OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members' development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements.
Entanglement and Clarification of Reason and Mathematics
Socio-economic empirical analysis must borrow mathematical tools, but only focusing on "mathematics" and ignoring the underlying "reason" of phenomena can easily lead to "hypothetical analysis", which formally meets the standards but loses the soul of quantitative research. This book emphasizes the eternal mission of scholars in the process of empirical analysis, which is to distinguish between "mathematics" and "reason", and to clarify the two entangled in phenomena. The first part is a systematic monograph, the second part is a reading note on the relationship between mathematics and reason, the third part is the "essay" of "one matter, one reason", and the fourth part is the author's early thinking on the relationship between mathematics and reason, which still serves as a warning to this day.As the fifth book of "Criticism Series of Contemporary Economic Statistics", it applies to the same audience as the first four books. This book incorporates the author's insights and experiences from reading and traveling and may serve as a teaching reference for graduate and undergraduate students, to enhance the flexibility of statistical learning. Many people believe that economic statistics are only for quantitative analysis, but upon closer examination, the focus is on the "degree" of phenomena, that is, measurement.
Navigating Globotics at the Semi-Periphery
This book focuses on the economic and political challenges posed by the simultaneous processes of globalisation and rapid technological change for public management and policy making in the Visegr獺d countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). The empirical work, based on 90 interviews and close cooperation with experts in the field, has provided valuable insights into the social consequences of the technological revolution, technical revolution, technical upgrading and economic development, public services, data management, communication and disinformation, coordination within the public sector and with private entities in the management of data and intellectual property. The research reveals a set of complex political economies with a high degree of political inertia characteristic of semi-peripheral countries, combined with various attempts to actively shape the technological flow.
Economic Entities Return and Regional Sustainable Development
Applying Evaluation Criteria Thoughtfully
Relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability are widely used evaluation criteria, particularly in international development co-operation. They help to determine the merit or worth of various interventions, such as strategies, policies, programmes or projects. This guidance aims to help evaluators and others to better understand those criteria, and improve their use.
Man Enough? Measuring Masculine Norms to Promote Women's Empowerment
Masculinities can either support or hinder women's empowerment and greater gender equality. However, a lack of consistent and comparable data hinders efforts to understand and assess harmful, restrictive masculinities. This report identifies and describes ten norms of restrictive masculinities to be urgently addressed within the political, economic and private spheres.
OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members' development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements.
The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus Interim Progress Review
In February 2019, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) adopted its Recommendation on the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus. In advance of the monitoring report due in 2024, this interim progress review analyses adherents' efforts to align their work with the principles of the Recommendation.
Introduction to Development Economics
This textbook provides an introduction to development economics that examines both the drivers of economic growth and sustainable development. It initially presents development economics within a historical and political context, before widening its attention to theories of growth and development, the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals, the imbalance of power between the Global North and South, global development policies, and the role of international finance in development. Rather than focusing primarily on neoclassical growth theories, qualitative and quantitative aspects of the development process are both highlighted. This book aims to give readers a broad understanding of the economic drivers of development and the economic theories that underpin them. It will be relevant to undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in development economics and sustainable development.
False Dawn
CHOSEN AS ONE OF THE WALL STREET JOURNAL'S 10 BEST BOOKS OF 2025A definitive history of the United States' recovery from the Great Depression--and the New Deal's true part in it.FDR's New Deal has long enjoyed a special place in American history and policy--both because it redefined the government's fundamental responsibilities and because Roosevelt's "bold experimentation" represented a type of policymaking many would like to see repeated.But "the thing about bold experiments," economist George Selgin reminds us, "is that they often fail." In False Dawn Selgin draws on both contemporary sources and numerous studies by economic historians to show that, although steps taken during the Roosevelt administration's first days raised hopes of a speedy recovery from the Great Depression, instead of fulfilling those hopes, subsequent New Deal policies proved so counterproductive that over seventeen percent of American workers--more than the peak unemployment rate during the COVID-19 crisis--were still either unemployed or on work relief six years later.By distinguishing the New Deal's successes from its failures, and explaining how the U.S. finally managed to lay the specter of mass unemployment to rest, Selgin draws salient lessons for dealing with future recessions.
Economic Growth in Middle-Income Countries
This book develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of growth and deploys analytical data to understand the main policy issues affecting developing countries, with particular attention to countries which, after having a spurt of growth, have been unable to maintain the momentum of their economies.
