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Pharmacology of Immunotherapeutic Drugs
Medicine has entered a golden age in which therapeutic agents are becoming widely available due to advances in basic science and technology. As such, many drugs have been developed that target inflammatory processes and/or the immune system. This book is intended for health professionals examining the modulation of inflammation by immunotherapeutic drugs. The immune system fills the primordial role of host defense and resistance to infections with pathogenic microorganisms. Several hematopoietic-derived cells constituting the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate to provide barriers for microbial colonization and/or promote pathogen destruction within the host. Conversely, many immune cells are also involved in the pathogenesis and propagation of chronic inflammatory diseases. The beginning of this book details various components of the immune system including the cell types, lymphoid tissues, soluble cytokines and surface molecules that are essentialfor host defense. Breakdowns in immune tolerance, or dysregulated immune responses to antigens derived from self tissues or innocuous sources, can lead to the development of autoimmunity or chronic inflammatory diseases. Pathophysiologic roles for the immune system are detailed in corresponding chapters on autoimmunity, epithelial surfaces (lungs, skin, intestine), and transplantation, with special emphasis placed on immunotherapeutic drug targets. The last section of the book focuses on treatments that stimulate our immune system to specifically target and fight infectious diseases and cancer. In each chapter, the medications used to treat various diseases/conditions in terms of their mechanism of action and other pharmacologic properties are detailed. Chapters begin with a table showing drug names and classifications. The importance of basic science and clinical trials cannot be understated in the context of drug development. As such, the discovery of certain medicationsthat had a lasting impact in medicine and pharmacy are highlighted in chapter subsections named "Bench to Bedside." Several clinical applications of immunotherapeutic drugs are described within end-of -chapter case studies including practice questions. The Pharmacology of Immunotherapeutic Drugs is a reference for immunologists and clinicians (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses) examining the modulation of inflammatory processes by a variety of medications targeting the cells and mediators of our immune system.​
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Pharmaceutical Calculations
Pharmaceutical Calculations: A Conceptual Approach, is a book that combines conceptual and procedural understanding for students and will guide you to master prerequisite skills to carry out accurate compounding and dosage regimen calculations. It is a book that makes the connection between basic sciences and pharmacy. It describes the most important concepts in pharmaceutical sciences thoroughly, accurately and consistently through various commentaries and activities to make you a scientific thinker, and to help you succeed in college and licensure exams. Calculation of the error associated with a dose measurement can only be carried out after understanding the concept of accuracy versus precision in a measurement. Similarly, full appreciation of drug absorption and distribution to tissues can only come about after understanding the process of transmembrane passive diffusion. Early understanding of these concepts will allow reinforcement and deeper comprehension of other related concepts taught in other courses.More weight is placed on the qualitative understanding of fundamental concepts, like tonicity vs osmotic pressure, diffusion vs osmosis, crystalloids vs colloids, osmotic diuretics vs plasma expanders, rate of change vs rate constants, drug accumulation vs drug fluctuation, loading dose vs maintenance dose, body surface area (BSA) vs body weight (BW) as methods to adjust dosages, and much more, before considering other quantitative problems. In one more significant innovation, the origin and physical significance of all final forms of critical equations is always described in detail, thus, allowing recognition of the real application and limitations of an equation. Specific strategies are explained step-by-step in more than 100 practice examples taken from the fields of compounding pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and medicine.
Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications
This book presents a multidisciplinary assessment of the state of science in the use of systemic delivery technologies to deliver anti-aging therapeutics now under development. There is a gap between basic aging research and the development of intervention technologies. This major obstacle must be overcome before biogerontological interventions can be put into clinical practice. As biogerontology comes to understand aging as a systemic degenerative process, it is clear that there is a pressing need for technologies that enable cells and tissues in a fully developed adult body to be manipulated systemically to combat aging. The authors review advances in the chemistry and engineering of systemic delivery methods and analyze the strengths and limitations of each.The book is organized into six sections. The first offers an overview of the need for systemic delivery technologies alongside the development of anti-aging therapies and describes approaches that will berequired for studying the properties and efficiency of carriers for systemic delivery. Sections II, III and IV describe recent advances in a range of strategies that may enable systemic delivery to help combat aging conditions ranging from cell senescence to decline in immune function and hormonal secretion. Section V discusses practical strategies to engineer and optimize the performance of delivery technologies for applications in systemic delivery, along with their working principles. The final section discusses technical and biological barriers that must be overcome as systemic delivery technologies move from research laboratory to clinical applications aimed at tackling aging and age-associated diseases.Benefiting scholars, students and a broader audience of interested readers, the book includes helpful glossary sections in each chapter, as well as sidebars that highlight important notes, and questions for future research.
