Economic Growth and Development
This book analyses the important role of agribusiness and rural enterprises in economic growth and development. China's inclusive development of agribusiness and rural enterprises has played a pivotal role in economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction. This book analyses how market, price and institution are important factors for China's inclusive development of agribusiness and rural enterprises. Incentive property rights of farming lands have impacted the allocation efficiency of resources in markets, which contributed to the growth of its agro-industrial development and the families-agribusiness. The technological changes contributed to the agricultural growth in China pre and post economic reform phases. The book introduces the combination development approach (CDA) of agribusiness and rural enterprises. The combination development approach of agribusiness and rural enterprises facilitates developing countries to upgrade into emerging economies and industrial economies. The book presents theoretical perspectives of development economics, and it introduces cutting-edge international development issues, and China's international economic cooperation on international trade and enterprises development. New technology and information technology bring new business opportunities to smallholder farmers in transitional economies and developing countries to access global value chain in the future.
The Servile State
Hilaire Belloc lived a remarkably accomplished life, serving as President of the Oxford Union and as a Member of the British Parliament. The author of over 150 works, Belloc wrote numerous essays, travelogues, and volumes on history, politics, and economics. Among the best-known of his non-fiction works is "The Servile State". First published in 1912, this work is an economic history of Europe, starting in ancient times, through the middle ages, to the industrial revolution, and finally culminating in an assessment of the state of the European economy in the first part of the 20th century. Belloc begins his thesis with an examination of the impact of slavery in ancient times, serfdom in the Middle Ages, and posits his theories on how European society transitioned to its current state of capitalism. Largely a polemic against the social reforms of the early 20th century, Belloc argues that state regulation will ultimately give rise to a new type of slavery by an authoritarian state. While his predictions regarding the results of state regulation over the excesses of capitalism have proved to be radically hyperbolic, "The Servile State" remains an insightful discussion of the state of political economics in the early part of the 20th century. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper.
Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor 2021
The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor provides data and analysis as a resource for evidence-based policy design. This year's edition focuses on South Asia. This first volume reviews micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) at the country and regional levels. It covers Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and examines MSME development, access to finance, and policies and regulations. It notes that revitalizing MSMEs by channeling more growth capital to them will be key to a resilient economic recovery from the pandemic. It highlights opportunities in formalizing MSMEs and connecting them to international markets, expanding digital skills, fostering technology-based start-ups, and supporting youth and women entrepreneurs.
Self-Governance and Sami Communities
This open access book uses an interdisciplinary approach that not only focuses on social organization but also analyzes how societies and ecological settings were interwoven. How did early modern indigenous Sami inhabitants in interior northwest Fennoscandia build institutions for governance of natural resources? The book answers this question by exploring how they made decisions regarding natural resource management, mainly with regard to wild game, fish, and grazing land and illuminate how Sami users, in a changing economy, altered the long-term rules for use of land and water in a self-governance context. The early modern period was a transforming phase of property rights due to fundamental changes in Sami economy: from an economy based on fishing and hunting to an economy where reindeer pastoralism became the main occupation for many Sami. The book gives a new portrayal of how proficiently and systematically indigenous inhabitants organized and governed natural assets and how capable they were in building highly functioning institutions for governance.
On Development
The book first looks at the history of the economy of Trinidad and Tobago since the second World War and catalogues the country's cycles of boom and bust since then. The country is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas for its economic fortunes and the economic cycles over the years have generally been as a result of the fluctuations of the international price levels of oil and gas. The book puts forward a specific prescription (the economic value added concept) that had been espoused by the great economic philosophers of the past (Adam Smith, Henry George, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill and Leon MacLaren), of which modern day economic thought and policy have largely ignored or forgotten. Specifically it will deal with: - - The Unequal Values of the Factors of Production in the twin island state - Land, Labour and Capital. It explores this inequality and seeks to determine the true cause(s) for the pervasive poverty in the country despite the windfalls received? Find out more about this here! - How Taxation is applied in the country. Is this the reason for declining employment opportunities, low business start-ups, business failure, and business recession? Find out about this and why! - Why most income earners are never be satisfied with the purchasing power of their wages or salaries? - What has hampered trade with other countries and the one reason that has caused this! A lesson for other countries. - Why the country's banking policies have only served the privileged and what can be easily done about this so that ALL can be served! - What is missing in the climate change and environmental conservation discussions, and it's right in front of the citizens! Another leason for other countries - Why Public Health and Public Education Systems and Institutions in the country are failing and what can and must be done about them! - The Breakdown of law and order and the criminal gang problem (economic analysis of social issues and public policy). What are the true causes and what can be done about these?! - Balancing the Private and Public Sectors, Natural Resources and Enlightened Public Ownership Policies so that All may citizens may reasonably participate instead of a select few! - How can an enlightened paradigm shift be successfully implemented so that All of its citizens be given a chance (economic justice for all)! This book facilitates the growth of economic thought and is ideal for beginners on the subject as well as those more seasoned! It's a Must-Read so get your copy Today!
