Dentin Hypersensitivity
Dentin hypersensitivity is a unique condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to various stimuli. This pain is typically triggered by thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical factors, and cannot be attributed to any other dental defect or pathology. The condition most commonly affects the facial root surfaces of canines, premolars, and molars, especially in areas of periodontal attachment loss. Dentin hypersensitivity may be related to excessive tooth brushing abrasion, periodontal disease, or erosion from dietary or gastric acids, and can be exacerbated following scaling and root planing procedures. The exposed dentin is hypersensitive likely due to a lack of protective cementum, loss of the smear layer, and hydrodynamic movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules. The degree of pulpal inflammation in dentin hypersensitivity is not well understood, as the condition is usually not severe enough to warrant tooth extraction or root canal treatment. Thus in this book we emphasize of dentin hypersensitivity and its management.
Laboratory procedures in orthodontics
Revolutionizing Orthodontics: Bridging Conventional and Digital Laboratory Procedures highlights the crucial role of laboratory support in orthodontics, from basic tasks like alginate impressions to advanced appliances like clear aligners. The book explores both conventional techniques, such as study models and soldering, and the transformative impact of digital technologies like CAD/CAM. A special focus is on digital procedures, including 3D printing, which enhances precision, reduces treatment time, and improves predictability. Despite these benefits, adoption remains limited due to cost and technical challenges. This book is a comprehensive guide for orthodontists aiming to integrate both traditional and modern practices to provide superior patient care.
Biomaterials in Periodontal regeneration
Periodontal disease, characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, remains a prevalent and challenging condition to manage. Traditional treatments often fall short in achieving complete regeneration of periodontal tissues, highlighting the need for advanced therapeutic approaches. Biomaterials have emerged as a pivotal element in periodontal regeneration, offering innovative solutions to restore the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. This abstract provides an overview of the key concepts, materials, and future directions in the field of biomaterials used for periodontal regeneration.The development and application of biomaterials are driven by their ability to provide a conducive environment for tissue growth and healing. These materials can be broadly categorized into natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials. Biomaterials hold great promise in advancing periodontal regeneration, offering innovative solutions to restore damaged periodontal tissues. Continued research and development in this field are essential to overcome current limitations and achieve consistent, long-term clinical success.
Augmented Reality and Its Use in Pediatric Dentistry
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes computer-generated images, sounds, and other sensory inputs onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception of reality. In pediatric dentistry, AR is emerging as an effective audio-visual distraction technique to alleviate anxiety and discomfort in young patients during dental procedures. The use of augmented reality as an audio-visual distraction technique in pediatric dentistry offers a promising approach to enhance the overall dental experience for young patients. By reducing anxiety, managing pain, and improving cooperation, AR can lead to better dental outcomes and foster a positive attitude towards dental care in children. As technology advances, the potential for AR applications in pediatric dentistry is likely to expand, making it an invaluable tool for dental professionals.
Futuristic Approach in Caries Diagnosis
Caries diagnosis involves identifying and evaluating signs of tooth decay to determine its presence, severity and potential progression. The methods of detection include visual examination, dental X-rays, and sometimes advanced techniques like laser fluorescence. The goal is to make informed decisions on treatment and preventive measures based on the diagnosed condition. Early detection is crucial for effective management and preservation of dental health.
Management of Special Child in Pediatric Dentistry
Oral health is a very important aspect of general health, especially for vulnerable groups such as children with special healthcare needs. It is important to provide appropriate oral care in order to promote quality of life and good health for everyone, especially for children with special healthcare needs. Children with special needs for health care (SHCN) management causes uncertainty and anxiety among health practitioners like dentists as it involves advanced skills gained through special training, enhanced understanding, accommodative measures and resources. This book will help general and the pediatric dentists to determine some suitable dental treatment and also help other medical practitioners recognize the need to ensure good oral health for children with SHCN and the value of collaboration with dental practitioners.
