in relation to the consumption of a more sugary diet. In this context, this study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between dental caries, cariogenic diet and socioeconomic, demographic profile and oral hygiene habits in adolescents dependent on military personnel in the city of Recife, Pernambuco.
Immediate dentine sealing
In restorative dentistry, preserving tooth tissue is a priority. Therefore, minimally invasive restorations like inlays, onlays, and laminate veneers are used. However, dentin tubule exposure is unavoidable regardless of the amount of tooth substance removed. Interim cementation materials often fail to provide adequate sealing, leaving exposed dentin vulnerable to bacterial microleakage and chemical and mechanical stimuli during procedures such as impression-taking, rinsing, drying, function, and the removal of provisional materials. To address these issues and protect the pulp, Pashley et al. introduced the immediate application of a dentin-bonding agent after tooth preparation and before impression taking in the early 1990s. In conventional procedures, dentin sealing occurs at the bonding stage of the final restoration, which leaves exposed dentin susceptible to bacterial infiltration during provisionalization.This work explores the evolution of the bonding procedure and highlight the specific challenges associated with dentin bonding in a first part. Then, it discusses the development and benefits of the immediate dentin sealing procedure.
Effects of Maxillary Expansion on Phonetics
Maxillary expansion is a frequently performed orthodontic procedure and significant number of patients present with altered vocal function after maxillary expansion. Our knowledge of these changes auditory and perceptual manifestations is acquired from relatively small-scale investigations that made use of a variety of methods. To further understand the changes occurring across different measurement domains, we combine data from auditory, perceptual, and instrumental assessments and this systematic review was conducted to study the impact of maxillary expansion on speech and the outcomes of this study will assist with pre-treatment and interdisciplinary counselling for orthodontic patients undergoing expansion.
Artificial Intelligence in Oral Medicine and Radiology
Oral medicine is the specialty concerned with 'dental' and medical related disorders of the oral and the facial region, including orofacial manifestations of systemic diseases. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology as defined by the American Dental Association, is the specialty of dentistry and discipline of radiology concerned with production & interpretation of images and data produced by all modalities of radiant energy that are used for the diagnosis and management of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region. AI can be used as a useful modality in diagnosis and treatment of lesions of oral cavity and can be employed in screening and classifying suspicious altered mucosa undergoing premalignant & malignant changes. In head and neck imaging modalities, AI provides advantage owing to its distinctive ability to learn or interpret plain radiographs, ultrasound, CT, MRI, CBCT & radioisotope scans and to determine deviations from normality that could have gone unrecognized with human eye.
The Complement System and Periodontal Diseases
The complement system plays a crucial role in coordinating host immunity and inflammation. Initially believed to be solely part of innate immunity, further research has revealed that it is a dynamic ensemble that activates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Numerous diseases have been linked to the complement system, leading to the development of various drugs aimed at addressing these conditions. One such significant disease, which shares common mechanisms with periodontitis, is rheumatic diseases, where certain drugs have shown some effectiveness in alleviating symptoms. Applying this understanding to periodontitis and peri-implantitis has shed new light on the role of the complement system in the development of periodontal diseases. Mapping its function in periodontitis could significantly advance complement-targeted therapeutic approaches.
Esthetic Dentistry in Pediatric Practice
The changed paradigm for pediatric restorative dentistry calls for developing dental materials that have the potential to improve aesthetics while simplifying clinical operations. Advancements in science and technology in conjunction with dental material research have provided the pediatric dentist with innumerable opportunities to apply significant developments in material science to the treatment process. However, the selection of the suitable material for an appropriate clinical situation depends on the requirements of the child patient, his cooperative potential, and the experience of the clinician, to ensure the most favorable function, performance, and esthetics. In recent times, the demand for esthetic restorations has increased radically due to enhanced esthetic awareness. Modern adhesive restorative materials and techniques take into consideration the conservation of tooth structure during preparation, and preservation of remaining tooth structure, and are capable of providing precise anatomical morphology with the desirable esthetics.
Digital solutions for recording jaw relationships
In dental medicine, the integration of new technologies aims to optimize patient comfort and treatment outcomes. Digitalization has revolutionized multiple aspects of practice, including impression-taking, occlusal analysis, treatment planning, and manufacturing. This work aims to explore conventional occlusal recording techniques and the transformative role of digital technology in recording jaw relationships.
Sticky Bone
The book introduces the concept of "Sticky Bone," a breakthrough in regenerative techniques that enhances healing in periodontal surgeries. It focuses on the practical application of this method, combining scientific principles with clinical expertise, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of this technique's role in improving patient outcomes. Ideal for dental professionals, this book bridges the gap between theory and practice in periodontal regeneration.
