Evaluation of soft tissue thickness in a Brazilian population
The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of the soft tissues of the face in living people through a pilot study. To do this, 20 craniometric points in common between the populations being compared were selected. The population of Recife-PE/Brazil was compared with other populations, including those from Africa, China, Korea, Slovakia, Colombia and France. The comparison was made using the variables obtained (race, age group, BMI and gender) with those obtained from studies published in the literature.
Anatomical Consideration of Endodontic Surgery
Endodontic surgery involves the treatment of the root and surrounding structures of a tooth, often when conventional root canal therapy isn't sufficient. Anatomical considerations are crucial for successful outcomes and include: Root Anatomy: Understanding the complex root canal systems, including variations in number and shape of roots and canals, is essential for effective cleaning, shaping, and sealing.Surrounding Structures: Knowledge of nearby anatomical landmarks like the maxillary sinus, mandibular canal, and adjacent teeth is important to avoid damaging these areas during surgery.Bone Density and Structure: Variations in bone density and structure can affect the surgical approach and the placement of any necessary bone grafts or materials.Vascular and Nerve Structures: Awareness of the blood vessels and nerves in the surgical area helps in avoiding complications and managing pain.Accurate preoperative imaging and detailed planning are vital to navigate these anatomical features effectively.
Artificial Intelligence in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
This book will give a brief idea about the role of artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial surgery and its future in the field. Authors have tried to review all the studies available on this topic and presented in this book. This book will also give an idea about the pitfalls of Artificial intelligence in the field of OMFS. This book also contains information of the role of artificial intelligence in various field of surgery.
Prosthodontic walk in nanotechnology pathway
Nanotechnology involves the research, development, and manufacturing of materials and devices measured on the nanometer scale. Materials with constituents less than 100 nm in at least one dimension can be classified as nanomaterials. Nanotechnology has found its way into commercial applications of cosmetics, food packaging, and disinfectants for the past two decades.In the field of medicine, nanotechnology and nanomaterials are used for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.Nanomedicine is involved in multiple facets such as drug delivery, surgery, restoration, and replacement of tissues. In dentistry, nanoscience has gained impressive traction in the recent past as it deals with nanostructures for diagnostics and treatment of dental diseases.The aim is to attain perfect oral health with the regeneration of oral tissues using nanomaterials, bioengineering, and nanorobotics.The concept of nanotechnology was first introduced by Richard Feynman in 1959 at a lecture at Caltech where he discussed information on a small scale and the unavoidable use of small robots and computers shortly.
Maxillofacial Rehabilitation
Segmental mandibular resection due to malignant lesions requires maxillofacial reconstruction which aims to maintain or restore the function, achieve Immediate and compete wound closure and produce aesthetically pleasing result after resection. Microvascular free flap reconstruction offers a stable foundation upon which prosthesis can be fabricated. The most preferred osseous flap is the fibula free flap as it is a vascular pedicle that is long and has a large caliber vessel, good bone quality and capacity to shape the bone through multiple osteotomies. The placement of ossointegrated teeth can nearly entirely reconstruct both shape and function. Positive results have been observed with implants positioned both primary and secondary. Primary implants however showed better results as they permit patients to resume oral nourishment as well as start using prosthesis earlier in their healing process. Its additionally reduces the cost by 24% when compared to the secondary placed implants.
Comparing Zoe & Turmeric Dressing in Alveolar Osteitis
Alveolar osteitis, commonly known as dry socket, is a frequent post-extraction complication marked by severe pain that typically begins 24 to 72 hours after tooth removal. Blum IR's study in 2002 highlighted that dry socket arises due to increased fibrinolysis leading to the dissolution of the blood clot, which is crucial for proper wound healing. The condition is associated with pain from exposed nerve endings, kinins released from tissue trauma, and potential infections. This study seeks to evaluate and compare the efficacy of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and turmeric dressing in treating alveolar osteitis, focusing on pain relief, healing time, and patient satisfaction. The study involved a randomised clinical trial with 60 patients diagnosed with dry socket following tooth extraction.