The Mechanics of Economy
IntroductionMoney, being essentially a political element, has been utilized for nearly three thousand years by the world's ruling classes to create a distorted and false view of our economies. Now, the current well-established imposed narratives of the ruling class (the economic owners) are so strong that even economists have yet to discern economic facts from these fictional misconceptions. As a result, our current economic views, equations, calculations, and their ensuing conclusions have no scientific base, as they have been distorted by imposed political issues that have no economic root or economic relevance. The Mechanic of the Economy is a comprehensive and scientific study of economic systems that pursues economic studies in isolation of any imposed political system. In this novel method of economic inquiry, a unique empirical labor unit of SWH (Standard Work-hour) replaces the conventional financial units currently used in economic calculations. Economic research is then perused through labor cost analysis of economic products, where we only use the empirical work unit of SWH. In this manner, the Mechanics of the Economy avoids fictitious non-economical concepts and units, and it sets its inquiry processes on logical and scientific foundations. Monetary concerns and ownership claims have no economic merits or roles in The Mechanics of the Economy as they are imposed narratives of the ruling elite. The Mechanics of EconomyThe Mechanics of the Economy adopts a revised review of economic concepts using an engineering approach based on a logical and rational foundation of labor (non-financial) cost analysis. The Mechanics of Economy differs from conventional economic studies in several ways: First, its vision covers the entire history of economies, from their prehistoric distant past to their predictable near future.Second, it considers and treats all economic assets, including institutions and virtual assets, such as occupational skills, as products.Third, it measures the economic value (or worth) by a labor scale and avoids money in its measurements, evaluation, and calculations.Fourth, it calculates a product's actual cumulative labor cost (in SMH) and assigns this value to the product as its embedded labor or economic worth. In the Mechanics of the Economy, labor cost, economic worth, and embedded labor refer to the same work quantity as viewed from different perspectives.Fifth, it excludes all political elements such as profits, prices, wages, or financial variables from its considerations, evaluations, and related calculations. So, its economic equations, views, and conclusions remain immune from political and cultural variables that normally impose false perceptions of financial concepts.Sixth, it creates and adapts an empirical labor scale of SWH (Standard Work-hour). This unit is universally applicable to all types of works of any trade, craft, or profession, and unlike monetary measurements, it has stable, constant, and empirical value.Seventh, it measures all costs and economic values using a single empirical labor scale of SWH.Eighth, it develops equations of occupations, which enable us to determine the economic worth (in SMH) of different types of trades, crafts, or professions, their comparative cost ratios, their lifetime worth (as an asset), and their hourly worth. These equations form the main foundation of The Mechanics of the Economy. Unlike financial calculations, these equations and their related conclusions are not subject to cultural, political, geographical, or chronological variables.
Challenges to Punjab Economy
This volume looks at the challenges faced by the economy and society in Punjab, India. It probes into the economic issues, institutional development, and resources imbalance faced by the Punjab economy. It discusses regional research problems and futuristic approaches for a developing economy.
Principles of Microeconomics
This textbook offers a comprehensive overview of microeconomics, featuring teachable and applicable approaches to core concepts. It includes fresh examples and applications to help students understand and apply opportunity cost, choice theory, and more to their own world. Throughout the book, there are practice problems with step-by-step solutions that help students better understand the topics covered. Sections provide scenarios to help students analyze consumer choices as well as the decisions of firms. Readers will learn how to evaluate the impact of microeconomic policies and how to perform equilibrium analysis. The author publishes digital worksheets with questions based on recent news stories that readers can use as they work through the book: https: //econstefani.substack.com/. The book, combined with these free materials, introduces new and fresh approaches to help students apply fundamental concepts to the world around them. The resulting book is a valuable learning tool that highlights microeconomic principles for a new generation of learners.