Role of Interarch Distance in Prosthodontic Treatment
Interarch distance, the vertical space between the upper and lower arches when the mouth is closed, is a crucial consideration in prosthodontic treatment. Proper assessment and management of interarch distance are essential for the success of prosthodontic restorations, including dentures, crowns, bridges, and implant-supported prostheses. Correct interarch distance ensures optimal functionality of the prosthesis, enabling effective mastication, speech, and comfort. Additionally, adequate interarch distance contributes to the aesthetic outcomes by maintaining facial proportions and ensuring a natural appearance of the prosthetic teeth. Each patient's anatomical and functional requirements must be meticulously assessed, and customized approaches are necessary to achieve the best clinical outcomes. Proper management of interarch distance ultimately enhances both the functional and aesthetic results of prosthodontic treatments, leading to improved patient satisfaction and oral health.
Canal Disinfection
Endodontic treatment is directed towards the elimination of micro-organisms from the root canal system and prevention of re-infection. Chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal system through a combination of mechanical instrumentation and antibacterial irrigation is a critical stage in aiding in elimination of pulpal tissue, microbiota and their by-products, and organic and inorganic debris hence marking it as the single most important stage in disinfection of the pulp space.This book highlights the role of various irrigants, intracanal medicaments and the latest disinfection techniques useful during and after biomechanical preparation, thus improving the state of the art and science of root canal treatment.
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe and debilitating condition that occurs when bone tissue becomes necrotic (dies) following radiation therapy, often used to treat cancers in the head and neck. The condition is primarily caused by radiation-induced damage to blood vessels, which impairs the bone's ability to heal and regenerate.Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation and imaging studies to assess the extent of bone damage. Management of ORN is challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including dental care, surgical intervention, and supportive therapies. Treatment options may include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which helps promote healing by improving oxygen delivery to the affected tissues, and surgical debridement to remove necrotic bone. Preventive measures, such as meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups before and after radiation therapy, are crucial in minimizing the risk of developing ORN.
Digitalization in Prosthodontics
Digitalization has revolutionized prosthodontics by integrating technologies like CAD/CAM, 3D printing, digital imaging, and virtual planning tools. CAD/CAM allows for the precise design and fabrication of dental prostheses using digital impressions, ensuring a perfect fit and optimal aesthetics. 3D printing enables the rapid production of customized dental models, surgical guides, and final prostheses, enhancing functionality and aesthetics. Digital imaging technologies, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital radiography, provide detailed images crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and prosthetic design. Virtual planning tools allow prosthodontists to simulate treatment scenarios and outcomes, improving patient understanding and satisfaction. Additionally, digitalization enhances communication and collaboration among dental professionals, leading to more coordinated and efficient care. For patients, it means shorter treatment times, fewer appointments, and more comfortable procedures, ultimately improving the quality of dental care. As these technologies evolve, the future of prosthodontics looks promising with innovative solutions on the horizon.
Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint in Health and Disease
This textbook focuses on the Temporomandibular Joint through various imaging modalities. It is concise, well laid out/organised, and logically narrated the complex joint in a simplified manner and hence can be treated as a meaningful addition to the existing literature. Though the research on the temporomandibular joint and its disorders has evolved through many years, this book emphasizes the use of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities like CBCT, MRI .USG, CT, Arthrography, SPECT, PET to assess the structural & functional integrity of the joint, evaluate relationships between hard and soft tissues, determine the extent or stage of progression of known disease, and monitor/evaluate the effects of treatment. Ultimately, this approach aims to improve patient outcomes and enhance patient care in the realm of Temporomandibular joint disorders. I wish this new textbook well/success.
Linking Menopause and Periodontal disease
Menopause is a natural biological process that marks a significant milestone in a woman's life, characterized by irreversible alterations in ovarian hormonal functions. Estrogens exert regulatory effects on various organs and tissues throughout a woman's reproductive years by binding to estrogen receptors. These receptors are present not only in the uterus and mammary glands but also in diverse locations such as the urethra, vagina, brain, cardiac cells, oral mucosa, larynx, and periodontal tissues, among others. Estrogen deficiency during menopause can lead to pathological changes in any of these organs, including the periodontium.
Damon System
The Damon System is an orthodontic treatment that uses self-ligating braces to move teeth more comfortably and efficiently than traditional braces. It utilizes a patented slide mechanism to connect archwires to the bracket while allowing the wire to move freely. The Damon System reduces friction and improves oral hygiene by eliminating elastic ties. It's innovative technology allows for more natural tooth movement, resulting in shorter treatment times.
Orthodontic Considerations of Impacted Teeth and its Management
"Orthodontic Considerations of Impacted Teeth and Its Management" delves into the complexities of diagnosing and treating impacted teeth, a common dental challenge. This comprehensive guide covers the factors leading to impaction, the associated orthodontic implications, and the latest treatment techniques to restore functional alignment. It emphasizes early detection, preventive strategies, and collaboration between orthodontists and oral surgeons to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The book is designed for dental professionals seeking practical insights into the management of impactions, offering evidence-based approaches that minimize complications and enhance treatment efficiency.