Advanced Development and Sustainability of a Company in the Conditions of Crises and Transformation of Global Economies
The monograph presents theoretical and methodological developments allowing to form the theoretical basis for the development of a unified methodology for ensuring the company's advanced development, which contains a practice-oriented methodological tools for the assessment and management of this process.The scientific and practical significance of this monograph is that it contains: - practical recommendations for organizing the transition to advanced development and sustainability of the company, which are of interest to industrial enterprises, especially high-tech companies, and individual entrepreneurs;- the basics of managing the processes of creating radically new products with high techno-economic characteristics, which will increase the economic stability and positioning of the company in the world market;- modern models and methods of company management, taking into account the advantages of digital technologies, which act as a tool for achieving accelerated economic development;- a mechanism for the transition of high-tech enterprises to a trajectory of advanced development, which can be used in practice in order to achieve global competitive leadership.The formulated decision-making rules contain the main methods, tools and mechanisms and allow to ensure technological leadership in the real economy in the face of the challenges of the XXI century. The monograph will be of interest to scientists, theoretical economists dealing with the problems of microeconomics, industrial technologists, heads of industrial organizations, as well as researchers interested in the described issues.
The Rise of Neo-liberalism and the Decline of Freedom
This book examines the relationship that prevails between the state and freedom in the works of Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, as well as those of some of their peers, including Gary Becker, James Buchanan, and George Stigler. The author explains that their concept of freedom was largely derived from the principles and values of neo-liberalism. However, she maintains that neo-liberals never cared about providing the masses with genuine freedom; rather, they value freedom for its instrumental value in terms of facilitating the global spread of free-market capitalism. The author explains that the neo-liberal concept of freedom has been a very useful tool in promoting the superiority of free-market capitalism over centrally planned economies aimed at achieving the common good. She argues that even though neo-liberals are strongly opposed to central planning, they are tolerant of state planning intended to help establish and sustain the conditions of a free-market system. She also contends that the extensive implementation of neo-liberal reforms and policies has led to states losing their sovereignty and moving away from their traditional role of achieving the common good. The author claims that the world has essentially become the sum of many neo-liberal societies, particularly during the last four decades. She also maintains that, throughout human history, no other ideology, school of thought, political, religious or military institution, kingdom, or empire has been as successful as neo-liberalism, when it comes to shaping people's beliefs, ideals, goals, and lifestyle on a global scale. Unfortunately, neo-liberalism has proven to be very detrimental for civilization and the future of the planet. The author concludes that the widespread adoption of the neo-liberal concept of freedom, in combination with the pretense that economics is a natural, ahistorical and value-free science, has triggered the emergence of methodological monism, which has resulted in unfreedom and the poverty of economics, while also delaying the progress of the entire discipline.
Diagnosing Human Capital as a Binding Constraint to Growth
The empirical literature on the contributions of human capital investments to economic growth shows mixed results. While evidence from OECD countries demonstrates that human capital accumulation is associated with growth accelerations, the substantial efforts of developing countries to improve access to and quality of education, as a means for skill accumulation, did not translate into higher income per capita. In this Element, we propose a framework, building on the principles of 'growth diagnostics', to enable practitioners to determine whether human capital investments are a priority for a country's growth strategy. We then discuss and exemplify different tests to diagnose human capital in a place, drawing on the Harvard Growth Lab's experience in different development context, and discuss various policy options to address skill shortages.
