A History of Economic Theories From the Physiocrats to Adam Smith
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Descriptive Economics
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Effect of Capital Structure on the Cost of Capital
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Economics of Employment; 0
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Trading With China
China's rise to prosperity in recent decades coincided with the surge in global trade and falling protectionism. But as we are entering the third decade of the 21st century, the economic structure that prevailed in the West during the previous decades is now beginning to look very different. Global economic relationships are being redefined in the wake of the global financial crises, the recent US-China trade tensions, Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic. However, when global trade suffers, so do local economies. In today's economy, international cooperation and open trade are not an option, but a necessity.Trading with China is a concise and useful handbook to Western businesses, entrepreneurs and investors doing business with or in China. It is also a practical guide of use to anyone considering to export goods, services and technology to the Chinese market.The book contains industry information, updated data, key models, practical advice, and strategy options for different types of companies and industry sectors. It details all relevant procedures, opportunities and challenges by industry sector and geographical region. It discusses major issues such as market barriers, import requirements, distribution channels, labelling, and operational challenges. Topics covered in Trading with China also include: relevant rules, regulations, documentation and management issues related to the export of different types of goods, services and technology to China.
Green Civilization
This book approaches Green Civilization based on the background of international initiative on sustainable development and in-depth analyzes the valuable era consensus reached by 193 countries on the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. The Author expounds own point of view to debate the well-known book Clash of Civilizations by the method of contradictory debate dialectically. In addition, it demonstrates the development of Human Green Civilization systematically by Multi-dimensional history material of human civilization. This book covers the academic, political, and business in the world. It is suitable for scholars, researchers, students and university degree readers for economics, eco-environment, political science, sociology and anthropology. It aims at promoting the realization of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, at promoting the dialogue between the East and the West, working for facilitating peace for mankind and spreading the advanced concept of sustainable human development to the people of all countries.
The Political Economy of Population Aging
PrefaceChapter 1. Introduction－Population Aging and Political Economy Chapter 2. Expenditure on Public Investment Chapter 3. Expenditure on Education Chapter 4. Expenditure on Hospital and Health Chapter 5. Interregional Tax Competition Chapter 6: Comparison of Japan and the US Chapter 7: Concluding Remarks
Energy Efficiency Financing and Market-Based Instruments
This book is devoted to investigating the policy design and effectiveness of financial and market-based instruments to promote energy efficiency financing. The concept of this monograph is to present the latest results related to energy efficiency funding schemes, energy efficiency obligations, voluntary agreements, auction mechanisms, and Super Energy Services Companies (Super ESCOs) in major jurisdictions across the world. The book focuses on financial and market-based instruments as they deliver a price signal, which provides an incentive for firms to invest in innovation or implement more energy-efficient technologies and deliver energy savings while minimizing costs. Such instruments can have significant advantages for the government, supporting the fiscal sustainability of the government's energy efficiency efforts, requiring less enforcement than regulation and according the market flexibility to select the most cost-efficient technologies. This book is highly recommended to researchers, policy experts, and business specialists who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of energy efficiency financing.
China's Rise and the Development of Asian Regional Integration
Introduction.- External Market and Regional Industrialization.- Structural Characteristics of Major Regional Markets.- Evolution of the Asian Market Structure, - Cooperation and Development in Asia.- Changes in China's Economic Relations in Asia.- Impact of China's Rise on the Regional Market.- China's Participation in Asian Cooperation.- Strategic Direction and Pathways for China's Consolidation of the Asian Market.
I Pried Open Wall Street in 1962
This is one of the few books that has something for most readers. Wherever you are in building your dream, the stories found on the pages in this book will help to stimulate you in starting a career, being a trailblazer or an entrepreneur. Dr. Winston Allen has spent many years mentoring people as they turn their dreams into reality. Dr. Allen has written a powerful, persuasive and practical book that will provide you a roadmap for personal, professional, and financial success in life. It's all here in an easy-to-read style that goes to the real issues of today.
I Pried Open Wall Street in 1962
This is one of the few books that has something for most readers. Wherever you are in building your dream, the stories found on the pages in this book will help to stimulate you in starting a career, being a trailblazer or an entrepreneur. Dr. Winston Allen has spent many years mentoring people as they turn their dreams into reality. Dr. Allen has written a powerful, persuasive and practical book that will provide you a roadmap for personal, professional, and financial success in life. It's all here in an easy-to-read style that goes to the real issues of today.