Implant Occlusion
The relationship between maxilla and mandible is of the utmost importance when choosing an appropriate concept of occlusion for therapy that involves dental implants. The condition of the opposing jaw influences the concept chosen. The importance of equalizing the forces in both jaws is extremely important. The objectives of implant occlusion are to minimize overload on the bone-implant interface and implant prosthesis, to maintain implant load within the physiological limits of individualized occlusion, and finally to provide long-term stability of implants and implant prostheses.
A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Brain Tumor Detection
Brain tumors provide considerable obstacles in the field of healthcare, requiring accurate and prompt diagnosis in order to achieve effective therapy and enhance patient outcomes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are crucial techniques for identifying brain tumors, with each method providing unique benefits. However, depending exclusively on one modality can restrict the precision of diagnosis. This project presents a novel method that integrates MRI and CT scans to improve the detection and categorization of brain tumors. By utilizing a 13-layer Convolution Neural Network and image fusion algorithms, our approach seeks to combine the advantages of both modalities, reducing their respective drawbacks. The workflow entails the act of uploading MRI and CT scans onto an interface, where a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)applies picture fusion algorithm in the backend. The classification outcome reveals the existence, nature, or absence of a tumor. Moreover, the results can be obtained through a website or mobile app, making it easier and more effective for healthcare professionals to diagnose patients.
Recent Innovations in Pulp Capping Agents
Dental pulp capping is a procedure used to protect the dental pulp after it has been exposed or nearly exposed due to caries, trauma, or other procedures. The primary goal of pulp capping is to preserve the vitality of the pulp and encourage the formation of reparative dentin. The success of this procedure largely depends on the type of capping agent used. Recent advances in pulp capping agents have focused on improving biocompatibility, sealing ability, and the overall clinical success of the materials used. Here are some of the notable developments: Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Calcium Silicate-Based Materials, Biomimetic Materials. These advancements aim to improve the outcomes of vital pulp therapy by providing materials that offer better sealing, reduced setting times, and enhanced biocompatibility, ultimately promoting the healing and preservation of the pulp tissue.
Medical plants and their use in dentistry
According to the World Health Organization, 2.5-5% of patients admitted to hospitals have complications or poisoning from drugs. is related to Some types of chemical, synthetic drugs have the characteristic of causing unpleasant complications when used together with other drugs. If medicines prepared on the basis of the products of medicinal plants are used, it is very rare to cause such unpleasant consequences.It is also possible to prevent a number of diseases if medicines made from plant products are used in an entrepreneurial way. They are distinguished by their complete indifference to human organs. Even if medicinal plant products are used for a long time, there will be no complications. In this regard, if fruits, berries, vegetables, and greens, which are gifts of nature, are used in their place, they not only provide the human body with nutrients and life-giving substances, but it is also a cure for a number of diseases.
Dentin Hypersensitivity
Dentin hypersensitivity, often called sensitive teeth, is a prevalent dental issue characterized by sharp, transient pain due to exposed dentin responding to thermal, tactile, osmotic, or chemical stimuli. This condition affects many people, impacting their quality of life by limiting dietary choices and causing discomfort during oral hygiene practices.Pain from dentin hypersensitivity typically arises when the protective enamel is worn away or when gum recession exposes the underlying dentin and its microscopic tubules, which connect directly to nerve endings.Contributing factors include aggressive tooth brushing, periodontal disease, acidic dietary intake, and certain dental procedures. Managing this condition effectively involves a combination of preventive measures, such as proper oral hygiene and dietary modifications, along with treatments aimed at desensitizing the nerves or sealing the exposed tubules.Ongoing dental research continues to yield new insights and treatment options for dentin hypersensitivity, promising improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.
