Finance and Democracy
This book is an extension of the author's last book (Crisis and Sustainability: The Delusion of Free Markets, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017) and sheds light on the evolution of the financial system after the 2007/08 crisis and on changes and developments in the regulatory framework that have taken place concurrently over the last ten years. The book's central theme addresses the neoliberal philosophy of financial regulation and, in particular, the role of self-regulating markets in the finance sector and how this has affected incentives and behaviour within the finance sector. The author contends that neoliberal maxims have led us to believe that market-based finance is superior to, and safer than, a more rules-based regulatory regime for the sector, and then explains that experience suggests otherwise. The huge expansion of 'financialization' in the developed economies over the last two decades has greatly magnified the risks emanating from the impact of highly leveraged, risk averse, under-regulated finance on other sectors of these economies. The author concludes that financial institutions need to be encouraged to operate within a more socially responsible matrix that facilitates and promotes long-term economic growth coupled with social stability.
Inequality, Redistribution and Mobility
Research on Economic Inequality's 28th volume provides original research on how inequality is affected by redistribution, growth, mobility and educational opportunities. Additional papers discuss poverty, welfare and wage discrimination.
Shaping the Future of Small Islands
1. Transition from Economic Progress to Sustainable Development: Missing Links 2. Macroeconomic Trends, Vulnerability and Resilience Capability of Small Islands 3. Development Strategies for the Vulnerable Small Island Developing States 4. Trade Policy and Innovation Governance: An Analysis of Trade Challenges in The Pacific and Caribbean Economies 5. Tourism and Sustainable Growth in Small Island Economies 6. Democracy and Social Empowerment in Small Island Jurisdictions 7. Social Capital and Subjective Wellbeing in Small States 8. The Quality of Life: An Analysis of Inter-Island Disparity and Emerging Issues 9. Disease Environment and Health Policy Response 10. Climate Change, Sea Level Dynamics and Mitigation 11. Institutional and Policy Analysis: Water Security and Disaster Management in SIDS 12. Potential Restoration Approaches for Heavily Logged Tropical Forests in Solomon Islands 13. Climate Change and Heat Waves 14. Promoting the Blue Economy: The Challenge 15. Assessing the Progress of Environmental Governance in Small Island Economies 16. Overseas Development Assistance and Climate Resilience: A Case Study of Tonga 17. Overtourism, Environmental Degradation and Governance in Small Islands with Special Reference to Malta 18. International Climate Diplomacy, Collective Action and SIDS 19. International Development Goals and Small Island Developing States 20. Saving Small Islands: Does Institutional Quality Matter? 21. The Connectivity Challenge in the Western Indian Ocean
Understanding China’s Economy
Section 1 China's MiracleChapter 1 Understanding the Stages of Economic Development Chapter 2 How Fast has the Chinese economy grown? Chapter 3 Understanding China's Development Chapter 4 Escaping misunderstandings about the relationship between population and the economy Section 2 The Development Turning Point Chapter 5 The Lewis turning point for large countries Chapter 6 The demographic transition and labour supply Chapter 7 The challenges after the Lewis turning point Chapter 8 China's second demographic dividend Section 3 Sidestepping the Trap Chapter 9 China's inevitable speed bump Chapter 10 Understanding the Middle Income Trap Chapter 11 Employment issues: from the aggregate to the structural Chapter 12 The income distribution Kuznets turning point Section 4 Creating a New Miracle Chapter 13 Can China create another economic miracle? Chapter 14 From the demographic dividend to the reform dividend Chapter 15 From the demographic dividend to the open dividend
Principles of Macroeconomics
Principles of Macroeconomics is a lucid and concise introduction to the theoretical and practical aspects of macroeconomics. This revised and updated third edition covers key macroeconomic issues such as national income, investment, inflation, balance of payments, monetary and fiscal policies, economic growth and banking system. This book also explains the role of the government in guiding the economy along the path of stable prices, low unemployment, sustainable growth, and planned development through many India-centric examples. Special attention has been given to macroeconomic management in a country linked to the global economy. This reader-friendly book presents a wide coverage of relevant themes, updated statistics, chapter-end exercises, and summary points modelled on the Indian context. It will serve as an indispensable introductory resource for students and teachers of macroeconomics.