Dancing With Giants
What do a U.S. lawyer and a Singaporean banker have in common? When it comes to infrastructure finance, Mitchell A. Silk and Seth Tan have just about seen it all. They have witnessed the inner workings of international development projects-ranging from bilateral economic agreements between countries to multibillion-dollar infrastructure financings-from both legal and financial angles. In alternating chapters, they share their experiences over the last several decades working on infrastructure projects on almost every continent and at the highest levels of government and corporate organizations. Infrastructure finance took off in the 1980s. Today, it is a major focus as the world grapples with the challenges of private capital mobilization to meet the giant global infrastructure funding gap. Mitchell A. Silk and Seth Tan were there for its growth into a giant industry.Praise for Dancing With Giants "An extraordinary collection of real world experiences from the front lines of global infrastructure finance. Mitch Silk and Seth Tan, two leading practitioners of infrastructure finance over the past 30 years, illuminate the essential role of private investment in meeting the world's energy needs." - Andr矇s Gluski, President and CEO, The AES Corporation"Infrastructure in the next 30 years may be very different from today or not yet exist as needs will change and technology advancement can offer new solutions. But the past can offer good principles to follow for future development. It is great to read about two practitioners, Mitch and Seth, who have lived and breathed infrastructure in the last 30 years." - Marie Lam-Frendo, CEO, Global Infrastructure Hub (a G20 initiative)About the AuthorsMitchell A. SilkMitchell is the immediate past Assistant Secretary for International Markets at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. In that position, Mitch designed and implemented an inter-agency growth initiative in international infrastructure finance, and the $94 billion CARES Act programs that benefitted over 700,000 American aviation industry workers. Prior to joining U.S. Treasury, Mitch was a senior partner in the global law practice of Allen & Overy in Hong Kong and New York, where he specialized in energy and infrastructure matters, asset management, and banking and finance. Mitch is fluent in Mandarin and Cantonese Chinese, and his favorite language of Yiddish. He lives in Brooklyn, New York. He and his wife, Yocheved Rivka, are the proud parents of eight children and four grandchildren.Seth TanSeth was most recently the head of Infrastructure Asia, a regional infrastructure facilitation office under the Singapore government. Initiatives he led include bringing top private sector companies to co-create bankable Asian infrastructure. Seth has worked in the infrastructure sector for 25 years, spanning a broad spectrum of infrastructure and a large geographical area (even economies further away from Asia like Zambia, Nigeria, and Ghana). Thanks to esteemed employers like BNP Paribas, Babcock and Brown, Standard Bank, and DBS Bank, Seth worked outside Singapore for 15 years and traveled to almost 80 cities across the globe. His favorite cities are Beijing (where he lived for nine years) and Singapore (home). He now lives in Singapore with his wife, Li Xiang, and their children, Zoey and Evan.
Privatization of Public City Gas Utilities
This book is a study on the Japanese city gas industry, which has been rapidly liberalized in recent years. Especially, it focuses on the background, reasons, methods, and effects of the privatization of publicly owned city gas utilities in Japan. In Japan, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the liberalization of the electric power and gas business has progressed rapidly. There are a number of studies on the reform of Japan's electricity market, but there are few studies on city gas business. This book describes the state of Japan's public city gas utilities and the necessity of their privatization. And it explains the role of concession as a method of privatization. Then it verifies that the effects of past privatization cases are insufficient. The book also covers deregulation of public utilities in Europe, which triggered Japan's liberalization of its energy and other public utility sectors, and privatization of electricity and gas businesses in India, a developing country in Asia. Finally, this book explores future regulation and business of city gas industry. Pipeline network should be regulated to comply with future unbundling starting from 2022, and gas business altogether with electricity and water businesses need more digitization.
The Urban Forest in the Age of Urbanization
The Urban Forest in the Age of Urbanization seeks to reflect on the connotation of urban forestry in line with related emergent holistic theories. Today, much of the planet is urbanised and planners debate "Planetary Urbanization", economists discuss "The Global City", ecologists describe the planet's biodiversity hotspots, and climate scientists warn of a "global" crisis. We might think therefore that focusing on forestation approaches at the Urban and peri-urban "edge", might be reductionist. However, if the city is everywhere, and everything is a city, if the urbanised world now is a chain of metropolitan areas connected by places and corridors of communication, then what is not urban? And above all, which forests are not urban forests?Starting from the dualism between city and forest and its evolution towards holism, the book seeks to create a framework of dialectical approaches. The case studies included analyse a wide range of urbanisation "processes" to review the practical approaches of urban forestry, in line with the global crisis of the era of globalisation, when climate change, population growth, implosions and explosions of urbanisation, lack of arable land and food are unavoidable.
Self-Governance and Sami Communities
This open access book uses an interdisciplinary approach that not only focuses on social organization but also analyzes how societies and ecological settings were interwoven. How did early modern indigenous Sami inhabitants in interior northwest Fennoscandia build institutions for governance of natural resources? The book answers this question by exploring how they made decisions regarding natural resource management, mainly with regard to wild game, fish, and grazing land and illuminate how Sami users, in a changing economy, altered the long-term rules for use of land and water in a self-governance context. The early modern period was a transforming phase of property rights due to fundamental changes in Sami economy: from an economy based on fishing and hunting to an economy where reindeer pastoralism became the main occupation for many Sami. The book gives a new portrayal of how proficiently and systematically indigenous inhabitants organized and governed natural assets and how capable they were in building highly functioning institutions for governance.
