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Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain explores the fascinating world of drug substances and their effects on the brain. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the ten major substances that contribute to drug addiction Information about each substance is presented in a specific chapter, shedding light on their biochemical mechanisms and physiological effects. From the stimulating effects of cocaine to the sedative properties of heroin, and the hallucinogenic experiences induced by LSD, the book takes the reader through the intricate pathways of addiction. Other substances covered in the book include alcohol, nicotine, MDMA, METH, morphine, ketamine, and fentanyl. Readers will gain an understanding about neurochemical alterations in the brain Anyone looking for interesting knowledge about the addictive nature of common drugs and their complex interplay with the brain will find this book informative.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome
Inflammation triggers specific metabolic pathways and if not resolved, translates into several painful diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disorders and psoriasis. Various processes have been explored to understand the factors behind inflammation and consequently, many mechanisms have been examined to suppress it. The nucleotide-binding domain like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an example of such factors which is responsible for triggering sterile and microbe induced inflammation. Studies of genetic variants of the related gene have revealed insights into the mRNA expression pathways that may help researchers to identify crucial disease mechanisms. This book is a review of the scientific findings of distinguished scholars who have studied NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its contribution in worsening the outcomes of inflammatory disorders. This collection of chapters covers many aspects of the multifaceted role of NLRP3 inflammasome. Beginning with airway inflammation and fibrosis, it progresses to explore its involvement in pulmonary hypertension, heart diseases, tuberculosis, cardiovascular complications, and childhood asthma. Additionally, it examines the inflammasome's impact on protozoan parasitic infections and neuropathic pain. The chapters not only elucidate the intricate mechanisms of NLRP3 activation but also discuss potential inhibitors and therapeutic targets. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome's diverse implications across different physiological contexts. The book includes references making this book a valuable treatise of insights for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals.
Neurodegeneration in Cognitive Impairment and Mood Disorders for Experimental, Clinical and Translational Neuropsychiatry
Neurodegeneration is a major problem in neuroscience and medicine, as it causes and worsens many neurological and psychiatric disorders. It involves gradually losing neurons at different brain levels, affecting cognition, emotion, behavior, consciousness, and attention. However, the current therapies are mostly symptomatic and ineffective. In light of these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop novel and transformative approaches, among which non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) holds considerable promise. NIBS techniques can modulate neural activity and safely and reversibly promote plasticity, presenting an avenue for exploring innovative treatment modalities. Moreover, the NIBS field is evolving rapidly, with ongoing research endeavors to elucidate its mechanisms of action, identify new clinical applications, and investigate synergistic interactions with pharmacological agents. This Special Issue covers the latest progress and challenges in studying neurodegeneration in cognitive impairment and mood disorders from experimental, clinical, and translational perspectives. It addresses the complexities and diversity of these conditions, the scarcity of disease-modifying treatments, the ethical and practical challenges of conducting research in the development and validation of novel methods such as NIBS, artificial intelligence, and drug repurposing. Collaborative efforts among various stakeholders are needed to improve our knowledge and treatment of neurodegenerative, underlying cognitive impairment, and mood disorders.
Update on Orthopedic Surgeries of the Lower Extremity Diseases and Injuries
The journal Medicina is excited to announce the launch of a Special issue entitled "Lower Extremity Disease and Injuries", featuring 32 carefully chosen papers that explore a broad spectrum of advancements, challenges, and innovations in orthopedic surgery, specifically focusing on the lower extremities, including from the hip to the foot and ankle. This area, crucial for human mobility, is vulnerable to a variety of issues, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and innovation. This Special Issue showcases groundbreaking work in surgical techniques, rehabilitation protocols, diagnostic advancements, and biomechanical analyses, among others. Each paper not only advances the field of orthopedic surgery but also has practical implications for clinical practice, aiming to enhance patient outcomes. This Special Issue covers a diverse range of topics, reflecting the comprehensive approach needed for lower extremity disorders. It includes cutting-edge treatments for arthritis and ligament injuries and the latest advancements in prosthetics and orthotics, marking significant progress in research and development. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial team for their contributions and dedication. Their collective efforts improve our understanding and management of lower extremity diseases and injuries. Readers are invited to explore this Special Issue reprint, which emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and drives orthopedic surgery forward.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease, in which the composition of the oral biofilm and the individual immune response have significant impacts. Severe periodontitis is one of the most prevalent conditions in the world, leading to periodontitis being a public health concern.It is widely accepted that periodontitis may be a modifiable risk factor/modulator for several systemic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease. It seems to have an influence not only on the manifestation and progression but also on the prognosis of several systemic diseases. The biological plausibility linking periodontitis and various systemic diseases could, among other things, be due to bacteremia and their associated systemic inflammatory consequences. This raises the question of whether individualized periodontal therapy could possibly reduce the risk of the development of systemic diseases or positively influence their outcome.
Orofacial Pain
Pain is a universal human experience, but acute and chronic pain has both physical and psychological effects. For that reason the World Health Organisation recognised pain relief as a basic human right. Orofacial pain is seen as particularly damaging - deemed 'inescapable' by its sufferers. This book takes a problem-based learning approach to orofacial pain, focusing on neuropathic trigeminal pain and persistent temporomandibular disorder. Topics covered include symptomology of several types of orofacial pain, pain progression and the psychosocial factors involved in pain. Each chapter includes detailed patient cases illustrating how to identify relevant physical changes and psychometric tests to measure levels of depression, anxiety and stress in the clinical situation. The book aims to enable clinicians to gain a better understanding of patient pain, to reassure the patient that they are understood and to build an effective pain management strategy, recognising the biopsychosocial nature of pain.