Historie des Flughafens L羹beck-Blankensee. Aus Fehlern f羹r die Zukunft lernen
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich VWL - Verkehrs繹konomie, Note: 1,7, Jade Hochschule Wilhelmshaven/Oldenburg/Elsfleth (Wirtschaft und Tourismus), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im vorliegenden Paper wird dem Leser der Flughafen L羹beck-Blankensee vorgestellt. Neben einer spannenden Historie der letzten 100 Jahre wird insbesondere auf die LCC (Low-Cost-Carrier) und ihr angebotenes Streckennetz eingegangen. Die Privatisierung des Flughafens ab 2002 war durch einen st瓣ndigen Eigent羹merwechsel gepr瓣gt, zus瓣tzlich musste der Flughafen zweimal Insolvenz anmelden. Durch st瓣ndige Unsicherheiten bildeten sich Initiativen, die sich zum gro?en Teil f羹r den Flughafen aussprachen. Neben einer Abw瓣gung zwischen Vor- und Nachteilen, aber auch Chancen und Risiken, wird in der Bilanz sichtbar, dass der Flughafen derzeit nicht wirtschaftlich ist. Zur羹ck zum Linienflugverkehr wird vom Gesch瓣ftsf羹hrer als zuk羹nftiges Ziel f羹r die kommenden Jahre angestrebt.
Survival of the European (Dis) Union
Chapter 1. A Hierarchy of Threats Chapter 2. The Survival of the Euro: "Whatever it takes" Chapter 3. Immigration: What Now? Chapter 4. Populism Chapter 5. The EU's Illiberal Democracies Chapter 6. The EU, China and their changing relations Chapter 7. Re-Invigorating the EU Project Chapter 8. Conclusion
European Republicanism
This book presents current theories of European integration, such as federalism, neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism with their strengths and weaknesses. It is then argued that the combination of republican theory with public good theory, the res publica of public goods, could better explain European integration. Public good theory has, however, to be adopted in order to make it applicable to European republicanism. Finally, the book demonstrates how this new framework can influence further academic debates, such as on sovereignty and monetary integration, externalities of a common European market and the driving force of European integration. It is maintained that as the republican approach does not follow a pure economic logic, there remains space for political considerations and motivations.In this topical and interdisciplinary book, the author combines many important strings of European integration theory, history, economics and political sciences, which are clearly brought together into a coherent analytical discourse. Its strength is the interdisciplinary interaction between politics and economics, as well as theoretical and practical issues which are of high relevance for public debate in Europe. This book will be of interest to scholars and students interested in economic integration, as well as history and political philosophy.
Beyond Capitalism
This book offers a new perspective on the financialisation of the economy and its profound technological transformation in an increasingly interdependent and globalised world. A deterioration of capitalist property has led to the reactivation of pre-capitalist social phenomena such as slavery. Meanwhile secular deflation and international destruction of the social state have wrought havoc with all familiar modern welfare infrastructure. Yet, Sapelli argues, there is still hope in the form of the gradual evolution of a community-based socialism based on diverse forms of ownership, co-operative living and working, and sustainable capitalist property. Sapelli presents a severe and dramatic look at the present world, where there is still a light at the end of the tunnel.
Economics of a Crowded Planet
This book asks the question, how would economics look today and into the future if one started with a blank sheet of paper? Written mainly for a technical audience, yet accessible to the lay reader, Economics of a Crowded Planet addresses the ontology, epistemology and methodology of a future economics as if from outside the economy looking in. It presents a conceptual framework for a future economics drawing from systems science and hierarchy theory, integrating central concepts from present-day economics, so as to orient the field in a direction that can serve society's future needs in practical ways. The exposition reveals a paradigm called 'market planetarianism': the idea that the power of markets may be used to steer the economy toward a desired long-term goal. Both a prescriptive doctrine and an economic methodology, it treats the economy and nature as instances of complex, evolutionary systems, demanding analytical tools quiteunlike those of the 20th-century mainstream.
