Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
This textbook guides the student step-by-step in developing and solving a DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model-not only from the technical and conceptual aspects but also through the simulation process of each model. Characterized by a learning-by-doing approach, the book is set apart from the extant textbooks in three ways. First, it performs all the algebra associated with each model, such as the calculation of steady-state and the log-linearization of the model. Second, each model developed has been generated in Dynare, and every chapter is accompanied by a set of codes (mod-files and m-files) that the reader can use to replicate the model developed in every chapter. Finally, the models considered are toy models in the closed and open economy, which allows the student to learn the basic lessons and understand the fundamental relationships of the variables. All of this prepares the student to deal with more complex models. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate courses in economics, finance, or applied mathematics, as well as practitioners in central banks that use these models daily in the preparation of forecasts or simulations of aggregate variables.
India's Road to Transformation
India's Road to Transformation: Why Leadership Matters describes the critical role of political leadership in India which began post-independence until this present age.Documenting Prime Minister Narendra Modi's pragmatic leadership to transform India into a superpower!Since India's independence from Britain in 1947, it has been governed by 14 prime ministers, some of whom contributed immensely to its socio-economic development than others. The book shows how using Mahatma Gandhi's unifying philosophy to rally all Indian people together, great prime ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, and now Narendra Modi have channeled their energy, power, and political influence to significantly improve the livelihood of the Indian people through their economic and social transformative agendas. India's Road to Transformation: Why Leadership Matters is not your typical history book about India; it is a well-researched and neatly documented role of leadership for India's development, joining the historical dots of socio-economic successes achieved by each predominant Indian government since 1947. By reading this well-prepared book, you will discover: The historical values and structures of India and how they changed over time due to varying political processes and internal strife.India's diversification of its economic activities from an agrarian community to a merchant/trade society and now to a technologically advanced, modern country.The transformative actions/steps taken by some prominent Indian leaders, from Nehru to Modi, learning how their timely and effective socio-economic programs saved India from collapsing.Some comparative economic yardsticks between India, China, Japan, and the Southeast Asian nations.Important suggestions from the authors of this book about how India can sustain its current growth rate and eventually become a superpower such as the US and China.
Creating Economic Order
This volume addresses the extent to witch accounting activly shaped economic life. The volume traces the aimes and functions of accounting practices from early Uruk down through the Neo-Babylonian period as well as Egyptian practice.
India's Road to Transformation
India's Road to Transformation: Why Leadership Matters describes the critical role of political leadership in India which began post-independence until this present age.Documenting Prime Minister Narendra Modi's pragmatic leadership to transform India into a superpower!Since India's independence from Britain in 1947, it has been governed by 14 prime ministers, some of whom contributed immensely to its socio-economic development than others. The book shows how using Mahatma Gandhi's unifying philosophy to rally all Indian people together, great prime ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, and now Narendra Modi have channeled their energy, power, and political influence to significantly improve the livelihood of the Indian people through their economic and social transformative agendas. India's Road to Transformation: Why Leadership Matters is not your typical history book about India; it is a well-researched and neatly documented role of leadership for India's development, joining the historical dots of socio-economic successes achieved by each predominant Indian government since 1947. By reading this well-prepared book, you will discover: The historical values and structures of India and how they changed over time due to varying political processes and internal strife.India's diversification of its economic activities from an agrarian community to a merchant/trade society and now to a technologically advanced, modern country.The transformative actions/steps taken by some prominent Indian leaders, from Nehru to Modi, learning how their timely and effective socio-economic programs saved India from collapsing.Some comparative economic yardsticks between India, China, Japan, and the Southeast Asian nations.Important suggestions from the authors of this book about how India can sustain its current growth rate and eventually become a superpower such as the US and China.
Welfare for Markets
A sweeping intellectual history of the welfare state's policy-in-waiting. The idea of a government paying its citizens to keep them out of poverty--now known as basic income--is hardly new. Often dated as far back as ancient Rome, basic income's modern conception truly emerged in the late nineteenth century. Yet as one of today's most controversial proposals, it draws supporters from across the political spectrum. In this eye-opening work, Anton J瓣ger and Daniel Zamora Vargas trace basic income from its rise in American and British policy debates following periods of economic tumult to its modern relationship with technopopulist figures in Silicon Valley. They chronicle how the idea first arose in the United States and Europe as a market-friendly alternative to the postwar welfare state and how interest in the policy has grown in the wake of the 2008 credit crisis and COVID-19 crash. An incisive, comprehensive history, Welfare for Markets tells the story of how a fringe idea conceived in economics seminars went global, revealing the most significant shift in political culture since the end of the Cold War.
Technology Dominance of China and Nigeria Importation Syndrome
Scientific Study from the year 2024 in the subject Economy - Theory of Competition, Competition Policy, language: English, abstract: The study examined the technology dominance of China and Nigeria's importation syndrome. The study adopted a survey approach to seek the perception of 68 traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria. The major findings revealed that traders/dealers of China technology products in south-south Nigeria affirmed high importation of China mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances. In addition, the respondents confirmed that China's technology products influence Nigeria's importation syndrome. However, the curiosity regarding Nigeria's importation syndrome would continue to linger. Hence, the study recommends the establishment of China technology companies for the production of mobile phones, electronics, communication gadgets, and other technology appliances in Nigeria to make these products more affordable, and accessible, and create more jobs for Nigeria citizens.