Cutting-Edge in Arthroplasty
Personalized medicine was introduced in arthroplasty several years ago to further improve outcomes. Compared to the early beginnings of arthroplasty, the range of implant types, implant sizes, geometrical forms, and implantation techniques has grown enormously over the last few decades to more effectively deal with patients' needs and anatomy and to improve outcomes. Several attempts failed, several were successful, and others were partially successful or experienced a renaissance and advancement. However, it is not just the "hardware" that makes the difference. The "software" of peri-operative medicine that deals with the patient and the tissues around the joints also became a milestone in treatment. Navigation, gender implants, PSI (patient-specific instrumentations), customized implants, robotics, early mobilization, minimal-invasive surgery, and altered analgesic and anesthetic care are some of the examples.Another significant issue and remaining problem for the coming years and decades is revision arthroplasty of failed implants. Even with optimized implantation and improved materials, the more active patients who undergo operations today will potentially need new surgeries in the future. Removal of implants, infection, and osteolysis can lead to significant bone loss, which needs to be addressed.This Special Issue aims to address the cutting-edge topics that concern arthroplasty and the period before, during, and after the surgery.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of soft-tissue sarcoma, investigations into new treatments and methods of management have posed challenges. Although intensive chemotherapy and the establishment of surgical procedures have improved the outcomes of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas, there remains limited options for anticancer agents, a high incidence of postoperative complications, and an unsatisfactory curative rate for recurrent and metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. This reprint contains original/review articles on molecular biology, the microenvironment, anticancer agents, and the management of soft-tissue sarcomas.
Ophthalmic Adverse Events following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Explore the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and ophthalmic adverse events in this Special Issue, "Ophthalmic Adverse Events Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination." Authored by leading experts in ophthalmology, this compilation delves into the ocular manifestations associated with the COVID-19 vaccination and offers a comprehensive analysis of current research and clinical data. From scrutinizing existing literature to providing nuanced insights, this Special Issue navigates the dynamic landscape of vaccine-related ocular effects. This is a thorough resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and anyone seeking an informed understanding of the intersection between the COVID-19 vaccination and the eye.
Bioactive Coatings for Implantable Devices
Implantable materials are becoming increasingly important as an alternative for repairing, assisting, or replacing defective parts of the body, such as dental, orthopedic, and cardiac implants. This reprint focuses on research regarding modern technologies that enable various surface modifications, including coating with ceramics and polymers, and growth factors to improve their biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and antithrombogenic properties or to promote the differentiation of cells.
Medication Safety and Pharmacovigilance in Clinical
Recent years, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, can be considered a turning point for pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology in terms of their role in drug safety and drug utilization monitoring in clinical practice. In this context, researchers operating in the fields of pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology have extensive knowledge about approved medications, many of which have been or are currently undergoing clinical trials for repurposing. Among them, clinical pharmacologists' knowledge can be used and translated to optimize dosing and treatment regimens and to assess the relationship between drug exposure and adverse drug events, with the crucial aims of optimizing drugs' efficacy and ensuring drug safety in a real-world setting. Real-world data are crucial to further establish the safety profile of pharmacological treatments. As a next step, real-world data from electronic health databases may be used in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology to monitor drug utilization patterns, as well as the efficacy and safety of drugs in large populations. Furthermore, this approach will be particularly useful for the monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines' efficacy and safety. In this reprint, experts submited population-based studies (cohort or case-control studies), drug utilization studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and review articles that contribute to improving the understanding of the role of pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Joint Repair and Replacement
Primary and secondary osteoarthritis, post-traumatic and oncological sequelae, severe joint malalignments and articular avascular necrosis have always represented challenging management problems for orthopaedic surgeons and traumatologists. The bone tissue loss, characteristic of these clinical pictures, has conditioned operational choices in favour of more invasive and sometimes disabling interventions. Often, the poor quality or quantity of the bone substance does not allow for standard prosthetic devices to be implanted or requires large amounts of cadaveric or autologous bone grafts, with related risks and complications. Today, thanks to technological improvement in terms of planning and implants, the possibilities of joint reconstruction and replacement, as well as of treatment for malalignments and loss of periarticular bone substance, have been considerably extended. This reprint aims to retrace the clinical experience of leading authors in the field of joint and extrarticular procedures, as well as to summarize the state of the art treatment of some of the most complex orthopedic conditions. The remarkable success of this Special Issue forced us to be selective in the choice of the best works and the result is extremely positive and interesting. As Guest Editors, we are, therefore, proud to present this Reprint of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, a reliable and prominent journal, committed to scientific divulgation across many medical fields.
