Development of Air Force Acquisition Officers
One of the top priorities for both the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff is 'Recapturing Acquisition Excellence.' The most effective way to reach this goal is through a talented, knowledgeable, and exceptional acquisition workforce. While there are plans to improve the acquisition workforce, we are currently not doing enough to develop our acquisition officers, specifically scientists, engineers, and program managers. The AF must ensure it has the right policies and practices to shape which young officers enter the AF in these career fields. Once the right type of acquisition officers are placed into the right organizations at the right amount, we must ensure we focus on the critical stage of their development: when officers are young lieutenants and captains. Proper development at this junior stage must focus on supervision, training, and career broadening assignments. While early development is critical, we must also continue to develop acquisition officers as they grow into majors, lieutenant colonels, and colonels. These senior acquisition officers must be given the promotion and leadership opportunities to enable them to be leaders both in the acquisition corps, as well as across the AF. Through focused development, the AF will have a capable, motivated, intelligent acquisition officer corps ready to lead the DoD acquisition community and better able to recapture AF acquisition excellence.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Eleven Year Retrospective of the Acquisition Review Journal
The purpose of this research was to examine the evolution of the Acquisition Review Journal (ARJ) through its first eleven years of publication. Researchers will assess the Defense Acquisition community through a review of ARJ articles. It considers what areas academics and practitioners have explored and how they have done so. This review documents such characteristics as areas of study, methods of study, and contributors. Trends are identified and conclusions are drawn as to the contribution of the ARJ to the Defense Acquisition community of practice.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Examination of the Past Performance Procedures Used in Air Force Materiel Command Source Selections
The Air Force Materiel Command's mission is to acquire and maintain Air Force weapon systems. The primary contracting method of acquiring weapon systems uses source selections. A source selection is a means of evaluating proposals in terms of credibility, performance, and cost. Among the different criteria used in this selection, recent emphasis has been placed on the use of past performance. Formal guidelines for collecting and storing past performance information have already been established for acquisitions over $5 million. However, recent policy has directed the use of past performance for all acquisitions over $100,000. Presently, the $100,000 to $5 million range leaves contracting officers and buyers great flexibility and little guidance in utilizing past performance for their source selections. The purpose of this exploratory study is to demonstrate how these professionals are responding to the past performance emphasis within this acquisition range. Methods of collecting, storing, and protecting past performance information were obtained as well as the kinds of information. How they determine the information's relevancy was also outlined. In addition, this research effort probed lessons learned by these acquisition professionals.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Outsourcing and Privatization
Outsourcing and privatization conversions represent an essential ingredient in shaping the United States Air Force's contribution in meeting the Nation's security needs of the future. Performed properly, outsourcing and privatization will reduce the support 'tail' of the Air Force, at a substantially reduced cost, without negatively impacting the 'teeth.' The reason outsourcing and privatization is so important--money! A conscientious decision to fund operations and maintenance accounts to maintain readiness in light of a very high operations tempo has left some budget areas neglected. Procurement is one of those areas that has suffered especially hard in the most recent years. Our primary weapon systems such as the F-15C and even the F-16, continue to age and are in need of replacement as they near the end of their expected life cycles and as newer technologies make them comparatively less capable. The realities of long-lead time acquisitions necessitate wise procurement investments today to ensure a viable force to meet potential future threats.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Contractors on the Battlefield
The role of contractors in warfare has changed dramatically. As the Services have drawn down, more and more of the duties formerly accomplished by military members are being performed by contractors. The military competency has been eliminated or drastically reduced. These duties run the gamut from the traditional base support functions to maintaining and operating fielded weapons systems on or near the battlefield. Yet instead of addressing the new challenges this change brings to Commanders who have come to rely on contractors as part of their warfighting team, DOD has ignored or downplayed them and thus, has blurred the distinction between "soldier and contractor." The reality is, there are significant differences that both parties must understand and accommodate or risk the prospect of failure on the battlefield. In June 1991, the Department of Defense Inspector General reported: "DOD Components cannot ensure that emergency-essential services performed by contractors would continue during crisis or hostile situations. Such loss of contractor support on sensitive military equipment and systems would have a degrading effect on the Armed Forces capability in a protracted war effort."This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Impact of Economic Factors and Acquisition Reforms on the Cost of Defense Weapon Systems