Cytochrome P450 2d6
This book provides the first single source of comprehensive information on the human cytochrome P450 2D6 gene-or CYP2D6-that serves as an important reference for medical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nursing researchers, practitioners, and students. It reviews the current knowledge of CYP2D6 as well as the maturing body of evidence indicating
In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Drug Delivery Research for Optimum Clinical Outcomes
This book covers the essentials of drug delivery research and provides a unique forum for scientific experimental methods that are exclusively focused by the in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo methodologies of drug delivery research and felicitates translational research. The book includes recent and novel approaches in evaluation methods of transde
Learning from Disease in Pets
This is the first encompassing guide for veterinarians, researchers and physicians on conducting studies using spontaneous models of disease in animals. The study of naturally occurring disease in (pet) animals can help model our understanding of the biology, prevention and therapy of human and animal diseases.
Heilung Oder Humbug?
Alternative Medizin ist popul瓣r: etwa 70% der deutschen Bev繹lkerung hat im vergangenen Jahr mindestens eine Art von alternativer Behandlung angewendet. Doch was bringen Antioxidantien, Aloe Vera, Kinesiologie und Reiki eigentlich? Kann man an der Zunge oder der Iris erkennen, ob es den inneren Organen gut geht? Welche Erfolge k繹nnen Geistheilung, autogenes Training oder Hypnotherapie vorweisen?Es gibt vielschichtige Gr羹nde f羹r die gro?e Beliebtheit dieser Methoden - Fehlinformationen sollten dabei eigentlich keine Rolle spielen. Leider prasseln auf Anwender und Hilfesuchende eine Menge an Fehlinformationen ein. Diese sind ausschlaggebend daf羹r, dass falsche, unkluge oder sogar gef瓣hrliche therapeutische Entscheidungen getroffen werden.Dieses Buch hilft dem Leser, sich im Labyrinth der alternativen Medizin zurechtzufinden. Neben wesentlichen Hintergrundinformationen zu alternativer Medizin wie dem Placebo-Effekt, wissenschaftliche Nachweismethoden und gesellschaftlichen Pro- und Contra Argumenten, f羹hrt das Buch durch 150 alternative therapeutische und diagnostische Methoden und beurteilt sie unter anderem hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit, Kosten und Gefahrenpotential. Das Buch richtet sich an Leser, die ein Interesse an ihrer Gesundheit haben, daher auch mit der Alternativmedizin lieb瓣ugeln und eine evidenzbasierte Analyse suchen.Der AutorEdzard Ernst erforscht seit 25 Jahren alle Aspekte der alternativen Medizin. Er und sein Team haben weit 羹ber 1000 von Fachkollegen begutachtete Arbeiten und viele B羹cher zu diesem Thema ver繹ffentlicht, darunter More Harm than Good? The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2018) und Hom繹opathie - Die Fakten [unverd羹nnt](2016) bei Springer. Seine Arbeit wurde mit mehr als einem Dutzend Preisen ausgezeichnet, darunter dem John-Maddox-Preis 2016. Er ging 2012 in den Ruhestand und ist emeritierter Professor der Universit瓣t Exeter und spielt dauerhaft eine aktive Rolle in der 繹ffentlichen Debatte 羹ber alternative Medizin.
Prediabetes, Metformin and Ayurvedic Aspect - An Overview
This is attempting to focus on a aspect of prediabetes with concerning to Ayurveda. This book is not traditional type book; we have tried to make it more reader.Diabetes is chronic metabolic disorder, a group of different complications. India is leading world in number of diabetes, second in prediabetes. Heredity, Age, Obesity, Sex, Diet, Physical Inactivity, Hypertension, Socio-economic Status, sedentary Lifestyle and various stresses etc. are some of etiological factors for prediabetes. For deterrence and healing there are many approaches such as drugs (modern medications), Alternative systems like Ayurvedic, Diet, Lifestyle intervention and recently Spice therapies are seen useful and effective. In allopath, Metformin is only medicine useful (in reduced doses) for avoidance and curative approach. The combination therapies are important in management and prevention of prediabetes. Ayurveda advocate the use of plants in treatment plenty of diseases. India has about 45,000 plant species and among them, several thousands have been claimed to possess medicinal properties. Various researches, mentioned in ancient literature/ used traditionally, have shown Antidiabetics property.