Evaluating Novel Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine
Standard and cutting-edge biomarkers used for the diagnosis and evaluation of different illnesses will be covered in this Special Issue. Emphasis will be placed on personalized medicine, since this innovative strategy enables healthcare professionals to identify the most effective therapies for each patient using diagnostic tests and biomarkers.Evidence-based findings indicate that many medications are unsuccessful for some individuals; as such, this method is crucial. Healthcare professionals can create individual preventative plans and treatment plans by considering the patient's medical history, as well as biomarkers throughout the diagnosis process. This strategy benefits patients and the healthcare system, according to several cost-effectiveness studies.Treatments that are customized for each patient offer both medical and financial benefits, making them not only essential for patients and physicians, but also welcomed by regulatory agencies as well as insurance providers.
Non-invasive Device-Mediated Brain Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier
It is well known that the blood-brain barrier (BBB), substantially composed of tight junctions between the capillary endothelial cells and efflux transporters such as MDR1 at the apical membrane of the capillary endothelial cells, prevents drugs from entering the brain. Accordingly, drug delivery into the brain across the BBB is a challenging task, particularly in central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as brain cancers such as glioma. It is true that drugs in systemic circulation go through intentional membrane disruption or intentional tight junction disruption into the brain across the BBB, but bystander harmful compounds can enter the brain together. Moreover, although craniotomy is often conducted for surgical removal or direct drug administration, this process burdens and torments patients. Thus, non-invasive, device-mediated brain drug delivery across the BBB should be developed to improve not only patient health, but also quality of life. At present, brain drug delivery systems that utilize biological transport machineries such as carrier-mediated transport, receptor-mediated transcytosis, lipid-raft-mediated transcytosis, or macropinocytosis at the BBB have been extensively investigated. This Special Issue aims to share recent progress and trends in this field.
Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Disease
Gastrointestinal disease (GID), the disease of the gastrointestinal tract, is one of the main contributors to disease burden around the world. GID causes 8 million deaths around the world per year and cost 120 billion dollars in the United States in 2018 alone. Simultaneously, the notion of artificial intelligence (AI) has gained great attention on a global level. Machine learning, a branch of AI extracting knowledge from large amounts of data, includes several common approaches, and a popular machine learning approach is the use of an artificial neural network (ANN), a group of neurons (information units) that are networked based on weights. An ANN normally has one input layer, one, two or three intermediate layers, and one output layer. A deep neural network (or deep learning) is an artificial neural network with a large number of intermediate layers, e.g., 5, 10 or even 1000. This Special Issue demonstrates the effectiveness and popularity of deep learning as a cutting-edge approach to the diagnosis and management of GID. This Special Issue covers a wide range of important topics including the classification, detection and segmentation of acute diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, fatty liver, fecal material, inflammatory bowel disease, living-donor liver transplantation, neuroendocrine tumor and pancreatic cystic lesions. The Special Issue addresses the utility of explainable AI and large language models as well. In conclusion, this reprint will serve as an indispensable collection of original studies on the AI-based diagnosis and management of GID.
Tobacco and Alcohol I. It Does Pay to Smoke. II. The Coming Man Will Drink Wine.
Tobacco and Alcohol I. It Does Pay to Smoke. II. The Coming Man Will Drink Wine., a classical book, has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
Smoking and Drinking
Smoking and Drinking, a classical book, has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
The Handbook for BICOM(R) Bioresonance Therapy
This practical manual for BICOM(R) bioresonance therapy is intended to be an aid for everyday practice and is not based on generally accepted scientific findings, but on our many years of experience. We use bioresonance therapy as a complement and support in addition to conventional medicine. The book is not intended for laymen or beginners who have not worked with BICOM(R) before, nor is it intended to replace the important basic seminars and basic training courses in energetic testing, therapy with the patient's own information and the therapy of allergies and intolerances. We assume that you have already received this knowledge in the relevant seminars. The manual can be used in both the human and veterinary fields. In addition to the basics of energy medicine, you will find tips on working with CTT and with the patient's own information, 10 standardised basic classifications to make your everyday practice easier and also tips and tricks from practice from A-Z. At the end of the book, a new concept for prevention and the training to become a Life Cooperation Coach(R) is briefly introduced. This is an education that deals comprehensively with energy medicine at all levels of human existence.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for the Orthopaedic Surgeon OR, ER and Clinic, Volume 2
IT IS IMPORTANT TO BUY BOTH VOLUMES OF THE EBOOKS AND PAPERBACKSThe authors have found MSK Ultrasound to be a tremendous or even more, an essential tool in their practices. With the same ease that fluoroscopy affords the visualization of bone ultrasound allows the visualization of soft tissue as well as the accuracy of biplanar control of instrument placement and use. This book was written with the hope of sharing these advantages with our colleagues.