Cost overruns in weapon system purchases have plagued the Department of Defense (DoD) throughout its history and have resulted in schedule delays and potentially reduced combat capability. This thesis created an empirical model that begins to explain those cost overruns. The model describes how changes in defense budgets, consolidation of the defense industry, acquisition reform, war, and cost estimating error are related to cost overruns. The cost performance of 186 major weapon system programs managed by the Air Force, Army, and Navy from 1970 to 2002 was described using a panel regression model. This research found that funding instability resulting from changing levels of defense budgets accounted for an increase of over $13.3 billion in weapon system costs since 1970. This research also found that the defense industry consolidation of the 1990's did not result in significant savings to the DoD. Finally, this research found that contrary to past studies, several acquisition reforms are correlated with a decrease in weapon system cost overruns. In particular, reforms resulting from the Nunn-McCurdy Act of 1982, the Packard Commission Recommendations of 1986 and the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) of 1994 resulted in savings of almost $124 billion since 1982.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Some Empirical Evidence on the Non-Normality of Cost Variances on Defense Contracts
This study tested the hypothesis that defense cost variances reported on the Cost Performance Report are normally distributed. The DOD requires that all defense cost variances which breech a pre-specified threshold be investigated. The present variance investigation model has been criticized because it can prompt frivolous investigations. In theory, statistical models could reduce the number of frivolous investigations, but they are not used because they require too much information about the cost variance, including its distributional form. Often such models assume a normal distribution, but researchers have shown that the models do not work properly if the assumption is fallacious. Two prior studies have investigated the normality of cost variances with mixed results, and neither investigated defense cost variances. Here, fifty series of cost variances from two defense contracts were extracted from Cost Performance Reports and evaluated using four popular tests of normality (Bowman-Shenton, Shapiro-Wilks, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Chi-square). The results show that the vast majority of the series of cost variances were not normally distributed. These results were insensitive to the normality test used and to the effects of inflation. The statistical variance investigation models may still be used, but normality should not be assumed.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining
Despite a technology bias that focuses on external electronic threats, insiders pose the greatest threat to commercial and government organizations. One means of preventing insider theft is by stopping potential insiders from actually crossing the line. In the overwhelming number of cases, people do not join an organization with the intention of stealing or causing harm. Instead, something or often several some- things happen while the individual is in the organization that precedes his malevolent actions. One of the traits identi ed with insiders is their feeling of alienation from the organization. By datamining emails, an employee's interests can be discerned. These interests are then used to construct social networks which are used to identify individ- uals with interests shared but undiscussed with other members of the organization. These individuals with clandestine interests have the potential to be insider threats.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Our Money Narrative and the Impacts on Our Financial Wellness - Workbook
What if the story you've been told about money is only half the truth? Our Money Narrative challenges the silence around financial wellness and gives you a practical, empowering space to finally talk about "the thing$ we don't talk about." Whether you're feeling stuck, uncertain, or ready for a change, this workbook will meet you right where you are-and help you move forward. There's no one-size-fits-all advice here. Instead, you'll find space to reflect, set goals, track progress, and take purposeful action toward the financial future you deserve. This is more than a workbook-it's an invitation to take control of your financial story and explore what financial wellness really means to you. Inside, you'll discover: Guided reflection questions to deepen your awareness of how money impacts your choices, mindset, and wellbeingGoal-setting templates for both short- and long-term financial planningSavings trackers to help you stay focused, motivated, and consistentExercises to support healthy money habits and lasting behavior changeTools to apply what you've learned from Our Money Narrative to your everyday life And so much more. Financial wellness isn't about perfection. It's about clarity, confidence, and committing to yourself-even if you don't have all the answers yet. This workbook will help you reflect, reset, and rewrite your money story-one intentional step at a time. Your financial wellness journey starts here: scroll up and click "Add to Cart" now!