Anterior Aesthetic Restorations
A beautiful smile, the most interactive communication skill of a person, is created with pleasing inherent proportions to one another and a pleasing tooth arrangement in harmony with the gums, lips, and face of the patient. The consequences of unaesthetic anterior teeth in an individual are not only physical but also have an impact on the patient's quality of life. The aesthetic quality of a restoration is as important to the mental health of the patient as the biological and technical qualities of the restoration are to his physical or dental health. Sound knowledge of aesthetic restorative materials as well as the skills that are required in restoring anterior teeth aesthetically while keeping the patient's desires and expectations in mind is truly a great challenge for any dental practitioner. Advent of newer developments such as CAD/CAM technology, has enabled designing and fabrication of restorations in a much simpler and more accurate manner and has helped the dental practitioners in perfecting the art of aesthetically restoring anterior teeth.
Impactions in Orthodontics
Impactions in Orthodontics is a comprehensive guide to diagnosing, and managing impacted teeth in orthodontic patients. The book examines etiology, classification, and clinical evaluation, and analyzes treatment options like surgical exposure, orthodontic traction, and extraction. It emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and provides practical guidelines and case studies. Key topics include prevalence, etiology, classification, and treatment planning. This book is an essential resource for orthodontists and oral surgeons, offering a comprehensive review of current knowledge and best practices in managing impacted teeth in orthodontic patients. It is a valuable reference for researchers and students.
Esthetic Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
Esthetics has become one of the inevitable word in modern dentistry, especially in restorative dentistry. The word 'esthetics' derived from Greek word 'Aesthesis' meaning, 'pertaining to the study of beautiful'. The goal of esthetic dentistry is to be "bright n beautiful but believable". Esthetic restorative materials has capability to mimic the naturality of teeth in appearance such as texture, colour, size etcEsthetic restoration especially in primary teeth can be challenging due to small size of tooth, relatively thin enamel, lack of surface area for bonding, close proximity of pulp to the tooth structure, as well as issues related to behaviour management of child. Variety of esthetic materials are available for restoring primary teeth that involves Intra-coronal & extra-coronal restorations that provides an esthetic appearance as expected by parents for restoration of their children's carious teeth.
Bone Morphongenic Proteins
Periodontal disease is a group of inflammatory diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth resulting in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation. Regeneration of periodontium is a continuous physiologic process, under normal conditions, new cells and tissues are constantly being formed to replace those that mature and die. Regeneration occurs even during destructive periodontal disease. Regeneration of periodontal structures constitutes a complex multifactor process regulated by interaction among cells, hormones, growth factors, and extracellular matrices. Growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing and cellular difeerentiation. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor ? superfamily, which consists of a group of related peptide growth factors.
Feeding Practices and Early Oral Health
Feeding practices in infants plays an inevitable role in pediatric dentistry as they play a significant role in the development and maintenance of oral health from an early age. Proper feeding habits can help prevent dental issues such as early childhood caries, malocclusion and other oral health problems. This book aims to be a comprehensive guide on child feeding and early oral health, offering practical advice and evidence-based strategies to ensure optimal development from a young age. The content covers a wide range of topics, including nutritional guidelines, feeding strategies, and early oral hygiene practices, all aimed at preventing common health issues and promoting long-term wellness. Our objective is to raise awareness about the critical role of early interventions and to provide practical tools that can be easily implemented in daily routines. Through this publication, we hope to empower readers with the knowledge to make informed decisions, thereby improving the quality of life for children. Fostering better eating habits and oral health practices from a young age, we aspire to contribute to a healthier future for the next generation and support the overall well-being.