OECD Economic Surveys
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the strong economic growth performance in 2016-19, which entailed large increases in employment and real incomes, and the lowest unemployment rate in thirty years. The swift vaccination rollout allows a faster recovery from the pandemic from mid-2021 onwards.
Die digitale Neuordnung im Finanzsektor durch FinTechs. Handlungsempfehlungen f羹r Banken
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 1.0, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Digitalisierung in der Finanzbranche zeigt eine hohe Dynamik und v繹llig neue M繹glichkeiten, wie die digitalen Non-Banks, sog. FinTechs (Finanz-Technologie-Unternehmen) wie "moneymeets", "munio" oder "vaamo" bereits bewiesen haben. Auch die Kerngesch瓣fte der Banken wie der Zahlungsverkehr wird bereits von diesen Unternehmen stark eingebunden, z. B. von "Paypal" oder "Klarna". Infolgedessen kommt es im Markt f羹r Finanzdienstleistungen im Ergebnis zu einer Diversifizierung bei gleichzeitiger Spezialisierung der Anbieter und der Produkte. Die Digitalisierung hat unz瓣hlige Bereiche unseres Lebens als auch das Banking revolutioniert. Somit stellt sich hierbei die Frage: "Wer braucht demn瓣chst noch ein traditionelles Haus und eine Bankverbindung, wenn es doch FinTechs gibt?" Die Einleitung der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in Kapitel 2 durch die Beschreibung der Ver瓣nderung des Wettbewerbsmarktes durch die Digitalisierung und Eintritt der Non-Banks-Unternehmen erg瓣nzt. In diesem Kapitel wird der Wesenszug digitaler Gesch瓣ftsstrategien und Gesch瓣ftsmodelle erl瓣utert, konkrete Mehrwerte im Vergleich zu klassischen Banken aufgezeigt und auf das Gesch瓣ftsfeld "Payment Transactions" (Zahlungsverkehr) genauer eingegangen. Im Anschluss werden die Erfolgsfaktoren von FinTechs-Start-Ups im Kapitel 2.3 dargestellt. Das Kapitel 3 beschreibt die Auswirkungen auf klassische Kreditinstitute und leitet mit Hilfe der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus dem Kapitel 2 konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen, Handlungsalternativen und Weiterentwicklungsimpulse f羹r Banken ab. Das Kapitel 4 fasst alle gewonnenen Ergebnisse zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf die Zukunftsaussichten in der Finanzbranche.
Financing Clean Energy in Developing Asia
This book examines clean energy investment needs and financing gaps in Asia and the Pacific and discusses how they are being addressed. It reviews existing financing options and approaches for clean energy, and includes country examples of how these have been applied. Innovative solutions for mobilizing private finance and managing risks associated with clean energy investments are also discussed. The book is the first of two volumes that look at various approaches and instruments that have been tried, tested, and utilized to scale up clean energy development in the region.
Mekong Delta Handbook
The Mekong Delta is the lowest section of the gigantic Mekong River. In a strictly geographical sense, the delta landscape already begins in Cambodia, but in international perception, Mekong Delta refers primarily to the actual estuary of the river, which drains into the sea on Vietnam's territory via nine main branches and a labyrinth of natural and artificial waterways. Hence its Vietnamese name S繫ng Cửu Long (Nine Dragon River). The Mekong is one of the last largely unregulated and relatively unpolluted major rivers on the Asian mainland. Its value for the ecological diversity of the entire Southeast Asian region is inestimable and therefore all the more threatened by water pollution and gigantic dam projects. The Mekong Delta is, contrary to a perception often prevalent, a human-made environment. It was created in a process of conflict and cooperation between the peoples of the region that lasted at least three centuries. But the Mekong Delta is also threatened from another side, from the sea. The level of the world's oceans is already rising due to global warming. We try to give an overview of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta from different scientific perspectives and for a broader audience. The book is an outcome of the very fruitful cooperation between Justus Liebig University Gie?en, Germany, and An Giang University in Long Xuyen, member of the National University of Vietnam, VNU, Ho Chi Minh City.