Machine Learning in Business Finance Using Python
This book is an introduction to machine learning using Python programming language with applications in finance and business. Coverages include the prediction methods of logistic regression, Na簿ve Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and various types of Neural Networks. Performance measurements and assessments of feature importance are also explained. The book also contains detailed examples of the applications with data. Python codes are explained in a step-by-step manner using Jupyter Notebook so that the readers can practise on their own.
Handbook of Model Risk Management for Vendors
Transform a Model Validation Burden into a Competitive Advantage The Game-Changing Reality: Effective model risk management isn't just about compliance-it's about becoming the vendor banks prefer to work with. When your Model Risk Committee operates with the same rigour as your banking clients', you shift from being questioned to being trusted from being a supplier to being a strategic partner. Your Competitive Edge: Whilst your competitors scramble to answer endless validation questions, you'll be the vendor that banking clients turn to first. Strong governance capabilities create deeper relationships, smoother sales cycles, and natural protection against competitive threats. Beyond Banking - Universal Value: Model risk governance delivers operational excellence that benefits all clients, not just banks. In an era of unprecedented technological change and market volatility, providing genuine assurance about your analytical capabilities creates trust across every sector. Insurance firms, asset managers, corporates, and government agencies all value vendors who can demonstrate systematic oversight of their quantitative methods. The Ultimate Truth: In a market flooded with sophisticated models, the winner is the vendor all clients can trust to manage the risks those models create. Your governance framework becomes a powerful competitive moat that delivers operational reliability when uncertainty is the only constant. Proven Implementation Roadmap: This handbook provides battle-tested templates, practical workflows, and real-world insights from successfully transforming vendor-client relationships. Drawing on decades of experience implementing model governance across global institutions, it delivers a 12-week implementation plan that turns regulatory panic into competitive advantage. You'll get the exact Model Risk Committee terms of reference, documentation templates, and RACI frameworks that have proven successful with major banking clients. Reset All Your Client Relationships: Learn how to proactively demonstrate governance maturity rather than reactively respond to validation demands. You transform from a technology supplier into a trusted analytical partner when you can show clients that you understand model limitations, monitor performance systematically, and manage risks transparently. David K Kelly brings three decades of hard-won experience from the front lines of global investment banking, where he's witnessed firsthand how model failures can devastate institutions and how robust governance frameworks can prevent catastrophe. As a seasoned professional who has held senior leadership positions in both front office and risk departments at global systemically important banks, David understands the unique pressures facing both model developers and validators. David provides invaluable insight into the vendor perspective-the challenges of building sophisticated analytical solutions while satisfying increasingly demanding governance requirements. David has spent his career implementing advanced modelling solutions for capital requirements under evolving regulatory frameworks, making him uniquely qualified to bridge the gap between theoretical compliance and practical implementation. This handbook distils decades of lessons learned from both spectacular failures and quiet successes in model risk management. The result is a practical roadmap that transforms regulatory burden into competitive advantage-because in a world where everyone claims to have the best models, the winner is the vendor clients can trust to manage the risks those models create. Turn your greatest regulatory challenge into your most valuable business asset.
Introduction to European Tax Law
This concise handbook has become a traditional instrument for gaining basic knowledge of European tax law with emphasis on direct taxes. It is directed at students, experienced international tax specialists with little knowledge of European law, European law specialists and non-Europeans who deal with Europe for business or academic reasons and need to understand the foundations of European tax law. Moreover, this book can be useful to academics without a legal background in approaching technical issues raised by European Union tax law, as well as give inspiration to the most experienced European direct tax law experts. The eighth edition adds new updates on the most essential changes and new case law of the CJEU in the field of European direct taxation. Furthermore, due to its particular importance, the EU Global Minimum Tax Directive is now covered in a separate chapter.