Comparonomics
You and most people around you are likely to be in the wealthiest 1% who have ever lived. Yet why, for so many people in rich countries, does progress not make us feel better?With the help of a new tool, Comparonomics delves into the factors that make us feel bad and reaches some surprising conclusions. Not only are we much better off than we - or the economists - think we are, but the things we aim for like economic growth, improved social mobility, and equality don't impact most of the feel-bad factors.In other words, we're feeling worse than we ought to, and we're doing too many of the wrong things to feel better.With its surprisingly simple tool, Comparonomics shows just how wrong conventional economics is about progress, what impact this has on our lives and offers readers some strategies for making sense of our modern world.What people are saying"It's a great idea, well-executed."- Dr Angus Harvey, FutureCrunch"Really important book...key concept is deceptively simple but powerful." - Ben Reid Memia.com"It is hugely original and thought-provoking." - Dr Garth Carnaby, former President, Royal Society NZ"Great writing. Clear, concise, thoughtful, humorous." - Clive Lind, author and editor"Grant Ryan is one of my favourite thinkers." Kaila Colbin - TEDx organiser, boma.global"Exceptionally enjoyable to read." - Stuart Foster
China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative, Africa, and the Middle East
This book analyzes the progress of the MSRI, highlights the political and economic factors affecting its realization, and offers insights into the political and economic implications of China's endeavor. It focuses specifically on countries within Africa and the Middle East to provide a basis for a substantive examination of these issues in a manner sensitive to the milieu in individual countries and relevant regions. It represents the final volume in a well-received series on China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI), which, so far, includes books covering China's MSRI and South Asia (Palgrave, 2018) and China's MSRI and Southeast Asia (Palgrave, 2019). This book will interest scholars of China, international relations, and the relevant regions, journalists, and policymakers.
Carbon Finance
Mastering climate change has been recognised as a major challenge for the current decade. Besides the physical risks of climate change, the accompanying economic risks are substantial. Carbon Finance: A Risk Management View provides an in-depth analysis of how climate change will affect all aspects of financial markets and how mathematical and statistical methods can be used to analyse, model and manage the ensuing financial risks. There is a focus on the transition risk (termed carbon risk), but also a discussion of the impact of physical risks (as these risks are closely entangled) on the way to low carbon economies. This is a valuable overview for readers seeking an analysis of carbon risks from the perspective of financial risk management, utilising quantitative risk management tools.
World Economic Meltdown 2.0
Want to understand what causes financial crises so you can protect your nest egg? Learn more about the global economy to prepare yourself for what's coming. Does the crash of 2008 still give you nightmares? Want to stay ahead of future collapses? Rogue economist Khafra K. Om-Ra-Seti can help you do just that. After studying global finance for decades, his revolutionary take on the economy may be just what you need to keep you ahead of future monetary danger. World Economic Meltdown is a revealing guide to what happened before, during, and after the 2008 crisis. Inside, you'll learn to unravel the lasting impact of the questionable actions central bankers and governmental bodies took following the collapse. While wealthy elites and institutions may have benefited most from the so-called bailouts, Om-Ra-Seti's understanding and strategy shares how when the next disaster rears its head, you can keep yourself safe.In World Economic Meltdown you'll discover: - How to get out of debt and guarantee your financial security- Why the government doesn't help average Americans and how to protect yourself- How to prepare for the next economic crisis, so you come out on top- A glossary of terms to help you get the most out of every page- How to make the global economy work for you, and much, much more! World Economic Meltdown is your personal guidebook for understanding and leveraging global finance. If you like hard-hitting analysis, easy-to-grasp examples, and a fresh take on dollars and cents, then you'll love Khafra K. Om-Ra-Seti's essential handbook
Gender, Poverty and Access to Justice
Access to justice is a fundamental right guaranteed under a wide body of international, regional and domestic laws. This book brings together contributors to explore and analyze the issue of gendered access to justice, poverty and disempowerment across Sub-Saharan Africa.
The New Dealers
This bold new analysis of the New Deal dramatically revises our vision of the Roosevelt legacy -- and of the new relation between government and business it made a central fact of American life. With impressive scholarship and narrative brio, Jordan A. Schwarz persuasively demonstrates that the New Deal's architects sought not merely to save an endangered American capitalism but to integrate economically underdeveloped regions of the nation within the scope of a dynamic state capitalism capable, after World War II, of dominating the global marketplace. As he assesses the contributions of such figures as Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, the legal and political "fixer" Thomas G. Corcoran, Texas legislators, Sam Rayburn and Lyndon Johnson, and the quintessential New Deal industrialist Henry Kaiser, Schwarz produces a volume that should be required reading for anyone concerned with current American industrial policy. And he does so with a liveliness and depth of insight that make The New Dealers comparable to the best work of Arthur Schlesinger or Robert Caro.
Political Economy of Europe
The development of European unification has reached a critical stage, and there is now a growing scepticism of the European agenda from various quarters. To fully understand the dynamics at work, this book presents an introduction to the development of the political economy of Europe from 1900 to 2020.