The Benzodiazepines Crisis
Developed decades ago to treat a legitimate medical need, benzodiazepines promisingly displaced less-effective and less-safe drugs, though prescribing has since exceeded their intended use and outpaced the available data. The current situation is characterized by excessive prescribing and extended utilization beyond good therapeutic practice. Evidence indicates that prolonged use of benzodiazepines causes a wide range of adverse reactions, and withdrawal can be particularly challenging. Misused, abused, diverted, and counterfeited, benzodiazepines have serious potential for substance use disorder, and are among the leading causes of drug-related overdose deaths. The Benzodiazepines Crisis sounds the alarm against the overuse of benzodiazepines, presenting an updated, evidence-based overview of this class of drugs and their negative consequences. Bringing together years of research, clinical expertise, and scientific evidence, this book aims to address a perceived lag between evidence and action in order to call for rational and dramatically reduced usage of benzodiazepines.
Pharmacy Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians
This book is divided into eight units containing 33 chapters and over 400 practice problems.Unit 1: Essential SkillsUnit 2: Auxiliary SubjectsUnit 3: Unit ConversionsUnit 4: Dosage CalculationsUnit 5: IV Flow Rate CalculationsUnit 6: Percent and Ratio Strength CalculationsUnit 7: Concentrations/Dilutions/Reconstitution CalculationsUnit 8: Miscellaneous Subjects
A Review of Pharmaceutical Science. Support for Viva and Job Interviews
Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Pharmacology, grade: 12.0, language: English, abstract: The study helps to highlight the pharmacists' roles and responsibilities along with basic pharmacy education, with the most recent information obtained from publications in several journals, books, bulletins, newsletters, magazines. Also, many of the prospective viva and interview questions are solved along with a few chapter outlines, covering many of the pharmacy courses. However, it is very important to remember that no study aid can help do well in a viva session or job interview unless a knowledge base is kept sharpen. This study aims to support a pharmacy student or professional to give an accelerated mental support when books are not feasible to carry before an interview and viva session. The expanded role of pharmacists uplifts them to patient care, industrial marketing, regulatory affairs from dispensing and manufacturing of drugs. The sector is emerging in both developed and under-developed countries. Furthermore, pharmacy teaching institutions need to revise and update their curricula to accommodate the progressively increasing development in the pharmaceutical education and the evolving new roles of practicing pharmacists in healthcare arena.
Lectures on Homeopathic Philosophy
An Unabridged, Digitally Enlarged Edition To Include Lectures: The Sick - The Ideal Cure - What The Physician Must Perceive - Fixed Principles - Law And Government From Center - Discrimination As To Maintaining External Causes And Surgical Cases - The Unprejudiced Observer - Indispositions - On Simple Substance - Disorder First In Vital Force - Materialism In Medicine - Sickness And Cure On Dynamic Plane - The Removal Of The Totality Of Symptoms Means The Removal Of The Cause - The Law Of Similars - Susceptibility - Protection From Sickness - Oversensitive Patients - The Science And The Art - Chronic Diseases - (Psora, Syphilis, Sycosis) - Disease And Drug Study In General - The Examination Of The Patient - Homeopathic Catechism (Refers To The Organon, 100 questions) (Julia C. Loos)
Ayurvedic Diet for Weight Loss
Ayurvedic dieting is all about eating and eating well. Weight gain is not because of how much we eat it is about how much of what we eat. This is exactly the problem that ayurvedic diet addresses through its core tenets. Through this book the author has built a relation between nature and food through the principles of Ayurveda that not only helps in healthy weight loss but also focuses on holistic well-being. He used tips and basic knowledge to educate you about this diet form so that you can make an informed choice equipped with all the core information that forms the basis of Ayurvedic dieting.
Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology:
The book provides easy-to-understand diverse specialized topics in toxicology using self- study questions and answers. The answers are in the form of text along with custom made diagrams and explanations that help the student audience to understand and grasp the matter easily. It is written specifically as a study guide for the toxicology board and other examinations.