Dental Materials
Stay up to date with the uses, properties, and handling of dental materials! With just the right level and scope of content, Dental Materials: Clinical Applications for Dental Assistants and Dental Hygienists, Fifth Edition, emphasizes how knowledge of dental materials fits into day-to-day clinical practice. This hands-on resource features clinically focused content supplemented liberally with high-quality photographs, case applications, clinical tips and warnings, and step-by-step procedures, as well as videos and practice opportunities on a companion website. A focus on application and a strong art program with additional modern illustrations make this often-difficult subject matter approachable and relevant for today's dental team members.NEW! User-friendly features, including Key Points boxes throughout the chapters, more bulleted lists, and shorter paragraphs help you process complex topics more easilyNEW! Do You Recall boxes pose questions covering important concepts immediately after they're presented to support knowledge developmentNEW! Step-by-step procedure videos on the Evolve companion website reinforce techniques presented in the textNEW and UPDATED! Coverage of implant maintenance offers the latest information and guidelinesRobust art program features nearly 600 images of full-color conceptual renderings and clinical photographsClinical and laboratory procedures include step-by-step instructions and supporting artworkClinical Tip and Caution boxes highlight important informationEnd-of-chapter review questions and case-based discussion topics and practice quizzes on the Evolve companion website provide practice opportunities for classroom and board exam preparationKey terms are called out in each chapter and defined in a glossaryPatient home care instructions in many chapters provide helpful tools for patient education
Smile Design Unveiled
Smile design in prosthodontics is a comprehensive approach to enhancing dental aesthetics and function through meticulous planning and execution of dental restorations. This process integrates facial analysis, dental assessment, and patient preferences to create a personalized treatment plan. Prosthodontists use advanced digital tools and high-quality materials to achieve optimal aesthetics and functionality. Key aspects include evaluating oral health, designing customized restorations, and employing precise techniques to ensure a natural and harmonious smile. The ultimate goal is to improve patient's appearance and self-confidence by creating a smile that complements their unique facial features.
Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgery
This book explores the realm of minimally invasive periodontal surgery, focusing on advanced techniques, clinical outcomes, and practical applications. It offers an in-depth analysis of various surgical methodologies designed to treat periodontal Intrabony defects, emphasising patient recovery, treatment efficacy, and long-term results. The book serves as a valuable resource for dental professionals, postgraduate students and periodontists aiming to enhance their practice through innovative surgical approaches.
Tooth discoloration
In modern society, the aesthetic demands of patients, particularly young adults, are growing due to the increasing importance of physical appearance. Aesthetic dentistry, especially concerning dental dyschromia, is highly sought after as discolorations can significantly impact social and personal well-being.This work explores the origins and variations of tooth color and the causes of abnormal coloration. It evaluates two treatments for managing dyschromia: tooth lightening and bonded veneers. We will outline their indications, contraindications, and procedural protocols to help practitioners choose the most appropriate treatment, ensuring aesthetically pleasing results for patients.
Deal Before Damage (Preventive Orthodontics)
Development of the dentition is a process that occurs in an organized manner under the control of genetic and environmental factors from the primary dentition through the transitional stage to the permanent dentition resulting in a functional, aesthetic and stable occlusion. Thus, premature loss of primary teeth needs careful attention during development of the dentition. There are various methods involved in the procedure which are discussed in this book. Hence, the title "DEAL BEFORE DAMAGE (PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS).
Herbal Irrigants
Herbal irrigants refer to solutions derived from natural plant extracts that are used for irrigation in various medical and dental procedures, particularly in oral hygiene and endodontic therapy. These irrigants are often chosen for their perceived antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, as well as their potential to minimize cytotoxicity compared to synthetic alternatives.Herbal medicines are becoming popular and employed in endodontics because they are mostly harmless when used correctly and can be dangerous if overused. Considering that they are beneficial and have few adverse effects, herbs can also be used in endodontic treatment techniques. Safety, ease of accessibility, longer shelf life, economic efficiency, and the absence of microbiological resistance thus far are the main benefits of herbal irrigants. Combining irrigants and using them sequentially will assist to meet all of the requirements for irrigation of the root canal, which will result in successful root canal therapy.