Biomimetic Pedodontics and Smart Dentistry
Traditional restorative methods often require significant removal of tooth structure to accommodate materials like amalgam or metal crowns. In contrast, biomimetic techniques emphasize minimal intervention by using adhesive materials that bond directly to the tooth surface. In cases where more extensive restoration is necessary, such as with deep cavities or fractures involving the pulp, biomimetic principles can guide the use of bioactive materials. Bioactive materials have the unique ability to release beneficial ions like calcium and phosphate, which promote remineralization and strengthen the surrounding tooth structure. This characteristic is particularly advantageous in pediatric dentistry, where maintaining the vitality of primary teeth until their natural exfoliation is crucial for proper development of the permanent dentition. This book explores a range of innovative biomimetic materials including fiber posts, zirconia, regenerative materials, self-assembling peptides, resin infiltration, and smart materials.
Implant Surgical Guides
The success of implant therapy begins with appropriate treatment planning and properly performed implant placement surgery. Surgical models and guidance have acquired a new dimension with the integration of CAD/CAM technology and computer-guided surgery. With the advent of low-radiation cone-beam computed tomography, access to CT data is simplified and, in turn, advanced diagnosis and fabrication of CAD/CAM surgical guides becomes more realistic. Precision has been improved and uncertainty and surgical time have been reduced, thus addressing complex rehabilitation with greater confidence. In addition, predictable positioning allows for better prosthetic outcome by simplifying abutment selection and avoiding complex laboratory fabrication when misalignment must be corrected. In addition, novel techniques are emerging that may enable the preparation of the final prosthesis before implant placement. Precise guidance is crucial to such complex reconstruction so that minimal adaptation is performed after surgery. Future technical improvements likely will allow dentists to access these technologies while controlling costs, reducing surgical time and minimizing restorative steps.
Indirect Bonding
The indirect bonding technique enables the fixed appliance installation at the orthodontic office, ensuring precise bracket positioning. In this laboratory clinical phase, material and methods employed in creating the transfer tray are decisive to accuracy. Indirect bonding technique stands out for allowing better 3-dimensional visualization of tooth positioning resulting in greater accuracy while positioning the bracket.
The Bite Mark Puzzle
Forensic dentistry is a multifaceted, interesting, and rewarding blend of dentistry and the law. Bite mark analysis is an important aspect of forensic dentistry that is invaluable in solving crimes and in identification of persons involved in criminal activities. The field of bitemark science is quite new and potentially valuable with an increase in need for trained individuals who are experienced in the recognition, collection and analysis of this type of evidence. All humans have an identity in life. The positive identification of a living person using unique traits and characteristics of the teeth and jaws is the cornerstone of forensic science. One of the most intriguing, complex and sometimes controversial challenges in forensic dentistry is the recognition, recovery and analysis of the bite marks with the suspected biters. Bite mark distortion through skin elasticity, anatomical location and body positioning is a recurring problem. The field of bite mark science is expanding, and the need for individuals trained and experienced in the recognition, collection and analysis of this type of evidence is increasing.
Shade Selection in Prosthodontics
Shade selection is a highly complex process that requires an interaction of scientific, physiological, psychological and artistic factors for an accurate outcome. Scientific principles related to light and colour play a key role in determining the tooth shade perceived. However, the perception of colour is dependent upon human vision capabilities which can alter the shade captured by the eyes or its image made in the brain. Any vision related deficiency can seriously affect the reliability of the shades selected or formulated. Furthermore, artistic qualities of an individual can modify the way a shade is observed. The need is not only to have proper training and setup for the routinely used visual method but also to properly understand the various factors involved and their influence on shade selections. This can ensure reliable, repeatable and accurate shade matches on a day-to-day basis.
Acid Etching
Acid etch technique is now widely used for most compositerestorations as a means of aiding retention and reducing or preventingmicro leakage. For class-4 cavities the acid etches technique hasreplaced the gold inlay as the treatment of choice for restoring thetooth contours and function.Bonding of resins using the acid etch technique has also beenused as a means of splinting teeth which have been weakened bycavity preparation.
