The Making of a Doctor
Short story of Segun and his early development with part of his consultations as a GP covering the period specified in the volume.
Immunohistochemical Expression
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an ancillary method, widely used in pathologists' practice, that allows identifying diagnostic and prognostic/predictive of therapeutic response protein markers on tissue samples by the use of specific monoclonal antibodies and chromogenic substances that guarantee the visualization of an antibody-antigene binding complex under a light microscope [1]. Coon et al., in 1941 [2], first introduced the use of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in clinical practice. Since then, IHC has gone from being a useful tool for identifying the differentiation line of otherwise undifferentiated cells to a technique capable of providing not only diagnostic but also prognostic and predictive indications of responses to specific therapeutic options [1,3]. The abovementioned peculiarities have made IHC one of the most used ancillary methods in the histopathological approach to human neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases [3-5]. This Special Issue contains 11 accepted papers that provide readers with a comprehensive update on current and future applications of IHC in medical practice.
Principles and Practice of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
1: Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and evidence-based medicine2: Literature search for systematic reviews3: Assessing and exploring heterogeneity 4: Assessment of the risk of bias5: Assessment of publication bias6: Data extraction from included studies7: Fixed effect versus random effects model for meta-analysis8: Forest plots in a meta-analysis9: Subgroup and sensitivity analyses10: Rating certainty of the evidence using GRADE guidelines11: Reporting of meta-analysis (PRISMA)12: Critical appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analysis13: Systematic reviews of non-randomised studies14: Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis15: Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy16: Network meta-analysis17: Systematic reviews of animal studies
Seshat Volume 5
Featured Article Themes: COVID-19: Immigration, Ethnic Communities, Mental Health & Vaccine Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder Bacterial Specificity Homesickness Dendrochronology
E-Mental Health and the Modern Mind
Let's talk about e-mental health - our psychological well-being in an electronic space. This electronic space can be any aspect of the digital world, including virtual reality, social media, apps, and websites. While we explore its developments, we face its dangers as well. From the individual psyche to our shared social systems, E-Mental Health and the Modern Mind: Developments, Dangers, and Destruction looks at the factors that adversely affect one's mental health in an electronic space. As this digital world grows more prominent in our everyday lives, we must look at our evolving environmental contexts and rethink our conventional delivery methods of mental health care.
Participatory Budgeting in Europe
Can participatory budgeting help make public services really work for the public? Incorporating a range of experiments in ten different countries, this book provides the first comprehensive analysis of participatory budgeting in Europe and the effect it has had on democracy, the modernization of local government, social justice, gender mainstreaming and sustainable development. By focussing on the first decade of European participatory budgeting and analysing the results and the challenges affecting the agenda today it provides a critical appraisal of the participatory model. Detailed comparisons of European cases expose similarities and differences between political cultures and offer a strong empirical basis to discuss the theories of deliberative and participatory democracy and reveal contradictory tendencies between political systems, public administrations and democratic practices.
Transforming Global Health
This contributed volume motivates and educates across fields about the major challenges in global health and the interdisciplinary strategies for solving them. Once the purview of public health, medicine, and nursing, global health is now an interdisciplinary endeavor that relies on expertise from anthropology to urban planning, economics to political science, geography to engineering. Scholars and practitioners in the health sciences are seeking knowledge from a wider array of fields while, simultaneously, students across majors have a growing interest in humanitarian issues and are pursuing knowledge and skills for impacting well-being across geographic and disciplinary borders. Using a highly practical approach and illustrative case studies, each chapter of this edited volume frames a particular problem and illustrates how interdisciplinary problem-solving can address the greatest challenges in global health today. In doing so, each chapter spurs critical and creative thinking about emergent and future problems. Topics explored among the chapters include: Transforming health and well-being for refugees and their communitiesGoverning to deliver safe and affordable water The global crisis of antimicrobial resistanceLow-tech, high-impact interventions to prevent neonatal mortalityCommunicating taboo health subjectsAlternative housing delivery for slum upgrades Transforming Global Health: Interdisciplinary Challenges, Perspectives, and Strategies is a vital and timely compendium for any reader invested in improving global health equity. It will find an audience with researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and program implementers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students and faculty in the fields of global health, public health, and the health sciences.