Design and Evaluation of Mometasone Furoate loaded Microsponge Gel
Aim of present work was to Design and Characterization of Microsponge Loaded Controlled Release Topical Gel of Mometasone FuroateExperimental work: In present study Mometasone Furoate microsponge preparation was prepared by Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique using Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RS100, Eudragit S100 in different conc. Drug- excipient compatibility studies were performed by FTIR. The prelimirily batches of microsponges were evaluated for particle size, % practical yield, % loading efficiency and for drug release.There was no interaction found between drug and excipients. On the basis of various characterization batch F17 was selected for the topical gel formulation.DSC study showed the melting behaviour of drug present into microsponge.SEM studies showed that optimized microsponge was uniformly spherical and porous in nature.The drug release from optimized microsponge formulation follows zero order release kinetic. The microsponge loaded gel formulation release the drug in controlled manner for 8 hrs. The stability data showed that there was is no physical chemical instability of microsponges loaded gel
Nanofibres in Drug Delivery
In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in the production of nanoscale fibres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Nanofibres in Drug Delivery aims to outline to new researchers in the field the utility of nanofibres in drug delivery, and to explain to them how to prepare fibres in the laboratory. The book begins with a brief discussion of the main concepts in pharmaceutical science. The authors then introduce the key techniques that can be used for fibre production and explain briefly the theory behind them. They discuss the experimental implementation of fibre production, starting with the simplest possible set-up and then moving on to consider more complex arrangements. As they do so, they offer advice from their own experience of fibre production, and use examples from current literature to show how each particular type of fibre can be applied to drug delivery. They also consider how fibre production could be moved beyond the research laboratory into industry, discussing regulatory and scale-up aspects. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Nanofibres in Drug Delivery
In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in the production of nanoscale fibres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Nanofibres in Drug Delivery aims to outline to new researchers in the field the utility of nanofibres in drug delivery, and to explain to them how to prepare fibres in the laboratory. The book begins with a brief discussion of the main concepts in pharmaceutical science. The authors then introduce the key techniques that can be used for fibre production and explain briefly the theory behind them. They discuss the experimental implementation of fibre production, starting with the simplest possible set-up and then moving on to consider more complex arrangements. As they do so, they offer advice from their own experience of fibre production, and use examples from current literature to show how each particular type of fibre can be applied to drug delivery. They also consider how fibre production could be moved beyond the research laboratory into industry, discussing regulatory and scale-up aspects. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Emergency Surgery - Handbook
The first edition of this "Emergency Surgery-Handbook" provides a brief and useful account of emergency surgical disorders' essential features. This book is handy for interns, residents, and casualties medical officers as they can refer to this accessible book not to miss the diagnosis. This concise book cannot replace the well-established textbooks, but it gives a clinician sufficient information to manage the emergency.The book covers basic principles and provides essential information on the diagnosis and management of acute surgical conditions and wound care, fluids management, sutures, and antibiotics. It also includes how to minimize post-operative wound dehiscence (10 Pearls of Wound Closure) along with pre-operative and post-operative care. The text covers the field of general surgery and covers the basic needs of the undergraduate as far as the surgical specialties are concerned. This handbook covers newer topics like abdominal compartment syndrome, Emergency Diagnostic laparoscopy in acute abdomen.This book has defined Pearls of wound closure to minimize post-operative wound dehiscence which is a deadly complication and affect the physical and mental health of patients as well as of operative surgeon as said by Moshe Schein "There are few things more embarrassing to a surgeon than the sight of his recently operated patient, his abdomen gaping, and the gut spilling out all around."
Patients Knowledge Assessment on Vitamin K Antagonist
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of multiple factors in the coagulation cascade: Factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and protein S. The study planned to assess the knowledge level regarding warfarin therapy among its users and to identify the factors that significantly influence anticoagulation control. The study results reveal that based on the scoring of population knowledge 27% have good INR control and 73% of patients have interventional INR. Among this interventional population, 72.3% have low INR and 28.7% have higher INR based on the target INR. This population has 49.32% are male and 50.68 are female. The study population that faced 4 main ADRs such as bleeding in gums, bloody stools, gastrointestinal discomfort, the rash was 34.2%. The detailed performance of the study is discussed in the book.