The Butterfly Effect in China's Economic Growth
This book examines the butterfly effect in China's modern economic development during the period of 1978-2018. In chaos theory, the butterfly effect refers to a phenomenon that a butterfly flaps its wings in Okinawa, and subsequently a storm may ravage New York. Deng applied a trivial idea, called the market mechanism, to China's countryside in 1978. The idea has subsequently caused economic structural changes and fast growth in the economy with the largest population in human history. China's per capita GDP jumped from $100 in 1978 to over US$8,000 in 2018. Eight hundred million people have made a great escape from poverty. By 2018, China was the world's second-largest economy from its 10th position in 1978 with its 9 per cent average annual growth rate of GDP in the previous four decades. This illuminating book will be of value to economists, scholars of China, and historians.
The Reign of Anti-logos
The concept of 'performativity' has risen to prominence throughout the humanities. The rise of financial derivatives reflects the power of the performative sign in the economic sphere. As recent debates about gender identity show, the concept of performativity is also profoundly influential on people's personal lives. Although the autonomous power of representation has been studied in disciplines ranging from economics to poetics, however, it has not yet been evaluated in ethical terms. This book supplies that deficiency, providing an ethical critique of performative representation as it is manifested in semiotics, linguistics, philosophy, poetics, theology and economics. It constructs a moral criticism of the performative sign in two ways: first, by identifying its rise to power as a single phenomenon manifested in various different areas; and second, by locating efficacious representation in its historical context, thus connecting it to idolatry, magic, usury and similar performative signs. The book concludes by suggesting that earlier ethical critiques of efficacious representation might be revived in our own postmodern era.
A Systemic Approach to Continuous Change in the Innovation Economy
Unpredictable and unforeseen, or black swan, events are occurring increasingly often, one such recent example is the coronavirus crisis of 2020. This book offers a multi-faceted presentation of the application of systemic thinking in non-standard situations, especially those created by the fourth industrial revolution.
ADB's Support for the Sustainable Development Goals
This report explains the approach of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to integrate the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their associated targets into its strategies, programs, and financing under Strategy 2030. The report draws on project examples to highlight how ADB operations contribute to clusters of interconnected SDGs related to people, planet, prosperity, and sustainable infrastructure. It also details ADB's efforts to help developing member countries mobilize the finance and knowledge necessary to achieve the SDGs.
Mercantile Bombay
This volume reclaims Mumbai's legacy as a global financial centre of the 19th to the first half of the 20th century. It shows how Mumbai, or erstwhile Bombay, once served as a central node in global networks of trade, finance, commercial institutions, and most importantly trading communities.
The Distribution of the Product
First published in 1979, the purpose of this book is to introduce a theory of the distribution of national income between wages, profits and other categories of income. The first 6 chapters introduce distribution theory to students of intermediate economic principles. The last 7 chapters discuss developments of the theory described.
Mathematical Models and Environmental Change
This book demonstrates how mathematical models constructed in system dynamics modelling platforms, such as Vensim, can be used for long term management of environmental change.
Humanitarian Ecological Economics and Accounting
Humanitarian Ecological Economics and Accounting: Capitalism, Ecology and Democracy argues for the adoption of a CARE model: comprehensive accounting in respect of ecology.
Monetary Policy and Food Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies
This book focuses on the impact of monetary policy and food price volatility and inflation in emerging and developing economies.
Japan's Lost Decade
This book discusses Japan's long-term economic recession and provides remedies for that recession that are useful for other Asian economies. The book addresses why Japan's economy has stagnated since the bursting of its economic bubble in the 1990s. Its empirical analysis challenges the beliefs of some economists, such as Paul Krugman, that the Japanese economy is caught in a liquidity trap. This book argues that Japan's economic stagnation stems from a vertical "investment-saving" (IS) curve rather than a liquidity trap. The impact of fiscal policy has declined drastically, and the Japanese economy faces structural problems rather than a temporary downturn. These structural problems have many causes: an aging demographic (a problem that is frequently overlooked), an over-reliance by local governments on transfers from the central government, and Basel capital requirements that have made Japanese banks reluctant to lend money to start-up businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises. This latter issue has discouraged Japanese innovation and technological progress. All these issues are addressed empirically and theoretically, and several remedies for Japan's long-lasting recession are provided. This volume will be of interest to researchers and policy makers not only in Japan but also the People's Republic of China, many countries in the eurozone, and the United States, which may face similar challenges in the future.
The Dynamics of the Innovation Divide Between China and Europe
This book examines the problem of the innovation divide in the world economy, and convergence in innovation performance between leaders and followers, analysed through the prism of Chinese experiences, and explored from an EU perspective.
Endogenous Growth in Historical Perspective
In recent decades, new endogenous growth theory has become popular but the ideas are not new. They go back at least as far as Adam Smith, and the subsequent contributions made notably by Alfred Marshall and Allyn Young. This book critically discusses and provides an historical perspective to the entire spectrum of endogenous growth theories starting with Adam Smith and ending with Paul Romer. It fills an important gap in the literature. While contributions of individual authors are readily available, there is no comprehensive study on the subject covering such a vast ground, critically discussing these authors in a comprehensive framework. It collates all the arguments and economic viewpoints in one collection, providing both the seasoned economist and a graduate economist with a critical comparison of origin, mechanisms, conclusions, and policy implications of these models.
