Lasers in Oral Leukoplakia
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is treated through various medical and surgical approaches aimed at reversing or eliminating changes in the oral mucosa and preventing malignant transformation. Medical interventions involve photodynamic therapy and pharmacological treatments like vitamin A, retinoids, beta carotene, NSAIDs, herbal extracts, bleomycin, and Bowman-Birk inhibitors. Additional treatments include cryotherapy, laser therapy, and cold-knife surgery, each targeting the lesion through different methods. Research on the effectiveness of laser treatment for OL shows varied results, particularly concerning recurrence and malignant transformation. This book aims to better understand the association between treatment outcomes and malignant transformation of OL dealt with lasers and investigate the association between its malignant transformation and related risk factors.
Layering of Composites
Composite resin restorations are quite popular because of its good aesthetics, respectable longevity, and affordable price in response to patients' growing demands for a more aesthetically pleasing dentition. However, many clinicians may find it difficult to understand the shading concepts utilized by manufacturers. The creation of flawless direct composite restorations has long been a difficult task because of the limits of numerous materials that affect surface quality, shade integration, and perhaps color durability. The purpose of this book is to study and describe the key shading concepts available on the market, to assess their ability to replicate natural esthetics, and to provide guidelines for their implementation.
CAD CAM in Fpd
CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology has transformed the fabrication of Fixed Partial Dentures (FPDs). The process involves the digital design and precise milling of prosthetic components, significantly improving accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes.CAD/CAM has revolutionized the design, production, and delivery of FPDs, offering benefits in precision, material options, time savings, and overall patient experience.
Endo Perio Relationship
An endo-perio lesion can have varied pathogenesis which ranges from quite simple to relatively complex one. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. To make a correct diagnosis the clinician should have a thorough understanding and scientific knowledge of these lesions. Therefore, to achieve the best outcome for these lesions, a multi-disciplinary approach should be involved
Necessary precautions for disinfecting toothbrushes
The concepts of oral health and systemic health should not, in principle, be interpreted as separate entities. Oral health is integrated with systemic health, and this information favors the important consideration that oral health means much more than healthy teeth, and that human beings cannot be considered healthy without good oral health conditions. Significant progress has been made in oral health, but there is still a lot of work to be done. There are safe and effective preventive measures that everyone can take to improve their health, and dentists play a key role in disseminating prevention information, especially about the most prevalent oral diseases, i.e. dental caries and periodontal disease. However, many controversies accompany us on a daily basis, for example, if we sterilize or at least disinfect the entire arsenal to be used for dental procedures, doesn't it suggest a paradox that we use the toothbrush as the most commonly used instrument for cleaning the soft and hard tissues of the mouth, without taking any precautions other than simply (and ineffectively) rinsing it under running water after use?
Intrusion Mechanics
Jackson's Triad consists of structural integrity, functional stability, and esthetic harmony. An ideal position of the incisors on its apical base in all three planes of space plays a vital role in achieving this balance. Deep bite (or excessive vertical overlap) is a common symptom associated with Class II malocclusions and can be corrected with various modalities including intrusion of upper and/or lower incisors, extrusion of posterior teeth, and flaring of anterior teeth. The intrusion of the upper and lower incisors is the most effective way of correcting the deep bite, as it moves their root apices closer to the nose and lower border of the mandible, respectively. Intrusion is defined as the "tooth movement that occurs in an axial (apical) direction and whose center of rotation lies at infinity. It is an axial type of translation". It is often associated with an increase in the vertical dimension of the face, as well as an improvement in the aesthetic appearance. Relative intrusion/ pseudo-intrusion of the incisors can also be used, keeping them where they are while the mandible grows and the posterior teeth erupt. This method is used to maintain the mandibular plane angle.