The socially controversial debate around Stuttgart 21. A discourse on transport policy and its relevance for political education in school
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Economy - Transport Economics, grade: 1,7, University of Education Ludwigsburg, language: English, abstract: This scientific work tries to uncover the transport policy debates in Stuttgart in order to understand and explain the socially controversial and political ways of thinking. The focus is on a transport policy consideration of the Stuttgart mobility dispute, in which the role changes of public transport, cycling and pedestrian as well as the car for Stuttgart and the region are worked out on the basis of concrete examples. Air traffic and shipping do not fall within the field of investigation of this Bachelor's thesis in order to enable a stronger focus on local traffic. A brief overview of the Bachelor's thesis "Derailing Conflict - the Discourse on Stuttgart Transport Policy including Considerations on the Thematic Treatment in School Political Education" will now be presented for orientation. First, a historical insight into Stuttgart's transport policy is given, which goes far beyond the invention of the automobile. The chapter will also provide an answer to the question of how high the share of a means of transport in Stuttgart's city traffic actually is. It then aims to show the difference between adaptation planning and mobility planning, so that a foundation can be laid for understanding the traffic conflict at the transport science level in Stuttgart. In order to illustrate how mobility planning can look like, the Vienna is briefly mentioned as an example. The Austrian capital is known for its progressive approach to transport policy and, as it is therefore a role model in some transport sectors, the paper often compares Stuttgart with the conditions in Vienna. The fourth chapter then deals specifically with the automobile as an object of dispute. In addition to the major debate on pollutants, the traffic jam and parking situation will also be addressed. Beyond the traffic situation in Stuttgart, rese
The contribution of tourism to the Ethiopian economy and its impact on the GDP
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, Addis Ababa University, course: economics, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to see overall contribution of tourism to the Ethiopian economy. Specifically: Tourism contribution to the GDP of the country, Tourism contribution to employment, Tourism contribution to foreign exchange generation, To examine the causal effect of tourism on economic growth. Furthermore this research is to investigate the contribution of tourism for the Ethiopian economy over the year 2004-2014 for descriptive and 1991-2014 for econometrics. Graphs, table and, percent and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach to Co-integration and Error Correction Model are applied in order to investigate the long-run effect of tourism receipt on economic growth. Specifically this research assessed the impact of tourism on GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings, and economic growth. The result shows tourism positive contribution to GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings and stable relationship between tourism receipt and economic growth. The empirical result reveals that tourism receipt found to have positive impact on economic growth. So the government and citizens should strive to improve tourism industry and to generate more income especially foreign exchange. According to WTO, tourism is a combination of activities travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business and other activities. It is beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity. The WTO further explains that tourism refers to all activities of visitors including both tourist (overnight visitors) and same day visitors. This definition was adopted by UK government and WTO used it since 2004. Tourism developed many years back when people travel from one place to another place for different purpose. Human beings have been active
A Classical Monetary Economy
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,0, University of Kaiserslautern, language: English, abstract: The aim of this thesis is the presentation and analysis of a classical monetary economy. Modelling is considered over different periods, which implies a dynamic optimization problem. Under simple and comprehensible assumptions, household side and producing firms will be modelled. In the market equilibrium, interrelations and influences of different variables are presented under participation of the monetary authority. This analysis makes use of various mathematical tools, approximation methods and log-linearizations around steady states, which requires a certain level of abstraction. Thereby mathematical complexity is always kept to a minimum. The central issue is whether the price level is determined or not. Indeterminacy leads possibly to an infinite number of equilibria, which jeopardizes meaningful modelling. Hursey and Wolman (2010) lamented the fact that most monetary models involve the problem of multiple equilibria which makes it impossible to make accurate statements. The primary objective is to promote an understanding of influencing monetary policy, especially in terms of inflation rate and price level. This thesis will show how monetary policy affects different macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, the question of optimal monetary policy will be discussed. It is important to point out that modelling a monetary economy can provide meaningful information for policy decisions. In particular, the monetary authority can be advised on its decision making by the present analysis. Overall the model presented in this work is mainly based on the work of Gali (2015), and the notation used there is predominantly adopted.
Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor 2020 - Volume III
This study of financial technology (fintech) loans to tricycle drivers in the Philippines looks at how fintech affects the welfare of the self-employed and contributes to the development of the country's local economies. The results highlight the importance of fintech for the self-employed in adapting to the "new normal" after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a key resource for policy makers working on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise development in Asia and the Pacific.