The Spanish Flu in Ireland
This book examines the Irish experience of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic through a detailed study of the disease in the most industrialised region of the country, the province of Ulster. By exploring the different themes of dispersion of the disease; mortality; gender; medical response and politics - and through case studies of different towns in the province of Ulster - it builds up a picture of the social, economic and political impact of influenza in Ireland. The Ulster experience of the pandemic is examined by constructing micro-histories of industrial cities and towns, along with provincial market towns and a naval port, to provide a basis for comparison of the differing approaches taken to combat the influenza outbreaks throughout Ulster. Contemporary opinion was that Ireland was considerably less affected by the war than the rest of the UK but, this book shows that the war did have a significant influenceon how the influenza pandemic impacted on the Irish population from an economic, social and medical point of view. The book also explores the immediate aftermath of the pandemic and how it influenced the Irish response to the influenza scare of 1920 and the viral pandemic of Encephalitis Lethargica which was prevalent for ten years after 1918, as well as discussing what if any lessons learnt from 1918 have been applied to the present-day outbreak of Covid 19. This book will be of interest to academics in economic history, social history, Irish history and pandemic history, and those studying the effects of pandemics on the economy, health provision and pandemic preparedness.
An Introduction to Latin American Economics
This textbook serves as an introduction to the major economic topics and events in Latin America's history, from the settling of the region by indigenous Americans and then Europeans, Africans and Asians, to the economic consequences of COVID-19. Each chapter concentrates on a particular period--for example, pre-Columbian America, the 1980s debt crisis, the 21st Century decline in income inequality--and introduces the concepts needed to understand the events of that period. These concepts include theories such as Dutch Disease and Dependency Theory, policies such as import-substituting industrialization and neoliberalism, and analytical tools such as the circular flow of income and the foreign exchange market. Descriptive data are used to illustrate these concepts: for example, Latin America's current account balance during the 1970s and 1980s shows the impact of the debt crisis, while the relationship between money supply growth and inflation in Argentina during the 1980s and 1990s shows the impact of expansionary monetary policy and convertibility. With its focus on Latin American economic history and on the key concepts for understanding that history, this book can serve as the core textbook for an introductory course on Latin American Economics, or as a complementary text for an introductory course in Latin American Studies or a social science course on Latin America.
Role of Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Development, Functions, Interactions and Effects
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, Arba Minch University, course: Development Theories and Policies, language: English, abstract: Methodologically, this paper is based on theoretical and empirical narrations about the theories, experiences, and workings of monetary and fiscal policies. How monetary and fiscal policies are in work, what are the existing theories about these policies, and evaluation of their practical cases based on various case studies conveys the major methodological components of this paper. Contemporary macroeconomic theories postulate that, macroeconomic policy focuses on limiting the effects of the business cycle to achieve the economic goals of price stability, full employment, and growth. Monetary and fiscal policies are usually considered as the two sets of tools to implement macroeconomic policy. Both forms of policies are used to stabilize the economy, which can mean boosting the economy to the level of GDP consistent with full employment. According to Cochrane, the primary mandate of macroeconomic policy is the achievement of stability and sustainable growth. Conventionally, there are two leading players responsible for these economic policies. The Fiscal agent, whose main objective is to achieve full employment of resources, and the monetary agent who seeks to maintain price stability. While both fiscal and monetary policy ultimately aims at achieving sustainability, economic theory holds that the monetary and fiscal policy objectives are not mutually exclusive. Also, the existence of two autonomous policy agents raises an environment where policy makers have room to pursue conflicting objectives.
Navigating the Boom/Bust Cycle
Will Your Business Be Prepared When the Bubble Bursts? Sabrin's book is a must guide for corporate executives, managers, and business owners, for any size company; and for MBA students and executives in professional education programs and seminars to assist them better manage their companies during the boom-bust cycle.The business cycle in the United States has been characterized booms and busts for decades. But how can corporate executives and their firms not just survive--but also thrive--when economic bubbles burst? And how can small business owners steer their companies during the business cycle so they too can thrive and survive.This book is designed to give them tools and strategies to do that. After that grounding in fundamentals, readers are given specific tools and strategies that entrepreneurs and executives can use to help their companies prepare for when the next bubble bursts.
OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
Denmark's development co-operation is integrated into its foreign policy. Broad political and public support enables Denmark to provide 0.7% of its national income as official development assistance. Denmark champions gender equality, human rights and democracy, supports transparent communication and empowers its partners.