Emerging-market Multinational Enterprises in East Central Europe
Part I. Introduction.- 1. Theories of Internationalization and Foreign Direct Investment: How to Explain FDI from Emerging MNEs?.- 2. Changing Trends of Foreign Direct Investments in East Central Europe.- Part II. Emerging Multinationals from Asia.- 3. Home and Host Country Determinants of Chinese Multinational Enterprises' Investments into East Central Europe.- 4. Indian Companies' Global Aspirations in East Central Europe.- 5. Outward Foreign Direct Investments from South Korea, Taiwan, and ASEAN in the V4 Countries.- Part III. Non-Asian Emerging Multinationals.- 6. Russian Multinational Direct Investment in East Central European countries.- 7. Turkish Investments in Central Eastern Europe: Motivations and Experiences.- 8. Motivations of Brazilian Firms to Invest in East Central Europe: Specific Home-Country Advantages and Some Host-Country Specificities Dominate.- 9. South Africa: A Re-emerging Player in Global Outward FDI and a New Investor in East Central Europe?.- 10. Final Reflections: Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises in East Central Europe.
Josiah Tucker: A Selection from His Economic and Political Writings
Josiah Tucker was one of the foremost thinkers of eighteenth-century England in the fields of economics, international relations, political theory, and imperialism. In his introduction, Robert Livingston Schuyler writes: Tucker was one of the first . . . to envisage the whole range of economic life as a proper and worthy subject of scientific inquiry . . ., [which] ought to be cultivated as such, especially by statesmen and legislators. This opinion he expressed as early as 1749, before anybody had produced a systematic treatise on economics. Tucker shared the opinion, prevalent in his day, that Great Britain was underpopulated and observed with regret the immigration to America, believing that the colonies brought Britain no benefits. He thought instead that colonies were too costly to be beneficial, and, as early as 1749, he asserted that American colonies would seek independence as soon as they no longer needed Great Britain's assistance. He is one of the few men in England who consistently wrote and preached that the separation of the colonies would spell the ruin of England. Born of Welsh peasant stock in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, in 1713, Tucker was educated at St. John's College, Oxford, and became successively a curate and rector at St. Stephen's Church in Bristol. This led him to take considerable interest in politics and trade, as Bristol was second only to London in commerce in Great Britain during Tucker's years of residence there. During the greater portion of a long life he poured out a succession of pamphlets on these matters. He was appointed dean of Gloucester in 1758. He died in 1799 and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral. This edition (originally published by Columbia University Press in 1931) contains seven of Tucker's writings, two of which are of special economic interest: "The Elements of Commerce and Theory of Taxes" and "Instructions for Travellers." In the former selection, Tucker denounces monopoly in all its forms, yet he occupies an intermediate position between the rigid exclusiveness of mercantilism and the freedom of trade of Adam Smith. While he ventures from Smith in some ways, it is often said that Tucker's work anticipates the classic doctrines of Wealth of Nations, which was written twenty years later. Other writings in the volume include a remarkable tract on war, which illustrates progressive, pacifistic thought; and a treatise on civil government, written to refute the contract theory of the state. Tucker disposed of the fallacy that one nation could thrive only at the expense of another and condemned going to war for the sake of trade advantages. An original introduction, by Columbia history professor Robert Livingston Schuyler, places Tucker's writings in their historical and biographical setting and emphasizes what seems most significant in his thought as an economist, a pacifist, an antiimperialist, and a political theorist. Throughout writings in this book, Tucker reveals with striking clearness the process of internal disintegration of the mercantilist doctrine that was going on during the eighteenth century, even before Hume and Smith had provided an acceptable substitute. Republication of this collection should garner a diverse, cross disciplinary readership, from students and scholars of eighteenth-century thought (especially with regard to economics), to those of political theory and Anglo-American relations.
Global Innovation Index 2021
The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.
The Economic Consequences of Iran Closing the Strait of Hormuz
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 4.5, University of Luzern, language: English, abstract: With my paper, I will illustrate the economic importance of the Strait of Hormuz for the world while giving a short update on the current political situation. Nevertheless, I will keep the focus on possible consequences of Iran closing the Strait, be it on an international or Iranian level. This analysis will be carried out based on recent research. Additionally, similar situations which occurred in the past, namely the conflict between the US and Iran in 1988, which culminated in "Operation Praying Mantis", can be used to predict the consequences of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz nowadays. Further on, I will construct two scenarios: one of further escalation and another one of de-escalation. Three indicators, that is the development of the price of Brent crude oil, numbers depicting Iranian GDP growth, and the Consumer Price Index will allow me to deliver a prognosis, on what effects each one of these scenarios might have for Iran as well as the global economy. The hypothesis, which is going to be reviewed in the conclusion of this paper, is the following: "A closure of the Strait of Hormuz would have serious consequences for the global economy."