Smart Ports in the Pacific
This publication examines how smart ports in the Pacific can support trade, resilience, and more inclusive economic growth. Maritime trade is an essential lifeline for the island nations of the Pacific. This study explores how to adapt international smart port best practices to the Pacific context. It suggests how to achieve short-term "wins" by implementing technology and business process solutions, and provides a strategic framework for developing more robust smart port ecosystems over time.
A Handbook of Primary Commodities in the Global Economy
The dramatic price falls of 2014-2015 marked the end of the most powerful and enduring commodity boom since the Second World War. Now in its third edition, this book acts as a guide to the ins and outs of the primary commodity universe. Updates to this edition reflect on the consequences of both China's economic slowdown as its industrialization enters a new, less commodity demanding phase, and changes in the USA's trade policy under the Trump administration. Additionally, this edition takes into account recent developments in world oil markets and examines the effects of increased climate concerns. The authors introduce and explain pertinent issues surrounding international commodity markets such as the global geography of raw materials, price formation, price trends, the role of commodity exchanges, the threat of depletion, cartel action, state ownership, emerging commodity nationalism and more.
Annual Report on China's Response to Climate Change (2017)
Chapter1.Implementing the Paris Agreement: Forging Ahead Despite Challenges.- Chapter2.Storm Resilience of Chinese Cities: Ranking and Analysis.- Chapter3.Scientific Assessments of Climate Change in the Post-Paris Era.- Chapter4.Climate Change Policies of the Trump Administration and China's Response.- Chapter5.China's Role in Global Climate Governance and Causal Analysis.- Chapter6.Flood Risk and Flood Management Policies in China.- Chapter7.Climate Resilient Cities: Water Security.- Chapter8.Energy Transition Driven by the Energy Internet.- Chapter9.Issues Concerning the Design of China's National Emissions Trading System.- Chapter10.Low-carbon Transport: Trends and Prospects.- Chapter11.Wind Power in China: Current State and Future Outlook.- Chapter12.Distributed Renewable Energy in China: Current State and Future Outlook.- Chapter13.Combating Climate Change, Desertification and Sandstorms: A Collaborative Approach.- Chapter14.Extreme Precipitation and Disasters: A Risk Analysis Based on Solar Radiation Management.
China's White-Collar Wave
This book explores the move from manufacturing towards service industry jobs in China's economic development during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. The service industry now makes up the highest proportion of the GDP and employs the largest number of people in China. In the next Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to actively push forward the strategic transformation by placing emphasis on the service industry to press ahead with system and mechanism reforms and policy innovations and cultivate diverse, sustainable and continuous forces for driving its growth. Efforts are made to upgrade the service industry to better achieve economic and social development in an innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared way. This book will be of interest to scholars researching China's future.
The Great Change in the Regional Economy of China Under the New Normal
This book provides a comparative analysis of the regional development strategies of east, west, northeast and central China and the development of important economic regions including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and central-southern areas of Liaoning Province. The book reveals some key issues faced in China's regional development and analyzes their causes while delving into new trends of regional development since the 18th CPC National Congress. The book concludes by proposing new ideas for regional development under the new normal and analyzing experiences of other major powers in carrying out coordinated regional development. This book will be of interest to urbanists, journalists, and China scholars.
Entscheidungsfindung der Verhaltens繹konomie. Eine Anomalie zum Homo oeconomicus und dem Bernoulli-Prinzip
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,0, Fachhochschule des Mittelstands, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit soll sich mit dem Problem der Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie (der vorherrschenden Meinung 羹ber den Homo oeconomicus und das darauf ableitende Bild 羹ber das nutzenmaximierende Entscheiden und Handeln des Menschen) und der tats瓣chlichen Praxis besch瓣ftigen. Eine kritische Betrachtung des Homo oeconomicus und der vorausgehenden Theorie, das Bernoulli Prinzip, im Vergleich zu der Verhaltens繹konomie (behavioral economics), dessen Grundbaustein die Prospect Theory (im Folgenden abgek羹rzt mit PT) bildet, soll stattfinden. Die aus der PT folgenden Effekte bez羹glich risikobehafteter Entscheidungen oder Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit werden ebenfalls als Diskussionsbasis genommen. Der Impuls f羹r das Themengebiet dieser Arbeit liegt darin, eine bessere Beleuchtung des psychologischen Aspekts in der Wirtschaft hervorzubringen, da wie im Laufe der Arbeit nachzuvollziehen ist, die Modelle der ?konomie und normativen Entscheidungstheorien einige L羹cken bez羹glich wichtiger und entscheidender Faktoren in Hinblick auf eine weitreichende Erkl瓣rung des menschlichen Verhaltens von Entscheidungen, besonders denen unter Risiko und Unsicherheit, aufweisen. Insbesondere soll die Erkenntnis 羹ber den Wandel vom wirtschaftlich rational handelnden Homo oeconomicus zu den Theorien der Verhaltens繹konomie deutlich gemacht werden und ein m繹glicher Anreiz zur Verabschiedung beziehungsweise Umwandlung dieses Modells gegeben werden.