Economic, Business and Artificial Intelligence Common Knowledge Terms And Definitions
Being a student of Economics and Business, I always seek to refresh my knowledge of key common terms in these areas. Economics, Business and Politics overlap a great deal in both academic and real-world applications. Artificial Intelligence will hopefully add for the better, the fields of Business, Politics and Economics. AI has the potential to revolutionize the way business operates and contribute to global economic activity. Everything from sales and marketing, customer service and operations will benefit as the data mined by AI will allow for better decision-making and optimization of business operations. Contained within is a small list of common terms in the areas of Economics, Business and Artificial Intelligence. Political terms are not included here but you will read some definitions of Economics that do have an overlap of political inferences. I hope these terms and definitions provide some insight into the world of economics, business, and artificial intelligence. They all affect your life more than you realize.
Jobs Undone
A decade after the spark of the Arab Spring, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continues to suffer from limited creation of more and better jobs. Youth face idleness and unemployment. For those who find jobs, informality awaits. Few women attempt to enter the world of work at all. Meanwhile, the available jobs are not those of the future. These labor market outcomes are being worsened by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 'Jobs Undone: Reshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa' explores ways to break these impasses, drawing on original research, survey data, wide-ranging literature, and young entrepreneurial voices from the region. The report finds that a prominent reason behind MENA's unmet jobs challenge is a lack of market contestability in the formal private sector. Few firms in the region enter the market, few grow, and those that exit are not necessarily less productive. Moreover, firms in the region invest little in physical capital, human capital, or research and development, and they tend to be politically connected. At the macro level, economic growth has been mediocre, labor productivity is not being driven by structural change, and the growth of the stock of capital per capita has declined. New evidence generated for this report shows that the lack of dynamism is due to the prevalence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). They operate in sectors where there is little economic rationale for public activity, and they enjoy favorable treatment--flouting the principles of competitive neutrality. Meanwhile, labor regulations add to market rigidity, while gendered laws restrict women's potential. To change this reality, the state must reshape its relationship toward markets, toward workers, and toward women. All reforms will have to rely on improved data capacity and transparency to create a new social contract between governments and the people of the region.
Social Contracts for Development
Sub-Saharan Africa has achieved significant gains in reducing the levels of extreme poverty in recent decades. Yet, the region continues to experience challenges across the development indicators, including energy access, literacy, delivery of services and goods, and jobs skills, as well as low levels of foreign direct investment. Exacerbating the difficulties faced by many countries are the sequelae of conflict, such as internal displacement and refugee migration. Social Contracts for Development: Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa builds on recent attention to the real-life social and political economy factors that underlie the power dynamic and determine the selection and implementation of policies. Applying a social contract approach to development policy, the authors provide a framework and proposals on how to measure such a framework to strengthen policy and operational engagements in the region. The key message is that Africa's progress toward shared prosperity requires looking beyond technical policies to understand how the power dynamics and citizen-state relations shape the menu of implementable reforms. A social contract lens can help diagnose constraints, explain outbreaks of unrest, and identify opportunities for improving outcomes.
Global Economic Prospects, January 2024
Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Land Matters
Across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), land is scarce and valuable. Demand for land is projected to dramatically increase to meet the needs of a fast-growing urban population. At the same time, the supply of land is restricted by weak governance and climate factors, causing the quasi-exhaustion of cultivable land reserves. As a result, a crisis is looming. Yet, land continues to be used inefficiently, inequitably, and unsustainably. 'Land Matters' identifies and analyzes the economic, environmental, and social challenges associated with land in the MENA region, shedding light on policy options and proposing paths to reform. It concludes that MENA countries need to act promptly, think more holistically about land, reassess the strategic trade-offs, and minimize land distortions. This report promotes a culture of open data, transparency, and inclusive dialogue on land, while filling major data gaps. These important steps will contribute to renewing the social contract, transforming the region economically and digitally, improving women's land rights, and facilitating recovery and reconstruction in a context of dramatic social, political, and climatic transformation.
Orders without Borders
This book offers an in-depth analysis of the concept of the direct enforcement of foreign restraint and confiscation orders, a crucial step in the process of asset recovery, including existing legal approaches and related challenges. In order to provide a balanced and informed overview, 31 jurisdictions, representing different United Nations regional groups and legal systems (civil law / common law / mixed systems), were selected as the focus of the analysis. This approach provides a meaningful picture of the situation worldwide from which generally applicable guidance could be drawn. The study suggests a series of practical steps and good practices for consideration by (1) countries exploring the possibility of introducing a direct enforcement mechanism into their domestic legal frameworks and (2) countries that are already in a position to directly enforce foreign confiscation orders but that are considering options to streamline processes and maximize results obtainable via direct enforcement approaches. This new StAR Initiative knowledge product is addressed to a broad range of law enforcement, justice, and asset recovery practitioners, as well as bodies involved in legislative and regulatory processes. It will be a useful tool in their work.