The Economics of Aquatic Sports
This volume examines the economics of aquatic sports. Covering topics ranging from youth participation, collegiate level amateurism, and professional performance issues, to the history of Olympic level swim and water polo programs, the chapters illuminate economic motivations behind the behavior and performance characteristics of this industry. Labor-related themes regarding compensation, exploitation and discrimination are examined. The volume is also especially timely, including discussions of the impacts of technological change, the hot hand effect, confirmation bias, and doping. By answering questions about these key issues in sport, this book hopes to shed light on behaviors outside of sport and provide an enhanced understanding of individual, group, and industry decision making and performance under conditions of scarcity and uncertainty. This book will be of interest to those studying sports economics, sports management, or applied microeconomic theory as well as professionals in the sports field: sports managers, agents, media experts, coaches, athletic directors and development leaders.
OECD Economic Surveys
Like many other countries, Malaysia was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic starting in early 2020. Its past policy prudence has allowed Malaysia to react swiftly and boldly to the public health and economic crisis.
Carbon Pricing in Japan
This open access book evaluates, from an economic perspective, various measures introduced in Japan to prevent climate change. Although various countries have implemented such policies in response to the pressing issue of climate change, the effectiveness of those programs has not been sufficiently compared. In particular, policy evaluations in the Asian region are far behind those in North America and Europe due to data limitations and political reasons.The first part of the book summarizes measures in different sectors in Japan to prevent climate change, such as emissions trading and carbon tax, and assesses their impact. The second part shows how those policies have changed the behavior of firms and households. In addition, it presents macro-economic simulations that consider the potential of renewable energy. Lastly, based on these comprehensive assessments, it compares the effectiveness of measures to prevent climate change in Japan and Western countries.Providing valuable insights, this book will appeal to both academic researchers and policymakers seeking cost-effective measures against climate change.
Injurious Vistas: The Control of Outdoor Advertising, Governance and the Shaping of Urban Experience in Britain, 1817 - 1962
This book is a history of outdoor advertising control in Britain between the early-nineteenth century and the beginning of the 1960s. It considers the development of primarily legislative and governmental approaches to controlling commercial signage, billboards, posters and hoardings in rural and urban areas. This study of how the proliferation of outdoor advertising was dramatically curtailed serves as a means to examine how the understanding and governance of lived spaces developed over a century and a half. In the early-nineteenth century outdoor adverting was just another material nuisance to regimes of improvement; by the turn of the century it was reframed as a threat to architecture, rural beauty and codes of moral self-governance. In the twentieth century it disrupted visual amenity and destabilized the civilizing influence of modern planning. More than merely a history of a radical and largely overlooked change in the visual environment, this is the story of how the modernstate saw and regulated the lived spaces of Britain.
Behavioral Public Economics
Behavioral Public Economics shows how standard public economics can be improved using insights from behavioral economics. This book calls for a rethinking of assumptions of individual behavior and provides a good foundation for public economic theory.
Political Economy of Contemporary Italy
Drawing on Kaleckian and Kaldorian approaches, this book explores the reasons behind the stagnation of the Italian economy from the 1970s, and suggests policy solutions to ease the crisis.
Comparative Political Economy
Why do unemployment, inflation, and growth rates vary across political economies? Why are some capitalist societies more equitable than others? Why is public spending higher in some countries than others? Drawing on insights from political science, economics, and business, this book addresses these and other related questions in the context of advanced capitalist democracies.　　 The first part of the book investigates how macroeconomic performance and policy outcomes such as public spending, tax revenue, and trade openness are shaped by various economic and political institutions as well as democratic politics. The second part probes the effects of economic performance and social changes on domestic politics. At the end of each chapter, key terms, review questions, and a short list of recommended readings are included. Each chapter is designed to familiarize readers with core concepts, theoretical arguments, and empirical evidence related to different substantive themes. With in-text focus boxes and short case studies, this book is ideal for anyone seeking a rigorous introduction to the comparative political economy of advanced political economies, and will be a valuable text on courses in political economy, comparative economics, and related areas.
The Singapore Economy
The Singapore Economy provides insight into how we can maintain social cohesion and establish a political equilibrium that embraces the new sources of growth through policy formulation for economic inclusion.
Financial Systems, Central Banking and Monetary Policy During COVID-19 Pandemic and After
This edited collection investigates present and future developments in the global financial system after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The contributors examine the effects of health issues and epidemic diseases in state economies and predict future effects on the banking sector, especially central banking. The contributors also offer important insights into current issues and historical transformations related to currencies, commercial banking, central banks, financial institutions, and economic policy.