Orthodontic and prosthetic treatment of maxillary diastema
The pursuit of the perfect smile, as popularized by media and social networks, emphasizes white, well-aligned teeth with minimal spacing. This close contact between teeth enhances aesthetics and promotes dental health and longevity. Disruption of this contact leads to diastemas, gaps that are more common in the maxillary arch, particularly the upper incisors. While maxillary anterior diastemas do not impair function, they often detract from the smile's aesthetic harmony, drawing attention to the gap. This concern frequently prompts patients to seek dental intervention, as they perceive diastemas as a major factor compromising their smile and quality of life.Treating maxillary anterior diastemas presents a challenge for dental surgeons, who must balance patient aesthetic desires with the biological and mechanical requirements of an effective treatment plan. This work defines maxillary anterior diastemas in adults, detailing their classifications and main etiologies. It examines the impact of diastemas and discusses various treatment options, focusing on orthodontic and fixed prosthetic solutions.
Nanofusion
This book explores the cutting-edge applications of nanotechnology in the field of periodontics, revolutionizing the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal diseases. Nanotechnology's potential to improve drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostic techniques is examined in depth. The book covers topics such as nanostructured implants, nanoparticle-based treatments, and nanoscale biosensors, highlighting their impact on periodontal therapy and patient care. Written by experts in the field, this comprehensive guide is essential reading for researchers, clinicians, and students seeking to understand the transformative power of nanotechnology in periodontics.
Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities in Tmd
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifaceted condition affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, characterized by pain, limited jaw movement, and other symptoms. Initial treatment focuses on conservative approaches like patient education, behaviour modification, and reversible therapies. Pharmacological options such as naproxen, gabapentin, and diazepam may offer relief, but evidence remains inconclusive. When conservative measures fail, specialist referral for advanced treatments like surgery may be necessary. Effective management requires tailored approaches informed by comprehensive assessment and ongoing research to improve outcomes and quality of life for TMD patients. This dissertation synthesizes recent advancements in diagnosing and treating temporomandibular disorder (TMD) from current literature. It covers comprehensive diagnostic methods including MRI, emphasizes initial conservative treatments, and reviews pharmacological options like naproxen, gabapentin, and diazepam for pain management. Advanced therapies are explored when conservative approaches fall short, promoting tailored care to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.
Graftless approach for edentulous patients
Over the past decades, implant dentistry has advanced significantly, particularly for the treatment of patients who are completely edentulous.With today's "Graftless concept", individuals who are edentulous or have "terminal dentition" no longer need to undergo grafting or endure lengthy waiting periods before having their dentition rebuilt. Many of our colleagues now handle their patients differently than they always did because of the ability to remove the patient's deteriorating dentition, put implants and create a fixed, instant load prosthesis.Compared to the 2-stage, delayed loading procedures, the graftless technique has the same or occasionally superior long-term outcomes, according to a large body of literature. This has improved patient care and increased patient acceptance of therapy while retaining long-term success rates.
Crowns in Pediatric Dentistry
Restorations for primary teeth provide a good treatment to repair or limit damage due to dental caries. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) have proven to be durable over the years; however newer crowns have been introduced which provide enhanced aesthetics. Open-face SSCs, zirconia crowns, strip crowns, polycarboxylate crowns, acrylic jacket crowns, New Age crowns and recently introduced BioFlx crowns are certain widely used crowns in the field of pediatric dentistry.
Forensic Dentistry. Uncovering the Truth Through Teeth
Document from the year 2024 in the subject Medicine - Dentistry, course: MDS, BDS, language: English, abstract: Forensic dentistry, also known as forensic odontology, is a specialized field of dentistry that involves the application of dental science to legal investigations. This discipline focuses on the identification of human remains through dental records, the assessment of bite mark evidence, and the examination of dental injuries that may be related to criminal cases. Forensic dentists work closely with law enforcement agencies, medical examiners, and legal professionals to help solve crimes, identify disaster victims, and provide expert testimony in court. Their expertise is crucial in situations where traditional identification methods are insufficient, making forensic dentistry an essential component of modern forensic science.