Achieving the Demographic Dividend in the Arab Republic of Egypt
The Arab Republic of Egypt was well on the path to achieving its demographic dividend at the turn of this century but has gone off track due to a reversal in its earlier fertility decline. But what is the demographic dividend? It reflects the economic benefits when a country undergoes a rapid decline in mortality, then fertility, and the consequent demographic transition. Due to lower fertility and fewer children per household, a growing working-age population increases productivity and per capita income, leading to accumulated savings, investments, and economic growth, underscoring the strong link between demographics and economic growth. Fortunately, Egypt has the political will, resources, and capacity to achieve its demographic dividend in the next decade, as this report by a team of Egyptian and World Bank experts shows. It reviews the trends in determinants of the rising total fertility rate, the likely factors that contributed to Egypt's fertility decline reversal, the government's initial response, and the sectoral and social drivers that may have influenced this fertility decline reversal. It also assesses the economic impact of the demographic changes, including estimates of forgone savings due to the increased fertility and of potential future gains if the country were to regain and then accelerate its fertility decline. Drawing on global evidence, the report proposes six policy and strategic priorities, complemented by four policy imperatives. These priorities aim to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate (the most important of the six), reduce school dropouts, increase female labor force participation, delay early marriage, leverage social protection programs, and improve governance of the country's population program. The four imperatives aim to assure broad-based socioeconomic development and they include creating productive jobs; investing in and leveraging human capital; enhancing financial inclusion and entrepreneurship, especially for women; and sustaining macroeconomic stability. The president's "Decent Life Initiative" and the "National Project for the Development of the Egyptian Family" can be used as the platform to implement many of the proposed policies and strategies. In such a manner, Egypt will be back on track to achieve its demographic dividend.
Within Reach
Climate change presents a unique challenge in that policy makers need to balance the speed and scale required to achieve global objectives within the time required to ensure political acceptability and social sustainability. Within Reach: Navigating the Political Economy of Decarbonization identifies the key political economy barriers and explores the options to address them through four key recommendations: * Climate governance: strategically adapt the institutional architecture and embed climate objectives into a positive development narrative. Strategic governance institutions that reflect societal goals--such as climate change framework laws, longterm strategies, or just transition frameworks--can alter the political economy, set clear objectives, facilitate coordination across actors, and help monitor progress and hold decision-makers accountable. * Policy sequencing: balance short-term feasibility and long-term ambition. Because the political economy and institutional context are dynamic and can be influenced by policies, policy makers can select their priorities, not only to make policy implementation feasible but also to actively build capacity and change the political economy and institutional context, building momentum toward the long-term objective and transformation. * Policy design: focus on people and manage the distributional effects of climate policies. Climate policies have heterogenous impacts across households, sectors, and locations. Active labor policies, reskilling programs, compensations and transfers, place-based policies, and green industrial policies can be used to protect vulnerable populations, facilitate a just transition, and make policies more acceptable and sustainable. * Policy process: use public engagement and communication to improve design and legitimacy. Civic engagement can improve a policy's design, enhance legitimacy, foster compromise, and help identify unintended consequences early. Effective communication can make reforms more accessible to the public and increase support. This book shows how appropriate governance frameworks, strong institutional capacity, well-designed policies with adequate compensation measures, and early engagement with all stakeholders are essential strategic elements to building consensus and momentum for transformative policies. By deploying these tools, policy makers can navigate the urgency in climate action and its political economy challenges to achieve their long-term climate goals and secure a livable planet.
Safe and Productive Migration from the Kyrgyz Republic
The benefits of international migration for workers from the Kyrgyz Republic, their families, and the home economy are tremendous. The migration process, however, comes with a set of vulnerabilities and risks. Those have been brought to light by the COVID-19 pandemic, which heavily tested migration systems and strongly impacted labor migration. Relying on rigorous analysis of the existing microdata, Safe and Productive Migration from the Kyrgyz Republic: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic shows that these vulnerabilities are present at each stage of the migration life cycle: predeparture, during migration, and after return. While COVID-19 has put these limitations at the forefront, this book highlights that many already existed before the pandemic and would persist in the long run in the absence of adequate policy responses. This book presents policy recommendations to enhance the benefits of international migration for the Kyrgyz Republic and reduce its risks. Beyond the COVID-19 context, these recommendations can also help mitigate the impact of other negative shocks to international migration from the country, including the adverse spillovers of the recent Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Given the strong similarities in migration systems and patterns between the Kyrgyz Republic and other migrant-sending countries, especially those in Central Asia, the policy lessons drawn from this book are relevant beyond the Kyrgyz context.
Global Economic Prospects, January 2022
Global Economic Prospects, January 2022
Unemployment
This book was originally published in 1981 at a time when mass unemployment had returned to the United Kingdom. Now reissued with a new Preface by the author's literary executor, the essays in this volume discuss in detail the damage that was being done to the community and the economy at national and regional levels as a result of government policy. There are chapters on the political and economic aspects of the problem, on the comparison with the inter-war years, on youth unemployment and on unemployment in each of the regions worst affected. The collection as a whole provides an authoritative overview of a central political issue of the late 20th Century but one which still has resonance today as the post-Covid, post-Brexit UK economy teeters on the edge of recession.