The Almighty Dollar
In this ambitious and groundbreaking history of the dollar, financial journalist and economic scholar Brendan Greeley makes a new argument about the origins of our money--and the people and nations who have surrendered to it. "Brimming with startling details, this is also serious financial history with a conclusion ripe for our unsettled times: Rulers and borders come and go, but the dollar has outlasted our illusions of sovereignty and control."--Evan Osnos, author of The Haves and Have-Yachts America's money is global money--nearly every nation in the world writes international contracts in dollars, and in 2023, central banks around the world held nearly $6.7 trillion in dollar reserves, three times any other currency. Today, the United States' global hegemony rests largely on its ability to produce unlimited treasury bonds that are sold around the world, dollars that supported America's explosive growth in the twentieth century and funded its massive wars in the twenty-first. American power and the American dollar have become synonymous. Yet in this brilliant 500-year history, Brendan Greeley argues that America's sovereignty over the dollar is an illusion--that the dollar had already empowered and destroyed nations long before it washed up on colonial shores, and that no country or king has or can ever truly control it. Reaching back to the dollar's birth as the taler in the 15th-century silver mines of St. Joachimsthal, Greeley reveals how the dollar first thrived as a commodity for merchants and bankers--a big, silver coin that was trusted around the world, even as the miners who pulled it from the ground had trouble getting paid in that same silver. Greeley traces a captivatingly complex path across time and place, from the industrial collapse at the heart of Spain's 17th-century silver empire, to the birth of American paper dollars in colonial Maryland, 19th-century New Orleans bank failures, and the small town of Hawarden, Iowa, which created its own dollars during the Great Depression. At every surprising turn, Greeley upends assumptions about global currencies and draws out the centuries-old tension between how dollars are manufactured and whom they actually serve. Singular in its breadth, The Almighty Dollar dismantles the myth that America created or has ever truly controlled the dollar. Through meticulous research and vividly rendered stories of merchants, monarchs, and everyday people both past and present, Greeley shows how the dollar became America's greatest export, spawning a vast financial industry that enriches the wealthy, even as the rest of the country's industries suffer.
A Taxing Journey
This open access book examines how civic organizations can influence tax policy and administration in ways that benefit ordinary citizens, through in-depth case studies from a wide range of countries including France, Guatemala, Kenya, Mexico, Philippines, Uganda, and the United States. These cases demonstrate the ways in which civic coalitions have crafted convincing narratives and used creative strategies to change the political incentives of policymakers and yield more equitable tax reform. The cases cover a wide range of types of tax reform, from taxes on specific items like fuel, tobacco and mobile money applications, to personal and corporate income taxes. They also highlight the use of a variety of approaches by civic actors-such as media campaigns, advocacy with legislators, and strategic litigation-to influence policy. These examples, covering a range of lower and higher income countries, across many aspects of tax systems, give us useful examples to build on, demonstrating that citizens everywhere can influence tax policy and ultimately secure fairer societies. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com.
Global Governance of the Transition to Artificial General Intelligence
While today's Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) tools have limited purposes like diagnosing illness or driving a car, if managed well, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), could usher in great advances in human condition encompassing the fields of medicine, education, longevity, turning around global warming, scientific advancements, and creating a more peaceful world. However, if left unbridled, AGI also has the potential to end human civilization. This book discusses the current status, and provides recommendations for the future, regarding regulations concerning the creation, licensing, use, implementation and governance of AGI. Based on an international assessment of the issues and potential governance approaches for the transition from ANI of today to future forms of AGI by The Millennium Project, a global participatory think tank, the book explores how to manage this global transition. Section 1 shares the views of 55 AGI experts and thought leaders from the US, China, UK, Canada, EU, and Russia, including Elon Musk, Sam Altman and Bill Gates, on 22 critical questions. In Section 2, The Millennium Project futurist team analyzes these views to create a list of potential regulations and global governance systems or models for the safe emergence of AGI, rated and commented on by an international panel of futurists, diplomats, international lawyers, philosophers, scientists and other experts from 47 countries. This book broadens and deepens the current conversations about future AI, educating the public as well as those who make decisions and advise others about potential artificial intelligence regulations.