”Dental Marvels”
The loss of teeth can be caused by various complex and multifactorial conditions, and if untreated, it can lead to total edentulism. Being without natural teeth is a condition known as edentulism, a terminal process. Edentulous patients, with more or less severe mandibular alveolar bone resorption, often relate functional and psychosocial problems with using a conventional denture associated with a lack of stability and denture retention. The high predictability and survival of dental implants solve these problems, meaning the treatment of a fully edentulous mandible using an implant-retained overdenture has become a routine therapy. Thus, an overdenture retained by 2 or more implants is a highly predictable treatment with implant success and survival rates above 95.5%. This method also provides high satisfaction, comfort, and quality of life for patients compared with a complete conventional denture. Nowadays, implant-supported mandibular overdentures are commonly utilized as the standard treatment for edentulous individuals since they are an effective treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth.
Dental Robots
With advancements in technology, Robots are being used in every sector of science today because of their ability to do precise work. Robots minimize human error, increase work efficiency, and decrease working time. The successful application of medical robots has garnered enthusiasm for research on Robotics in dentistry, which breaks through the previous oral diagnosis, and treatment model and promotes a new avenue of technological innovation. This book emphasizes on the applications of various fields of dentistry: Prosthodontics, Endodontics, Orthodontics, Oral implantology, and Oral surgery.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Prosthodontics
In dentistry, AI significantly impacts fields like prosthodontics, which focuses on the design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial prostheses for teeth and other parts of the oral cavity. Traditional diagnostic and treatment modalities, bound by human intelligence and visual-tactile examination, are prone to human error, underscoring the need for AI. AI's ability to process vast amounts of patient data efficiently makes it essential in modern healthcare.AI applications in dentistry range from data processing and information extraction to utilizing neural networks for diagnosis. AI integrates augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) into dental education and employs robotics to enhance precision and predictability in surgical procedures. AI-driven virtual assistants help dentists diagnose accurately and treat patients efficiently, ensuring critical genetic information is not overlooked. However, while AI raises awareness and prompts timely treatment, it cannot fully replace human expertise but rather complements it.
Ergonomics in Dentistry
Ergonomics is all about the environment within which one works and how that person can complete tasks within it. The tools used by employees to carry out their job requirements are considered in the study of ergonomics as well. The importance of ergonomics in the workplace lies in each employee's ability to work within a space that is ideal for them to do their jobs well.Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD's) are disorders of the muscles, tendons, peripheral nerves or vascular system not directly resulting from an acute or instantaneous event (e.g., slips or falls). Dental professionals often develop musculoskeletal problems, which are related to sub-optimal work-environment ergonomics that might be responsible for improper sitting postures and movements causing unnecessary musculoskeletal loading, discomfort, and fatigue. This review article introduces some of the key concepts and practical aspects of musculoskeletal disorders in dental personnel.
Navigation in Endodontics
In endodontics, navigation involves using various techniques and tools to locate, clean, and shape the root canals within a tooth, which is essential for successful root canal therapy. Key components include radiographic imaging (such as X-rays and CBCT) for detailed tooth anatomy, magnification and illumination through dental microscopes and loupes for enhanced visualization, and electronic apex locators (EALs) for accurate measurement of canal length. Specialized endodontic files and ultrasonic instruments are used to negotiate and shape the canals, while digital workflows and software aid in planning and precision. Effective navigation combines these advanced tools and techniques with the clinician's expertise to ensure thorough cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system, preventing infection and ensuring long-term treatment success.
Covid-19
"COVID-19: Changing Perspective in Pediatric Dentistry" delves into the evolving landscape of dental care for children amidst the pandemic. With the emergence of COVID-19, pediatric dentists have had to implement various changes and adapt their practices to ensure the safety of both patients and staff. One key aspect addressed in the book is the implementation of new protocols and safety measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission within dental clinics. This includes stringent infection control procedures, such as enhanced cleaning and disinfection protocols, as well as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by dental professionals. It also describes brief about the COVID-19 lockdown in India and its impact on Indian population. It highlights innovative approaches such as play therapy and child-friendly explanations of safety measures to alleviate these concerns. Additionally, it emphasizes the growing importance of tele-dentistry in pediatric dental care. Overall, it underscores the need for adaptability and innovation in pediatric dental practice in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic.