Lectures in Applied Environmental Economics and Policy
This book presents a series of lectures on applied environmental economics and policy covering the following issues: environmental cost-benefit analysis; ecosystem services; ecosystems biodiversity and the economy; and sustainability.The first part introduces basic concepts in environmental cost-benefit analysis and explains in detail the choice of the discount rate. Distributional issues and assessment of risk involved in decision-making criteria, using tools such as sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, are discussed.The second part of the lectures deals with ecosystem services and analyzes the concepts of total economic value and quasi-option value. It presents the two landmark global initiatives on ecosystem services: the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. The various methods and approaches for valuing ecosystem services, using revealed and stated preference valuation methods along with their advantages and disadvantages, are explored.In the third part, the links between ecological and economic systems are explored along with the economics of biodiversity where biodiversity-related issues such as metrics, valuation, conservation, and policy design are discussed.The fourth and final part of the lectures deals with sustainability. It covers issues related to measuring sustainable development at the macro level, along with corporate sustainability, and takes a brief look at environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting.
Working for Debt
In the early twentieth century, wage loans became a major source of cash for workers all over the United States. From Black washerwomen to white foremen, Illinois roomers to Georgia railroad men, workers turned to labor income as collateral for borrowing capital. Networks of companies started profiting from payday and property advances, exposing debtors to the grim prospects of garnishments of their wages and possessions in order to mitigate the risk of default. Progressive and later New Deal reformers sought to eradicate these practices, denouncing "loan sharks" and "financial slavery" as major threats to a new credit democracy. They proposed fair credit as a universal solution to move past industrial poverty and boost consumer freedom--but in doing so, reformers, lenders, and bankers limited credit access to the white middle-class constituencies seen as worthy of protection against extortion. Working for Debt explores how the fight against wage loans divided the American credit market along class, race, and gender lines. Simon Bittmann argues that the moral and political crusades of Progressive Era reformers helped create the exclusionary credit markets that favored white male breadwinners. The politics of credit expansion served to obscure the failures of U.S. capitalism, using the "loan shark" as a scapegoat for larger, deeper depredations. As credit became a core feature of U.S. capitalism, the association of legitimate borrowing with white middle-class households and the financial exclusion of others was entrenched. Blending economic sociology with business, labor, and social history, this book shows how social stratification shaped credit markets, with enduring consequences for class, race, and gender inequalities.
Working for Debt
In the early twentieth century, wage loans became a major source of cash for workers all over the United States. From Black washerwomen to white foremen, Illinois roomers to Georgia railroad men, workers turned to labor income as collateral for borrowing capital. Networks of companies started profiting from payday and property advances, exposing debtors to the grim prospects of garnishments of their wages and possessions in order to mitigate the risk of default. Progressive and later New Deal reformers sought to eradicate these practices, denouncing "loan sharks" and "financial slavery" as major threats to a new credit democracy. They proposed fair credit as a universal solution to move past industrial poverty and boost consumer freedom--but in doing so, reformers, lenders, and bankers limited credit access to the white middle-class constituencies seen as worthy of protection against extortion. Working for Debt explores how the fight against wage loans divided the American credit market along class, race, and gender lines. Simon Bittmann argues that the moral and political crusades of Progressive Era reformers helped create the exclusionary credit markets that favored white male breadwinners. The politics of credit expansion served to obscure the failures of U.S. capitalism, using the "loan shark" as a scapegoat for larger, deeper depredations. As credit became a core feature of U.S. capitalism, the association of legitimate borrowing with white middle-class households and the financial exclusion of others was entrenched. Blending economic sociology with business, labor, and social history, this book shows how social stratification shaped credit markets, with enduring consequences for class, race, and gender inequalities.
Monetary Policy and Central Banking in Korea
This study is among the first to examine the theory and practice of monetary policy in South Korea. Woosik Moon provides a detailed analysis of the central bank of South Korea, one of the most successful and important economies in Asia. He covers everything from monetary policy to inflation targeting and macroprudential regulation, explaining how these policy tools were used to deal with the aftermath of the 2007-2011 financial crisis. He then brings his study into our current moment, speculating as to how the use of these policies will change in order to deal with the fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic. This book offers in-depth investigations and the provision of the most up-to-date information about the Bank of Korea's monetary and financial actions, serving as essential reading for central bankers and professionals of financial markets around the world, as well as anyone interested in monetary policy-making.
Second Class
A personal, journalistic ethnography of the modern American working class, based on the travels and interactions of the author through the American heartland."Second Class is the most important book you will read all year. A political realignment is coming, and it's my hope that the end result will work in favor of our all-too-neglected American working class. When that realignment comes, Batya and her book will help lead the way."-Greg Lukianoff, CEO of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, and co-author of The Coddling of the American MindWho is the American working class? Do they still have a fair shot at the American Dream? What do they think about their chances to secure the hallmarks of a middle-class life? While writing this book, Batya Ungar-Sargon visited states across the nation to speak with members of the American working-class fighting tooth and nail to survive. In Second Class, working-class Americans of all races, political orientations, and occupations share their stories--cleaning ladies, health care aides, cops, truck drivers, fast food workers, electricians, and more. In their own words, these working-class Americans explain the struggles and triumphs of their increasingly precarious lives--as well as what policies they think would improve them. Second Class combines deep reporting with a look at the data and expert opinion on America's emergent class divide, in which the most basic elements of a secure and stable life are increasingly out of reach for those without a college education. America has broken its contract with its laboring class. So, how do we get back to the American Dream? How do we once again become the land of opportunity, the promised land where hard work and commitment to family are enough to protect you from poverty? It's not that hard actually. All it would take, as this book illustrates, is for those in power to once again respect the dignity of work--and the American worker.