Preparing the Public Health Workforce
In concept and practice, public health casts a wide net, spanning assessment, intervention, and policy; education, prevention, and protection; public, private, and government entities. But key elements are often missing from the picture, including a clear understanding of public health and its goals by the general public, and specific public health education throughout the workforce. Preparing the Public Health Workforce responds to these and related challenges by elegantly summarizing the state of the field in an era of dwindling budgets, competing and overlapping services, and a shaky professional infrastructure. In keeping with public health goals set out by the CDC and other leading agencies, the author makes a real-world case for standardizing training, establishing best practices in the field, and coordinating public health systems with their healthcare counterparts. Theory, case examples, tools, and callout boxes highlight knowledge, preparation, and skills professionals need in addressing chronic issues and complex emergencies. Throughout, the emphasis is on greater competency and visibility for the profession, resulting in a more informed, healthier public. Featured in the coverage: Issues in defining the public health workforce.The state of public health education.Practicing and teaching public health: local, national, and international cases.Standardizing public health practice: benefits and challenges.Integrating public health and healthcare.The future of public health as seen from academia and the frontlines. Identifying urgent issues and providing cogent answers, Preparing the Public Health Workforce is a call to action for those involved in creating the next level of public health, including professors, practitioners, students, and administrators.
Shifting Paradigms in Public Health
Foreword.- Chapter 1. Introduction: Public Health in Dilemma of Facticity.- PART I: PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY OF PUBLIC HEALTH.- Chapter 2. Origins and Orientations of Medicine and Health: A Socio-historical Overview.- Chapter 3. Philosophical Historiography of Epidemiology.- Chapter 4. Epidemiology, Sociology and Psychology of Health and Disease.- PART II: METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM IN SOCIAL SCIENCES.- Chapter 5. Ideas and Ideologies of Methodological Individualism in Sociology of Knowledge and Neoliberal Economics.- Chapter 6. Individuation of Psychology.- PART III: STRUCTURE POWER AND THEORY OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES.- Chapter 7. Polemics and Politics of Health Inequalities: A Critique.- Chapter 8. Metaphor of HIV/AIDS Policy: Images and Contexts.- Chapter 9. Epilogue: The Past and Future of Public Health.
The Grim Reaper Wreaking Havoc Since 2019
11th March 2020 - The black day... The day when fate of human survival took a abrupt turn towards the worst... The day when the sun of human existence started overshadowing by the clouds of mortality... The day when no one expected that the same oxygen; which has been the source of life for mankind since the evolution of life, would become so poisonous... The day since when people have been gasping for air and dying just like a fish out of water... The day which marked the mourning of the globe as a result of the deeds of the human beings... The day when a global emergency was declared due to the outbreak of a deadly pandemic which shook all the nations across the globe to their foundations... The day when war cry was heard resonating everywhere... A war which you humans have been battling since past one and a half year against the biggest and most cruelest enemy of all times - COVID-19! Today I am the headline of each and every newspaper. I am the breaking news on each and every news channel. I am the one who has put a "full stop" to the entire world. I am the one who has inflicted physical, mental, economical and social hardships on you people. All thanks to your "karma" I am still thriving on this beautiful planet spreading misery, fear, misunderstandings and death. I am "The Grim Reaper Wreaking Havoc Since 2019".
USMLE Step 1 Preparation Secrets Study Guide
Mometrix Test Preparation's USMLE Step 1 Preparation Secrets Study Guide is the ideal prep solution for anyone who wants to pass their United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1. The exam is extremely challenging, and thorough test preparation is essential for success. Our study guide includes: Step-by-step video tutorials to help you master difficult conceptsTips and strategies to help you get your best test performanceA complete review of all USMLE test sectionsUSMLE and United States Medical Licensing Examination are registered trademarks of National Board of Medical Examiners, which is not affiliated with Mometrix Test Preparation and does not endorse this product.The Mometrix guide is filled with the critical information you will need in order to do well on your USMLE exam: the concepts, procedures, principles, and vocabulary that the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) expects you to have mastered before sitting for your exam.Test sections include: General PrinciplesBody Systems...and much more!Our guide is full of specific and detailed information that will be key to passing your exam. Concepts and principles aren't simply named or described in passing, but are explained in detail. The Mometrix USMLE study guide is laid out in a logical and organized fashion so that one section naturally flows from the one preceding it. Because it's written with an eye for both technical accuracy and accessibility, you will not have to worry about getting lost in dense academic language.Many concepts include links to online review videos where you can watch our instructors break down the topics so the material can be quickly grasped. Examples are worked step-by-step so you see exactly what to do.We've helped hundreds of thousands of people pass standardized tests and achieve their education and career goals. We've done this by setting high standards for Mometrix Test Preparation guides, and our USMLE Step 1 Preparation Secrets Study Guide is no exception. It's an excellent investment in your future. Get the USMLE review you need to be successful on your exam.