Nanotechnology and Nanorobotics in Dentistry
Nanotechnology has revolutionized endodontics by leveraging nanosized particles with superior properties, enhancing treatment quality through precise manipulation of dental tissues at the nanoscale. This innovation has enabled the design of materials and instruments with ultrafine architecture, significantly improving clinical dentistry techniques.Robotics holds promise for dentistry, offering enhanced accuracy, predictability, safety, and treatment speed. Despite its potential benefits, widespread adoption has been slow, influenced by technological acceptance and integration challenges. The future of dentistry depends on the successful incorporation of emerging technologies into clinical practice and education, ensuring advancements in patient care are not hindered by initial cost concerns. Embracing these innovations is critical for advancing dental health and treatment outcomes beyond conventional methods.
Role of Lasers in Operative Dentistry & Endodontics
Laser technology for hard tissue application and soft tissue surgery is at a high state of refinement, having had several decades of development, up to the present time, and further improvements can occur. The field of laser-based photochemical reactions holds great promise for additional applications, particularly for targeting specific cells, pathogens, or molecules. A further area of future growth is expected to be a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic laser techniques. Looking to the future, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become essential components of contemporary dental practice over the next decade.
Apical Periodontitis in Obturated Teeth
Post-treatment apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that arises around the apex of a tooth after root canal therapy, usually due to persistent or recurrent infection. Effective management is critical to prevent the spread of infection, alleviate pain, and ensure the long-term success of the treated tooth. Neglecting this condition can lead to severe complications, including bone loss and tooth extraction. Understanding and managing post-treatment apical periodontitis is essential for clinicians to maintain high standards of patient care, improve treatment outcomes, and prevent long-term dental issues, ensuring the overall health and functionality of the patient's dentition.
An insight to prefabricated post system
Aesthetics demands as well as the awareness of patients have increased over the years. A combination of new generation materials with improved clinical procedures has opened more avenues for both the dentist and the patient. Tooth-coloured materials in dentistry have progressed to the point where they can now be used confidently in almost every restorative situations. The implication of direct post and core restorations, associated techniques and materials have also improved significantly with advancement taking place in the field of dentistry and thereby, making this procedure easier than even before.This book is an attempt to review and study the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with different prefabricated post systems.
Traumatic dental injuries in children
Among the myriad challenges we face in dentistry, traumatic dental injuries are a significant concern. Every day, children engage in various activities that put them at risk of dental trauma, whether it's a tumble on the playground, a collision during sports, or simply a misstep at home. Recognizing the profound impact that such injuries can have on a child's physical health, emotional well-being, and overall development, it becomes imperative for dental professionals to be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively manage these cases. In this book, we delve into the nuanced world of traumatic dental injuries in children, drawing upon the latest research, clinical expertise, and practical insights. From the initial assessment and diagnosis to the intricacies of treatment planning and follow-up, each aspect is meticulously explored with the overarching goal of optimizing outcomes and preserving dental function and aesthetics. Pediatric dentists play a pivotal role in managing traumatic dental injuries in children. By fostering a holistic approach that prioritizes both the physical and psychosocial aspects of care, we can empower the children to smile again.
One-piece zirconia implants
Zirconia dental implants have been available for a long time and at first glance, they may have only esthetic interest. However, this work highlights the current data on these implants. According to the data examined, the one-piece zirconia implants with their current properties are much more resistant and allow a more favorable distribution of the constraints compared to Ti. They also have excellent biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. One-piece zirconia implants solve the esthetic problems encountered with Ti implants, especially if the gingival biotype is thin, as well as the problems of hypersensitivity. The indication of one-piece implants seems to be limited for the moment, but with the evolution of assisted implantation, their applications will be more and more used.