A Sketch of the Life of Elizabeth T. Stone and of Her Persecutions; With an Appendix of Her Treatment and Sufferings While in the Charlestown McLean Assylum, Where She Was Confined Under the Pretence
A Sketch of the Life of Elizabeth T. Stone and of Her Persecutions; With an Appendix of Her Treatment and Sufferings While in the Charlestown McLean Assylum, Where She Was Confined Under the Pretence of Insanity, a classical book, has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
Management of Type 2 Diabetes
The world is grappling with increasing rates of obesity (an increase from 650 million people to 2 billion people by 2035) and type 2 diabetes-T2D (an increase from 500 million people to 1.3 billion people by 2050); therefore, they are among the highest public health and scientific priorities and demand a prompt and thorough multidisciplinary approach. Thus, as the field of diabetology is one that is full of novelties and includes numerous innovations in management and therapy, we deliberately chose to discuss those that are currently improving or will improve how management is conducted, which was carried out in our reprint, titled "Management of type 2 diabetes-Current insights and future directions". An overview of the current evidence and insights into novelties in the field of diabetology (co)management are presented, such as models for predicting/detecting dysglycemia, digital solutions to improve medication adherence, aspects relating to psychology and quality of life, predictors of therapeutic success, the principles of therapy individualization, pharmacoeconomic and reimbursement obstacles and solutions, as well as teachings on the pharmacological management of T2D and the principles of evidence-based medicine. We hope that our publication will draw the attention of readers, patients, students, scientists, clinicians, and policymakers, and that it will result in an overall improvement in the quality of the multidisciplinary care and management of diabetes.
Novel Aspects of COVID-19 after a Two-Year Pandemic
The reprint describes all aspects of the fight against SARS-CoV-2- infection (COVID-19). RNA viruses are claimed to be the most common cause of infectious diseases in disasters. Distinguished medical teams in five different countries described their responses to COVID-19 for medically vulnerable people such as HIV-infected persons, the elderly, and cancer-bearing patients. The reprint also encompasses studies of serological, molecular, and image diagnosis of COVID-19. The pathogenic roles of GABA were also proposed.It was also proposed that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates GABA, protecting not only the central nervous system, but also the endothelia, pancreas, and gut microbiota. Very rare cases with spontaneous pneumothorax and acute exacerbation after tocilizumab treatment were reported. This reprint teaches effective measures against the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is currently a prominent threat to human health and despite recent advances, much remains to be done. Through this Special Issue, we aimed to shed a light on significant developments in both clinical and basic research within this field. This collection of articles explores topics such as novel predictors of cardiovascular disease, molecular intricacies of atherosclerosis, innovative prevention strategies and cutting-edge treatment modalities. Each article serves as a stepping stone toward an improved quality and longevity of life for individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease.We cordially invite you to read this reprint of our Special Issue. While these articles cover only a fraction of the vast field of cardiovascular research, they offer a glimpse into the current state of the art and the promising future that lies ahead.
Dental Materials
Almost all fields of dentistry are closely related to newly developed materials, and all clinical improvements often follow or go hand in hand with the creation and development of innovative and higher-performing materials, instruments, and equipment. Thanks to the application of contemporary dental materials, the effectiveness of clinical dentistry has witnessed remarkable advances. In recent years, thanks to digital technology and the frenetic development of the dental industry, new materials have been developed and proposed in each field of dentistry: prosthesis, restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. Unfortunately, as often occurs, this productive challenge is not always accompanied by valid scientific research; consequently, the clinician finds at their disposal materials that are not necessarily better than the previous ones. Further studies are needed to gain relevant evidence for all recently introduced dental materials. This Special Issue contains high-quality research articles, clinical studies, review articles, and case reports focused on the latest advances and prospects of dental materials concerning all fields of dentistry.
New Perspectives on Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women, despite the overall reduction in age-adjusted CVD mortality within recent years. Aside from the traditional risk factors and predictors of increased CVD risks in both sexes, there are also RFs specific to women. These relate to their reproductive and gynecological history. Moreover, among women, there is a lack of knowledge and perception regarding CVD. When compared to men, women with CVD are typically underdiagnosed and undertreated. The problem is more significant among women due to the incorrect and ingrained belief that CVD is primarily, if not exclusively, a male disease. This misunderstanding originates from the perceived differences in the clinical presentation of CVD across the two sexes, as well as from the increased prevalence of advanced postmenopausal symptoms in women. The aim of this Special Issue was to gather new data concerning the peculiar features of CVD and risk factors in women, with the aim of reducing the underestimation of CVD risk. There is also great focus on strategies for prevention, management, and therapy, specifically pertaining to women's needs.
Endovascular Aortic Interventions and Aneurysm Repair
The treatment of aortic pathologies has changed significantly over the past few decades. These developments are the basis of this Special Issue, entitled "Endovascular Aortic Interventions and Aneurysm Repair: Recent Advances and Future Prospects". Gradually, endovascular interventions to treat aortic pathologies have become the first line of treatment in most centers and have been shown to be both safe and effective. Over the years, image guidance, endovascular materials and techniques, and endografts have evolved, enabling us to treat a wider range of aneurysms and other aortic diseases. On the one hand, endovascular aortic repair opens doors for innovations related to interventional planning, imaging, stent graft development, the application of artificial intelligence (AI), and patient selection. On the other hand, there are also drawbacks, such as the negative effects of radiation, endoleaks (relevance, detection, and treatment), and cost-effectiveness issues, which evoke new research questions. Endovascular aortic repair has seen and continues to see significant progress, a development which cannot be stopped. This Special Issue will address topics that can keep us in the loop and help us achieve even faster, more effective, cheaper, and safer repairs.