Current Concepts in Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer
Chemoprevention of oral cancer involves the use of natural or synthetic substances to halt, delay, or reverse the progression of carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. This preventive strategy is especially crucial for individuals at high risk due to genetic factors, lifestyle choices such as tobacco and alcohol use, or the presence of precancerous lesions. Agents like retinoids, green tea polyphenols, lycopene, carotenoids have shown promise in clinical trials, demonstrating their potential to modulate pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. By targeting molecular mechanisms that underlie oral carcinogenesis, chemoprevention aims to reduce the incidence and mortality of oral cancer, complementing other preventive measures such as regular screenings and lifestyle modifications.
Indirect Restorations in Dentistry
This book is a compilation of two works in the field of Dentistry related to the specialities of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Prosthodontics. The first work aims to provide, through a case report, information on the CAD-CAM system, its advantages and disadvantages and mode of operation for milling lithium disilicate ceramic blocks because in the current phase of dentistry, CAD-CAM technology brings a new era of aesthetic restorative treatments, with better use of professional time, reduced errors and increased quality through the use of automated techniques. The second study is relevant due to the popularisation of ceramic veneers and ultra-thin ceramic laminates. There is a need to define the correct indication and preparation protocols to guide professionals in clinical practice as to the limitations of each treatment, so the aim of this book is also to describe through a literature review the differences in the indication of the two aesthetic restorative treatments, as well as the variations in preparation methods, difficulties, limitations of the techniques and the differences in adhesive cementation.
The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care
**Selected for 2025 Doody's Core Titles(R) in Dental Hygiene & Auxiliaries** Learn how to apply nutritional principles to promote optimal patient care! The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care, 6th Edition, explains how teaching proper nutrition can improve oral and systemic health. Case studies and clear, full-color photos and illustrations provide a basis for assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating the care of patients. In addition, a solid foundation in nutrition prepares you for the subject's increased emphasis on the NBDHE examination.NEW! Incorporation of the latest federal nutrition standards and initiatives includes Healthy People 2030 and the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for AmericansClinically relevant applications to dental hygiene include a focus on patient education and dental hygiene considerationsVitamin and mineral content is presented based on the oral effects of micronutrientsCase studies and Health Applications in each chapter demonstrate how nutrition concepts can be applied to specific patient situationsRobust practice opportunities allow you to test your comprehension and apply what you've learnedKey terms are highlighted in each chapter and defined in the glossary
Dental caries in adolescents in the city of Recife - PE
Caries disease is characterised as an imbalance in the process of demineralisation and remineralisation, resulting from bacterial accumulation and metabolism on the tooth surface. Education is associated with more frequent brushing; individuals with a higher level of schooling and better socioeconomic status brush their teeth more often and the highest percentage of fluoride toothpaste users belong to the highest income group. Adolescence is considered to be a period of increased risk behaviour for dental caries, due to poor plaque control and reduced oral hygiene care, aggravated by greater independence in relation to the consumption of a more sugary diet. In this context, this study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between dental caries, cariogenic diet and socioeconomic, demographic profile and oral hygiene habits in adolescents dependent on military personnel in the city of Recife, Pernambuco.
Immediate dentine sealing
In restorative dentistry, preserving tooth tissue is a priority. Therefore, minimally invasive restorations like inlays, onlays, and laminate veneers are used. However, dentin tubule exposure is unavoidable regardless of the amount of tooth substance removed. Interim cementation materials often fail to provide adequate sealing, leaving exposed dentin vulnerable to bacterial microleakage and chemical and mechanical stimuli during procedures such as impression-taking, rinsing, drying, function, and the removal of provisional materials. To address these issues and protect the pulp, Pashley et al. introduced the immediate application of a dentin-bonding agent after tooth preparation and before impression taking in the early 1990s. In conventional procedures, dentin sealing occurs at the bonding stage of the final restoration, which leaves exposed dentin susceptible to bacterial infiltration during provisionalization.This work explores the evolution of the bonding procedure and highlight the specific challenges associated with dentin bonding in a first part. Then, it discusses the development and benefits of the immediate dentin sealing procedure.