Diseases of the Chest, Breast, Heart and Vessels 2019-2022
This open access book focuses on diagnostic and interventional imaging of the chest, breast, heart, and vessels. It consists of a remarkable collection of contributions authored by internationally respected experts, featuring the most recent diagnostic developments and technological advances with a highly didactical approach. The chapters are disease-oriented and cover all the relevant imaging modalities, including standard radiography, CT, nuclear medicine with PET, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imaging-guided interventions. As such, it presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on imaging of the heart and chest, as well as thoracic interventions and a selection of "hot topics". The book is intended for radiologists, however, it is also of interest to clinicians in oncology, cardiology, and pulmonology. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a complex physiologic process with significant potential harm, and though an important clinical problem, the basic science and research surrounding this entity remains poorly understood. This unique open access book fills the gap in the knowledge of compartment syndrome, re-evaluating the current state of the art on this condition. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as the multiple dilemmas facing the surgeon. Pathophysiology, ischemic thresholds and pressure management techniques and limitations are discussed in detail. The main surgical management strategy, fasciotomy, is then described for both the upper and lower extremities, along with wound care. Compartment syndrome due to patient positioning, in children and polytrauma patients, and unusual presentations are likewise covered. Novel diagnosis and prevention strategies, as well as common misconceptions and legal ramifications stemming from compartment syndrome, round out the presentation.Unique and timely, Compartment Syndrome: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management will be indispensable for orthopedic and trauma surgeons confronted with this common yet challenging medical condition. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
X-Ray Contrast Media
This open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical aspects of X-ray contrast media. The overall goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview relevant for the optimal use of x-ray contrast media covering next to the historic development, their structure and properties also practical information for handling of contrast media, and explanation of the relevant risks during use and measures for prevention and treatment of potential side effects. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Alternatives to Animal Testing
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments - replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
X-Ray Contrast Media
This open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical aspects of X-ray contrast media. The overall goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview relevant for the optimal use of x-ray contrast media covering next to the historic development, their structure and properties also practical information for handling of contrast media, and explanation of the relevant risks during use and measures for prevention and treatment of potential side effects. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
A manual of organic materia medica and pharmacognosy; an introduction to the study of the vegetable kingdom and the vegetable and animal drugs (with syllabus of inorganic remedial agents) comprising t
Step into the fascinating world where science and nature entwine. A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy by Lucius Elmer Sayre stands as a cornerstone for anyone curious about the origins and properties of medicinal plants and animal-derived remedies. With a keen focus on the botanical pharmacopoeia, this classic work guides readers through the intricate study of the vegetable kingdom and the essential role of pharmacal botany in early 20th century pharmacology. Every page reveals the botanical and physical characteristics, sources, and constituents of both vegetable and animal drugs, making it an indispensable reference for medical students, herbalists, and those captivated by historical medical practices. Sayre's authoritative voice brings clarity to complex subjects, from the identification of medicinal plants to the challenges posed by insects injurious to drugs. The included syllabus of inorganic remedial agents further enriches this pharmacognosy manual, offering a comprehensive introduction for those seeking a deeper understanding of natural remedies. Both a medical students resource and a herbalists reference book, this volume remains vital for anyone drawn to the roots of healing traditions. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike. For those who value a medicinal plant compendium with enduring cultural and scientific significance, this is more than a book: it is a bridge to the wisdom of generations past.
A manual of organic materia medica and pharmacognosy; an introduction to the study of the vegetable kingdom and the vegetable and animal drugs (with syllabus of inorganic remedial agents) comprising t
Step into the intricate world where science meets nature, and discover the roots of modern medicine. A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy by Lucius Elmer Sayre is more than a pharmacognosy manual; it is a window into the 19th century's botanical and medicinal wisdom. Here, the secrets of the vegetable kingdom and the foundations of herbal and animal drugs are laid bare, with clarity and authority. Every page guides readers through botanical characteristics, pharmacal botany, and the essential pharmacopoeial preparations that shaped the era's medical practice. Knowledge lives here. This historical drug compendium is renowned for its precise detail, including a syllabus of inorganic remedial agents, and its exploration of insects injurious to drugs-an essential reference for medical students, herbal medicine enthusiasts, and anyone captivated by the evolution of pharmacology. Sayre's work, part of the Lucius Elmer Sayre collection, bridges the gap between scientific rigour and the curiosity that drives discovery. Its blend of botanical characteristics guide, animal drugs reference, and practical pharmacognosy is as relevant for collectors as for those beginning their study of the field. Republished by Alpha Editions in a careful modern edition, this volume preserves the spirit of the original while making it effortless to enjoy today - a heritage title prepared for readers and collectors alike.