Stress and Health
Acute stressful experiences or high levels of chronic stress are risk factors for mental and physical disorders. Insights into the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder and other stress-related disorders experienced by war veterans, refugees, and immigrants are presented. This volume also presents examinations of the pathological effects of stress that may disrupt the normal relationships between individuals and their families. The health of individuals and their children may be enhanced by interventions to help them manage the effects of stressful life experiences and environments. Innovative and effective interventions are examined and their applications are recommended.
Immunization and States
Globally, there has been a move away from national public sector vaccine development over the past thirty years. The Immunization and States: The Politics of Making Vaccines explores vaccine geopolitics, analysing why and how this move happened, before looking at the ramifications in the context of COVID-19.
Environmental Systems Science
Environmental Systems Science: Theory and Practical Applications looks at pollution and environmental quality from a systems perspective. Credible human and ecological risk estimation and prediction methods are described, including life cycle assessment, feasibility studies, pollution control decision tools, and approaches to determine adverse outcome pathways, fate and transport, sampling and analysis, and cost-effectiveness. The book brings translational science to environmental quality, applying groundbreaking methodologies like informatics, data mining, and applications of secondary data systems. Multiple human and ecological variables are introduced and integrated to support calculations that aid environmental and public health decision making. The book bridges the perspectives of scientists, engineers, and other professionals working in numerous environmental and public health fields addressing problems like toxic substances, deforestation, climate change, and loss of biological diversity, recommending sustainable solutions to these and other seemingly intractable environmental problems. The causal agents discussed include physical, chemical, and biological agents, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), SARS-CoV-2 (the COVID-19 virus), and other emerging contaminants.
Emerging Drugs in Sport
Athletes are always aiming to be faster, better, stronger. New techniques to enhance their sporting performance have increasingly been linked to use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and other hard-to-detect substances like performance-enhancing drugs. This book offers a timely analysis of the new challenges posed by this phenomenon in the anti-doping community. The authors present the first comprehensive perspective on the rapidly shifting doping scenario and reflect on use, regulation, policy, and market structure of NPS used in sports. They highlight the challenges with the list of prohibited substances and methods in and out of competition. They also evaluate how methods to detect new drugs present an ongoing battle for doping control as they have to be adapted constantly. Topics covered within the chapters include: Contamination of Sports Supplements with Novel Psychoactive SubstancesUntested Supplement Use Among Athletes: An Overlooked Phenomenon?International Drug Control: Protecting the Health of the AthleteAnalysis of New Chemical Entities in a Sport Context Emerging Drugs in Sport establishes a clear benchmark on the policy discussion, drawing from available evidence and sources, including athletes' personal experiences, to generate a fact-based resource that informs a research as well as wider audience. The book is essential reading for those working in anti-doping, substance misuse, sports, ethics, and human enhancement. It also is useful for policy-makers, legislative personnel, and other professionals with an interest in protecting clean sport."Doping is one of the greatest threats to the integrity of sport. We must never be tempted to turn our back on the problem and hope it will disappear. The benefits and values of clean sport have never been more important to the world. That is why this book withits wide-ranging approach is so valuable." Thomas Bach, President, International Olympic Committee"Physical activity is vital to a healthy living, which is why doping is not just an assault on fair competition, but also on health. I strongly commend this book for compiling advanced knowledge on performance-enhancing drugs and promoting health through sport." Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General, World Health Organization
Inequalities in Underserved Communities- a Public Health Perspective and in Covid19
The book looked into how some people go through difficult times created by others in other to exist. Some individuals in the society consistently make living more uncomfortable for others directly or indirectly. Inequalities in life among human society is seen by some people as a norm while others grumble about it. In a democratic society, citizens assume freedom with the expectations that having representatives they elected by majority vote will protect their interests. The irony is that some elected officials representing and expected to protect and fight for the interest of those who voted them into office turn their back to pursue a different and personal interests. The book also looked into how epidemiology is viewed by scholars and the role it plays in public health. It further integrated epidemiology with evidence-based studies that shape public health policies and public health outcome with example in COVID19 pandemic.