Canal Disinfection
Endodontic treatment is directed towards the elimination of micro-organisms from the root canal system and prevention of re-infection. Chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal system through a combination of mechanical instrumentation and antibacterial irrigation is a critical stage in aiding in elimination of pulpal tissue, microbiota and their by-products, and organic and inorganic debris hence marking it as the single most important stage in disinfection of the pulp space.This book highlights the role of various irrigants, intracanal medicaments and the latest disinfection techniques useful during and after biomechanical preparation, thus improving the state of the art and science of root canal treatment.
Implant-Abutment Connection
This book aims to evaluate and compare peri-implant hard and soft tissue changes between implants restored with multiple disconnections and reconnections of the abutment (control group) vs implants restored with a definitive abutment (test group). Twenty edentulous sites from 13 systemically healthy participants were selected for the study. The recorded clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP) and peri-implant pocket depth (PIPD). The measured radiographic parameter was peri-implant marginal bone loss (PMBL). Two parameters were measured both clinically and by CBCT: distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest and alveolar ridge width. At the time of surgery, sites were randomly assigned to either the control or test group. At 6 months, (1) BOP was absent in both groups, (2) PIPD increased in both groups and was significantly greater in the control group, and (3) the mean PMBL was significantly higher in the control group than the test group. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of implants with a definitive abutment could be more beneficial in achieving better maintenance of marginal peri-implant tissue health.
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe and debilitating condition that occurs when bone tissue becomes necrotic (dies) following radiation therapy, often used to treat cancers in the head and neck. The condition is primarily caused by radiation-induced damage to blood vessels, which impairs the bone's ability to heal and regenerate.Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation and imaging studies to assess the extent of bone damage. Management of ORN is challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including dental care, surgical intervention, and supportive therapies. Treatment options may include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which helps promote healing by improving oxygen delivery to the affected tissues, and surgical debridement to remove necrotic bone. Preventive measures, such as meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups before and after radiation therapy, are crucial in minimizing the risk of developing ORN.
Digitalization in Prosthodontics
Digitalization has revolutionized prosthodontics by integrating technologies like CAD/CAM, 3D printing, digital imaging, and virtual planning tools. CAD/CAM allows for the precise design and fabrication of dental prostheses using digital impressions, ensuring a perfect fit and optimal aesthetics. 3D printing enables the rapid production of customized dental models, surgical guides, and final prostheses, enhancing functionality and aesthetics. Digital imaging technologies, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital radiography, provide detailed images crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and prosthetic design. Virtual planning tools allow prosthodontists to simulate treatment scenarios and outcomes, improving patient understanding and satisfaction. Additionally, digitalization enhances communication and collaboration among dental professionals, leading to more coordinated and efficient care. For patients, it means shorter treatment times, fewer appointments, and more comfortable procedures, ultimately improving the quality of dental care. As these technologies evolve, the future of prosthodontics looks promising with innovative solutions on the horizon.
Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint in Health and Disease
This textbook focuses on the Temporomandibular Joint through various imaging modalities. It is concise, well laid out/organised, and logically narrated the complex joint in a simplified manner and hence can be treated as a meaningful addition to the existing literature. Though the research on the temporomandibular joint and its disorders has evolved through many years, this book emphasizes the use of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities like CBCT, MRI .USG, CT, Arthrography, SPECT, PET to assess the structural & functional integrity of the joint, evaluate relationships between hard and soft tissues, determine the extent or stage of progression of known disease, and monitor/evaluate the effects of treatment. Ultimately, this approach aims to improve patient outcomes and enhance patient care in the realm of Temporomandibular joint disorders. I wish this new textbook well/success.
Linking Menopause and Periodontal disease
Menopause is a natural biological process that marks a significant milestone in a woman's life, characterized by irreversible alterations in ovarian hormonal functions. Estrogens exert regulatory effects on various organs and tissues throughout a woman's reproductive years by binding to estrogen receptors. These receptors are present not only in the uterus and mammary glands but also in diverse locations such as the urethra, vagina, brain, cardiac cells, oral mucosa, larynx, and periodontal tissues, among others. Estrogen deficiency during menopause can lead to pathological changes in any of these organs, including the periodontium.