Omni-Channel Retailing
"In Omni-Channel Retailing, Ken Wong has captured the essential technologies and tools that we use everyday to provide our customers with the products they want, through the channel that best serves their needs." -David Markwell, Chief Technology and Analytics Officer, Loblaw Companies Ltd. "Ken Wong has crafted a formidable yet highly approachable guide that every retail business, large, medium and small, should devour. Retailers who want to do more than survive will find Omni-Channel Retailing an indispensable roadmap to winning and keeping customers." -David Agnew, President, Seneca College "Dr. Ken Wong provides an outlook that is current to today's Retail industry. His contemporary insights provide relevance to all those interested in learning more about Omni-Channel Retailing." -Dr. Seung Hwan (Mark) Lee, Director, Professor, Retail Management, TRSM, Ryerson University "There is no space for 'silos' or functional borders within the organization. All have to be integrated to deliver the best and consistent customer experience. Omni-Channel Retailing explores this strategy, provides proven examples of success, and delivers practical advice to help today's retailers." -Perry Oosting, Former CEO, Clergerie Paris The COVID-19 pandemic is rewriting the rules of retail. A growing number of shoppers now rely on same-day delivery, curbside pickup, in-home/in-car delivery, and AI-powered drive-thru to get their goods. To accommodate such a paradigm shift, retailers must undertake significant changes in their business models to become digitally enabled and data-driven. Omni-Channel Retailing is written to help retailers and retail students understand the importance of delivering a seamless, cohesive, and contextual customer experience throughout the shopping journey. This book addresses today's retailers' challenges and gives new ideas for implementation. Relevant activities and discussion topics are included to help readers master the concepts.
The Untold Story of the Korean Film Industry
This book analyses the Korean film industry emergence and development in a global business and economic perspective. This is one of the first books to compare the film policies and industries of the world's six largest film industries - featuring Korea as the central character - with the aim of defining the contours of what constitutes an effective film policy. It presents many cases showing that, contrary to what is often believed, an economically sound policy is a good instrument for achieving desired cultural goals. It uses a set of analytical tools - borrowed from the economic analysis of international trade policies - to provide a rich harvest of new, rigorous, and often unexpected results on the effectiveness of the existing film policies. The implications found in this book are relevant not only for Korea, but for all other countries that wish to foster or enhance the competitiveness of their film industries. This book will be of interest to a wide spectrum of scholars interested in cultural studies - media and cultural specialists, political scientists, sociologists, historians - in addition to business analysts and economists specialized in cultural economics. As this book focuses on film policies and how to improve them, it will also appeal to policymakers, business figures, public relations officials, and staff from international organizations working on the film industry.
Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, an Intellectual History - Volume II
This book, set out over three-volumes, provides a comprehensive history of economic thought in the 20th century with special attention to the cultural and historical background in the development of theories, to the leading or the peripheral research communities and their interactions, and finally to an assessment and critical appreciation of economic theories. Volume II addresses economic theory in the period between the two world wars in which the economic theory went through a process of criticism of old mainstream, deconstruction and reconstruction and theoretical ferment which involved the intellectual communities of economists emphasizing their nature of evolving interacting entities. This work provides a significant and original contribution to the history of economic thought and gives insight to the thinking of some of the major international figures in economics. It will appeal to students, scholars and the more informed reader wishing to further their understanding of the history of the discipline.
Policies for a Stronger Greek Economy
This book presents a comprehensive economic plan for Greece to encourage growth and avoid future crises. This book emphasizes structural reforms and the rational financial management and analysis of private and investment infrastructures. This book also looks at the country's production and places an emphasis on revitalizing its technological structure. The analysis in this book includes policy implementation (in the short-, medium- and long-term) across important topics such as sustainability, inclusivity, pro-growth social behavior, and dynamic economic growth. This book takes an evolutionary economics perspective, looking at important structures throughout society like governance, political functioning, cultural attitudes, and growth. With its comprehensive approach, this book is crucial reading for scholars and policymakers interested in the Greek economy.
New Normal and New Rules in International Trade, Economics and Marketing
The coronavirus epidemic, which swept the whole world at the beginning of 2020 andturned into a widespread pandemic, has caused an important economic and social crisis.Governments and policy makers have tried to keep business life afloat with financialincentives and supports, government aids to combat the epidemic. The habits of doingbusiness with remote working, flexible working, social media and internet use and onlinesystems have been heavily used. After the Great Depression, the COVID epidemic causedserious contraction on the global economy. Therefore, it is important to examine theeffects of this crisis by experts. With this book, the effects of the COVID crisis on different fields have been examined indetail by experts from different disciplines. We hope that this book will make significantcontributions to researchers and scientists.