The Economy of Renaissance Italy
Drawing on a wide range of literature and adopting a macroeconomic approach, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the Italian economy during the Renaissance, focusing on the period between 1348, the year of the Black Death, and 1630.
The Financial Crisis of 2008
Supported by ten years of research, Wigmore has gathered extensive data covering the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent recovery to provide the first comprehensive history of the period. Financial crises cannot occur unless institutional investors finance the bubbles that created them. Wigmore follows the trail of data putting pressure on institutional investors to achieve higher levels of returns that led to over-leverage throughout the financial system and placed such a burden on recovery. Here is a 'very good picture - and painful reminder - of the crisis' evolution across multiple asset classes, structures, participants, and geographies.' This work serves as a critical analysis of modern portfolio management and an important reference work for financial professionals, academics, investors, and students.
Climate Change Economics
Professor William Nordhaus was honored with a Nobel Prize in Economics for his lifetime contributions to research and policy on climate change and macroeconomics. This book contains a collection of essays written by eleven leading climate change economists describing precisely how Professor Nordhaus changed climate change economics. The essays highlight the major contributions that Professor Nordhaus has made to understanding climate change. The book also discusses the important contributions Professor Nordhaus has made to develop effective policies to manage greenhouse gases both now and far into the future. Several authors also thank Professor Nordhaus for the influence he has had on the trajectory of their own careers. Finally, the essays press forward and discuss how the entire field continues to work on perfecting both climate change economics and policy.
Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management
'Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management' begins by outlining a portfolio management framework into which macroeconometric models and backtesting investment strategies are integrated. It is followed by a discussion on the theoretical backgrounds of both small and global large macroeconometric models, including data selection, estimation, and applications. Other practical concerns essential to managing a portfolio with decisions driven by macro models are also covered: model validation, forecast combination, and evaluation. The author then focuses on applying these models and their results on managing the portfolio, including making trading rules and asset allocation across different assets and risk management. The book finishes by showing portfolio examples where different investment strategies are used and illustrate how the framework can be applied from the beginning of collecting data, model estimation, and generating forecasts to how to manage portfolios accordingly.This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practising professionals. Readers will attain a rigorous understanding of the theory and how to apply these models to their portfolios. Therefore, 'Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management' will be of interest to academics and scholars working in macroeconomics and finance; to industry professionals working in financial economics and asset management; to asset managers and investors who prefer systematic investing over discretionary investing; and to investors who have a strong interest in macroeconomic influences on their portfolio.
Vilfredo Pareto
This volume of intellectual biography takes the Italian economist, sociologist, political scientist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) from his disillusionment with liberal and pacifist activism, to the original development of pure economics and the composition of his Treatise on General Sociology and the test of this latter on the war and post-war events.
Samuel Pufendorf and the Emergence of Economics as a Social Science
Rethinking Territorial Development Policies
This book provides an analytical framework and toolkit for anyone involved - theoretically or practically - with the economic, social, ecological or cultural development of a territory. This work provides an overview of the various territorial development processes, inclusive of both individual and collective actions.In pursuance of its objectives, the book re-examines the classical concepts of governance and regulation in order to position them in an integrative model of the initiatives which contribute dynamically to territorial development.According to this model, the concepts of governance and regulation become two axes, revealing four main reference situations which differentiate between the local initiatives (ground-up) and public actions (top-down) that coexist in a territory. The model emphasizes the need to consider the place of territorial stakeholders in regulatory processes. The book enriches this concept, familiar in a legislative context, and describes it as an area of influence of and negotiation with stakeholders. It contributes to a territorial governance system which encourages development offers.It reveals the inseparable link between influence and development processes that lead to value creation. The logic of governance specifies the various sources of value creation, while the logic of regulation seeks to maximize the acceptability of such value creation by making it into an attractive proposition for stakeholders.
Prosperity in Rural Africa?
How can we track change in poor rural areas where data are scarce? How do we know what general economic growth does to places which are considered rural backwaters? As poorer countries try to transform their economies, and as economies appear to be rebounding across Africa, what is that doing to the rural poor? Prosperity in Rural Africa? provides surprising and challenging answers to these questions. It brings together the expertise of a collection of researchers with decades of experience of working in Tanzania, all of whom faced a deceptively simple task: go back to your study sites, to the places you know well, and to the families you first visited and then describe, and try to explain, the changes that you see. The result is a fascinating compilation of insights and experience into the dynamics of rural societies in Tanzania, which highlights the importance of investment in assets for rural peoples and their success in doing so, largely through their endeavours in small-holder farming. Assets are centrally important to local definitions of wealth across the country. This matters a great deal because rural people's investment in assets is not counted when poverty lines are calculated. There are sound methodological reasons for this omission. But it means that when rural people invest in assets, then that growing prosperity is invisible in development data. This book shows what those data can miss. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.