Damon System
The Damon System is an orthodontic treatment that uses self-ligating braces to move teeth more comfortably and efficiently than traditional braces. It utilizes a patented slide mechanism to connect archwires to the bracket while allowing the wire to move freely. The Damon System reduces friction and improves oral hygiene by eliminating elastic ties. It's innovative technology allows for more natural tooth movement, resulting in shorter treatment times.
The Complement System and Periodontal Diseases
The complement system plays a crucial role in coordinating host immunity and inflammation. Initially believed to be solely part of innate immunity, further research has revealed that it is a dynamic ensemble that activates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Numerous diseases have been linked to the complement system, leading to the development of various drugs aimed at addressing these conditions. One such significant disease, which shares common mechanisms with periodontitis, is rheumatic diseases, where certain drugs have shown some effectiveness in alleviating symptoms. Applying this understanding to periodontitis and peri-implantitis has shed new light on the role of the complement system in the development of periodontal diseases. Mapping its function in periodontitis could significantly advance complement-targeted therapeutic approaches.
Esthetic Dentistry in Pediatric Practice
The changed paradigm for pediatric restorative dentistry calls for developing dental materials that have the potential to improve aesthetics while simplifying clinical operations. Advancements in science and technology in conjunction with dental material research have provided the pediatric dentist with innumerable opportunities to apply significant developments in material science to the treatment process. However, the selection of the suitable material for an appropriate clinical situation depends on the requirements of the child patient, his cooperative potential, and the experience of the clinician, to ensure the most favorable function, performance, and esthetics. In recent times, the demand for esthetic restorations has increased radically due to enhanced esthetic awareness. Modern adhesive restorative materials and techniques take into consideration the conservation of tooth structure during preparation, and preservation of remaining tooth structure, and are capable of providing precise anatomical morphology with the desirable esthetics.
Artificial Intelligence in Oral Medicine and Radiology
Oral medicine is the specialty concerned with 'dental' and medical related disorders of the oral and the facial region, including orofacial manifestations of systemic diseases. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology as defined by the American Dental Association, is the specialty of dentistry and discipline of radiology concerned with production & interpretation of images and data produced by all modalities of radiant energy that are used for the diagnosis and management of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region. AI can be used as a useful modality in diagnosis and treatment of lesions of oral cavity and can be employed in screening and classifying suspicious altered mucosa undergoing premalignant & malignant changes. In head and neck imaging modalities, AI provides advantage owing to its distinctive ability to learn or interpret plain radiographs, ultrasound, CT, MRI, CBCT & radioisotope scans and to determine deviations from normality that could have gone unrecognized with human eye.
Role of Interarch Distance in Prosthodontic Treatment
Interarch distance, the vertical space between the upper and lower arches when the mouth is closed, is a crucial consideration in prosthodontic treatment. Proper assessment and management of interarch distance are essential for the success of prosthodontic restorations, including dentures, crowns, bridges, and implant-supported prostheses. Correct interarch distance ensures optimal functionality of the prosthesis, enabling effective mastication, speech, and comfort. Additionally, adequate interarch distance contributes to the aesthetic outcomes by maintaining facial proportions and ensuring a natural appearance of the prosthetic teeth. Each patient's anatomical and functional requirements must be meticulously assessed, and customized approaches are necessary to achieve the best clinical outcomes. Proper management of interarch distance ultimately enhances both the functional and aesthetic results of prosthodontic treatments, leading to improved patient satisfaction and oral health.
Digital solutions for recording jaw relationships
In dental medicine, the integration of new technologies aims to optimize patient comfort and treatment outcomes. Digitalization has revolutionized multiple aspects of practice, including impression-taking, occlusal analysis, treatment planning, and manufacturing. This work aims to explore conventional occlusal recording techniques and the transformative role of digital technology in recording jaw relationships.