The Contribution of Saving and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOS) on the Improvement of Members' Socio Economic Development in Rwanda. Opportunities and Challenges
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: Rite, University of Koblenz-Landau (KOBLENZ-LANDAU UNIVERSITY, School of social sciences, department of Economics), course: PhD Dissertation, language: English, abstract: This study examines the contribution of saving and credit cooperatives (SACCOS) on the improvement of members' socio economic development in Rwanda. The appearance of saving and credit cooperatives or credit unions has been known as remedy for social ills rooted in poverty because of its efficiency in loans or credits dispensation, social equality for enhancement and reduction of poverty among low income earners. Therefore, millions and millions of poor people and non-bankable in developing countries (or third world countries) have been provided access to formal financial services through saving and credit cooperatives' programs. The targeted population concerned by the study was 1,940 members of USACCO from which a sample of 92 respondents was purposely selected. The study has adopted a combination of correlation and descriptive research design. It has employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected using questionnaire and interview and, while secondary data was collected using documentations techniques whereby, Manual of procedures and Credit policies of USACCO and financial reports have been consulted. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 21.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Energy Markets
The World Health Organization confirmed COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, causing vast impact on international economy. The coronavirus pandemic has given rise to an unprecedented global health and economic crises. Apart from the toll of early deaths, economic activities have been stalled and stock markets have tumbled, while a wide range of energy markets - including oil, gas and renewable energy - have been severely affected. This crisis The pandemic has stressed the critical value of the health care infrastructure and electricity infrastructure. In view of the above, while governments and policy makers respond to these interlinked crises, they must not lose sight of a major challenge of our time: clean energy transitions.The pandemic has continued to to slow down the recovery of economic activities and consumption due to combination of many factors such as economic recession, expensive storage, warm climate, and enormous uncertainty. Mitigation and adaptation policies are crucial to overcoming the crisis. The commodity futures market will depend on the effectiveness of decision-makers' policies in containing the COVID-19 outbreak and reducing the negative effect of the pandemic on economic activities. This book seeks to throw light on the adverse effects of COVID-19 through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge. The chapters in the book show that the energy, stock, crypto-currencies markets are vulnerable to the surge in coronavirus deaths.
Der Europ瓣ische Emissionsrechtehandel und seine Weiterentwicklung. ?konomische Bewertung und politische Umsetzbarkeit
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Umwelt繹konomie, Note: 1,0, Hochschule f羹r Wirtschaft und Umwelt N羹rtingen-Geislingen; Standort N羹rtingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es aufzuzeigen, dass die Verringerung der Treibhausgase innerhalb der durch den EU-EHS regulierten Sektoren nicht nur funktioniert, sondern dar羹ber hinaus auch noch zu geringen Kosten f羹hrt. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, dass die 羹brigen 60 % der europ瓣ischen Treibhausgasemissionen nur sehr schleppend reduziert werden. Die Themenstellung dieser Arbeit leitet sich aus genau dieser Divergenz ab. Zum einen existiert ein funktionierendes Instrument, aber zum anderen wird dieses Instrument nur f羹r 40 % der Emissionen eingesetzt. Somit stellt sich die Frage, wie etwaige Weiterentwicklungsm繹glichkeiten des EU-EHS aussehen k繹nnten. Diese M繹glichkeiten werden aufgezeigt und neben der 繹konomischen Wirkungsweise auch auf ihre politische Umsetzbarkeit hin untersucht. Kommissionspr瓣sidentin Ursula von der Leyen bei ihrer Bewerbungsrede am 16.07.2019 einen "European Green Deal" an. Dieser wurde am 11.12.2019 ver繹ffentlicht und beinhaltet unter anderem auch das Ziel der Klimaneutralit瓣t bis 2050 (Europ瓣ische Kommission, 11.12.2019). Letztlich bedeutet dies, Europa w瓣re der erste Kontinent, auf dem genauso viel Treibhausgase emittiert werden w羹rden, wie gleichzeitig durch W瓣lder, B繹den und anderes absorbiert werden k繹nnte. F羹r diesen Transformationsprozess ist es unerl瓣sslich, ein Instrument einzusetzen, welches neben einer kosteneffizienten Wirkungsweise auch 繹kologisch treffsicher ist. Mit dem europ瓣ischen Emissionshandelssystem (EU-EHS) hat die EU seit dem Jahr 2005 ein solches Instrument etabliert. Durch dieses werden mehr als 11 000 energieintensive Anlagen (in der Stromerzeugungs- und der verarbeitenden Industrie) sowie der innereurop瓣ische Flugverkehr reguliert. Dieses System deckt damit ca. 40 % der europ瓣ischen Treibhausgasemissionen ab.