China and the Wto
An examination of China's participation in the World Trade Organization, the conflicts it has caused, and how WTO reforms could ease them China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was rightly hailed as a huge step forward in international cooperation. However, China's participation in the WTO has been anything but smooth, with China alienating some of its trading partners, particularly the United States. The mismatch between the WTO framework and China's economic model has undermined the WTO's ability to mitigate tensions arising from China's size and rapid growth. What has to change? China and the WTO demonstrates that unilateral pressure, by the United States and others, is not the answer. Instead, Petros Mavroidis and Andr矇 Sapir show that if the WTO enacts judicious reforms, it could induce China's cooperation, leading to a renewed confidence in the WTO system. The WTO and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, are predicated on liberal domestic policies. They managed the previous accessions of socialist countries and big trading nations, but none were as large or powerful as China. Mavroidis and Sapir contend that for the WTO to function smoothly and accommodate China's unique geopolitical position, it needs to translate some of its implicit principles into explicit treaty language. To make their point, they focus on two core complaints--that Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from unfair trade advantages, and that domestic companies, private as well as SOEs, impose forced technology transfer on foreign companies as a condition for accessing the Chinese market--and they lay out specific proposals for WTO reforms. In an age of global trade disputes, China and the WTO offers a timely exploration of unprecedented challenges to the current multilateral system and fresh ideas for lasting solutions.
Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa
The growing disparity between the rich and poor remains a critical challenge, affecting countries across all continents, irrespective of their per capita gross domestic product. This widening gap not only impedes efforts to eradicate extreme poverty but also hinders progress toward social justice and resilience-building. Rising inequalities pose substantial barriers to sustainable development, and it is within this context that this book, Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multidimensional Perspectives and Future Challenges, contributes to ongoing debates, offering a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges and future perspectives of inequality on the African continent. Despite the intensification of calls for wealth taxation and inequality reduction, progress has been slow. A key challenge lies in creating a viable political path for implementing progressive taxation policies. Resistance from those benefiting from the current system often stalls efforts, making progress difficult. Moreover, reducing inequality requires not only ex-post redistribution but also pre-distribution mechanisms that address inequality at its roots. Policies targeting education, competition, financial market regulation, and industrial development all hold the potential to create equitable economic opportunities, ensuring access to credit, job creation, and more-balanced economic growth. Despite facing unique, profound challenges, Africa is often overlooked in these global discussions. This book seeks to place the continent's issues of income inequality, unequal access to education and health care, climate vulnerability, and inclusive growth at the center of the conversation. The book further advocates for innovative policies, including competition reforms and bargaining frameworks that shift the balance between capital and labor. Given that inequality in Africa is deeply rooted in historical, economic, and institutional factors, a stronger focus on pre-distribution policies is necessary. These systemic changes can help reshape the conditions under which inequality emerges and persists. In addition to policy reforms, it is vital to strengthen the research and academic infrastructure that underpins the understanding of inequality. Equity concerns must be addressed within the scientific field, and African research capabilities must be bolstered. This volume, written in collaboration with the African Center of Excellence for Inequality Research, calls for a greater focus on empowering African researchers as part of a broader development strategy. By doing so, it aligns with the World Bank's and the Agence Fran癟aise de D矇veloppement's commitment to supporting research as a critical tool for sustainable development.
Measuring and Monitoring Absolute Poverty in the European Union
This book sets out a new framework and methodology for the measuring and monitoring of absolute poverty in the European Union. A comparative needs-based analysis of poverty is presented that allows for cross-country examination. By comparing absolute poverty measurements with existing conventional measures, a new understanding of poverty within the European Union is explored, highlighting that poverty is cyclical and unevenly disturbed across Europe. Issued related to poverty, including food basket development, basket pricing, household compatibility, are also discussed. This book aims to provide a comprehensive account of methodological tools available for the measurement of poverty. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in absolute poverty measurement.This is an open access book.
Why We're Getting Poorer
An insider's guide to our broken economy and how it fails to serve us. 'A fascinating examination of the failures of modern economics, and how these failures are harming us all' Grace Blakeley, author of Vulture Capitalism 'Easily one of the most compelling economics communicators of our generation.' Yuan Yang, FT columnist and MP for Earley and WoodleyDid you know that while we think of money as notes issued by the government, the truth is that the overwhelming majority of money today is credit created by private banks?Did you know that the reason housing keeps getting less accessible is because we haven't found a way to separate houses from land in our policies?And did you know that far from globalisation being a mystical force, certain countries and currencies have dominated the way it has played out - to their own advantage?Whilst economics is at the heart of the society we live in, governing so many functions from our taxes to where we live to the price of our shopping, few of us have a strong grasp on the subject. This book is here to help. Why We're Getting Poorer delves into the key topics in economics - money, globalisation, inequality, climate change and growth - showing that what we think we know about these things is wrong, and teaching us what we really need to know. Deciphering the jargon and complexity of economic thinking, with examples ranging from the Simpsons to the German football league to The Inbetweeners, Cahal Moran shows us why our economy set us up to fail, and offers suggestions for how we can make positive changes.Written by an award-winning economist and the YouTuber responsible for 'Unlearning Economics', Why We're Getting Poorer is a thrilling, iconoclastic guide to how the world really works.