Implant Surface and Design
The evolution of dental implant designs is driven by scientific research aiming to successfully integrate artificial structures into biological systems. Surface roughness and composition play crucial roles in promoting osseointegration-the connection between implant and bone. Clinicians must carefully select implants based on bone quality, site considerations, and biomechanics to ensure optimal outcomes. Collagen-coated implants show promise in enhancing biocompatibility and reducing inflammation. Future advancements will likely focus on improving surface topography, surgical techniques, and collaboration among specialists to enhance implant success rates.
Implementation and regularization of the human teeth biobank
Human tooth biobanks are considered an important scientific tool and are increasingly present in Brazilian dentistry courses. They were set up to organize and facilitate the collection, storage and donation of teeth, formalizing their origin and destination and creating ideal conditions for the use of these organs. This paper seeks to show how the BDH was set up, from the physical adequacy project, structuring for collection, storage and allocation, document organization, functionality and bureaucratic facts to the start of its activities and its regulation.
Core Oral Surgery for Dental Students Second Edition
Core Oral Surgery is written for undergraduate dental students to prepare them for Oral Surgery clinical practice but particularly to reach the standard required for their qualifying dentistry examinations. It is also intended as a guide to the knowledge required for overseas graduates preparing for the Overseas Registration Examination of the United Kingdom General Dental Council and for students at universities abroad who have a similar curriculum to the UK.With there being so much to potentially learn about the mouth and jaws it is necessary to guide candidates as to what it is reasonable for them to know at undergraduate level as opposed to more comprehensive surgical knowledge appropriate for post graduate trainees. The authors have between them many years of experience as teachers and examiners in Oral Surgery at undergraduate and post graduate level.
Hypertension and the dental treatment of hypertensive patients
The aim of this book was to review the literature on hypertension, looking for data based on current national and international literature on the epidemiology, classification, etiology, associated comorbidities and medical treatment of this disease. It also provides up-to-date information that can help the general practitioner in the planning and dental treatment of hypertensive patients.
Salivary Gland disorders, anomaly and new classification - an update
Salivary gland disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the glands responsible for producing saliva. These disorders can arise from various factors, including infections, autoimmune diseases, tumors, and blockages in the ducts. Anomalies in salivary glands can manifest as congenital abnormalities or developmental issues, impacting their function and structure.A newer classification system for salivary gland disorders has been proposed to provide a more comprehensive understanding and better management strategies. This classification categorizes disorders into inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and developmental anomalies. Inflammatory disorders include conditions like sialadenitis, which is inflammation of the salivary glands, often due to bacterial infections. Infectious disorders encompass viral infections like mumps and HIV-related salivary gland disease. Autoimmune disorders involve conditions like Sj繹gren's syndrome, where the immune system attacks the glands, leading to dry mouth and eyes. Neoplastic disorders involve benign and malignant tumors of the salivary glands, such as pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Myofunctional Appliance
Myofunctional appliances are mainly used for skeletal correction. As of today, there are various types of myofunctional appliances, but Twin Block is the only removable functional appliance which can be weared 24 hrs. Twin block appliance evolved from the clinical problem of case. Initially, it was for patient with Class II case but as recent advances go on it is proved to be successful in various types of cases.In this book we try to summarize the recent modification of Twin Block appliance according to various cases. We tried to cover modification in all transverse, vertical and sagittal problem.
Phyto-dentistry
- The study of using natural origin extracts as medications or health-improving agents is known as phytotherapy . Herbalism and traditional phytotherapy are both considered forms of alternative medicine The word "Phyto-dentistry" P denotes the direct or indirect use of plants and plant-derived products in the treatment of illness. The use of phytotherapy in the treatment of stomatological issues is essential. It began with the usage of miswak (a chewing stick), and many regions of the country still use it today as herbal toothpaste . India, which is aptly referred to as the world's botanical garden, is the country that produces the most medicinal herbs. Utilizing this easily accessible, natural, and secure resource as part of dental care.