Reviewing the Latest Trends in Management Literature
Literature reviews play a crucial role in advancing scholarly understanding by organizing, synthesizing, and critiquing the vast body of existing knowledge. They provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive insights into current developments, highlight gaps in the research, and suggest pathways for future exploration. As the landscape of business and management continues to evolve rapidly, literature reviews become invaluable in helping to navigate these changes by offering a clear view of where the field stands and where it is heading. Both Volume 4A and B of Review of Management Literature focus on reviewing the latest trends in management literature, offering an in-depth exploration of contemporary topics shaping management thought and practice, particularly in three core areas: human resource management, sustainability, and technology. The contributions included in the volume serve as a valuable reference, advancing both theory and practice in management.
Against Money
A powerful deconstruction of humanity's most influential invention, from the acclaimed economists J. W. Mason and Arjun Jayadev. Money is everywhere in our daily lives. It lurks in the swipe of a card at the grocery store, in looming student-loan debts, in the prices of things we want, and in our subconscious navigation of the modern world. Money is an invisible convenience that saves us, as a society, the hassle of bartering for goods and services--a reflection, in our pockets and on our phones, of the hard facts of scarcity and desire. Or is it something more? In this revelatory book, economists J. W. Mason and Arjun Jayadev explain how and why money is so deeply misunderstood by the world it dominates--as well as the dangerous social implications of this misunderstanding. Against Money tackles the most dearly held "truths" of economics, arguing that the world of money has never been an impartial representation of the world of things. Instead, its existence in different forms--debt, capital, liquidity, and interest--increasingly shapes events in the real world rather than just reflecting them. Sometimes money enables new forms of cooperation; more oftenit facilitates domination. Human existence is not just facilitated by money but also governed by it. In the tradition of works by Thomas Piketty and David Graeber, Against Money is an erudite, disruptive expos矇 of the illusions and tyrannies of money. Mason and Jayadev present a radically different way of thinking about money--imagining a hopeful future in which it no longer dictates the possibilities of our collective existence.
Empirical Asset Pricing
An introduction to the theory and methods of empirical asset pricing, integrating classical foundations with recent developments. This book offers a comprehensive advanced introduction to asset pricing, the study of models for the prices and returns of various securities. The focus is empirical, emphasizing how the models relate to the data. The book offers a uniquely integrated treatment, combining classical foundations with more recent developments in the literature and relating some of the material to applications in investment management. It covers the theory of empirical asset pricing, the main empirical methods, and a range of applied topics. The book introduces the theory of empirical asset pricing through three main paradigms: mean variance analysis, stochastic discount factors, and beta pricing models. It describes empirical methods, beginning with the generalized method of moments (GMM) and viewing other methods as special cases of GMM; offers a comprehensive review of fund performance evaluation; and presents selected applied topics, including a substantial chapter on predictability in asset markets that covers predicting the level of returns, volatility and higher moments, and predicting cross-sectional differences in returns. Other chapters cover production-based asset pricing, long-run risk models, the Campbell-Shiller approximation, the debate on covariance versus characteristics, and the relation of volatility to the cross-section of stock returns. An extensive reference section captures the current state of the field. The book is intended for use by graduate students in finance and economics; it can also serve as a reference for professionals.