Initial Coin Offering und Crowdfunding. Markt羹berblick beider Finanzierungsmechanismen
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 1,7, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule (FOM Hannover), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen aktuellen Markt羹berblick 羹ber die Finanzierungsformen des Crowdfunding und des Initial Coin Offering (ICO) zu geben. Dabei soll herausgearbeitet werden, ob der ICO-Prozess eine zuk羹nftige Alternative am Kapitalmarkt, als m繹gliches Substitut zum Venture Capital, zur Unternehmensfinanzierung darstellt. Um das Ph瓣nomen ICO zu untersuchen, werden im Rahmen dieser Seminararbeit zun瓣chst die theoretischen Grundlagen mit ihren elementaren Bestandteilen des Crowdfunding in Kapitel 3 und dem Initial Coin Offering in Kapitel 4 dargestellt. F羹r beide jungen Finanzierungsmechanismen wird ein aktueller Markt羹berblick gegeben. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Prozess des ICO, insbesondere der Blockchain-Technologie und den zugeh繹rig geltenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Abschlie?end werden in Kapitel 5 die elementaren Bestandteile zusammengefasst, eine Zukunftseinsch瓣tzung gegeben und eine weiterf羹hrende Forschungsempfehlung ausgesprochen.
Wohnraum, Wohnungsmarktregulierung und Mietpreisbremse in Deutschland
Essay aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,0, FOM Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Bochum Standort besteht nicht mehr, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Thematik Wohnraum, den Regulierungen und insbesondere auf der Mietpreisbremse. Problematisch ist dabei die ideologische Komponente in Medien und Literatur. Diese Arbeit soll dennoch eine Einsch瓣tzung 羹ber die Lage und die Zielerreichung durch politische Intervention geben. Der sogenannte bezahlbare Wohnraum in deutschen Metropolen wurde ab 2010 zu einem emotional wie politisch aufgeladenen Thema. Die gestiegene Nachfrage nach Wohnraum in den Ballungsregionen und Universit瓣tsst瓣dten wurde nicht durch ein ausreichend erh繹htes Angebot ausgeglichen und f羹hrte zu steigenden Mieten. Auf Druck der Bev繹lkerung und der Medienberichterstattung wurde das Thema Teil der politischen Agenda. Dabei entwickelte sich insbesondere die erst k羹rzlich verl瓣ngerte Mietpreisbremse neben dem Mietendeckel zum viel diskutierten Punkt. Bereits zur Einf羹hrung sprach die Gro?e Koalition von Alternativlosigkeit. Kritiker sehen bis heute keine Verbesserungen, daf羹r aber erh繹hten gerichtlichen und b羹rokratischen Aufwand. Die Bereitstellung des ben繹tigten Wohnraums scheitert vielerorts an Protesten, Vorschriften und Distanz zu Investoren.
Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Diagnostic of Selected Sectors in Nepal
This publication presents a gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) analysis of priority sectors in Nepal and identifies how gender equality, social inclusion, and women's empowerment approaches can be integrated into them. The diagnostic focused on six sectors: agriculture and natural resources management, energy, skills development, urban development, transport and water, and sanitation and hygiene. It was conducted with the aim of informing the GESI initiatives of the Government of Nepal, the Asian Development Bank, and other development partners of the country.