The End of an Antibiotic Era
In this monograph, journalist Rinke van den Brink takes a closer look at the limitations and risks of today's antibiotic use. Though all developed societies have grown accustomed to successfully treating bacterial infections with these wonder drugs, the author focuses on the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant infections. By examining recent mass outbreaks, readers will gain a better understanding of the global impact of antimicrobial resistance - one of the most serious public health threats today. Following this somewhat disquieting review of the status quo, interviews with a number of specialists provide an outlook on possible solutions. In a world that is more connected than ever, partnerships between different healthcare systems are becoming all the more important. Rinke van den Brink uses the example of a border-spanning collaboration between the Netherlands and Germany to demonstrate how effective lines of communication can be established. The book offers a wealth of useful background information for healthcare personnel. Not only does it share insights into the functional microbe-antibiotic relationship; it also discusses how clinics can effectively address outbreaks, helping readers to learn from past experiences and develop effective new strategies.
Inequalities in Underserved Communities- a Public Health Perspective and in Covid19
The book looked into how some people go through difficult times created by others in other to exist. Some individuals in the society consistently make living more uncomfortable for others directly or indirectly. Inequalities in life among human society is seen by some people as a norm while others grumble about it. In a democratic society, citizens assume freedom with the expectations that having representatives they elected by majority vote will protect their interests. The irony is that some elected officials representing and expected to protect and fight for the interest of those who voted them into office turn their back to pursue a different and personal interests. The book also looked into how epidemiology is viewed by scholars and the role it plays in public health. It further integrated epidemiology with evidence-based studies that shape public health policies and public health outcome with example in COVID19 pandemic.
Budgeting and Performance Management in the Public Sector
This book reviews and investigates the key components of NPM, NPM and PV, and discusses what lies beyond these acronyms. Specifically, this book stands out in its use of performance measurement and budgetary lenses to explore the multidimensional processes of reform and change in the public sector.
Modern Epidemics
COVID-19 has made us all aware of the fact that we live in a world full of invisible enemies. Normally, we don't even realize they're there, but from time to time one of these microscopic creatures becomes powerful enough to turn everything upside down. What are these invisible enemies, and how can we prepare ourselves for the pandemics of the future? A specialist in the cellular biology of diseases, Salvador Macip explains, in a language everyone can understand, what it means to share the planet with millions of microbes - some wonderful allies, others terrible foes. He provides a concise account of epidemics that changed history, and focuses on the great modern plagues that are still causing millions of deaths every year, from influenza, TB and malaria to COVID-19. Macip also examines the methods we have used - from vaccines to improved sanitation and social distancing - to try to control these invisible enemies. This authoritative overview of modern epidemics and the pathogens that cause them will be essential reading for anyone who wants to understand our world today, a world in which some of the greatest threats to the human species come from the invisible microbes with which we share this planet.
Online Health Forums and Services
The internet provides a major source of exchanging health information through online portals and new media. Internet users can access health sites and online forums to obtain health information. In turn, these information sources act as a catalyst for wellbeing and improving personal health care behaviors and routines. Competent health institutions encourage the development of these individual behaviors that enable individuals to increase health empowerment and to take responsibility for their own health needs, diagnosis and treatment.Online Health Forums and Services: Benefits, Risks and Perspectives is an investigation of the use of online health forums and services. The author first introduces the reader to the theories that define online social behaviors in terms of health care services. The chapters following this introduction attempt to account for the variations in online health care portal use and to what extent does social networking induce variations in health behaviors grounded in theory. A summary of media used for affecting health behavior change is also provided along with a discussion of the socioeconomic attributes of the individuals most likely to be affected in terms of their health behaviors.The book provides a comprehensive perspective that links the aspects of the micro-level use of the Internet for health purposes (accessing health related websites, participation in health forums and networking sites) to the macro level practices of telemedicine. Readers will be able to understand the social and health characteristics of the different groups of patients and estimate the extent to which individuals in need of health and medical information are taking advantage of the availability of information and communication platforms to improve their health, or if they are being left behind. This is a timely reference for healthcare professionals, researchers and consultants involved in digital health care initiatives and public health administration who are seeking information about how access to online health information can influence lifestyles in a way that impacts human behavior in a positive, meaningful way.
Egypt’s Other Wars
Three devastating epidemics swept Egypt in the 1940's killing more people than all the wars Egypt has fought in the twentieth century. Egypt's Other Wars vividly reconstructs the nation's struggle against malaria, relapsing fever, and cholera and explores the unique combination of forces that put public health at the top of the national political agenda. Egypt in the 1940s was in the throes of a nationalist upheaval. Nationalists of all political ideologies attributed the severe epidemics that the country was experiencing to Egypt's status as an underdeveloped and colonized nation. The epidemics were therefore viewed for the first time as not only a public health crisis but also a political problem that called for a political solution.