Clinical and Post-Mortem Toxicology
Clinical toxicology and post-mortem toxicology cover a broad scientific field with many opportunities and challenges. This Special Issue addresses the opportunities and challenges of detecting the exposure and intoxications of various (recreative) drugs and novel active psychoactive drugs. Currently, an increasing number of drugs have become widely available on the internet, posing questions surrounding how and where can we detect these agents and their metabolites in body fluids, as well as what the potentials and limitations of comprehensive and targeted toxicology screenings are in clinical and forensic toxicology cases. Also Special Issue addresses novel options for the clinical management of intoxicated patients, including the prevention of (re)absorption, the enhanced extracorporal elimination of drugs, and specific antidotes. In cases of post-mortem toxicology, how do we interpret drug levels in blood and tissues, as well as address challenges related to post-mortem redistribution and degradation?
Botanicals and Natural Bioactives
Bentham Briefs in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy showcases the latest developments and techniques in the fields of pharmacology and healthcare, presenting them in distinctive volumes. Each volume offers a concise, focused overview of subjects, authored by experts in the field. The book series serves as an anthology for graduate students and researchers in pharmacology and life sciences, as well as medical professionals seeking specialization for research-related projects. The second volume, Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases, discusses the medicinal applications of natural bioactives in the treatment of a variety of physiological disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological dysfunctions, infectious diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. The volume has eight chapters on disease treatment and preventative measures, with contributions from more than twenty experts. Readers will comprehend the niche utilization of botanicals and natural bioactives as medicinal agents for a variety of ailments. Overall, the chapters dwell on the chemosensory features of nutritious foods to avoid non-communicable diseases and the role of immunomodulating natural products and botanicals in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, aging, inflammation, cancer, parasitic infections in the bloodstream, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. The variety of topics covered in this book makes it an excellent resource for a wide audience interested in phytomedicine.
Translational Medicine
Translational Medicine: Optimizing Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biopharmaceuticals provides scientists responsible for the translation of novel biopharmaceuticals into clinical trials with a better understanding of how to navigate the obstacles that keep innovative medical research discoveries from becoming new therapies or even making it to clinical trials. The book includes sections on protein-based therapeutics, modified proteins, oligonucleotide-based therapies, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, gene and cell-based therapies, gene-modified cell-based therapies, combination products, and therapeutic vaccines. Best practices are defined for efficient discovery research to facilitate a science-based, efficient, and predictive preclinical development program to ensure clinical efficacy and safety.Key Features: Defines best practices for leveraging of discovery research to facilitate a development program Includes general principles, animal models, biomarkers, preclinical toxicology testing paradigms, and practical applications Discusses rare diseases Discusses "What-Why-When-How" highlighting different considerations based upon product attributes. Includes special considerations for rare diseases About the EditorsJoy A. Cavagnaro is an internationally recognized expert in preclinical development and regulatory strategy with an emphasis on genetic medicines.. Her 40-year career spans academia, government (FDA), and the CRO and biotech industries. She was awarded the 2019 Arnold J Lehman Award from the Society of Toxicology for introducing the concept of science-based, case-by-case approach to preclinical safety evaluation, which became the foundation of ICH S6. She currently serves on scientific advisory boards for advocacy groups and companies and consults and lectures in the area of preclinical development of novel therapies.Mary Ellen Cosenza is a regulatory toxicology consultant with over 30 years of senior leadership experience in the biopharmaceutical industry in the U.S., Europe, and emerging markets. She has held leadership position in both the American College of Toxicology (ACT) and the International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX) and is also an adjunct assistant professor at the University of Southern California where she teaches graduate-level courses in toxicology and regulation of biologics.
Syncope
Syncope is a common condition related to transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion and caused by a variety of aetiologies. Although it is self-limited, and usually benign, syncope can be the harbinger of life-threatening heart rhythm problems due to cardiac conditions. A multidisciplinary approach is practical for its evaluation and treatment, requiring the expertise of cardiologists, neurologists, emergency medicine specialists, and other clinicians. This book provides a detailed review of etiopathogenesis and a state-of-the-art update on therapeutic options offering recommendations based on the guidelines and experience of experts while discussing procedures and tests with their indications, methodology, interpretation, and limitations.Key Features: Discusses new diagnostic tools, and therapeutic modalities including video monitoring. Provides up-to-date recommendations regarding the indications for and appropriate interpretation of non-invasive and invasive cardiac testing, for cardiologists and internists. Places particular emphasis on diagnosing and treating reflex and arrhythmic syncope.
Magnetic Nanomaterials for Hyperthermia-Based Therapy, Imaging, and Drug Delivery
In the rapidly advancing field of nanomedicine, this Special Issue delves into the cutting-edge developments of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that have revolutionized medical applications. Over the years, the remarkable progress in nanomaterials has especially paved the way for magnetic nanoparticles to emerge as key players in biomedical advancements.Magnetic nanoparticles have demonstrated exceptional properties, notably their responsiveness to external magnetic fields, enabling remote control and manipulation. This characteristic has led to their widespread adoption in biomedical applications, with a particular focus on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), and magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for cancer treatment.This Special Issue explores the multifaceted capabilities of MNPs, showcasing their potential in hyperthermia-based therapy, medical imaging, and drug delivery. Authors contribute their latest findings on the development and application of magnetic nanomaterials, covering various aspects of medical applications, from theoretical insights to experimental breakthroughs.Researchers highlight the critical role of MNPs in cancer therapy, especially in hyperthermia-based treatments. When combined with chemotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia presents a promising strategy for cancer therapy by synergizing high temperatures with chemotherapeutic effects. The potential for MNPs to induce an immune response against tumors adds a new dimension to their therapeutic efficacy.