Sticky Bone
The book introduces the concept of "Sticky Bone," a breakthrough in regenerative techniques that enhances healing in periodontal surgeries. It focuses on the practical application of this method, combining scientific principles with clinical expertise, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of this technique's role in improving patient outcomes. Ideal for dental professionals, this book bridges the gap between theory and practice in periodontal regeneration.
Effects of Maxillary Expansion on Phonetics
Maxillary expansion is a frequently performed orthodontic procedure and significant number of patients present with altered vocal function after maxillary expansion. Our knowledge of these changes auditory and perceptual manifestations is acquired from relatively small-scale investigations that made use of a variety of methods. To further understand the changes occurring across different measurement domains, we combine data from auditory, perceptual, and instrumental assessments and this systematic review was conducted to study the impact of maxillary expansion on speech and the outcomes of this study will assist with pre-treatment and interdisciplinary counselling for orthodontic patients undergoing expansion.
Advanced Diagnostic Techniques in Periodontics
Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral condition, is marked by gum inflammation and the destruction of periodontal tissues. Its progression is irregular, with alternating phases of flare-ups and remission, making diagnosis and prevention challenging for clinicians. New risk factors have been identified, and environmental and genetic influences may affect the disease's pattern. This Book highlights recent advancements in diagnosing and treating the condition and explores various available point-of-care diagnostic tools.
Integrative Analysis of Clinico-Histopathological Diagnoses
This book presents an integrative analysis of the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of oral pathological lesions based on data collected from a hospital-based study. It explores various oral lesions, highlighting the importance of aligning clinical observations with histopathological findings for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. The study emphasizes the critical role of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing oral pathologies and aims to provide valuable insights for clinicians, pathologists, and researchers involved in the management and study of oral diseases.
Comprehensive Morphological Analysis of Cementoenamel Junction Types
This book provides a comprehensive morphological analysis of the different types of cementoenamel junctions (CEJ) found in extracted maxillary and mandibular permanent anterior teeth. It explores the variations in CEJ morphology, their prevalence, and their clinical significance in dental practice. By examining the extracted teeth, the study aims to enhance the understanding of CEJ types, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and management of dental procedures. This work serves as a valuable resource for dental professionals, researchers, and students interested in the anatomical and clinical aspects of the cementoenamel junction.
Skeletal Maturity Indicators in Orthodontics
An understanding of growth events is of primary importance in the practice of clinical orthodontics. Maturational status can have considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment planning, and the eventual outcome of orthodontic treatment. Clinical decisions regarding the use of extra oral traction forces, functional appliances, extraction versus non-extraction treatment, or orthognathic surgeries are, at least partially, based on growth considerations. Prediction of both the times and the amount of active growth, especially in the craniofacial complex, would be useful to the orthodontist.
CAD CAM in Removable Prosthodontics
After nearly 80 years of minimally changed methods and protocols to fabricate complete dentures (CDs), the first commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture systems heralded a new era in removable prosthodontics. The complexity of CD fabrication procedures is the main reason digital technology has become available only recently for CD prosthodontics compared to other fixed prosthodontic restorations. Computer-aided technology is a broad term that implies the use of computer skills to aid in the design, analysis, and manufacture of products. It can either involve additive manufacturing (such as rapid prototyping) or subtractive manufacturing (such as computerized numerical control [CNC] machining). Additive manufacturing, or 3-dimensional (3D) printing, uses images from a digital file to create an object by laying down successive layers of a chosen material. Subtractive manufacturing uses images from a digital file to create an object by machining (cutting/milling) to physically remove material and achieve the desired geometry. In prosthodontics, the subtractive procedure, computer aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD).