Global Climate Change, Population Displacement, and Public Health
This timely text examines the causes and consequences of population displacement related to climate change in the recent past, the present, and the near future. First and foremost, this book includes an examination of patterns of population displacement that have occurred or are currently underway. Second, the book introduces a three-tier framework for both understanding and responding to the public health impacts of climate-related population displacement. It illustrates the interrelations between impacts on the larger physical and social environment that precipitates and results from population displacement and the social and health impacts of climate-related migration. Third, the book contains first-hand accounts of climate-related population displacement and its consequences, in addition to reviews of demographic data and reviews of existing literature on the subject. Topics explored among the chapters include: Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans Hurricane Maria and Puerto Rico The California Wildfires Fleeing Drought: The Great Migration to Europe Fleeing Flooding: Asia and the Pacific Fleeing Coastal Erosion: Kivalina and Isle de Jean Charles Although the book is largely written from the perspective of a researcher, it reflects the perspectives of practitioners and policymakers on the need for developing policies, programs, and interventions to address the growing numbers of individuals, families, and communities that have been displaced as a result of short- and long-term environmental disasters. Global Climate Change, Population Displacement, and Public Health is a vital resource for an international audience of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers representing a variety of disciplines, including public health, public policy, social work, urban development, climate and environmental science, engineering, and medicine.
Skin Disorders in Vulnerable Populations
This book focuses on neglected skin diseases and conditions in resource-poor countries through the lens of livelihoods. These diseases, when neglected, not only affect the skin, but also joint movement and physical appearance, severely influencing the lives and livelihoods of individuals and families in vulnerable communities. The book explores why neglected skin diseases thrive in resource-poor countries, and considers how this cycle might be broken by looking at the impact on livelihoods and access to healthcare in affected communities. The research is shaped by three guiding questions: Firstly, why have some measures been successful in one part of a population and not the other? Secondly, what is unique about vulnerable populations in various parts of the world? And thirdly, can the cycle of debilitating skin diseases and conditions in resource-poor countries be broken? In addressing these concerns, the book excavates past and present efforts in public health measures to combat these diseases, considers the impact of culture and livelihoods, and reviews some of the milestones in disease elimination and eradication. This book will be an indispensable source for health service planners, administrators and practitioners working with vulnerable populations, as well as students and researchers in public health.
Promoting Healthy and Supportive Acoustic Environments
This book gathers 14 original contributions published in an IJERPH Special Issue that deal with the perception of environmental sounds and how such sounds are likely to affect human quality of life and well-being and the experience of a place. The research focus over the years has been gradually shifting from treating sound simply as "noise" and something that cities should get rid of to a potential "resource" to promote and support community life in public spaces. Three main topics or "needs" to be addressed by researchers and practitioners emerged from this Special Issue: (1) the need to re-think "quietness" in cities as something that goes beyond the mere "pursuit of silence", (2) the need to integrate additional contextual factors in the characterization and management of urban acoustic environments for public health, and (3) the need to consider the acoustic quality of indoor spaces as opposed to an outdoor-only perspective. The contributions collected in this book will hopefully trigger new questions and inform the agenda of future researchers and practitioners in the environmental acoustics domain.
Holistic Perspectives on Trauma
Children with a history of significant neglect and/or physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse are at higher risk for developing long-term emotional, behavioral, and mental health concerns, which have implications past childhood and into adulthood. Early trauma impacts individuals' health in ways that reach far past the obvious and immediate damage. It correlates with higher incidences of various mental health disorders, it can alter brain structures, and it can make individuals more susceptible to a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, fibromyalgia, and diabetes, among others.The research collected in this compendium offers vital guideposts to professionals across a wide spectrum of disciplines. It provides a foundation for ongoing research into this area of study, which is so vital for the well-being of our children and their futures. Understanding the long-term effects of childhood trauma is now integral to the daily clinical practice of professionals from many fields, including educators, social workers, mental health professionals, family and substance abuse counselors, police, caregivers, and criminal justice service providers. The boundaries between social workers and other professionals are blurred or nonexistent. This insightful book provides a nuanced look at the outcomes of childhood trauma and provides a greater understanding to help build more effective cross-disciplinary intervention strategies.