The Jewish Nobel Prize in Economics
One of the most remarkable things about the Jewish people over the last several thousand years has been their creativity in many fields, especially in science.They have also been impressive in their participation in questioning values, dismantling dogmas, and the disruption of hidden forces.We must underscore the fact that the contribution of Jews to science was out of proportion to the percentage of the population that they represent. This remained true in the field of twentieth-century economics.In illustrating the lives and work of these Nobel Prize winners in economics, the author gives us a fascinating story of men, often exiles and of modest origins, whose science was their vocation and the sharing of knowledge their creed. About the Author: Isaac Benguigui holds a doctorate in Physics. He is a physicist and historian of science and the author of ten books. He is a former researcher at the Swiss National Science Foundation and former research associate at the University of Berkeley (California). He teaches at the University of Geneva.
The Jewish Nobel Prize in Economics
One of the most remarkable things about the Jewish people over the last several thousand years has been their creativity in many fields, especially in science.They have also been impressive in their participation in questioning values, dismantling dogmas, and the disruption of hidden forces.We must underscore the fact that the contribution of Jews to science was out of proportion to the percentage of the population that they represent. This remained true in the field of twentieth-century economics.In illustrating the lives and work of these Nobel Prize winners in economics, the author gives us a fascinating story of men, often exiles and of modest origins, whose science was their vocation and the sharing of knowledge their creed. About the Author: Isaac Benguigui holds a doctorate in Physics. He is a physicist and historian of science and the author of ten books. He is a former researcher at the Swiss National Science Foundation and former research associate at the University of Berkeley (California). He teaches at the University of Geneva.
Exchange Traded Fund Savings Plans as Old-Age Provision Tool in Germany
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,3, Mendel University, language: English, abstract: Future German pensioners will face a pension gap in retirement age if they base their income exclusively on the statutory pension. Conventional private pension alternatives are not lucrative, but they are still the most widely used. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have features that make them particularly attractive for pension provision. The aim of this dissertation is to discover which factors influence the acceptance formation process and thus the usage of ETFs. Therefore, a model is developed that is based conceptually on the widely known technology acceptance model (TAM) and theoretically on the results of a comprehensive literature analysis, which summarises already identified obstacles within old-age provision. This model is then tested using an online survey on future German pensioners aged between 19 and 59 years (n=615). The descriptive statistics are then calculated for the recorded data, and subsequently, the relationships within the variable model are analysed for significant dependencies. The results show that the assumed external variables have an influence on the acceptance of ETFs. In particular, the variable of financial literacy as an indicator of a person's general financial knowledge turns out to be of overriding importance within the acceptance formation process. Furthermore, the results show that the use of an ETF is well recognised, but that it is still too complex to obtain information or acquire an ETF, which ultimately hampers acceptance formation, and thus the use. Finally, two concepts are developed that would have a positive influence on acceptance in different ways; they focus on different variables and behavioural patterns that still act as obstacles, thereby increasing the overall use of ETFs in Germany.
Transparency in ESG and the Circular Economy
A holistic view of ESG goes beyond environmental issues, which are closely linked to social issues. Both come from the governance of an organization: the integrity with which decisions are made and implemented, ultimately defining corporate culture. ESG affects the daily lives of everyone in today's connected world where organizations, companies, and individuals depend on each other at various levels. Lack of sustainability for any entity threatens its future existence, disrupting the entire ecosystem. The use of data to measure ESG outcomes is a young science that is increasingly critical to upholding our very lifestyle. Data clearly presents impact across the entire ESG spectrum, providing the necessary specificity for informed decision making, and ensuring the transparency and accountability, which uphold sustainability.
Back of the Napkin
Contracts are built on relationships-not documents and not handshakes. If you start with a form document, the form will shape your relationships before you define your priorities and goals. You must take the time now-at the beginning-to figure out, as a team, where you stand and to clarify in writing the expectations and roles of each player. That means making sure you understand the core contracts that shape and protect your rights. Alicia Goodrow, a trusted lawyer, explores how to save money in legal fees, headaches, and conflicts as you move from idea to enterprise in this business guide. Learn how to: - begin with the end in mind; - surround yourself with the right team members to accomplish your goals; - determine who you want to join you at the "founders table;" - identify your leadership paradigm; and - know the legal basics for handling IP, leases, customers, suppliers, and employees. The author also highlights various organizational models, tackling complex decisions, ways to court angel investors, and how to begin with the end in mind. Packed with tips for individuals building companies, this startup guide will help you achieve entrepreneurial success.