Immediate Implant Placement
Restoring teeth to their ideal state regarding form, comfort, appearance, function, speech & general health is goal of modern dentistry. This can be accomplished by treating dental caries or by replacing several missing teeth, fixed, removable, or implant-supported prostheses being most common options.1 Patients who are completely or partially edentulous can now have restorations done on them thanks to placement of endosseous implants. Word "immediate" appears in the implant literature almost every day, albeit it's frequently used ambiguously. When the phrase was first used, it referred to the procedure of placing implant during extracting tooth. It is currently used for refering to the immediate insertion of a provisional restoration into a socket or onto a healed bone complex on an implant that has just been positioned. The phrase is also used when a provisional restoration is positioned on an implant that is placed right away and the restoration needs to accept functional occlusal loads right away.
Orthodontic Considerations of Impacted Teeth and its Management
"Orthodontic Considerations of Impacted Teeth and Its Management" delves into the complexities of diagnosing and treating impacted teeth, a common dental challenge. This comprehensive guide covers the factors leading to impaction, the associated orthodontic implications, and the latest treatment techniques to restore functional alignment. It emphasizes early detection, preventive strategies, and collaboration between orthodontists and oral surgeons to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The book is designed for dental professionals seeking practical insights into the management of impactions, offering evidence-based approaches that minimize complications and enhance treatment efficiency.
Latest Levels of Flouride in India
water is essential for all physiological activities associated with humans, animals and the plant kingdom. However, the nature and quality of surface and ground water are widely variable and are determined by the local geological history, including the rocks and hidden ore deposits nearby the sites for the assembly of the water and other issues, such as the effort of fundamental elements and contaminants by lentic and lotic waters and alternative aquifers.
Tooth Resorption
The earliest mention of dental resorption in literature was in Thomas Bell's 1829 textbook. Over the last years, there has been a substantial increase in reports of resorption in the literature, which has helped in the understanding of the condition and its treatments. Resorption is identified by an increase in osteoclastic cell activity that causes a loss of hard dental tissues. Resorption can happen both internally and externally. From trauma, to prolonged orthodontic treatment, to viruses, to genetic and idiopathic factors, there is a variety of possible etiologic causes of both kinds of resorptions that are central to the understanding and treatment of this condition. When resorption is suspected, a comprehensive examination of the oral cavity and a proper knowledge of the underlying etiology are required for clinical management. Depending on the extent of the lesion, resorption can be arrested by a variety of endodontic treatments that often include root canals or more complex surgical procedures. External or internal resorption, if detected early, can be treated successfully. Resorption eventually leads to tooth loss if not treated.
Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex, sensitive and highly mobile joint. TMJ is the most used joint of the body. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a class of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions associated with morphologic and functional deformities that affect up to 25% of the population. The most frequent structural (as opposed to muscular) cause of TMD is internal derangement. The most common TMJ disorders are pain dysfunction syndrome, internal derangement, arthritis, and traumas. TMD is seen most commonly in people between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and occurs more often in women than in men .The most frequent complaint is pain and a decrease in the maximal interincisal opening (MIO). This book deals with internal derangement and its management including both surgical and non-surgical.
"Human Sputum"
Salivary fluid is an exocrine secretion consisting of approximately 99% water, containing a variety of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate) and proteins, represented by enzymes, immunoglobulins and other antimicrobial factors, mucosal glycoproteins, traces of albumin and some polypeptides and oligopeptides of importance to oral health. There are also glucose and nitrogenous products, such as urea and ammonia. The components interact and are responsible for the various functions attributed to saliva. Saliva is the product of multiple salivary glands lying beneath the oral mucosa. Each day, the human salivary glands produce almost 600ml of serous and mucinous saliva6. Once saliva passes through the ducts and enters the oral cavity, it mixes with blood cells, microorganisms and their products, oral epithelial cells and cell products, food debris and upper-airway secretions.