Adolescent Mental Health
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Mental illnesses are often difficult to treat. They do not just affect individuals, they are rooted within communities and affect many other aspects of individuals' social and physical lives as well. This book examines mental health specifically in adolescents, exploring how mental illnesses interface with communities, schools, families, and peers. It also explores the connotations for educators, social workers, medical professionals, and public policymakers. The various sections cover the following topics: - The interactions of adolescent mental health with the broader cultural and socioeconomic communities- The interactions of the educational community on adolescent mental health- The impact of peer and family relationships on adolescent mental health- Case studies of successful community interventionsThis accessible reference volume offers a comprehensive guide to the multifaceted field of adolescent mental health. Edited by a physician at Boston Children's Hospital, this book is an important resource for educators, parents, social workers, researchers, clinicians, public policy makers, and all who wish to understand the complex interactions involved in comprehending and treating mental health disease in young people.
Sex, Gender and Substance Use
"Sex, Gender and Substance Use" describes how both biological and social factors affect people's use of substances. There is a lot of research carried out on substance use, prevention and treatment in which sex and gender are missing. This book describes the concepts of sex and gender, what they mean and why including them in substance use research, practice and policy is vital. Substances such as alcohol, drugs, nicotine, and tobacco all have differential effects on females and males. Social and cultural gendered factors affect how women and men react to prevention, treatment and policies. The book includes numerous examples of how sex- and gender-sensitive research can increase our understanding and improve prevention and treatment, and why striving for gender-transformative substance use practice and research remains a gold standard.
From Basic Research to New Tools and Challenges for the Genotoxicity Testing of Nanomaterials
This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage-the first step in carcinogenesis-must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.
Brain Beat
Brain Beat: A Scientific and Evolutionary Perspective of Brain Health examines the origins of the pillars of brain health, expounding the current scientific basis for recommending physical exercise, cognitive exercises, sleep hygiene, socialization and brain-foods. However in addition to the "how" question, the more important "why" question is addressed from a neuro-archeological and evolutionary standpoint. The clinical and laboratory brain sciences are replete with ever increasing numbers of publications about brain plasticity and the powerful aspects of preventative medicine. Once dismissed as non-existent, we now know that brain plasticity and "brain building" occurs on a daily basis. Why did physical exercise evolve to produce new brain cells and connections and how and why did we become "born runners" and become "wired to run"? Why an important function of sleep is the pruning the brain's connections made during the day and why are diverse diets associated with good health in differing traditional human societies? Why is socialization protective against dementia and cardiovascular disease? New scientific, evolutionary and anthropological research is presented on how these processes were ingrained into our brain circuitry and linked to appropriate reward mechanisms, some of which have resulted in "mismatch diseases" today. Disparate disciplines such as geology, climatology and astrophysics give insights as to how our body, brain and mind were forged by "fire and ice". With a better understanding of how we evolved, comes improved adherence and compliance to healthy living proclivities. "In this clearly written book Dr. Michael Hoffman, an outstanding behavioral neurologist, describes the evolution of the human brain. This knowledge of evolution allows the reader to better understand the brain's function, as well as the means by which we older people can help preserve this penultimate gift of nature." Kenneth M. Heilman MD, FAAN The James E. Rooks Jr. Distinguished Professor Department of Neurology University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL."This intriguing book by Dr. Michael Hoffmann is full of interesting points about the connections across our brain, behavior and the world we inhabit. He combines evolutionary concepts with history, philosophy, science and medicine. Everything is connected and his innovative concepts can help us explain the intersection between environment and our brain, and motivate the reader to take better control of their own brain health." Ralph L. Sacco MD MS FAHA FAAN Professor and Olemberg Chair of Neurology Executive Director McKnight Brain Institute Chief of Neurology Jackson Memorial Hospital Miller School of Medicine University of Miami BRAIN BEAT is a scholarly and exceptionally lucid presentation of Neuroarcheology and brain health. It is also a good read. What I find most useful is the gradual and fascinating exposition of how present-day individuals have evolved from earliest origins to the point where we are changing ourselves through what is now called cultural Neuroarcheology. The explanations of biological, neurological, and psychological specifics provide the beginner with a solid scientific background, and the professional with a new way to think. Lucid, scholarly, and a fascinating read, BRAIN BEAT will provide you with both the basics and advanced aspects of Neuroarcheology and how it relates to brain health. This integrative new field brings the sciences and social sciences into a new theoretical and practical integration. Dr. Hoffman makes Neuroarcheology understandable to the lay public, while simultaneously challenging us professionals to "think different." If you are serious about life, don't miss this important book. In short, this book is outstanding. Allen E. Ivey, Ed.D., ABPP Distinguished University Professor (Emeritus) University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Revision in Sciences Basic to Ophthalmology
Suitable for candidates preparing for postgraduate examinations in ophthalmology, principally the FRCOphth Part I, this book covers the various sciences fundamental to ophthalmology: anatomy (60 questions), physiology (93 questions), pharmacology (36), pathology (33) and microbiology (42). It features a set of 21 structured essay plans.