Nanomaterials in Periodontics
Nanotechnology is a promising field that plays an increasingly important role in the diagnostics, prognostics, prediction, and management of various treatments. Although achieving the goal of complete and proper regeneration of periodontal tissues, including the cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone for various periodontal management, may not be feasible for many years, recent developments and achievements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology offer promising prospects for commercial applications in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases.
Orofacial Pain
The dilemma to diagnose orofacial pain has been a persistent problem due to the overlapping symptoms of various underlying conditions. The diagnosis of many such condition relies on thorough medical history and clinical examination. This hurdle of accurate diagnosis poses challenges in treating the condition as well. this book explores the basic understanding of neurophysiology, neurobiology and pathways of pain. The various conditions that may present as orofacial pain have been discussed in this book. This understanding of clinical presentations of these conditions like temporomandibular joint disorders, burning mouth syndromes, myofascial pain helps to accurately diagnose and provide effective treatment for the same.
Biofilm in Endodontics
This book entitled "Biofilm in Endodontics". The ultrastructure of Endodontic Biofilm should be precisely studied, so as to better understand its physiology, ecology, pathogenicity and how the Biofilm microbes respond to root canal disinfectants. Unravelling the specific composition of endodontic biofilm will require the integration of sophisticated microscopic and molecular microbiological approaches. This knowledge is of utmost important for a detailed understanding of endodontic biofilms, but also in helping to develop better treatment strategies for its eradication in order to achieve complete disinfection of the root canal system and success of endodontic therapy. This textbook enlightens about Endodontic Biofilm; Its Composition, Types, Ultrastructure, Formation and Elimination. Sincere attempt was made to include numerous figures and tables for better understanding of the subject.
Cleft lip and palate - Alveolar bone grafts
Alveolar bone grafting is a standard procedure for occlusal, aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate. The use of this technique allows for the re-establishment of maxillary continuity, enabling tooth eruption and movement through the formation of a bone bridge. Its varied success rate is related to systemic, surgical and sociocultural factors. This study will assess the success rate of alveolar bone grafts carried out at the Centrinho do Hospital Santo Ant繫nio in Salvador-BA, between January 2013 and December 2014. Data from the medical records of the sample population will be used, as well as a clinical examination and evaluation of radiographic examinations. Epidemiological data will be correlated with the success rates of this procedure in order to establish the possible causes of poor bone formation and graft loss.
Central Giant Cell Granuloma
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a Benign, locally aggressive, nonodontogenic, lesion of the jaw. The ubiquitous presence of giant cells in numerous unconnected bony lesions makes differential diagnosis even more difficult. Clinical, radiological, and, most importantly, biochemical and anatomopathological factors all play a role in the diagnosis of CGCG. This textbook contains a detailed description of CGCG with a list of diffrential diagnoses and latest treatment modalities
Biomarcatori nella malattia parodontale
La parodontite 癡 un gruppo di malattie infiammatorie che colpiscono il tessuto connettivo di attacco e l'osso di supporto intorno ai denti, il cui inizio e la cui progressione dipendono dalla presenza di microrganismi virulenti in grado di causare la malattia. La parodontite 癡 considerata una malattia multifattoriale senza un'eziologia ben definita, per cui la sua identificazione e la diagnosi precoce diventano pi羅 difficili. Gli attuali parametri clinici diagnostici sono stati introdotti pi羅 di 50 anni fa. Ma tutti i metodi forniscono la gravit? della malattia piuttosto che la sua attivit?. Un biomarcatore 癡 una sostanza utilizzata per indicare uno stato biologico e rappresenta una misura oggettiva per valutare l'attivit? presente e futura della malattia. ? definito come - una sostanza che viene misurata oggettivamente e valutata come indicatore di processi biologici normali, processi patogeni o risposte farmacologiche a un intervento terapeutico. Per determinare i biomarcatori nella salute e nella malattia parodontale si utilizzano diversi mezzi biologici come la saliva, il siero e il GCF. Questo libro fornisce tutte le informazioni sui biomarcatori nella malattia parodontale e sulla rilevanza clinica per la determinazione della malattia parodontale.