Live Longer Eat Better
"One of the Key Teachings About Food Selection in Taoism is Dependent on Nature, the Individual's Constitution and Harmonization. Dr. Perry's Book is a Perfect Embodiment of this Teaching!" - Ning Zhou Former Visiting Scholar and Director of MIT Greater China Development Center Live Longer - Eat Better provides insightful knowledge about Food and its Value to the Human Body, ranging from Ancient Wisdom to Modern Tradition. Dr. Perry provides you with a list of 36 foods that the Ancients consumed to elongate their life. Did you know that a Shitake mushroom is Sweet in nature, Neutral in temperature and goes to the Liver, Spleen and Stomach? This is a sample of miraculous Ancient Wisdom. In this book you will learn how to: - Eat to treat Specific Health Issues - Identify, Strengthen and Harmonize Your Own Constitution - Intentionally Prevent illness using Food Therapy by combining knowledge from Ancient Wisdom to Modern Tradition. DR. E.A. PERRY BIO Elizabeth grew up in Needham, Massachusetts, where she spent much time with her family and the great outdoors. Today she is a known healer, Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, Healthcare Journalist, World Traveler and a Mom. For over three decades, Elizabeth has worked in global healthcare. She has a deep understanding of holistic medicine, biomedicine, herbology and the importance of food therapy. It matters. Dr. Perry runs her own clinic in Stuart, Florida, where she helps people with difficult to treat diseases. Her uncanny success is due to acurate diagnosis, effective treatment plans and incorporating best practices from around the world. Elizabeth has earned degrees from Harvard University, Northeastern University and Atlantic Institute of Traditional Medicine. She resides with her little papillon, Rockie. Her lovely daughter, Jaclyn, resides in Egypt. You can contact Dr. Perry at drlizperry@gmail.com and visit her website at www.perryfamilyhealth.com
Diabetic cardiomyopathy
Diabetic cardiomyopathy was initially described as a human pathophysiological condition in which heart failure occurred in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. Recent studies in diabetic animal models identify decreased cardiomyocyte function as an important mediating mechanism for heart failure. Decreased cardiomyocyte function is in part mediated by abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling and a decreased level of free matrix calcium levels which could be a good target for new therapeutic interventions.Diabetes is the single most risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. More than 30% diabetics in USA are diagnosed with heart disease (McCarron and Davey, 2005). Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in diabetes accounting in most populations for 50% or more of all diabetes fatalities and much disability. The kinds of CVD that accompany diabetes include angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, peripheral artery disease and congestive heart failure (CHF).
Intelligent Medicine and Health Care
Intelligent medicine and health care are flourishing due to the integration of interdisciplinary factors, including artificial intelligence, electrophysiology, signal processing, medical imaging, complex theory, electronics, and clinics. We are entering an era in which multidimensional and big data play important roles in developing applications for medicine and health care. There are many state-of-the-art technologies and applications that address advanced data analysis and learning, embedded artificial intelligence, clinical decision support, ubiquitous patient monitoring, and rehabilitation. This Special Issue collected 10 recent studies on emerging interdisciplinary methods, techniques, and systems for intelligent medicine and health care.
Quality Control and Regulatory Aspects for Biologicals
This book serves as a comprehensive guide on quality control and regulatory aspects for biological products. It covers a wide range of topics, including regulatory requirements, quality control strategies, analytical methods, and risk management. It delves into the advantages and limitations of in vivo tests and discusses alternative methods that can be employed. The book explores the use of animal-based testing methods in quality control and examines viable alternatives.Key Features: Reviews various scientific and regulatory aspects involved in the quality control of biologicals Provides an overview of the roles of various national and international regulatory bodies and accreditation agencies Presents advanced analytical methods, innovative technologies, and the integration of molecular diagnostics in quality control processes Explores the use of animal-based testing methods in quality control, as well as their alternatives Discusses guidelines and methodologies involved in the development of biological products Overall, this book is an important reference source for various professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, including researchers, scientists, quality control personnel, and regulatory affairs professionals.
Molecular Biology of Colorectal Cancers
Colorectal cancer (CRC) was one of the first tumors in which the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis were investigated and confirmed. We now recognize that tumors appearing identical under microscopic examination exhibit molecular differences, and this explains the diverse patient outcomes commonly encountered in clinical practice. Despite their similar appearance, cancers are inherently distinct. However, even in the era of molecular medicine and targeted therapies, the majority of patients with metastatic CRC ultimately succumb to the disease, experiencing a diminished quality of life and a significant number of years of potential life lost. This is especially true as younger individuals increasingly fall victim to this illness. Much remains to be understood regarding the mechanisms contributing to the carcinogenesis and temporal evolution of CRC. This Special Issue is dedicated to recent research exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC, encompassing multi-omics analyses and environmental interactions with diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive value. A fascinating world is open to research, and we hope to shed further light on the biology of this common yet still lethal tumor. We are delighted to embark on this journey with our colleagues, as today's scientific progress relies on collaboration between clinicians and basic scientists. We hope you enjoy this Special Issue.