A General History of China's Foreign Trade
China boasts a long history of foreign trade. As early as the pre-Qin period, residents of the country began to ship silk and other merchandise on outbound voyages. From the 2nd century BCE on, China has been connected to the rest of the world via the Overland Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road initiated in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.Trade relations between China and other regions in the world have been developing gradually and continuously. Trade has contributed to deepening economic and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. While benefiting the whole of humankind, Chinese civilization has also absorbed the achievements of other civilizations, allowing China and other countries to experience mutual benefits and advance together.This is the first volume in a series of books retelling the arduous development of China's foreign trade. It covers ancient times, recording China's foreign trade from the pre-Qin period to the early period of the Qing Dynasty.
Greening National Development Financial Institutions
National Development Financial Institutions (NDFIs) are crucial for mobilizing the required financing, including from private sources, to reach countries' climate and environmental (C and E) objectives. Funding needed to achieve countries' C and E goals is in the trillions of dollars, with many countries also facing significant fiscal and economic constraints. NDFIs are well positioned to overcome the market barriers associated with green investments and catalyze private-sector financing. The main purpose of 'Greening National Development Financial Institutions: Trends, Lessons Learned, and Ways Forward' is to examine the current trends and recommend policy actions for 'greening' NDFIs. This report identifies key steps NDFIs can take to catalyze finance toward countries' C and E objectives and manage C and E risks. The assessment of NDFIs' C and E practices is based on a review of key elements of NDFI operations and their institutional setup. The work draws from the results of a survey conducted by the World Bank of greening practices within NDFIs based in countries in a range of regions and income levels, as well as on in-depth case studies of four NDFIs: Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relaci籀n con la Agricultura, Korea Development Bank, T羹rkiye Sinai Kalkinma Bankasi, and Development Bank of Southern Africa.
Diplomazia pubblica del Drago
Public diplomacy, with a focus on China as the case study!
Diplomazia pubblica del Drago
Public diplomacy, with a focus on China as the case study!
Refiguring Identity in Corporate Times
Refiguring Identity in Corporate Times is aimed as a response to the narcissistic life-strategies promoted by the marketplace. It introduces an identity model that ensures a more inclusive, ethical, and authentic way of living ones own life-script. We live in a culture that requires us to create our own self-interpretation. Claiming to assist us in this mission are self-professed experts and the public media that offer life-strategies for adoption, to which it is all too easy to conform to in hyper-capitalized and consumerist societies. Among the most popular are fashion, entrepreneurship, travel, fitness, and self-spirituality, which are designed by corporate companies for instant appeal and feelgood results, expressing the consumerist religion of hedonistic narcissism and status. The possibility of an alternative identity for todays society that is based on the experience of conscience, sees our self-realization as intimately related to care for others and the advancement of political and civic institutions. To aspire for this identity model is to move from the distorted values of commercial life-strategies to five virtues. The virtues enable us to attune to what is singularly foreign in any experience, signalling ways how our worldview can become more inclusive, ethical, and insightful in its comprehension of existence. This key reading in Identity Studies provides insight into the psychology and behaviour endorsed by consumer culture; charts out a new understanding of virtue ethics; and promotes life-choices that steers consumers away from conformity in its capacity to stimulate the creation of a personal and authentic vision of life that involves others and societal institutions.
Catalonia -- An Emerging Economy
The Mediterranean sea is set to achieve the highest volume of shipping trade in the world in the 21st century. This anticipated expansion will be due in part to the growth of the AsiaEurope trade corridor, complemented by the proposed Suez Canal enlargement. The Catalan ports of Barcelona, Valencia and Tarragona Catalan offer the most efficient and cost-effective port entrance to the Mediterranean, and are poised to gain ascendancy over other European ports offering similar services. Economists and business leaders predict that Asia will become the main industrial platform of the world and Europe will become the main purchasing market of the world. Such forecasts seem to be on track given that in 2008 the ports of Barcelona and Valencia surpassed the container traffic (measured in TEUs) of the French port of Marseille and the Italian port of Genoa, and this for the first time ever. Only Catalonia has modern important industrial bases near to the port areas in the Mediterranean sea (this is not the case for Marseille, Genoa or Algeciras); Catalan ports are thus able to add value to semi-manufactured goods imported from the emerging economies in Asia, Africa and South America. It is anticipated that Catalan ports will play a similar role to the Flemish and Dutch ports, which in the twentieth century were at the forefront of the expansion of trade across the Atlantic ocean. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that global logistic operators rate Barcelona as the dominant and most important entrance port for Asian and African trade with Europe in the Mediterranean sea. Published in association with the Canada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies.
Uncertainty
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. In Uncertainty, Patrik Aspers provides detailed analysis of publicly available means of uncertainty reduction. Drawing on phenomenology, social constructionism, and the sociology of knowledge, Aspers considers the meaningful differences between uncertainty and risk, the different ways people cope and have coped with uncertainty through history, the importance of knowledge and science to reducing uncertainty, and the trade-offs involved in reducing forms of uncertainty while leaving open opportunities for others. People may have access to unique and private knowledge that reduces their uncertainty when making decisions. Publicly available knowledge is central for building a society that enables communication based on shared ideas and understanding, instead of falling into bubbles, echo chambers, and private truths. Examples include institutions, laws, standards, evaluation, competition, and ranking. The book addresses how these reduce uncertainty and how these ways are created. Examining what people can and in fact do to reduce uncertainty, Aspers addresses the existential dimension of uncertainty, the collective efforts and socially produced outcomes that lead to reduced uncertainty, and the social order that results.