Comprehensive Morphological Analysis of Cementoenamel Junction Types
This book provides a comprehensive morphological analysis of the different types of cementoenamel junctions (CEJ) found in extracted maxillary and mandibular permanent anterior teeth. It explores the variations in CEJ morphology, their prevalence, and their clinical significance in dental practice. By examining the extracted teeth, the study aims to enhance the understanding of CEJ types, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and management of dental procedures. This work serves as a valuable resource for dental professionals, researchers, and students interested in the anatomical and clinical aspects of the cementoenamel junction.
Skeletal Maturity Indicators in Orthodontics
An understanding of growth events is of primary importance in the practice of clinical orthodontics. Maturational status can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment planning, and the eventual outcome of orthodontic treatment. Clinical decisions regarding the use of extra oral traction forces, functional appliances, extraction versus non-extraction treatment, or orthognathic surgeries are, at least partially, based on growth considerations. Prediction of both the times and the amount of active growth, especially in the craniofacial complex, would be useful to the orthodontist.
Immediate Implant Placement
Restoring teeth to their ideal state regarding form, comfort, appearance, function, speech & general health is goal of modern dentistry. This can be accomplished by treating dental caries or by replacing several missing teeth, fixed, removable, or implant-supported prostheses being most common options.1 Patients who are completely or partially edentulous can now have restorations done on them thanks to placement of endosseous implants. Word "immediate" appears in the implant literature almost every day, albeit it's frequently used ambiguously. When the phrase was first used, it referred to the procedure of placing implant during extracting tooth. It is currently used for refering to the immediate insertion of a provisional restoration into a socket or onto a healed bone complex on an implant that has just been positioned. The phrase is also used when a provisional restoration is positioned on an implant that is placed right away and the restoration needs to accept functional occlusal loads right away.
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy was introduced in dentistry by Baum et al in 1995. This field is making its own prominence in the branch of orthodontics as it has the potential to make possible the prevention of many antenatal, congenital and postnatal genetically induced dentofacial anomalies. Various animal studies that have been started carving niche mainly related to orthodontics are: - i) modulate orthodontic tooth movement, ii) alleviate pain associated with orthodontic mechanotherapy, iii) enhance bone repair and regeneration, iv) improve midface hypoplasia by preventing syndromic craniosynostosis v) modify condylar growth. Significant problems with this field that are rate-limiting for clinical success. To put in a nutshell, gene therapy is a long and rugged road to explore. An urge of shifting from treatment-based to prevention-based approach along with ongoing improvements in technology, will lead to many future advanced investigations and gene therapy will eventually become a staple of 21st century medicine.
Dental caries and associated factors
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an alteration in the composition of the bacterial biofilm, leading to an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization processes. It is the most common childhood disease, affecting 60-90% of school-age children, and is responsible for millions of lost school days every year. It is strongly linked to the patient's dietary habits, sugar intake, salivary flow, salivary fluoride levels and dental preventive behaviours. In developed countries, the prevalence of dental caries is declining due to the installation of community dental facilities and the introduction of preventive programs, whereas an unprecedented increase in prevalence is reported in developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugary foods, insufficient exposure to fluorides, poor tooth-brushing habits and lack of adequate dental services.
Viva Voce 2nd BDS Dental Materials
This book includes viva questions for Dental Material practical exams for dental students.This book helps us to master various Theory and Practical exam topics. This book covers questions related to following topics - Materials used in Orthodontia, Abrasion and Polishing, Dental Implants, Infection Control, Artificial Tooth Materials, Separating Media, Die Spacers, Tray Adhesives and Petroleum Jelly.We would like to extend our gratitude to our esteemed teachers- Dr. Shwetha Poovani, Dr. Krishna Kumar U and Dr. Sindhu K. for constant motivation and encouragement for the success of this book.We would like to thank our batchmates- Lokesh, Prateek, Poorvika, Roopa and Rumana for their constant support.
Phonetics and Orthognathic Surgery
Phonetics is the study of sounds of human speech, including their production and perception. Orthognathic surgery, on the other hand, is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting skeletal and dental irregularities of jaw and face and following the completion of growth it is indicated in about 25% of patients with cleft lip and palate. Despite the numerous advantages that orthognathic surgery offers for aesthetics and orofacial functions, velopharyngeal structure manipulation may cause impediment of speech in patients with cleft lip and palate. The velopharyngeal mechanism that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during speech may be adversely affected by orthognathic surgery, which causes the maxilla to advance as the hard palate's posterior edge and the soft palate attached to it advance anteriorly. So, the goal of this systematic review is to analyse the change in speech production post orthognathic surgery for correcting midfacial hypoplasia so that if necessary, speech production can be provided post orthognathic surgery.