Clinical Outcomes Improvement and Perioperative Management of Surgical Patients
The art and science of clinical outcome analysis, quality improvement, the perioperative management of surgical patients, and patient safety continue to evolve at an increasingly rapid pace. In fact, over the years, novel concepts have arisen (risk stratification, shared decision-making, interdisciplinary meetings, prehabilitation, etc.), new initiatives have taken shape (e.g., state/nation-wide or international clinical databases), and new technologies and methods have been adopted across all surgical specialties (e.g., minimally invasive or robotic approaches). In order to care for our patients, raise the standards of healthcare services, and be successful in today's and tomorrow's rapidly changing healthcare environment, understanding and developing these topics represents an essential duty of all surgeons, physicians, and professionals in relation to the care of surgical patients. In the present Special Issue, we provide the best currently available evidence on several aspects of this important topic, thus providing all of the necessary information to clinicians on core concepts in the perioperative management of surgical patients.
Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
Despite the development of strong antibiotics, deaths from pneumonia are rapidly increasing due to population ageing. Since pneumonia deaths mainly affect older people, to overcome them, we should focus not only on pathogens, but also on host defense. Pathogens range from bacteria to viruses and unknown, emerging infectious diseases. Host defense includes not only immune function, but also physical function and other physiological functions. Geriatric functional declines, such as sarcopenia, dysphagia, dystussia, and frailty, play pivotal roles in the development of pneumonia in older people. Therefore, in addition to pathogen-oriented therapy, function-oriented therapy emerges as the remedy for pneumonia in older people. Comprehensive approaches with a multidisciplinary team are also important. This Special Issue reveals the importance of skeletal muscle and interdisciplinary approaches in pneumonia in older people. Impaired pharyngeal sensitivity results in delays in triggering the swallowing reflex, which is the most serious problem caused by dysphagia. Ageing weakens pharyngeal sensitivity by affecting sensory receptors, the peripheral nervous system and microcirculation, resulting in altered detection, reduced sensory conduction and an abnormal efferent response. We believe that other ageing-related deteriorations in sensation are also involved in pneumonia in older people. The relationships between sensation impairment and pneumonia in older people thus become crucial topics for future research.
Pharmacy Research and Innovation
Pharmacy research and innovation are dynamic fields at the intersection of science, technology, and healthcare. Advances in drug discovery, formulation, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies are shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, offering the potential for more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes. Addressing challenges and fostering collaboration are critical for sustaining progress in this rapidly evolving landscape.
Current Challenges in the Management of Vitreoretinal Conditions
The field of medical and surgical retina has grown exponentially over the recent few decades. Several novel and promising treatments, technological developments, and advanced surgical techniques have become available for eye conditions, including age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema, retinal detachment, macular holes and membranes, genetic disorders, uveitis, and inflammations.This Special Issue summarizes modern therapeutic and surgical approaches to retinal and vitreoretinal diseases, making a valuable contribution to our existing knowledge, describing the current state of the art, and providing directions for future research.
Clinical Imaging Applications in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The significance of non-invasive imaging techniques, particularly ultrasound, cannot be overstated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. These methods are not only essential but also revolutionize the way in which diagnoses are made. In recent times, modern imaging tools have taken on a more prominent role in everyday diagnostic processes. The advent of new handheld imaging devices has been a game changer in the realms of gynecology and obstetrics. This technological evolution brings with it the need for specialized training and continuing education for medical professionals to stay abreast of these advancements. While these innovative methods show promise, there is a necessity for ongoing research and evidence to firmly establish their efficacy and value in daily clinical practice. Additionally, the integration of technology in healthcare extends beyond imaging tools. The use of applications (apps) is on the rise among both patients and physicians. These apps serve as valuable tools for medical care, enhancing patient-doctor interactions and enabling a better management of healthcare. They represent a significant stride towards more interactive patient-centered care, leveraging technology to streamline processes and improve patient outcomes.
Opportunities for Discovery
A word from the author: Many readers probably think that books about science, especially medicine, are complicated and difficult to understand. In deciding to write about my experience in research, I realized that my choice of topics had involved answers to practical questions which would be of interest to most people. You don't have to be a graduate in medicine, biology or chemistry to understand what I saw as being important in our daily lives. I begin my story with a brief introduction about why I chose a career in medical research. Being a child of immigrants, my early years were somewhat more complicated than those of my classmates, which made me question some widely held beliefs. I have no doubt that these experiences had an impact on my future career in medicine. This path led to a variety of experiences, including: Research that helped show that Aspirin prevents heart attacks;Facing off in court with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and its newsmagazine program the fifth estate; Investigating whether drinking coffee is bad for heart health;Studying whether patients report accurate home blood pressure readings to their doctors;Finding out whether people with high blood pressure should use nasal decongestants; and Learning what to expect from our hearts and brains as we get olderAs you can see, most of these topics should be of general interest. And if you wonder about aspects of ordinary living that might affect your health, you should enjoy reading this book! At the very least, the different chapters should help you to evaluate what you see or read when it comes to the various treatments promoted in the media. By the last page, you will be more likely to wonder which claims you hear about in the news are actually supported by high quality research studies.
Versatility of Glutathione Transferase Proteins
Glutathione transferases are abundant enzymes in various aerobic organisms in which they provide cellular protection against reactive compounds that cause mutations and cancer. Their evolution may have been a response to oxidative stress caused by oxygen in the atmosphere. These enzymes also participate in steroid hormone synthesis in both mammals and insects and play important roles in the biotransformation of signaling substances. Their multiple roles also include the binding and transportation of molecules in cells.