Physio-chemical Properties of Saliva in HIV infected Children
"Saliva lacks the drama of the blood, the sincerity of sweat and the emotional appeal of tears" (Mandel 1990) Saliva promotes oral health and hence lack of its secretion contributes to disease process. Alteration in physiochemical properties of saliva such as decreased salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and calcium play a major role in the development of dental caries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 1,600 babies born each day with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), while 7,000 youths between 10 to 24 years of age are infected on a daily basis. Of particular concern are the 15.7 million HIV-infected women, many of whom are of child-bearing age and are capable of transmitting this virus vertically to their offspring. Children with perinatally acquired HIV are at greater risk for caries than their siblings.
Precision Attachments
An attachment is defined as "A mechanical device for the fixation, retention and stabilization of prosthesis."The awareness and demand for quality of dental treatment is relatively increasing in recent generation. Various options available for the replacement of partially missing teeth are over dentures, clasp retained removable partial dentures, removable and fixed partial dentures with precision attachments and implants. A removable partial denture with a retained attachment system is one of the treatment modalities which may assist prosthodontist to achieve better functions and aesthetics in substituting missing teeth and oral structures.
Oral health in a women’s prison unit
It's important to say that it was countless reflections that led to this social desire to change dental care in the prison system becoming this book. As such, I cannot fail to highlight the importance and commitment of each author in reflecting, theorising and analysing the reality of our research locations. In view of this, it is hoped that this book will be a starting point for reflection on dental care in the prison system of Jo瓊o Pessoa - PB, as well as a source for the development of new research of the most diverse kinds, because only in this way will we have the realisation of universal human rights.
The Dental Assisting Handbook
Written by second-generation dentist Robert E. Porter, DDS this informative guide provides detailed and salient tips for success in dental assisting. Dr. Porter, with insight from fellow dentists, explains the foundational concepts of dentistry, common workplace expectations, and effective professional behaviors for dental assisting. This guide will empowerprospective dental assistants with knowledge and confidence as they begin their careers in this valued and cherished profession.
The Periodontist’s guide to Furcation Defects
Periodontitis is associated with the accumulation of plaque and calculus and generally has a slow to moderate rate of disease progression, but periods of more rapid destruction may be observed. Increase in the rate of disease progression may be caused by the impact of local, systemic, or environmental factors that may influence the normal bacterial interaction. The progress of inflammatory periodontal disease, ultimately results in attachment loss sufficient enough to affect the bifurcation or trifurcation of multi-rooted teeth & this is the most serious sequels of periodontitis. The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex interplay between pathogenic bacteria in dental plaque and the host immune-inflammatory response. The etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of furcation involvement along with various complications faced in management of furcation involved molars are discussed in this book.
Prosthodontic Considerations in Implant Dentistry
The advent of improved surgical techniques, new and improved grafting biomaterials, multiple dental implant options, and increased knowledge about bone and wound healing in dentistry can offer the patient a natural-appearing final result.The prosthetic considerations include the physical and medical status of the patient, bone evaluation, radiographic considerations, factors that implant selection will affect occlusal scheme considerations and maintenance by the patient, and follow-up by the clinician in day to day life.
Blood and its products in Regenerative dentistry
In the evolving field of regenerative dentistry, the integration of biological materials into therapeutic practices has opened new horizons for patient care and treatment efficacy. At the heart of these advancements lies an often-overlooked yet profoundly vital component: blood and its derived products. The focus of this book, Blood and Its Products in Regenerative Dentistry, is to delve into this crucial aspect of regenerative dentistry, illuminating how blood-derived materials can be harnessed to enhance dental treatments and improve patient outcomes.This book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of blood and its products-such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and other bioactive components-in the realm of dentistry. It is designed to be both a reference and a guide for dental professionals, researchers, and students who are keen to explore and apply these innovative methods in clinical settings.