The Theory of the Leisure Class
The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is a treatise on economics and a detailed, social critique of conspicuous consumption, as a function of social class and of consumerism, derived from the social stratification of people and the division of labour, which are social institutions of the feudal period (9th-15th c.) that have continued to the modern era.Veblen asserts that the contemporary lords of the manor, the businessmen who own the means of production, have employed themselves in the economically unproductive practices of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure, which are useless activities that contribute neither to the economy nor to the material production of the useful goods and services required for the functioning of society, while it is the middle class and the working class who are usefully employed in the industrialised, productive occupations that support the whole of society.Conducted in the late 19th century, Veblen's socio-economic analyses of the business cycles and the consequent price politics of the U.S. economy, and of the emergent division of labour, by technocratic speciality - scientist, engineer, technologist, etc. - proved to be accurate, sociological predictions of the economic structure of an industrial society.The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899) presents the evolutionary development of human institutions (social and economic) that shape society, such as how the citizens earn their livelihoods, wherein technology and the industrial arts are the creative forces of economic production. That such production of goods and services was not merely the means of meeting the material needs of society, but of earning profits for the owners of the means of production. That the industrial production system required the workers (men and women) to be diligent, efficient, and co-operative, whilst the owners (businessmen and businesswomen) concerned themselves with making money and with the public display of their accumulated wealth and that such behaviours (conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure) survived from the predatory, barbarian past of the tribal stage of modern society.Originally published as The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899), the book arose from three articles that Veblen published in the American Journal of Sociology: (i) "The Beginning of Ownership" (ii) "The Barbarian Status of Women", and (iii) "The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labour" (1898-99), which presented the major themes of economics and sociology that he later developed in works such as: The Theory of Business Enterprise (1904), about how incompatible are the pursuit of profit and the making of useful goods and The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts (1914), about the fundamental conflict between the human predisposition to useful production and the societal institutions that waste the useful products of human effort.
Johor
In 1990, the Malaysian state of Johor--along with Singapore and the Indonesian island of Batam--launched the Growth Triangle to attract foreign direct investment. For Johor, this drive was very successful, transforming its economy and driving up income levels. Today, Johor is one of Malaysia's "developed" states, housing large clusters of electrical and electronics, food processing, and furniture producing firms. While welcome, this structural transformation has also entailed important challenges and strategic choices. After three decades, Johor's manufacture-for-export model is under question, as it faces increasing competition and flat-lining technological capabilities. In response, the state has sought to diversify its economy through strategic investments in new, mostly service-based activities. Yet, Johor retains pockets of excellence in traditional sectors that also require support and policy attention. The state's economic transformation has also been accompanied by far-reaching political, social, and environmental change. Not least, Johor's growing population has generated demand for affordable housing and put pressure on public services. The strain has been exacerbated by workers from other states and overseas. These demographic factors and large-scale projects have, in turn, put stress on the environment. These economic and social changes have also had political ramifications. While Johor is a bastion of two of the country's oldest and most established political parties, the state's large, urban and connected electorate has made it hospitable terrain for new political organisations. Beyond electoral politics, Johor is also the home of a powerful and influential royal family, with very specific ideas about its role in the state's political life. Building on earlier work by the ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute on the Singapore-Johor-Riau Islands Cross-border Region, this book focuses on this important Malaysian state, as it deals with important domestic challenges on one hand and strives to engage with international markets on the other. "I have always felt that there are many more complementarities possible between Singapore and Johor. This would be to the benefit of both economies, but the political division between the two was just too great. The two economies lived adjacent but separate lives--Singapore looking out to the world and Johor looking north--until initiatives such as the Iskandar Malaysia development corridor began to change things significantly. The concern now is that the pendulum may have swung too much the other way, driven by the huge income and price differentials as well as Singapore's global city status. Francis and Serina's compilation is a welcomed attempt at understanding Johor in a much more comprehensive manner; not just its changing economy but how its politics and society have been impacted by these changes - which is a more endogenized view of economic integration." -- Dr Nungsari Ahmad Radhi, former MP Balik Palau and Executive Director, Khazanah Nasional "Drawing on the expertise of internationally known specialists, this insightful collection explores the multiple ways in which Johor's economic development has influenced the contemporary political scene, and the effects on local society and the environment. Skillfully edited and meticulously researched, Johor: Abode of Development? is not merely required reading for anyone interested in contemporary Malaysia, but will be of immense value to historians of the future."--Barbara Watson Andaya, Professor of Asian Studies, University of Hawai'i
The Contemporary Challenges of African Development
In 1963 there was a French agronomist named Ren矇 Dumont who published a book: False start in Africa in this book it explains the economic and development difficulties that Africa was facing so since then what is the real situation of Africa today? The book is a theory-led conceptual account of the contemporary challenges that face African Development and the factors that may interact and influence at the interface of Africa development. African natural resources play vital roles in the world economic by providing the raw materials that most of the industrialized countries need for manufacturing goods and supplying services in every sector for economic growth and well-being. How come that Africa which is full of these natural resources can be the poorest continent? Africa has steadily engaged in the challenges of the twenty-first century, which began at the beginning of liberalization, which has increased economic integration, even for less developed countries or LDCs to benefit. However, there are questions about the capabilities of countries belonging LDC, especially Africa, which has cast doubt on the continent's economic progress and development. The growing list of number of key considerations and aspects that Africa needs to deal with is seemed to be impossible to know what to start.