The Effect of Herbal Products on Tooth Development (Odontogensis)
Tooth development or odontogenesis is a complex process because it develops as a result of complex series of interactions between epithelium and underlying mesenchymal tissue by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt in the mouth. Tooth development pass through a series of morphological stages known as bud, cap and bell (early and late) stages according to the degree of morpho-differentiation and histo-differentiation of their epithelial components. The tooth germ changes rapidly both in its size and shape, the cells are dividing and morphogenetic processes are taking place. At the late bell stage, hard tissues are formed and further growth of the crown will be related mainly to the deposition of enamel and the rate of the cell division being reduced. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera and Eucalyptol oil on the development of tooth germs in albino rats, both histologically and histochemically. The results showed the tooth germ of lower molar of albino rats at birth of control group (GI D1) appeared at the early bell stage with normal structure of enamel organ.
Matrix Metalloproteinase in Conservative dentistry & Endodontics
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) seem to play a dual role in dentistry. While several MMPs have an important role to play in developmental defects of teeth and in caries, some MMPs also seem to have a defensive role. The main organic component of tooth structure is collagen and MMPs that degrade collagen and the extra cellular matrix have been implicated in progression of dental caries. MMPs have also been shown to be active in pulpitis and studies have shown that they can be used as diagnostic markers of pulpal inflammation. This book reviews the role of MMPs in conservative dentistry and endodontics.
Proteomics in Periodontics
Proteomics was developed for the rapid identification of all of the proteins expressed by a cell or tissue a goal that has yet to be achieved for any species. Current goals of proteomic research are more varied and directed toward the systematic determination of diverse properties of proteins.Application of proteomics into the field of dentistry depends on how best oral health care practitioners will incorporate this into their practice as it requires a thorough knowledge of human genetics and application of new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. The proteomic tools can help to fill the gaps of the unexplored aspects of periodontal health and periodontal disease.
Imaging in Endodontics
In recent time the tooth pain has become an issue for every second individual. Without successful endodontics. we are unable to provide many patients with two of their most important facets - their ability to smile while displaying their natural teeth and their ability to use their natural teeth to eat with pain-free function.To overcome this facet, first there has to be building an accurate diagnosis. Diagnosis in dentistry may be defined as 'the process where the data obtained from questioning, examining and testing are combined by the dentist to identify deviations from the normal.
Sinus Lift Procedures
A sinus lift, also known as a sinus augmentation, is a surgical procedure that aims to increase the amount of bone in the upper jaw (maxilla) to support dental implants. This is particularly necessary when the existing bone structure is insufficient, often due to long-term tooth loss or bone resorption. This book discusses the indications for sinus augmentation, the different surgical techniques and the post operative management. It also discusses the benefits and the risks associated with such procedures.
Splints and Stents
Splints & stents are often overlapped in the field of Prosthodontics. Its use is just not limited to dentistry but also other medical fields. When properly constructed & adjusted, splint provide a good method of eliminating occlusal interferences, reducing neuromuscular activity, and obtaining stable occlusal relationships with uniform tooth contacts throughout the dental arch. Stents hold together the segments of fractures, skin grafts, protects the healthy tissue while administering radiotherapy, and helps to control haemorrhage. The word 'Splint' has its origin from the Dutch word 'splints' that means 'a metal plate or pin'.
Adult Orthodontics
Traditionally considered as a treatment modality for the teen and adolescent, there has been in significant increase in the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. This increased demand for treatment has been due to changed lifestyles and increased awareness about orthodontic therapy. It is important that the orthodontist realizes that the treatment needs, clinical procedures and patient priorities for the adult orthodontic patient differ significantly from the young. While the young may seek orthodontic correction for aesthetics, the adults may prioritize treatment for restoring normal occlusal function as well as treatment efficiency and convenience. Advances in orthodontics have made treatment more comfortable and more successful than ever for people of all ages. Collaborating orthodontic treatment with other dental specialties to provide multidisciplinary dental therapy has allowed better management of the more complicated and unique requirements of the adult. This work outlines the scope, benefits, the available treatment modalities, the effectiveness and limitations of adult orthodontic treatment.