Economics of Public Health
This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.
Quality of Life
The Covid-19 pandemic has shown the need for a fresh look at health and health care. This book offers a philosophical critique of medicine as applied science, but more positively it stresses the social causes of disease and argues for greater equity in the distribution of resources and the benefits of a wider evidence-base for medical treatments. The suggested approach requires a new direction for medical ethics, one which uses the arts and humanities and leads to a revised idea of medical education and medical professionalism. The suggested approach implies a move away from the individualistic philosophy of medicine towards a new aim -- community-based quality of life. The achievement of this aim certainly requires an expansion of public health medicine and health promotion but it also requires medical co-operation with the many arts and other community agencies concerned with our health and well-being. Doctors and other health professionals must work through the community rather than on it.
Studying Brain Activity in Sports Performance
The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book "Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform" bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.
The Covid-19 Catastrophe
This expanded, updated, and completely revised edition of The COVID-19 Catastrophe is the authoritative guide to a global health crisis that has consumed the world. Richard Horton, editor of the medical journal The Lancet, scrutinises the actions taken by governments as they sought to contain the novel coronavirus. He shows that indecision and disregard for scientific evidence has led many political leaders to preside over hundreds of thousands of needless deaths and the worst global economic crisis for three centuries. This new edition provides a systematic discussion of the pandemic's course, national responses, more transmissible mutant variants of the virus, and the launch of the world's largest ever vaccination programme. Only now are we beginning to understand the full scale of the COVID-19 crisis. We need to learn the lessons of this pandemic, and we need to learn them fast, because the next pandemic may arrive sooner than we think.
Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Mental Health Prevention and Treatment
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to deliver psychological services has been emerging as an effective way of increasing individual access to mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. This Special Issue brings together different contributions focusing on the acceptability and feasibility, (cost-)effectiveness, potentialities, and limitations of ICT-based psychological services for mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. In each paper, the implications for the implementation of ICT tools in different settings (e.g., primary care services) and for future research are discussed.
Big Data in Dental Research and Oral Healthcare
Progress in information technology has fostered a global explosion of data generation. Accumulated big data are now estimated to be 4.4 zettabytes in the digital universe; and trends predict an exponential increase in the future. Health data are gathered from professional routine care and other expanded sources including the social determinants of health, such as Internet of Things. Biomedical research has recently moved through three stages in digital healthcare: (1) data collection; (2) data sharing; and (3) data analytics. With the explosion of stored health data, dental medicine is edging into its fourth stage of digitization using new technologies including augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Big data collaborations involve interactions between a diverse range of stakeholders with analytical, technical and political focus. In oral healthcare, data technology has many areas of application: prognostic analysis and predictive modeling, the identification of unknown correlations of diseases, clinical decision support for novel treatment concepts, public health surveys and population-based clinical research, as well as the evaluation of healthcare systems. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current knowledge with state-of-the-art theory and practical information on human and social perspectives that determine the uptake of technological innovations in big data science in the field of dental medicine. Moreover, it will focus on the identification of future research needs to manage the continuous increase in health data and to accomplish its clinical translation for patient-centered research and personalized dentistry. This Special Issue welcomes all types of studies and reviews considering the perspectives of different stakeholders on technological innovations for big data science in all dental disciplines. Kind regards,
Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health
Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health brings together the evidence behind the UK's public health priorities into one comprehensible textbook.
Anthropology of Tobacco
Tobacco has become one of the most widely used and traded commoditites on the planet. Reflecting contemporary anthropological interest in material culture studies, Anthropology of Tobacco makes the plant the centre of its own contentious, global story in which, instead of a passive commodity, tobacco becomes a powerful player in a global adventure involving people, corporations and public health. Bringing together a range of perspectives from the social and natural sciences as well as the arts and humanities, Anthropology of Tobacco weaves stories together from a range of historical, cross-cultural and literary sources and empirical research. These combine with contemporary anthropological theories of agency and cross-species relationships to offer fresh perspectives on how an apparently humble plant has progressed to world domination, and the consequences of it having done so. It also considers what needs to happen if, as some public health advocates would have it, we are seriously to imagine 'a world without tobacco'. This book presents students, scholars and practitioners in anthropology, public health and social policy with unique and multiple perspectives on tobacco-human relations.
Applied Biostatistical Principles and Concepts
This book provides practical knowledge to biomedical researchers using biological and biochemical specimen in order to understand health and disease processes at cellular, clinical, and population levels. Concepts and techniques provided will help researchers design and conduct studies, then translate data from bench to clinics.