Diseases of the Chest, Breast, Heart and Vessels 2019-2022
This open access book focuses on diagnostic and interventional imaging of the chest, breast, heart, and vessels. It consists of a remarkable collection of contributions authored by internationally respected experts, featuring the most recent diagnostic developments and technological advances with a highly didactical approach. The chapters are disease-oriented and cover all the relevant imaging modalities, including standard radiography, CT, nuclear medicine with PET, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imaging-guided interventions. As such, it presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on imaging of the heart and chest, as well as thoracic interventions and a selection of "hot topics". The book is intended for radiologists, however, it is also of interest to clinicians in oncology, cardiology, and pulmonology. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Alternatives to Animal Testing
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments - replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a complex physiologic process with significant potential harm, and though an important clinical problem, the basic science and research surrounding this entity remains poorly understood. This unique open access book fills the gap in the knowledge of compartment syndrome, re-evaluating the current state of the art on this condition. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as the multiple dilemmas facing the surgeon. Pathophysiology, ischemic thresholds and pressure management techniques and limitations are discussed in detail. The main surgical management strategy, fasciotomy, is then described for both the upper and lower extremities, along with wound care. Compartment syndrome due to patient positioning, in children and polytrauma patients, and unusual presentations are likewise covered. Novel diagnosis and prevention strategies, as well as common misconceptions and legal ramifications stemming from compartment syndrome, round out the presentation.Unique and timely, Compartment Syndrome: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management will be indispensable for orthopedic and trauma surgeons confronted with this common yet challenging medical condition. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Primary Angioplasty
Medicine; Cardiology This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Primary Angioplasty
Medicine; Cardiology This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Integrierte Notfallzentren (Inz) ALS Neue Struktur Der Notfallversorgung
Dieses essential beleuchtet das Thema Integrierte Notfallzentren (INZ). INZ sollen an einem Tresen die Situation des Patienten einsch瓣tzen. Ziel ist es diesen einem der jeweiligen Behandlungsdringlichkeit zust瓣ndigen Versorgungsbereich (ambulante medizinische Versorgung, 瓣rztlicher Bereitschaftsdienst oder klinische Notfallversorgung) zuzuordnen, um u.a. auch einer ?berf羹llung und ?berlastung der Notaufnahmen entgegenzuwirken. Dieses essential fasst sowohl den aktuellen Forschungsstand als auch heterogene Meinungen zum Thema INZ zusammen.
Extended Release Tablet of Glipizide
The present investigation was to formulate and evaluate extended release tablet of glipizide using natural gum for the treatment of type II diabetes. Extended release tablet was prepared by employing hydrophobic diluents (DCP) and hydrophilic diluents (starch). Experimental work done: Preformulation studies and drug excipient profile were carried out for glipizide and dammar gum. Different batches of glipizide extended release tablets were prepared by using dicalcium phosphate and starch as diluents by wet granulation technique and direct compression method. Seven batches were made by changing concentration of dammar gum and change diluents in formulation. A physicochemical properties of dammar gum were evaluated such as acid value, iodine value, melting point, molecular weight. Result and Discussion: Results of preformulation study were satisfactory as no interaction was observed between glipizide and dammar gum by FTIR and DSC. All the pre and post compression parameters were tested. In vitro drug release profiles were examined, and compared with marketed product. The drug release of D5 batch is extended upto 98.22% in 12hr, and it follows korsmeyer peppas model.
Osseointegrated Oral implants
In the past, osseointegration was regarded to be a mode of implant anchorage that simulated a simple wound healing phenomenon. Today, we have evidence that osseointegration is, in fact, a foreign body reaction that involves an immunologically derived bony demarcation of an implant to shield it off from the tissues. Marginal bone resorption around an oral implant cannot be properly understood without realizing the foreign body nature of the implant itself. Whereas the immunological response as such is positive for implant longevity, adverse immunological reactions may cause marginal bone loss in combination with combined factors. Combined factors include the hardware, clinical handling as well as patient characteristics that, even if each one of these factors only produce subliminal trauma, when acting together they may result in loss of marginal bone. The role of bacteria in the process of marginal bone loss is smaller than previously believed due to combined defense mechanisms of inflammation and immunological reactions, but if the defense is failing we may see bacterially induced marginal bone loss as well. However, problems with loss of marginal bone threatening implant survival remains relatively uncommon; we have today 10 years of clinical documentation of five different types of implant displaying a failure rate in the range of only 1 to 4 %.