Complete Denture Occlusion
Occlusion is one of the most important parts of treatment of patients with complete dentures prosthesis. Many denture prosthesis fail if the occlusion is not planned or developed in harmony and therefore the concept of occlusion is universal. The concept of occlusion regarding design and fabrication of a prosthetic occlusion have let to fascinating controversies among occlusion. The Occlusion is bringing together or contacting of the mandibular and maxillary teeth and it is a dynamic concept.
Pre-prosthetic Surgery in Prosthodontics
The success of pre prosthetic surgical preparation depends on careful evaluation and treatment planning. In general, bony abnormalities should be managed first. Associated soft tissue correction is often delayed until bone augmentation and contouring is completed. Simultaneous bony augmentation is attempted, it is aimed at improving contour rather than creating significant augmentation in alveolar height or width. Final prosthesis design and goals of long-term function, esthetic quality, and tissue maintenance must be considered during all phases of treatment When the principles of case selection and treatment outlined previously are followed, excellent results and patient satisfaction can be expected.
Zygomatic Implants in Rehabilitation of Atrophic Maxilla
Zygomatic implants are advanced dental implants intended for patients with severe maxillary resorption. These implants act as a substitute for traditional implants. This graft-less technique, also known as the Zygoma technique, was introduced by Prof.Per Ingvar Branemark. The zygoma implants are inserted into the zygomatic bone to provide support for maxillary teeth, bridges, and dentures. Zygomatic implants are indicated in completely edentulous individuals with severe maxillary atrophy. These implants can also be combined with axial implants. Zygomatic implants are available in lengths varying from 30 to 52.5 mm. The head of the zygomatic implant is engineered to allow prosthesis attachment at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the implant. These implants can also be used in patients who have mobile teeth due to diseases such as generalized aggressive periodontitis. The success rate of zygomatic implants reported worldwide is 97-98%.
Current concepts in the Periodontal Regeneration
Periodontal regeneration is a field of dentistry focused on restoring and regenerating the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Recent advancements in periodontal regeneration have aimed to improve treatment outcomes, enhance tissue healing, and provide more effective and predictable results for patients with periodontal diseases. The restoration of missing tooth-supporting tissues, such as the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, has been the focus of numerous regenerative periodontal therapies over the past 20 years, including guided tissue regeneration (GTR), enamel matrix derivative, bone grafts, growth factor delivery, and the combination of cells and growth factors with matrix-based scaffolds.
”Concentrated Growth Factors
Concentrated growth factors (CGF), was developed by Sacco in 2006CGF is a fibrin-rich organic matrix containing growth factors, leukocytes, platelets, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and CD34+ stem cells that promote regeneration. This fibrin clot exhibits high cohesion due to the agglutination of fibrinogen, factor XIII, and thrombin. The activation of Factor XIIIa by thrombin induces fibrin clotting, offering protection against plasmin degradation and resulting in elevated fibrin tensile strength and stability It includes immunological cells crucial for controlling inflammation and reducing infection. Additionally, CGF exhibits higher adhesive and tensile strength, as well as higher viscosity compared to other platelet preparations.
Digital Radiography in Dentistry
Developments in digital detector technologies have been taking place and new digital technologies are available for clinical practice. This chapter is intended to give a technical state-of-the-art overview about computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) detectors. CR systems use storage-phosphor image plates with a separate image readout process and DR technology converts X-rays into electrical charges by means of a readout process using TFT arrays. Digital detectors offer several advantages when compared to analogue detectors. The knowledge about digital detector technology for use in plain radiograph examinations is thus a fundamental topic to be acquired by radiology professionals and students. In this chapter an overview of digital radiography systems (both CR and DR) currently available for clinical practice is provided.