Reviewing the Latest Trends in Management Literature
Literature reviews play a crucial role in advancing scholarly understanding by organizing, synthesizing, and critiquing the vast body of existing knowledge. They provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive insights into current developments, highlight gaps in the research, and suggest pathways for future exploration. As the landscape of business and management continues to evolve rapidly, literature reviews become invaluable in helping to navigate these changes by offering a clear view of where the field stands and where it is heading. Both Volume 4A and B of Review of Management Literature focus on reviewing the latest trends in management literature, offering an in-depth exploration of contemporary topics shaping management thought and practice, particularly in three core areas: human resource management, sustainability, and technology. The contributions included in the volume serve as a valuable reference, advancing both theory and practice in management.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
This paper analyzes the impact of changes in monetary policy on equity prices, with the objectives both of measuring the average reaction of the stock market and also of understanding the economic sources of that reaction. We find that, on average, a hypothetical unanticipated 25-basis-point cut in the federal funds rate target is associated with about a one percent increase in broad stock indexes. Adapting a methodology due to Campbell (1991) and Campbell and Ammer (1993), we find that the effects of unanticipated monetary policy actions on expected excess returns account for the largest part of the response of stock prices.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
We examine the efficiency effects of the integration of the financial services industry and suggest directions for future research. We also propose a relatively broad working definition of integration and employ U.S. and European data on financial service industry M&As to illustrate several types of integration. The analysis suggests that there is a large potential for efficiency gains from integration, but only a relatively small part of this potential may be realized. Integration appears to bring about larger revenue efficiency gains than cost efficiency gains, and most of the gains appear to be linked to benefits from risk diversification.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Formative Period of the Federal Reserve System, During the World Crisis
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Lending Functions of the Federal Reserve Banks
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
U.S. Monetary Policy and Financial Markets
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Texas Banking Crisis, Causes and Consequences
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Analysis of the Impact of Defense Acquisition Reforms and External Factors On Schedule Growth of Defense Weapon Systems
The growth in the acquisition cycle time of large defense systems from what was planned (i.e., schedule growth) creates several issues for defense acquisition managers and policy makers. These issues include increased likelihoods of cancellations, changes in requirements, and delays in the fielding of improved combat capabilities and replacements for legacy systems, which have resulted in further cost and schedule growth. As a result, Congress, the DoD, and the individual military services implemented several major reforms to address the cost and schedule growth of weapon systems. This research presents an empirical model of schedule growth to evaluate the impact of acquisition reform efforts, defense budget changes, unexpected inflation, and major contingency operations (war) on schedule growth of major weapon systems. A fixed-effects panel regression model was utilized to describe the schedule performance (using earned value data) of the major weapon system programs managed by the Army, Air Force, and Navy from 1980 to 2002. This research found that unexpected inflation results in increased schedule growth.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
Reverse mortgages allow elderly homeowners to tap into their housing wealth without having to sell or move out of their homes. However, very few eligible homeowners have used reverse mortgages to achieve consumption smoothing until recently when the reverse mortgage market in the United States witnessed substantial growth. This paper examines 1989-2007 loan-level reverse mortgage data and presents a number of findings. First, I show that recent reverse mortgage borrowers are significantly different from earlier borrowers in many respects. Second, I find that borrowers who take the line-of-credit payment plan, single male borrowers, and borrowers with higher house values exit their homes sooner than other reverse mortgage borrowers. Third, I combine the reverse mortgage data with county-level house price data to show that elderly homeowners are more likely to purchase reverse mortgages when the local housing market is at its peak. This finding suggests that the 2000-05 housing market boom may be partially responsible for the rapid growth of reverse mortgage markets. Lastly, I show that the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage limits, which cap the amount of housing wealth that an eligible homeowner can borrow against, have no effect on the demand for reverse mortgages. The findings have important implications to both policy-making and the economics of housing and aging.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Logistic and Multiple Regression