Digital Health
Digital health represents the fastest growing sector of healthcare. From internet-connected wearable sensors to diagnostics tests and disease treatments, it is often touted as the revolution set to solve the imperfections in healthcare delivery worldwide. While the health value of digital health technology includes greater convenience, more personalized treatments, and more accurate data capture of fitness and wellness, these devices also carry the concurrent risks of technological crime and abuses pervasive to cyber space. Even today, the medical world has been slow to respond to these emerging risks, despite the growing permanence of digital health technology within daily medical practice. With over 30 years of joint experience across the medical and cybersecurity industries, Eric D. Perakslis and Martin Stanley provide in this volume the first reference framework for the benefits and risks of digital health technologies in practice. Drawing on expert interviews, original research, and personal storytelling, they explore the theory, science, and mathematics behind the benefits, risks, and values of emerging digital technologies in healthcare. Moving from an overview of biomedical product regulation and the evolution of digital technologies in healthcare, Perakslis and Stanley propose from their research a set of ten categories of digital side effects, or "toxicities," that must be managed for digital health technology to realize its promise. These ten toxicities consist of adversary-driven threats to privacy such as physical security, cybersecurity, medical misinformation, and charlatanism, and non-adversary-driven threats such as deregulation, cyberchondria, over-diagnosis/over-treatment, user error, and financial toxicity. By arming readers with the knowledge to mitigate digital health harms, Digital Health empowers health practitioners, patients, and technology providers to move beyond fear of the unknown and embrace the full potential of digital health technology, paving the way for more conscientious digital technology use of the future.
Public Health Informatics and Information Systems
This revised edition covers all aspects of public health informatics and discusses the creation and management of an information technology infrastructure that is essential in linking state and local organizations in their efforts to gather data for the surveillance and prevention. Public health officials will have to understand basic principles of information resource management in order to make the appropriate technology choices that will guide the future of their organizations. Public health continues to be at the forefront of modern medicine, given the importance of implementing a population-based health approach and to addressing chronic health conditions. This book provides informatics principles and examples of practice in a public health context. In doing so, it clarifies the ways in which newer information technologies will improve individual and community health status. This book's primary purpose is to consolidate key information and promote a strategic approach to information systems and development, making it a resource for use by faculty and students of public health, as well as the practicing public health professional. Chapter highlights include: The Governmental and Legislative Context of Informatics; Assessing the Value of Information Systems; Ethics, Information Technology, and Public Health; and Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security. Review questions are featured at the end of every chapter. Aside from its use for public health professionals, the book will be used by schools of public health, clinical and public health nurses and students, schools of social work, allied health, and environmental sciences.
Seshat Volume 2
Featured Article Themes COVID-19 Communities COVID-19 Mental Health and Activities Space Exploration Canadian Public Health Perspectives
Uncertainty in Medicine
Medical uncertainty has been with us for centuries and remains a recurrent problem for patients, doctors, and researchers alike. Yet uncertainty in health care is still poorly understood and ineffectively managed; it is generally feared and avoided rather than directly confronted. This systemic disregard of uncertainty leads us to treat medical uncertainty as a pathological condition to be cured through the pursuit of knowledge, but often further medical knowledge begets further uncertainty in kind. Uncertainty in Medicine offers an alternative, multi-disciplinary perspective on this challenging problem. Integrating insights across clinical medicine and social science, Dr. Paul Han argues that uncertainty is an essential form of knowledge to be cultivated, rather than eradicated, in medical practice. He makes the case that the paradigm of medicine should be expanded to include not only the pursuit of medical knowledge but the treatment and palliation of medical uncertainty and its effects on physicians, other health professionals, and patients. Using clear language and a textbook approach, he analyzes the nature, etiology, and natural history of medical uncertainty, and develops a conceptual framework to guide its management. By promoting a more systematic way of conceptualizing the problem, this framework can enable clinicians and patients to better address medical uncertainty, and can help make uncertainty tolerance a more central focus of medical care. Rational and reassuring, Uncertainty in Medicine forges a new path for approaching medical uncertainty by arming readers from an array of disciplines with the tools they need to diagnose, treat, and confront its challenges more intentionally and effectively.
Male Same-Sex Sexuality and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
Offers a scholarly overview of male same-sex sexuality and HIV in selected African countries Demonstrates how discourse around HIV and gay men is evolving Presents models to effectively address the health and prevention needs of gay men in African countries
VTNE Secrets
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