Fixing the Foundation
Countries in middle-income East Asia and the Pacific were already experiencing serious learning deficits prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-related school disruptions have only made things worse. Learning poverty -- defined as the percentage of 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand an age-appropriate text -- is as high as 90 percent in several countries. Several large Southeast Asian countries consistently perform well below expectations on adolescent learning assessments. This report examines key factors affecting student learning in the region, with emphasis on the central role of teachers and teaching quality. It also analyzes the role education technologies, which came into widespread use during the pandemic, and examines the political economy of education reform. The report presents recommendations on how countries can strengthen teaching to improve learning and, in doing so, can enhance productivity, growth, and future development in the region.
Social Choice, Agency, Inclusiveness and Capabilities
The capability approach is a versatile framework rooted on issues of justice and multidimensional assessment of quality of life developed in the 1980s as an alternative approach to prevailing mainstream development ideas focused narrowly on economic development. Most closely associated with the work of Amartya Sen, it has become of great interest to development scholars from a variety of different disciplines. Much has already been done exploring the conceptual foundations of the capability approach and discussing Sen's contribution to the field, but few books have explored the links between social choice (another field with rich contributions by Sen) and human development issues. Featuring many of the world's leading experts on social choice theory and capability indicators, Social Choice, Agency, Inclusiveness and Capabilities combines these interrelated themes into one volume and fully explores the relevance of social choice to human development.
A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021
From the New York Times bestselling author, the fascinating story of U.S. economic policy from Kennedy to Biden--filled with lessons for today In this book, Alan Blinder, one of the world's most influential economists and one of the field's best writers, draws on his deep firsthand experience to provide an authoritative account of sixty years of monetary and fiscal policy in the United States. Spanning twelve presidents, from John F. Kennedy to Joe Biden, and eight Federal Reserve chairs, from William McChesney Martin to Jerome Powell, this is an insider's story of macroeconomic policy that hasn't been told before--one that is a pleasure to read, and as interesting as it is important. Focusing on the most significant developments and long-term changes, Blinder traces the highs and lows of monetary and fiscal policy, which have by turns cooperated and clashed through many recessions and several long booms over the past six decades. From the fiscal policy of Kennedy's New Frontier to Biden's responses to the pandemic, the book takes readers through the stagflation of the 1970s, the conquest of inflation under Jimmy Carter and Paul Volcker, the rise of Reaganomics, and the bubbles of the 2000s before bringing the story up through recent events--including the financial crisis, the Great Recession, and monetary policy during COVID-19. A lively and concise narrative that is sure to become a classic, A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021 is filled with vital lessons for anyone who wants to better understand where the economy has been--and where it might be headed.
Environmental Economics
Environmental Economics: The Essentials offers a policy-oriented approach to the increasingly influential field of environmental economics that is based on a solid foundation of economic theory and empirical research. Students will not only leave the course with a firm understanding of environmental economics, but they will also be exposed to a number of case studies showing how underlying economic principles provided the foundation for specific environmental and resource policies. This key text highlights what insights can be derived from the actual experience.Key features include: Extensive coverage of the major issues, including climate change, air and water pollution, sustainable development, and environmental justice Introductions to the theory and method of environmental economics, including externalities, experimental and behavioral economics, benefit-cost analysis, and methods for valuing the services provided by the environment Boxed Examples and Debates throughout the text, which highlight global cases and major talking points This second edition provides updated data, new studies, and more international examples. There is a considerable amount of new material, with a deeper focus on climate change. The text is fully supported with end-of-chapter summaries, discussion questions, and self-test exercises in the book, as well as a suite of supplementary digital resources, including multiple-choice questions, simulations, references, slides, and an instructor's manual. It is adapted from the 12th edition of the best-selling Environmental and Natural Resource Economics textbook by the same authors.
Is It Time to Start Exporting to Europe?
Are you a non-European business looking to enter the European market? There are a number of questions you may be wondering about, like: What country should we start in?Should we set-up a European entity, or hire locally?Should we sell direct to our end-users or set-up a European distribution network?In her new book, Christelle Damiens will help you navigate the European market, examining the latest trends and their impact for businesses, and the current opportunities for technology-based businesses.In Is It Time to Start Exporting to Europe?, Christelle shares the stories of a diverse range of technology-based company CEOs and senior professionals, examining the European entry strategy of each business, the challenges they encountered and their recipes for success. Using her 25 years of experience in this market, Christelle compiles the companies' learnings at the different stages of their journey and provides insight into what they wish they had done differently.This book is also valuable if you are already in the European market and are wondering why sales have slowed ir you are facing challenges you don't know how to overcome.