Formulation of Film Coated Tablets of Norfloxacin and Tinidazole
The aim of the present study was development and optimization of an efficacious, pharmaco-economical, palatable and marketable film coated tablet formulation of Norfloxacin-Tinidazole. Bitter taste of both drugs reduces the patient compliance & hence marketability. However it has been shown that film coating technology economical & useful in masking the taste. The core tablets with maximum hardness & minimum disintegration time were selected for film coating. (F-1 & F-07) The optimized formulation F-07 showed hardness, friability, disintegration time and drug release in range 9 kg/cm2, 0.17簣0.02%, 27.40簣2.1 sec. & 100% release in 30 min. respectively. For all tablet formulation drug release at the end of 30 min was found in the range of 52.78簣0.09 to 100.07簣0.5 % and from the obtained results, F-07 was selected as an optimized formulation for designing palatable tablet. Therefore it can be concluded that the present work discusses in depth the development and optimization of an efficacious, pharmaco-economical, palatable and marketable tablet formulation of Norfloxacin and Tinidazole.
Nutrition, Genetics, and Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death worldwide, in which genetic and environmental factors seem to play a determinant role. In fact, several lifestyle (i.e., dietary, physical inactivity) factors and nutritional-related diseases (i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, genome-wide association studies have also identified numerous genomic loci that determine susceptibility to cardiovascular events. Therefore, nutrition and genetics seem to interact in predisposing an individual to cardiovascular diseases. This book provides a presentation of recent advances in knowledge on nutrition, genetics, and cardiovascular disease coming from diverse scientific disciplines.
Text Book of Alkaloids
Over the years, many people have tried to define alkaloids in different forms. Alkaloids are the most powerful than other phytochemicals. Here the author tried to explain the effectiveness of alkaloids, in which all substances that are poisonous in the plants are included. Therefore, it would be right to state that the exploits of any kind of alkaloids on the human body is naturally shocking and painful.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Pain and Inflammation in Functional Urological Disorders
The botulinum toxin has been widely applied in the treatment of functional urological diseases, such as overactive bladder, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Evidence has shown that the botulinum toxin not only affects the release of neuropeptides from motor nerve endings, but also connects sensory nerves to the central nervous system. Inflammation in the central nervous system can be reduced after botulinum toxin treatment. The scope of therapeutic targets involves detrusor overactivity, sensory disorders, bladder pain and pelvic pain, and inflammatory disorders of the bladder, prostate, and bladder outlet. Although the actual pathophysiological mechanism of the action of the botulinum toxin has not been completely demonstrated, an anti-inflammation effect might be the predominant therapeutic mechanism for functional urological disorders such as an overactive bladder, bladder hypersensitivity, interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, chronic prostatitis, and lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. This Special Issue of Toxins covers the therapeutic potentials of the botulinum toxin on lower urinary tract dysfunctions, with emphasis on the mechanism of pharmacological action and clinical effects.
Anti-Angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development Volume 5
The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance - many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this series excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.The fifth volume brings together reviews on the following topics: - Targeted therapy for tumor vasculature- Anti-angiogenic therapy for breast and prostate cancers (including information updates on clinical trials)- Microbe-based and other novel antiangiogenesis therapies, including chromene-based agents
Nutrition and Central Nervous System
The focus of this Special Issue is "Nutrition and the Central Nervous System". The brain is, as a very specialized and one of the most metabolically active organs of the body, dependent on a steady and sufficient supply of dietary ingredients. The critical role of the diet for brain development as well as for proper CNS functioning and the possible preventative roles against neurodegenerative and neurological conditions is commonly accepted. The overarching aim of this Special Issue is pinpointing the mechanisms of action and publishing state-of-the-art contributions discussing the roles that nutritional compounds play in the development, maintenance, and aging of the CNS.