Economics as Science
This novel text provides a critical approach to the study of economic thought - from neoclassical economics, to Marxian economics, to Keynesian economics - through the lens of science and the scientific method. It examines the collection of ideas that constitute the core of economic thought in the five basic fields of economics.
The Ultimate Survival Guide for Business in Japan
This book is targeted at business executives of companies: - approaching the Japanese Market, - reviewing their options in terms of Japan Entry Strategy, - already exporting to Japan (Indirect Sales) or, - already established and doing business in Japan (Direct Sales). As a Survival Guide for doing Business in Japan, it aims at providing the reader with an overview of the many issues or obstacles to be taken into account when approaching or interacting with the Japanese Market. The various aspects will be presented under three angles: Part I: Cross-cultural Management, Part II: Sales & Marketing Strategies, Part III: Entry Strategies. In this book, we show: - That the Japanese Market is a great market to approach and that, provided the right methodology and marketing mix, there are great opportunities to seize in the long-term for foreign companies. - That it is necessary to get familiar with cross-cultural differences and to understand better your Japanese clients, their country, their culture and their business system. - How to market your products or services in Japan (B2C and B2B Marketing Guidelines). - Which Entry Strategies are available to foreign companies to choose from and guidelines for selection.
Hayek Vs Keynes
With a broad perspective and incisive but clear examinations of important economic theories, this book places the two great economists of the twentieth century within their historical context, illuminating how much we have learned--and can still learn--from them both. Few thinkers better encapsulate the two polarities of economic and social thought in the twenty-first century than Friedrich Hayek and John Maynard Keynes. Wrestling with the horrors of world wars, the atrocities of fascist regimes, the hunger of the Great Depression, and the turbulence of political ideologies as they grew evermore pitted against one another, both sought a cure for modernity's terrible problems and a safeguard against future catastrophes--a task that would leave them with completely different conclusions. In this book, Thomas H繹rber offers a clear historical account of the work of these two great figures of modern economic thought. Hoerber looks at the two central works that would alter the course of economic thought: Keynes's The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money and Hayek's The Road to Serfdom. Placing them within the context of the devastation that followed World War I, he explains how the historical conditions in which these books were written help us better understand how their lessons can illuminate the economic and political phenomena of our own era, such as the recent financial crisis, globalization, and European integration. He shows how Keynes's emphasis on government regulation through monetary and fiscal policy and Hayek's great cautions against the tyrannies that can so easily arise from central planning has led to competing schools of economic thought. Making accessible classic economic theory and employing a qualitative method of economics, he offers an articulated account of how history has led to our current economic environment.
Foundations of Social Ecological Economics
This book explores radical dissent from orthodox mainstream economics, and sets out a theoretically grounded vision for the emerging paradigm of social ecological economics. At the heart of this paradigmatic shift lies an acknowledgement of the inextricable embeddedness of economies in biophysical reality and social structure. The struggle for this transformative vision unfolds through a critical examination of mainstream environmental thought, followed by a nuanced evaluation of contributions from Marxists, socialists, critical institutionalists, feminists and Post-Keynesians grappling with the urgent environmental crisis. Synthesising insights from these diverse and heterodox schools, the book navigates the philosophical underpinnings of science, embracing a critical realist approach that challenges not only mainstream economic thought but also eclectic pluralism, relativism and strong constructionism. The question of what constitutes revolutionary science is explored in light of works by Kuhn, Schumpeter and Neurath, emphasising the pivotal role of values and ideology in works from Marx to Gramsci. Building on these radical and philosophical foundations, the book articulates a preanalytic vision of social ecological economics, dismantling entrenched notions of growth and efficiency in favour of a framework centered on social provisioning and needs embedded in ethics. In a thought-provoking conclusion, the book applies its analytical lens to the multiple crises of modernity within industrialised capital-accumulating economies. An agenda for social ecological transformation toward diverse alternative economies emerges, providing a compelling call to action in the face of contemporary challenges.
Applied Statistics and Multivariate Data Analysis for Business and Economics