Overview of hyperplastic tumors of the oral cavity
Hyperplastic tumours or pseudotumours are benign tumours of the oral cavity, generally resulting from irritation by local or general factors.This book presents an overview of hyperplastic tumors of the oral cavity, illustrated by clinical observations and a review of the literature. These observations and literature data cover the clinical and histological features, etiology and management of the different types of these pseudotumors: epulis, gingival hyperplasia, diapneusia and botryomycoma. At the end of this work, the importance of a thorough knowledge of these lesions and a mastery of their diagnostic and therapeutic approach by dentists has been clearly demonstrated, in order to meet patients' needs and perfect management.
Osteoimmunology in Periodontal Disease
Shifts in the composition and quantity of microbes within dental plaque biofilms can drive a local proinflammatory immune response state in the epithelial and gingival barrier connective tissues. Infiltrating proinflammatory immune cells within the inflamed connective tissue secrete local factors that induce paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction.The field of osteoimmunology has emerged in response to the range of evidences demonstrating the close interrelationship between the immune system and bone metabolism.. Molecular insight into the field of osteoimmunology can lead to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of diverse inflammatory conditions. As shown by the clinical benefits conferred by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and anti-interleukin (IL)-6 treatment in RA, osteoimmunological insight is now of obvious importance in clinical applications. Translating these knowledges to periodontal disease in future may benefit the treatment of periodontitis.
Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics
Preventive orthodontics focuses on early interventions to prevent the malocclusions and other dental issues before they become more complex and require extensive treatment. By emphasizing habits such as proper oral hygiene, dietary practices, and early orthodontic evaluations, we can mitigate the need of invasive procedures. This approach not only saves time and resources but also minimizes potential discomfort for patients.Similarly, interceptive orthodontics involves timely intervention during the growth and development of a child's dentition. By addressing emerging problems like overcrowding, crossbites, or protrusions, we can guide facial growth and create a more harmonious relationship between the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures. This not only improves aesthetic outcomes but also contributes to long-term dental health.Through this book, we aim to spread awareness among dental professionals, educators, and the general public about the importance of these preventive and interceptive measures, by educating both current and future practitioners. We hope to foster a culture of proactive dental care that prioritizes patient health and well-being.
Viva Voce 2nd BDS Dental Materials
This book includes viva questions for Dental Material practical exams for dental students.This book helps us to master various Theory and Practical exam topics. This book covers questions related to following topics - Materials used in Orthodontia, Abrasion and Polishing, Dental Implants, Infection Control, Artificial Tooth Materials, Separating Media, Die Spacers, Tray Adhesives and Petroleum Jelly.We would like to extend our gratitude to our esteemed teachers- Dr. Shwetha Poovani, Dr. Krishna Kumar U and Dr. Sindhu K. for constant motivation and encouragement for the success of this book.We would like to thank our batchmates- Lokesh, Prateek, Poorvika, Roopa and Rumana for their constant support.
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy was introduced in dentistry by Baum et al in 1995. This field is making its own prominence in the branch of orthodontics as it has the potential to make possible the prevention of many antenatal, congenital and postnatal genetically induced dentofacial anomalies. Various animal studies that have been started carving niche mainly related to orthodontics are: - i) modulate orthodontic tooth movement, ii) alleviate pain associated with orthodontic mechanotherapy, iii) enhance bone repair and regeneration, iv) improve midface hypoplasia by preventing syndromic craniosynostosis v) modify condylar growth. Significant problems with this field that are rate-limiting for clinical success. To put in a nutshell, gene therapy is a long and rugged road to explore. An urge of shifting from treatment-based to prevention-based approach along with ongoing improvements in technology, will lead to many future advanced investigations and gene therapy will eventually become a staple of 21st century medicine.
Dental caries and associated factors
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an alteration in the composition of the bacterial biofilm, leading to an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization processes. It is the most common childhood disease, affecting 60-90% of school-age children, and is responsible for millions of lost school days every year. It is strongly linked to the patient's dietary habits, sugar intake, salivary flow, salivary fluoride levels and dental preventive behaviours. In developed countries, the prevalence of dental caries is declining due to the installation of community dental facilities and the introduction of preventive programs, whereas an unprecedented increase in prevalence is reported in developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugary foods, insufficient exposure to fluorides, poor tooth-brushing habits and lack of adequate dental services.