This study seeks to predict cost growth in major DoD acquisition programs using logistic and multiple regression. Specifically, this research uses logistic regression to determine whether or not cost growth will occur in a program and if so, then uses multiple regression to determine to what extent that cost growth will occur. We compile data from all defense departments using the Selected Acquisition Reports presented between 1990 and 2002. We combine the efforts of previous research and focus our study on cost growth in research and development dollars for the Engineering Manufacturing Development phase of acquisition. For the logistic regression portion of our research, we produce a seven-variable model that accurately predicts 72 percent of our randomly selected validation data. For multiple regression, we produce a six-variable model that accurately predicts the amount of cost growth incurred for 91 percent of those programs that do incur cost growth. We conclude that the two-step regression methodology offers a significant advantage over traditional methods by removing those data points that do not incur cost growth. We further conclude that there is no significant advantage gained by either isolating each cost variance category individually or by combining these categories.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
The purpose of this study is to determine whether, from a public policy standpoint, divestitures constitute an effective antitrust remedy in bank merger cases. A number of findings emerge from the study: Divested branches have a remarkable survival record; structural changes effected by divestitures tend to persist over time; larger buyers of divested branches tended to be more successful than smaller buyers; divestiture of the target institutions' branches rather than those of applicants proved preferable from an antitrust standpoint; and divested branches selected by the Department of Justice do not perform better than others. The findings suggest that divestitures of bank offices have generally provided an effective public policy remedy.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Our Practical Method for Raising Capital
"Our Practical Method for Raising Capital," penned by Leslie Barron. Davis, offers a glimpse into the financial strategies of the early 20th century. This book provides a straightforward approach to securing funding for business ventures, reflecting the entrepreneurial spirit of its time. While the financial landscape has evolved considerably, the core principles of attracting investment and managing capital remain timeless. This work provides valuable insights into the historical context of business finance and the ingenuity of early entrepreneurs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Statistics on Banking, 1934-1996
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
History of Crises Under the National Banking System
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
McCord's Complete Calculator for Interest at Six per Cent
"McCord's Complete Calculator for Interest at Six per Cent" is a meticulously compiled reference designed to simplify interest calculations. Originally published in 1903, this book offers comprehensive tables that enable users to easily determine interest rates beyond the standard six percent. Featuring detailed methodologies and clear layouts, it serves as an invaluable tool for financial professionals, historians, and anyone interested in the mathematical intricacies of finance during the early 20th century. This book provides a practical and accessible guide to understanding and calculating interest, reflecting the financial practices of its time.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Our Practical Method for Raising Capital
"Our Practical Method for Raising Capital," penned by Leslie Barron. Davis, offers a glimpse into the financial strategies of the early 20th century. This book provides a straightforward approach to securing funding for business ventures, reflecting the entrepreneurial spirit of its time. While the financial landscape has evolved considerably, the core principles of attracting investment and managing capital remain timeless. This work provides valuable insights into the historical context of business finance and the ingenuity of early entrepreneurs.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dollarizing Qualitative Discriminators Used in Best Value Source Selections
A steadily decreasing budget affects the quantity and type of purchases made each year by the U.S. Department of Defense. This results in increasingly less money allocated to the different services each year in order to accomplish their individual missions. We are constantly being asked to do more with less and to research better ways in which to conduct our activities in a more effective and efficient manner. While this trend is significantly affecting many areas of the Air Force, it is having an equally significant impact on the conduction of source selections. This thesis examines this issue and proposes a best value method to source selections that compares not only each offeror's proposal prices to one another, but examines other areas as well.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Lending Functions of the Federal Reserve Banks
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
This paper employs extensive information on bank deposit rates and county migration patterns to test for pricing relationships implied by the existence of switching costs. While these relationships are derived formally, the intuition for them can be readily stated. Because some areas experience more in-migration than others, banks, in addressing the trade-off between attracting new customers and exploiting old ones, offer higher deposit rates in areas (and at times) experiencing more in-migration. Further, because out-migration implies that on average a locked-in customer will not be with the bank as many periods, greater out-migration should change the bank's assessment of this trade-off such that the bank will offer lower deposit rates in areas (and during periods) exhibiting greater out-migration, all else equal. Also, because this effect of out-migration logically depends on the existence and extent of in-migration, an interaction effect is implied. Evidence strongly supporting these implied relationships is reported. Other tests of the implications of switching costs in the banking industry are also conducted.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