Military Advanced Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Handbook
A longtime standard for military healthcare personnel, the second edition of Military Advanced Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Handbook (MARAA) has been thoroughly revised and updated. Although the MARAA handbook initially gained its reputation as a useful resource for managing pain associated with battlefield trauma, its beautifully illustrated step-by-step guidance provides pertinent and practical guidance for managing vital acute pain services in all civilian and military clinical settings. Opening chapters review equipment, local anesthesia and additives, and physics of ultrasound and nerve stimulation. Much of the book is devoted to step-by-step guidance on performing various regional anesthesia nerve blocks organized by pertinent neuroanatomy, use of nerve stimulation, and use of ultrasound. The concluding group of chapters discusses organization of the acute pain service and staff, a review of multidisciplinary care, basics of pediatric regional anesthesia, first-aid acupuncture, and more.
Fast Dissolving Tablets of An Anti-Gout Drug
The idea of formulating Fast Dissolving Tablets is to provide an acceptable and practical approach for the objectives of faster disintegrating and dissolution characteristics.In the current work Fast Dissolving Tablets of Febuxostat were prepared by sublimation technique after preparing solid dispersion of drug for high solubility in ratio . All the Fast Dissolving Tablets of Anti-gout were subjected to thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time and drug content uniformity.
Medicine Women, Curanderas, and Women Doctors
Winner of the Zia Award, New Mexico Press WomenThe stories of ten women healers form the core of this provocative journey into cultural healing methods utilized by women. In a truly grass-roots project, the authors take the reader along to listen to the voices of Native American medicine women, Southwest Hispanic curanderas, and women physicians as they describe their healing paths.This book will fascinate anyone interested in the relationship between illness and healing-medical practitioners and historians, patients, anthropologists, feminists, psychologists, psychiatrists, theologians, sociologists, folklorists, and others who seek understanding about our relationship to the forces of both illness and healing.
Registration Process of Generic Budesonide DPI as per USFDA Guidelines
The purpose of this book is to develop a hypothetical dossier based on regulations and guidances which are required to be followed when an actual submission is filed to the USFDA, with an objective to meet the Common Technical Document(CTD) requirements. For this purpose, Budesonide Dry Powder Inhaler(DPI) is selected as a product to prepare a hypothetical dossier. In terms of volume by 2026 it is expected that requirement of DPI in USA would be increased and may reach up to 400 million units per year due to increasing air pollution and increased rate of respiratory diseases in children as well as old age people. In this study an ANDA has been prepared which includes data of the different modules such as Module 1: Administrative Information, Module 2: Quality Overall Summary, Module 3: Quality (Drug substance and Drug product) and Module 5: Clinical Study Reports. To get the ANDA approval, generic applicants has to show scientific evidence that their product is bioequivalent to the innovators drug product. Once the application is submitted it will undergo through a thorough review process by CDER, OGD & OCP and if they find it satisfactory, product will get approval from FDA.
Development and evaluation of film coated tablets of letrozole
The study is an attempt towards developing a formulation of an anti-estrogen drug, which belongs to non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor and which has in-vitro dissolution profile similar to that of reference product. Our target is to develop a dosage form similar to reference product for generic drug application to abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). Immediate drug delivery is required to alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pharmacological active moieties by using physiological parameters inherent in the selected route of administration. It is also desirable to show rapid onset of action. In case of patient needing a quick action, conventional tablets are unable to release medicament rapidly. The drugs having long half-life and more bioavailability are beneficial for the formulation of immediate release dosage forms. Therefore, the present project involves the development of a formula for an orally administrable immediate release tablet of an anti-estrogen drug, letrozole which must be stable, bio-equivalent to reference listed drug product and has a reproducible and robust process of medication to prevent breast cancer relapse.
Marine Bioactive Natural Product Studies-A Southern Hemisphere Perspective
The search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine organisms has been an active area of research since the 1950s. The distinct biodiversity of the marine environment has afforded a vast array of unique secondary metabolites, many of which possess potent biological activities. This Special Issue of Marine Drugs will highlight recent bioactive marine natural product studies conducted by southern hemisphere scientists on an array of marine organisms.
Advances in Plant Alkaloid Research
Plant alkaloids are critical components of modern medicine and pharmaceuticals. These compounds are also becoming increasingly important for industrial uses as part of the green chemistry revolution. This Special Issue will focus on the molecular advances being made in understanding how such a large and diverse class of compounds are made by plants and how metabolic engineering advances are increasing the overall yield of crucial precursors.