Evaluation of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Regarding the Free Trade Concepts according to David Ricardo
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,3, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This thesis aims to present the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its historical background in its main features and to examine what extent the GATT corresponds to the free trade conception according to David Ricardo. Historically, free trade is still a relatively new concept. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, in the age of mercantilism, the idea of protectionism still predominated. The interstate exchange of goods is based on the assumption that the own country could make profits at the expense of its trading partners through import quotas and import tariffs. At the same time, attempts are made to support the country's own exports through promotional measures. This protectionist approach has left its mark until today in form of protective tariffs for example. Mercantilism is followed by the idea of liberalism and therefore the idea of free trade. Adam Smith is considered the founder of free trade theory. His model of absolute cost advantage is later developed into the model of comparative cost advantage by the economist David Ricardo.
Cen獺rio de Caos
O caos j獺 se instalou, e Bob Garfield, considerado por todos um dos melhores especialistas em m穩dia da atualidade, sabia disso. H獺 muito tempo ele ligou os pontos de uma realidade cuja exist礙ncia muita gente do marketing e da m穩dia se negava a admitir. Neste livro, o autor n瓊o se limita a mostrar a desintegra癟瓊o da m穩dia e do marketing tradicionais. Antes, ele percorre cinco continentes em busca de solu癟繭es e traz exemplos de adapta癟瓊o a algo que representa uma nova era das realiza癟繭es humanas. As descobertas reveladas aqui representam a solu癟瓊o para todas as institui癟繭es que quiserem sobreviver na era digital da P籀s-M穩dia. Sua t矇cnica 矇 a arte e a ci礙ncia da Listenomics. Escute voc礙 tamb矇m e seja um agente da mudan癟a neste Cen獺rio de Caos!
Monetary Policy Implementation in East Asia
This book shares essential insights into the implementation of monetary policy in various East Asian countries. Highlighting case studies from China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and Singapore, leading economists and practitioners from central banks illustrate how dependent effective monetary policy is on the institutional and financial market environment, as well as on successful implementation and communication. The respective contributions cover various aspects of monetary policy implementation, such as: How is inflation targeting handled? For what purposes and how do central banks operate on financial markets, and what are the (at times unintended) effects? How do currency market interventions help achieve the monetary policy targets set by individual countries or areas? In addition, Asian experiences are contrasted with those from the Eurozone.
The Future of Work in the United States
Chapter 1. Introduction: Focus, Scope and Structure of the Book.- Chapter 2. The Network Society, the Internet, and the Beginning of the New Economy.- Chapter 3. A New World of Work: The Sharing Economy Platforms.- Chapter 4. Corpus Analysis: Automation, the Future of Work, and the Platform Economy Reflected in Political and Public Discourse.- Chapter 5. Quantitative Analysis: Frequency Analysis.- Chapter 6. Qualitative Analysis: Collocations and Contextual Reading.- Chapter 7. The Discourse around Technological Progress and the Future of Work.
China Ethnic Statistical Yearbook 2020
Part I. Statistical Data.- Chapter 1. Population Structure and Family.- Chapter 2. Economic Growth and Expenditure.- Chapter 3. Employment and Income Distribution.- Chapter 4. Living Conditions and the Means of Livelihood.- Chapter 5. Agricultural Production and Other Rural Activities.- Chapter 6. Education, Science and Technological Progress.- Chapter 7. Health Care and Social Security.- Chapter 8. Entertainment and Other Cultural Activities.- Part II. Data Analysis and Application.- Chapter 9. China's Spatial (Dis)integration as a Multiethnic Paradox.- Appendix A: A Brief Description of China's 56 Ethnic Groups Appendix B: China's Ethnic Populations by Province Appendix C: China's Ethnic Minority Autonomous Areas: General Background Appendix D: China's Ethnic Minority Autonomous Areas: Principal Statistical Indicators Appendix E: China's Spatial (Dis)integration as a Multiethnic Paradox
The Representation of Economics in Cinema
Cinema articulates the economic anxieties of each generation of filmmakers and audiences. It has an influence on people's views on various economic issues and many orders of magnitude larger than that of economics as a discipline. This book offers a sweeping study of the representation of economics in cinema across a wide range of areas and genres, from the conflicts over resources in the lawless Old West to the post-scarcity societies of science fiction futures. This book studies how films have portrayed trade unions, scarcity, money, businesses, innovators, migrant workers, working women, globalization, the stock market, and the automation of work. It aims to be useful to those who are interested in cinema with economic themes and to those who want to learn about economics through cinema.