Gingival Enlargement
Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gingival tissue around the teeth and it is a rare condition which is characterized by slowly, progressive, non-hemorrhagic fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. Gingival hyperplasia is also referred to as: "Gingival fibromatosis, gingivomatosis, diffuse fibroma, idiopathic fibromatosis, hereditary gingival hyperplasia, gigantism of gingiva and hypertrophic gingiva". Gingival enlargement is the proliferation and intensification of the gingiva which is a prevailing character of the diseased gingival tissues. Gingival enlargement is a multifactorial disease and is often attributed to several etiological factors such as plaque, pregnancy, drug induced, systemic hormonal imbalances, leukemias, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias and idiopathic gingival fibromatosis.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH Vs LITHIUM DI-SILICATE GLASS CERAMIC - AN OVERVIEW
Selection for lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) restorations have increased significantly in the field of prosthetic dentistry. The material possesses remarkable beauty and strength and is composed of an acicular crystalline material (70%) embedded in a glassy matrix. The translucency, esthetics and successful clinical performance have made LDGC one of the most popular all-ceramic materials. With the increased demand for metal-free restorations, LDGC meets the requirement for a material possessing strong mechanical properties combined with the optical properties of natural teeth. Mechanical strength is one of the main factors that determines the clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. In vitro studies report flexural strength of 360-440 MPa and fracture toughness of 2.25-2.75 MPa. These numbers are low when compared to zirconia or even alumina; however, the performance of glass-ceramic should increase after etching, silanization and bonding to prepared dentin using an adhesive resin cement. The mechanical and physical properties of the material allow it to be used in various applications.
Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol and Tapentadol
Impacted mandibular third molar surgery, a common dental procedure, often results in significant postoperative pain, necessitating effective analgesic management. Tramadol and Tapentadol are two opioids frequently used for pain relief in this context. This summary compares their analgesic efficacy, side effects, and patient outcomes in managing postoperative pain following this specific surgery.Tramadol, a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, works primarily by binding to the μ-opioid receptor and inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. This dual mechanism contributes to its analgesic effects but also results in a complex side effect profile.Tapentadol, a newer analgesic, also acts on the μ-opioid receptor but with a stronger inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. This simplified dual mechanism is hypothesized to offer effective pain relief with a potentially better side effect profile compared to Tramadol.
Pedaitric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep is a major physiological drive. It is a universal phenomenon that is characterized by a reversible state of partial unresponsiveness and disengagement from the environment. It is critical to the child's health, development and daily functioning. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of complete collapse of the airway or partial collapse with an associated decrease in oxygen saturation or arousal from sleep.While it's most common for a child to experience mild symptoms of sleep apnea, untreated childhood sleep apnea could be dangerous and lead to complications like growth and development challenges'; loss of bladder control (enuresis); Cardiopulmonary disease (heart and lung conditions) etc. This book discusses the prevalence of OSA in India, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and management.
Shade Selection In prosthodontics
Shade selection in prosthodontics is an art and science, crucial for crafting dental restorations that blend seamlessly with natural teeth. Understanding color dimensions-hue, chroma, and value-is essential for selecting the right shade. Optimal lighting, usually natural daylight, and a neutral environment are necessary to avoid color perception errors.Modern techniques utilize both traditional shade guides like Vita Classical and Vita 3D-Master and advanced digital tools such as spectrophotometers and colorimeters, ensuring precise and objective shade matching. Digital imaging systems further enhance accuracy, providing detailed shade analysis. Additionally, trial restorations offer a practical method for verifying the selected shade in the patient's mouth before finalizing the restoration.Overcoming challenges like metamerism and individual perception differences requires a systematic approach and experience. Ultimately, accurate shade selection enhances the aesthetic and functional success of prosthetic restorations, contributing to patient satisfaction and long-term oral health.