Root resorption after aligner therapy
Root resorption is an unavoidable and irreversible process which can lead to shortening of the root apex and is an adverse event post and during orthodontic treatment. It can unpredictably occur with any treatment modality, including aligners. More precise treatment planning and patient's compliance can further aid in reducing the uneventful root resorption. Clear aligner therapy is not inferior to light force fixed orthodontics appliances but are superior to heavy-force orthodontic appliances in the terms of the risk of developing root resorption.
Latest Levels of Flouride in India
water is essential for all physiological activities associated with humans, animals and the plant kingdom. However, the nature and quality of surface and ground water are widely variable and are determined by the local geological history, including the rocks and hidden ore deposits nearby the sites for the assembly of the water and other issues, such as the effort of fundamental elements and contaminants by lentic and lotic waters and alternative aquifers.
"Human Sputum"
Salivary fluid is an exocrine secretion consisting of approximately 99% water, containing a variety of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate) and proteins, represented by enzymes, immunoglobulins and other antimicrobial factors, mucosal glycoproteins, traces of albumin and some polypeptides and oligopeptides of importance to oral health. There are also glucose and nitrogenous products, such as urea and ammonia. The components interact and are responsible for the various functions attributed to saliva. Saliva is the product of multiple salivary glands lying beneath the oral mucosa. Each day, the human salivary glands produce almost 600ml of serous and mucinous saliva6. Once saliva passes through the ducts and enters the oral cavity, it mixes with blood cells, microorganisms and their products, oral epithelial cells and cell products, food debris and upper-airway secretions.
Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics
Preventive orthodontics focuses on early interventions to prevent the malocclusions and other dental issues before they become more complex and require extensive treatment. By emphasizing habits such as proper oral hygiene, dietary practices, and early orthodontic evaluations, we can mitigate the need of invasive procedures. This approach not only saves time and resources but also minimizes potential discomfort for patients.Similarly, interceptive orthodontics involves timely intervention during the growth and development of a child's dentition. By addressing emerging problems like overcrowding, crossbites, or protrusions, we can guide facial growth and create a more harmonious relationship between the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures. This not only improves aesthetic outcomes but also contributes to long-term dental health.Through this book, we aim to spread awareness among dental professionals, educators, and the general public about the importance of these preventive and interceptive measures, by educating both current and future practitioners. We hope to foster a culture of proactive dental care that prioritizes patient health and well-being.
Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex, sensitive and highly mobile joint. TMJ is the most used joint of the body. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a class of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions associated with morphologic and functional deformities that affect up to 25% of the population. The most frequent structural (as opposed to muscular) cause of TMD is internal derangement. The most common TMJ disorders are pain dysfunction syndrome, internal derangement, arthritis, and traumas. TMD is seen most commonly in people between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and occurs more often in women than in men .The most frequent complaint is pain and a decrease in the maximal interincisal opening (MIO). This book deals with internal derangement and its management including both surgical and non-surgical.
Tooth Resorption
The earliest mention of dental resorption in literature was in Thomas Bell's 1829 textbook. Over the last years, there has been a substantial increase in reports of resorption in the literature, which has helped in the understanding of the condition and its treatments. Resorption is identified by an increase in osteoclastic cell activity that causes a loss of hard dental tissues. Resorption can happen both internally and externally. From trauma, to prolonged orthodontic treatment, to viruses, to genetic and idiopathic factors, there is a variety of possible etiologic causes of both kinds of resorptions that are central to the understanding and treatment of this condition. When resorption is suspected, a comprehensive examination of the oral cavity and a proper knowledge of the underlying etiology are required for clinical management. Depending on the extent of the lesion, resorption can be arrested by a variety of endodontic treatments that often include root canals or more complex surgical procedures. External or internal resorption, if detected early, can be treated successfully. Resorption eventually leads to tooth loss if not treated.
The relationship between the golden ratio and facial aesthetics in orthodontics
The aim of this work is to present the golden ratio in dentistry and to verify the relationship between the golden ratio and facial aesthetics before and after orthodontic treatment using lateral cephalometric radiographs and frontal and lateral photographs. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and frontal and lateral photographs of 67 individuals before and after orthodontic treatment were used. A cephalometric programme was developed in Delphi 7.0, containing the cephalometric analysis of this research study. The A-Pog/V1S-C1MS, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS and V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 ratios differed in a statistically significant way when comparing before and after orthodontic treatment. The V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 ratio was not in golden ratio before treatment and became in golden ratio after treatment. Only the N-Ena/V1S-DM16 ratio differed in a statistically significant way when comparing before and after treatment. The A-Pog/V1S-DM16 ratio was golden before treatment and was no longer golden after treatment.