The Economics of Water
This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today's water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seekinga deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.
The Sustainable Development Theory
This book argues that the theory of sustainable development lost some of its rigor because of two main reasons. The first manifests itself as an inflation of concepts that hampers the correct understanding of sustainability's essence. The second one consists of a departure from the traditional scientific sources of the classicists and, in part, neoclassicists. Exploiting relevant areas of their works, the authors outline the theoretical framework necessary to promote a healthy version of sustainability. Of utmost interest prove to be areas such as: the formation process of natural prices and natural rate of interest; placing growth before employment and placing production before distribution, consumption, and social justice. The main idea of the book consists of a call for breaking away from the impure forms of the theory of sustainable development and its reconstruction through the reconciliation with the laws of healthy growth as they are highlighted in the works of thefounders. The authors make the case for an approach to sustainable development that is holistic, macroeconomic, and institutionalist, where social, ecological, and economic components are reconciled. This work presents a fresh perspective in the context of current works on sustainability, serving as an accessible research resource and public policy decision guide.
The Us Defense Economy
The United States defence economy is remarkable for a number of reasons - including sheer size. It receives a significant (albeit decreasing) share of GDP and has a significant international footprint. Its purpose is to provide the resources for national defence - against a set of complex and capable adversaries. The main players in the defence economy are households, and the Federal Government. The associated interactions determine the resources provided for national defence and their allocation among various defence needs. This Element focuses primarily on interactions between government and industrial suppliers within the institutional peculiarities of the defence marketplace. This includes the developments that have determined the course of defence industry consolidation post-Cold War. The authors also highlight the persistent gap between resources available for defence and the means to execute the National Security Strategy. Finally, they offer some tentative thoughts regarding developments likely to shape the defence economy's future.
Supply Shock
Politicians, economists, and Wall Street would have us believe that limitless economic expansion is the Holy Grail, and that there is no conflict between growing the economy and protecting the environment. Supply Shock debunks these widely accepted myths and demonstrates that we are in fact navigating the end of the era of economic growth, and that the only sustainable alternative is the development of a steady state economy.Starting with a refreshingly accessible, comprehensive critique of economic growth, the author engages readers in an enormous topic that affects everyone in every country. Publishers Weekly favorably compared Brian Czech to Carl Sagan for popularizing their difficult subjects; Supply Shock shows why.Czech presents a compelling alternative to growth based on keen scientific, economic, and political insights including: The "trophic theory of money"The overlooked source of technological progress that prevents us from reconciling growth and environmental protectionBold yet practical policies for establishing a steady state economySupply Shock leaves no doubt that the biggest idea of the twentieth century-economic growth-has become the biggest problem of the twenty-first. Required reading for anyone concerned about the world our children and grandchildren will inherit, this landmark work lays a solid foundation for a new economic model, perhaps in time for preventing global catastrophes; certainly in time for lessening the damages.
White Light, Yellow Light, Districts, Dynamics
In our nation's neighborhoods, there is a disturbing indicator of inequality that few have noticed: light.Have you ever stopped to wonder why there is such a stark contrast between the appearances of low income communities and more affluent ones at night? The disparity has many causes, but the two most notable are the differences in operational cost and illumination levels, and these point to deeper systemic issues. This contrast thus separates America's white light and yellow light districts, the haves and the have nots. In this book, author L. Tommy Long explores the impact politics has on economic opportunities and lived experiences. As the economic inequality gap continues to widen in America, Long offers possible solutions, and he challenges each reader to look inward for ways to improve his/her life. About the AuthorL. Tommy Long works with the Tarrant County Texas Democratic voter registration committee to help get voters registered. In his free time, Long enjoys playing basketball and reading widely. He considers sociology the most interesting subject, and it comes naturally to him because he has always studied people informally. Long is a father and a grandfather, and there is nothing more important to him than family.During his career, L. Tommy Long has worked in multiple industries, and he has found that, no matter the industry, politics controlled the day. His number one takeaway was that the haves always take advantage of the have nots, full stop!