Salivary Biomarkers
The future of periodontal disease diagnosis using salivary diagnostics appears promising due to its potential to revolutionize how dental health is assessed. Salivary diagnostics offer significant benefits, notably the ability to detect very low levels of specific biomarkers associated with periodontal disease. This sensitivity allows for early detection and intervention, which is crucial for preventing disease progression. Moreover, the non-invasive nature of salivary tests makes them highly attractive for both patients and healthcare providers. However, challenges such as standardization of testing protocols, variability in saliva composition, and integration into existing diagnostic workflows need to be addressed to ensure reliable and consistent results in clinical practice. The development and implementation of modern technologies that use specific biomarkers at the chair side appear to be on the horizon and are likely to increase clinical diagnostic and prognostic insight.
Silver Diamine Fluoride
Tooth decay, often known as dental caries, is one of the most common paediatric disorders globally. Despite significant breakthroughs in preventative and treatment strategies, it continues to harm the community. Silver Diamine Fluoride is an alkaline, colorless solution containing silver, fluoride, and ammonia. The use of silver diamine fluoride in the treatment and prevention of dental caries has been proven. Both children and adults have benefited from its use. Apart from these, the other features of SDF are being investigated and studies are being carried out. SDF is a non-invasive treatment that takes less time in the chair and is useful for individuals who are unwilling to cooperate. This treatment does not require the use of local anesthetic. When compared to other fluoride solutions, SDF penetrates deeper into the tooth. SDF contains fluoride, which induces remineralization and the development of fluorapatite crystals, making tooth structure more caries-resistant, silver which has antibacterial properties, fluoride, which has remineralization properties, and ammonia which acts as a stabilizer.
Public Toothbrushes
Discover the fascinating history, types, and maintenance of public toothbrushes in this comprehensive guide. From ancient techniques to modern innovations, learn how public toothbrushes promote oral health and explore programs and advocacy efforts. Packed with valuable information and resources, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in improving public oral health.
Acute Phase Reactants
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are particularly useful for health monitoring compared to cytokines because they remain stable in circulation for 48 hours or longer after a single stimulus, whereas cytokine levels are cleared within a few hours.Determining APP levels can aid in monitoring the health of individual subjects, especially when multiple acute-phase variables are combined into an index. Thoughtfully selected combinations of variables, which may vary across species, can yield a nutritional and acute-phase indicator (NAPI). Incorporating the acute-phase reaction intofuture health assessment systems for animals and human patients offers a biologically relevant mechanism for evaluating health status.
Digital Radiography in Dentistry
Digital radiography refers to a method of capturing a radiographic image using a sensor, breaking it into an electronic pieces, and presenting and storing the image using a computer. This book intend to give a technical state of the art overview about computer radiography and Digital radiography in Dentistry. Diagnostic accuracy of the detection of carious lesions is increased by digital contrast enhancement and filtering. Measurements of length, angle, and area can be made on a digital image.
Handbook on Occupational Hazards in Dentistry
Dentists face various occupational hazards that can lead to significant health issues, such as infections, harmful materials, radiation, noise, musculoskeletal disorders, stress, dermatitis, respiratory problems, and eye injuries. Despite being relatively safe, dentistry still presents risks that require ongoing safety measures and health management. Dentists face various occupational hazards that can lead to significant health issues over time. Key risks include:1. Infections: Exposure to infections like HIV and hepatitis, particularly through needlestick injuries.2. Dental Materials: Health risks from contact with dental materials necessitate proper handling.3. Radiation: Regular use of X-rays requires strict safety guidelines to minimize exposure.4. Noise: Dental equipment noise can lead to hearing problems.5. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Poor posture and repetitive movements can cause musculoskeletal issues.6. Psychological Problems: The stress of dental practice can result in burnout and anxiety.7. Dermatitis: Contact with irritants can lead to skin conditions.8. Respiratory Disorders: Inhalation of dust and chemicals can cause respiratory problems.