Algorithmic Bias in Medicine
In the 19th century, those controlling the steel industry amassed considerable fortunes. Subsequently, the 20th century witnessed oil as the principal resource for accumulating wealth. Presently, data, often referred to as the new oil, are among the most valuable assets. Seven of the world's leading corporations, as measured by market value, were involved in data and artificial intelligence (AI) towards the end of 2019. This growth in Big Data and AI has spurred the fourth industrial revolution. Within this thesis, AI refers to the capacity of machines to execute tasks autonomously, based on algorithms, whilst adaptively responding to unfamiliar circumstances. As such, the thesis examines methods that empower computers to tackle problems that necessitate intelligence when resolved by humans. AI encompasses the study of intelligent problem-solving behaviour and the development of intelligent computer systems. Additionally, the emphasis here is placed on data-driven AI instead of rule-based AI. The central issue addressed in this thesis pertains to the discrimination faced by People of Colour (PoC), exacerbated by healthcare AI and algorithms. As detailed in the subsequent chapter, research has demonstrated that PoC are treated differently by medical technology; discrimination based on the algorithmic use of ethnic factors is a pervasive problem in hospitals.
Dignity Not Debt
An earth-shaking reimagining of household debt that opens up a new path to financial security for all Americans. American households have a debt problem. The problem is not, as often claimed, that Americans recklessly take on too much debt. The problem is that US debt policies have no basis in reality. Weaving together the histories and trends of US debt policy with her own family story, Chrystin Ondersma debunks the myths that have long governed debt policy, like the belief that debt leads to prosperity or the claim that bad debt is the result of bad choices, both of which nest in the overarching myth of a free market unhindered by government interference and accessible to all. In place of these stale narratives, Ondersma offers a compelling, flexible, and reality-based taxonomy rooted in the internationally recognized principle of human dignity. Ondersma's new categories of debt--grounded in abolitionist principles--revolutionize how policymakers are able to think about debt, which will in turn revolutionize the American debt landscape itself.
Economic and Environmental Consequences of a Transformation towards Vegetarian Diets in Germany
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: 2,7, University of Hannover (Entwicklungs- und Agrar繹konomik), language: English, abstract: This masterthesis considers and analyses the economic and environmental consequences of vegetarian diets in Germany. The world is slowly but surely reaching the collective realization that an ecological catastrophe is inevitably which also leads to an economic and thus a social catastrophe. Sustainability, environmental protection and climate change are no longer niche topics. Environmental awareness is changing from individual lifestyle to social movement. Sustainability from consumer trend to economic factor. Environment is becoming a mainstream topic, a new criterion for good and bad, right and wrong. It is becoming the lowest common denominator for an entire generation. Everyone is affected, everyone must take a stand . In addition to these, the aspect of health is as well one of the most important Megatrends of our society today. The personal responsibility and health competence of the individual has increased - at the same time is health once again becoming more the responsibility of economy and politics. Because healthy or unhealthy environmental influences, food, or expenditures for medical facilities and education campaigns are not only subject to individual. In order to harmonize environment, society, economy and health, people have to change their way of consumption and the economy their way of production. A good foundation for this is provided by Nutrition Ecology, an interdisciplinary scientific discipline that attempts to balance all four dimensions. The first part of the work presents the vegetarian diet, its history and the different forms and motivations. In addition current numbers and characteristics of vegetarians living in Germany are presented in the last part of Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 a comprehensive description of the current meat consumption and production in
Freedom and Adaptive Preferences
Traditional welfare economics works with the assumption of the fully rational economic agent (homo economicus) whose preferences are fixed. To the contrary, this book presents a theory of welfare economics that maintains the principles of normative individualism while allowing for adaptive or changeable preferences.
Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary India
Despite rapid economic growth, the Indian economy is facing numerous social and developmental challenges which are a major hindrance to sustainability. This volume of the Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth series sheds light on economic and social challenges, policy reforms, and future dynamics and solutions. Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary India focuses on core topics of economic disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, changes in socio-cultural relationships, behavioural patterns and psychological attitudes governing human interaction, and government policies to stabilize the Indian economy and contribute to sustainable growth. Topics are explored such as macroeconomics, trade, manufacturing, agriculture and tourism to thoroughly examine the challenges to economic growth throughout India. Scholars, researchers, policy makers and management practitioners will benefit from understanding the effects of the pandemic in economic and social well-being terms to facilitate growth and fuel sustainable development strategies in India.
The Greatest Crash
The Greatest Crash argues that the financial system which evolved from the early Italian bankers has now reached a roadblock.The weight of debt already created prevents further economic expansion, while paying down the debt shrinks economies.To escape this trap, evolution is needed. But bureaucratic design, delegated government, and group think, all combine to prevent evolution.
Scarce and Valuable Tracts on Commerce
This volume, Scarce and Valuable Tracts on Commerce, was edited by John Ramsay McCulloch and originally published in 1859. It contains essays on political economy written by: Walter Raleigh; John Evelyn; Daniel Defoe; Matthew Decker; Josiah Tucker; Tobias Smollet; Prince William of Orange; William Temple; and William Vaughan.In her entry on McCulloch in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Phyllis Deane wrote: "It is now apparent that for most of the half-centurypreceding his death [in 1864] this hard-working, largely self-educated Scot did more than any other economist of this day to introduce the new science of political economy to an interested public." The three edited McCulloch volumes now reprinted by CL Press show the enduring value of McCulloch's service to those interested in the history of economic thought and the historical arc of liberalism.