Root resorption after aligner therapy
Root resorption is an unavoidable and irreversible process which can lead to shortening of the root apex and is an adverse event post and during orthodontic treatment. It can unpredictably occur with any treatment modality, including aligners. More precise treatment planning and patient's compliance can further aid in reducing the uneventful root resorption. Clear aligner therapy is not inferior to light force fixed orthodontics appliances but are superior to heavy-force orthodontic appliances in the terms of the risk of developing root resorption.
Phonetics and Orthognathic Surgery
Phonetics is the study of sounds of human speech, including their production and perception. Orthognathic surgery, on the other hand, is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting skeletal and dental irregularities of jaw and face and following the completion of growth it is indicated in about 25% of patients with cleft lip and palate. Despite the numerous advantages that orthognathic surgery offers for aesthetics and orofacial functions, velopharyngeal structure manipulation may cause impediment of speech in patients with cleft lip and palate. The velopharyngeal mechanism that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during speech may be adversely affected by orthognathic surgery, which causes the maxilla to advance as the hard palate's posterior edge and the soft palate attached to it advance anteriorly. So, the goal of this systematic review is to analyse the change in speech production post orthognathic surgery for correcting midfacial hypoplasia so that if necessary, speech production can be provided post orthognathic surgery.
Specialized Pro Resolving Lipid Mediators in Periodontitis
Inflammation involves two basic processes: early inflammatory response followed by healing/resolution. Acute inflammation is temporally and spatially controlled to maintain homeostasis. Unresolved acute inflammation is detrimental to tissue function, promoting dysbiosis which leads to chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease of inflammatory origin affecting the teeth' supporting tissues, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal apparatus leading to teeth loss. Tissue destruction is mainly due to the host-derived inflammatory mediators (Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Matrix Metalloproteinases). Inflammation must be resolved to avoid progression to chronic inflammation and promote repair or regeneration. Resolution of inflammation is an active biomechanical process regulated by specialized pro lipid mediators (SPMs) like Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins which will help to return homeostasis.
Immediate Vs Delayed Loading of Dental Implants
In the last few decades implant has emerged overall in all countries and there are different loading protocols for the placement of implants like early loading delay loading or conventional loading. This book is a review on loading protocols in implants for the better understanding of general dentist as well as for implantologists. Different protocols have been discussed briefly for the selection of loading technique in implant dentistry.
Evidence on Effectivness of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Dentinal Caries
Dental caries is defined as a chronic, stereotypically widespread illness which affects child population to variable degree of severity. It is a complex process showing progression involving dietary sugars, bacterial metabolism, demineralization and organic degradation. Dentinal caries is the situation in which caries has progressed into dentine and caused significant loss of structure and lesion depth. Traditional management of dentinal caries has focused primarily on treatment via excision of diseased tissue and subsequent restoration of defect, but it is destructive and irreversible procedure in which healthy dental tissue may get destroyed. The contemporary caries management philosophy has new advancements which changed from traditional approach to medical model, often includes more conservative procedures like fluoride therapy. Among the fluorides agents, silver diamine fluoride is drawing much attention from both researchers and dental clinicians since it has unique ability to halt caries process and simultaneously prevent new caries, makes it different from other agents.
Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing orthodontics by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient care. AI-powered algorithms can analyze dental images, including X-rays and 3D scans, to detect anomalies, predict tooth movement, and assist in creating personalized treatment plans. Machine learning models are being used to automate routine tasks, such as cephalometric analysis and teeth segmentation, saving orthodontists time and improving efficiency. AI also facilitates virtual treatment simulations, helping patients visualize expected outcomes. Additionally, AI-driven chatbots and mobile applications are improving patient engagement and monitoring treatment progress remotely. As AI technology continues to advance, it promises to further optimize orthodontic workflows, reduce treatment times, and improve overall patient outcomes.