Advances in the Treatment of Kidney and Upper Urinary Tract Cancers
Kidney and Upper Tract Urinary Cancers (UTUCs) are diseases of increasing population coverage, the treatment of which is undergoing a continuous process of evolution. A characteristic feature of renal cell cancer (RCC) treatment is the significant heterogeneity of patients (including different stages of local advancement and different locations of metastases). Importantly, it is estimated that up to 30% of newly diagnosed RCC cases are patients with disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, predicting the response to modern treatment remains the unmet need of modern urologic oncology. Recent advancements in systematic treatment, i.e., immunotherapy, shed additional light on adjuvant treatment to be implemented in new clinical scenarios, including localized disease.
Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology-Ongoing Challenges and Developments in the Future
Adolescent and young adult oncology is an emerging topic. This population has specific needs that differ from cancer in children and older adults. This Special Issue provides an overview of the challenges incurred in the oncological treatment of this population.
CT3M Handbook
The CT3M Handbook describes how the author recovered from severe adrenal hormone issues by developing an innovative and simple approach called the Circadian T3 Method (CT3M), which helps to produce cortisol as nature intended.Thyroid patients often have symptoms associated with low cortisol (hypocortisolism). These can include: severe fatigue; low blood sugar; aches/pains; dizziness; poor response to thyroid hormones; anxiety; fluctuating body temperature; digestive upsets; allergies; nausea; low blood pressure - to name but a few. Thyroid hormones will not work correctly if the adrenal glands do not produce an adequate level of cortisol. Consequently, patients with hypocortisolism often continue to have symptoms, even if thyroid hormone levels have been corrected. Symptoms of low cortisol appear to be at epidemic levels among thyroid patients.The author explains why hypocortisolism can often be present when a thyroid patient is taking thyroid medication. The Circadian T3 Method (CT3M) is an approach to using T3 or natural desiccated thyroid medications that mimics the natural rhythm of our thyroid hormones, and helps to improve adrenal hormone levels.CT3M has been used by thousands of thyroid patients since the author first introduced it in his first book 'Recovering with T3'. CT3M is providing thyroid patients, and their doctors, with a simple, natural way to correct hypocortisolism.The book explains CT3M in depth. It provides thyroid patients, and their doctors, with the wealth of information that is needed when using CT3M in order to get truly well.The book has a foreword by Dr. Sarah Myhill, who says this about it: "It gives every thyroid patient the clues, the rules and most importantly the confidence to identify underlying impediments to recovering their health, and adjust their dosage of thyroid hormones to an individually tailored regime. I would recommend this book to any patient who has failed to respond to standard mono-therapy with thyroxine." The CT3M Handbook is a must-read for all thyroid patients struggling with hypocortisolism. It is also essential reading for doctors who have patients like these in their care.The book was updated in 2018 to incorporate recent thyroid research study findings. This book along with the author's other books about hypothyroidism, now form the Recovering from Hypothyroidism series.
Key Advances in the Treatment of the Critically Ill
This reprint of a Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine includes a submission-motivating editorial, eleven clinical research papers (including a meta-analysis), six narrative reviews and a survey-based study, focusing on a wide variety of aspects of intensive care. Five studies pertain to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) assess intermittent vs. prolonged prone ventilation and the interaction between early pressure-supported ventilation and kidney injury, as well as the clinical significance of biomarkers (pro-adrenomedullin and heparinase) and of an impaired antibody response. The COVID-19 narrative reviews analyze published evidence on therapeutic interventions in COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and invasive fungal infections. The remaining six studies assess the Norwegian version of the Chelsea physical assessment tool, the interaction of base excess and lactate in outcome prediction, left ventricular dysfunction in ARDS, respiratory drive after isoflurane sedation, renal preplacement therapy as a prognostic factor and diaphragmatic dysfunction in severe trauma patients. The remaining four narrative reviews analyze published evidence on immunoglobulins in sepsis, treatments for post-cardiac arrest syndrome, blood purification in sepsis and the management of traumatic brain injury. Lastly, the survey-based study explores the temporal evolution of European resuscitation and end-of-life practices. The Special Issue primarily aims to publish both innovative research findings and comprehensive reviews of existing scientific knowledge on acute and life-threatening disease.
New Insights on Acne, Rosacea, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
This Special Issue focuses on the coping strategies of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, which is of paramount importance but at the same time often overlooked. Biologics have been introduced for the disease and may be a viable option in those with severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Skin care is extremely important in managing patients with acne and rosacea who often have sensitive skin due to skin inflammation and vigorous treatment. Optimal cosmetic products for acne and rosacea and novel treatment options such as oxybrasion and cryotherapy in managing acne are presented. Truncal acne is common, but less interest has been taken in this subtype as it is not openly seen. Unlike facial acne, truncal acne can develop into hypertrophic scars and needs early intervention. In addition to C. acnes, fungi such as Malassezia are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of truncal acne. An overview of truncal acne and new methods of improvement for acne scars are also discussed in this reprint. Last but not least, the immunologic background in acne pathogenesis is reviewed which will help readers better understand the complex mechanism of acne development.