New Structural Financial Economics
This Element proposes an alternative framework for rethinking the role of finance in serving the real economy from the perspective of New Structural Financial Economics. It challenges the conventional wisdom that developing countries should take the financial structure of developed countries as the benchmark and financial structure does not matter in spurring long-run economic development. As a sub-discipline of New Structural Economics, New Structural Financial Economics has three tenets. First, examining the appropriate financial structure should take an economy's factor endowment structure as the starting point of analysis, which identifies its latent comparative advantage. Second, the appropriate financial structure is determined by the financing needs of the prevailing production structure. Third, a government should provide development financing to address market failures, and make tailored financial regulations in line with the characteristics of specific financial arrangements. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Labour Markets Under Different Employment Conditions
Originally published in 1971, this wide-ranging study illuminates many crucial wage and employment issues by examining the operation of local labour markets and by testing labour market theory against the observed behaviour of employers and employees in different labour market environments.
New Structural Financial Economics
This Element proposes an alternative framework for rethinking the role of finance in serving the real economy from the perspective of New Structural Financial Economics. It challenges the conventional wisdom that developing countries should take the financial structure of developed countries as the benchmark and financial structure does not matter in spurring long-run economic development. As a sub-discipline of New Structural Economics, New Structural Financial Economics has three tenets. First, examining the appropriate financial structure should take an economy's factor endowment structure as the starting point of analysis, which identifies its latent comparative advantage. Second, the appropriate financial structure is determined by the financing needs of the prevailing production structure. Third, a government should provide development financing to address market failures, and make tailored financial regulations in line with the characteristics of specific financial arrangements. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Does the U.S. IPO market require further regulatory support?
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.5, Furtwangen University (Business School), course: MBA, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to divide the US financial markets into their three main components: the corporate sector, investment banking and institutional investors, represented by the asset management industry. This cross-disciplinary and holistic approach is based on an understanding of the IPO market as the intersection of these three main forces. This paper seeks to broaden the current debate and extend the traditional issuer-underwriter-investor model beyond the immediate ecosystem of IPO markets. The main objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the key, systemic and underlying trends in these three underlying disciplines and to identify potential areas for regulatory action. This paper finds academic evidence in the area of public equity offerings that regulatory initiatives can be effective and tilt the balance between private and public equity finance towards more regulated and transparent markets. It is also essential to acknowledge that this rebalancing was supported by financial innovation and it remains doubtful whether the JOBS Act can be as effective in the absence of similar innovation at the core of the IPO product, which remains locked between excessive underwriting fees and unresolved conflicts of interest in the analyst community, a key support function. These areas require further and immediate regulatory action to restore the competitiveness of the IPO product and to preserve the integrity of the IPO market as a whole.
Dsge Models for Real Business Cycle and New Keynesian Macroeconomics
This textbook introduces graduate and upper undergraduate students to Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. As DSGE models become integral in advanced coursework, this book serves as an invaluable guide, explaining the complexities with a methodological red thread across its five chapters. Starting with the stochastic dynamic models of the Real Business Cycle (RBC) and progressing through the field of New Keynesian Macroeconomics (NKE), it employs DSGE models to shed light on the dynamic nature of economic systems.The book presents the Blanchard-Kahn methodology for theoretical solutions, discussing its usefulness and limitations as models evolve in complexity. The book goes on to explain the shift from analytical to numerical solutions, showcasing the DYNARE software and providing coding insights. Unique to this volume is a chapter on difference equations, equipping students with essential mathematical tools, and a concluding exploration of a medium-sized NewKeynesian Economics model.This book will equip students to navigate the theoretical complexities of the topic and to independently replicate and comprehend the presented results. It bridges the gap between classical and Keynesian paradigms, reviving the debate in today's "RBC vs NKE" landscape. It will enable students to master the essence of macroeconomic theories and methodologies, paving the way for their scholarly pursuits.
University-Industry Technology Transfer in the UK
Since the turn of the century, technology transfer and innovation has played an increasingly important role in government policy for reinvigorating and supporting a country's industry. This has been fueled by technology transfer from third parties such as universities, but due to the rapid evolution of the external environment of technology, companies require regular upgrades to information systems and technical infrastructure and adjustments. University-Industry Technology Transfer in the UK: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides innovative insights into how technology transfer has operated in university-company projects undertaken in small- to medium-sized enterprises. Highlighting 19 different cases drawn from companies in the regions adjoining the University of Gloucestershire, UK, from a qualitative case study approach, the content within this publication analyzes contract packers, the manufacturing industry, and research organizations. It is a vital reference source for managers, business owners, education administrators, researchers, academicians, professionals, policymakers, and graduate-level students seeking coverage on topics centered on case examples of technology transfer projects in different industry sectors.
Impacts of Political Instability on Economics in the MENA Region
Political instability can harm economic performance and is likely to shorten policymakers' horizons, leading to sub-optimal short-term macroeconomic policies. This instability can also lead to a more frequent switch of policies, creating volatility and negatively affecting macroeconomic performance. Impacts of Political Instability on Economics in the MENA Region explores the results of financing challenges and strategies surrounding political unrest that center around the MENA region, as well as opportunities these challenges create for businesses and governments. Featuring research on topics such as debt, macroeconomics, and economic reform, this book is ideally designed for economists, investors, managers, multinational companies, policymakers, government officials, academicians, researchers, and advanced-level students furthering their research exposure to economic instability in the world today.