International Finance Discussion Papers
In the wake of the ERM and Mexican currency crises, the subject of balance-of-payments crises has come to the forefront of academic and policy discussions. This paper focuses on the potential links between banking and balance-of-payments crises. We examine these episodes for a large number of countries and find that knowing that there are banking problems helps in predicting balance-of-payments crises, but the converse is not true; financial liberalization usually predates banking crises, indeed, it helps predict them. Rather than a causal relationship from banking to balance-of-payments crises, the macroeconomic "stylized facts" that characterize these episodes point to common causes.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
A key variable for the conduct of monetary policy is the natural rate of interest -- the real interest rate consistent with output equaling potential and stable inflation. Economic theory implies that the natural rate of interest varies over time and depends on the trend growth rate of output. In this paper we apply the Kalman filter to jointly estimate the natural rate of interest, potential output, and the trend growth rate, and examine the empirical relationship between these estimated unobserved series. We find substantial variation in the natural rate of interest over the past four decades in the United States. Our natural rate estimates vary about one-for-one with changes in the trend growth rate. We show that policymakers' mismeasurement of the natural rate of interest can cause a significant deterioration in macroeconomic stabilization.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Dollarizing Qualitative Discriminators Used in Best Value Source Selections
A steadily decreasing budget affects the quantity and type of purchases made each year by the U.S. Department of Defense. This results in increasingly less money allocated to the different services each year in order to accomplish their individual missions. We are constantly being asked to do more with less and to research better ways in which to conduct our activities in a more effective and efficient manner. While this trend is significantly affecting many areas of the Air Force, it is having an equally significant impact on the conduction of source selections. This thesis examines this issue and proposes a best value method to source selections that compares not only each offeror's proposal prices to one another, but examines other areas as well.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
We estimate the effects of share repurchases and employee stock option exercises on net share retirements for large S&P 500 companies. We find that, over the past five years, gross repurchases have reduced shares outstanding 2 percent annually; but, owing to the exercise of employee stock options, only about half of those shares were actually retired. Given the recent pace of employee stock option grants, and assuming that equities continue to be priced at about 30 times earnings, our analysis suggests that the pace of net share retirements will fall well below the pace of the last few years, unless corporations use nearly all their earnings to fund shareholder payouts. Moreover, over the long haul, assuming corporations need to retain 40 to 50 percent of their earnings to invest and grow at historical rates, the long-run average pace of net share retirements is likely to fall to 1/2 percent or less.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Logistic and Multiple Regression
This study seeks to predict cost growth in major DoD acquisition programs using logistic and multiple regression. Specifically, this research uses logistic regression to determine whether or not cost growth will occur in a program and if so, then uses multiple regression to determine to what extent that cost growth will occur. We compile data from all defense departments using the Selected Acquisition Reports presented between 1990 and 2002. We combine the efforts of previous research and focus our study on cost growth in research and development dollars for the Engineering Manufacturing Development phase of acquisition. For the logistic regression portion of our research, we produce a seven-variable model that accurately predicts 72 percent of our randomly selected validation data. For multiple regression, we produce a six-variable model that accurately predicts the amount of cost growth incurred for 91 percent of those programs that do incur cost growth. We conclude that the two-step regression methodology offers a significant advantage over traditional methods by removing those data points that do not incur cost growth. We further conclude that there is no significant advantage gained by either isolating each cost variance category individually or by combining these categories.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Fundamental Reappraisal of the Discount Mechanism
The Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER) started in 2004 as a data preservation and accessibility project of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRASER's mission is to safeguard and provide easy access to the nation's economic history-particularly the history of the Federal Reserve System-through digitization of documents related to the U.S. financial system. FRASER preserves and provides access to economic and banking data and policy documents. To this end, various types of documents have been digitized, including: publications of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, publications of District Federal Reserve Banks, states and speeches of Federal Reserve policymakers, archival materials of Federal Reserve policymakers, government data publications, statistical releases, books and Congressional hearings.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