Grand Agenda 2021 Semainier
Agenda 2021Janvier ? d矇cembre 2021Taille environ A41 semaine sur 2 pagesAper癟u annuelTableaux emploi du tempsNotesContacts
Alto Agile - Pars Destruens
Gli eventi degli ultimi anni con l'ascesa di movimenti genericamente chiamati populisti, ha evidenziato un malcontento profondo, trasversale e al momento ancora silenzioso che non 癡 stato intercettato, capito e quindi ascoltato n矇 dalla politica n矇 dalla cultura e ancor meno dalla classe dirigente nel suo insieme. Questo malessere 癡 conseguenza di un processo di globalizzazione della societ? incontrollato che ha provocato una crescente diseguaglianza tra la classe pi羅 agiata e quella meno abbiente oltre a provocare danni sociali e ambientali che ora si iniziano a comprendere. Solo con una visione nuova di governo della globalizzazione potranno nascere movimenti credibili come forza di governo convincendo e rassicurando quella parte della societ? civile che percepisce le storture del sistema attuale ma non vede nei populismi la risposta a questi mali. Il presente manifesto vuole proporre insieme un'analisi della situazione attuale scevra da ideologie precostituite, una visione a cui tendere ed infine un metodo per elaborare ed attuare un programma che renda possibile questa visione a lungo termine della societ?.
Domain Conditions and Social Rationality
This book primarily focuses on the domain conditions under which a number of important classes of binary social decision rules give rise to rational social preferences. One implication of the Arrow and Gibbard theorems is that every non-oligarchic social decision rule that satisfies the condition of independence of irrelevant alternatives, a requirement crucial for the unambiguity of social choices, and the weak Pareto criterion fails to generate quasi-transitive social preferences for some configurations of individual preferences. The problem is exemplified by the famous voting paradox associated with the majority rule. Thus, in the context of rules that do not give rise to transitive (quasi-transitive) social preferences for every configuration of individual preferences, an important problem is that of formulating Inada-type necessary and sufficient conditions for transitivity (quasi-transitivity). This book formulates conditions for transitivity and quasi-transitivity for several classes of social decision rules, including majority rules, non-minority rules, Pareto-inclusive non-minority rules, and social decision rules that are simple games. It also analyzes in detail the conditions for transitivity and quasi-transitivity under the method of the majority decision, and derives the maximally sufficient conditions for transitivity under the class of neutral and monotonic binary social decision rules and one of its subclasses. The book also presents characterizations of some of the classes of rules for which domain conditions have been derived. The material covered is relevant to anyone interested in studying the structure of voting rules, particularly those interested in social choice theory. Providing the necessary social choice theoretic concepts, definitions, propositions and theorems, the book is essentially self-contained. The treatment throughout is rigorous, and unlike most of the literature on domain conditions, care is taken regarding the number of individuals in the 'necessity' proofs. As such it is an invaluable resource for students of economics and political science, with takeaways for everyone - from first-year postgraduates to more advanced doctoral students and scholars.
Fetishism and the Theory of Value
This book demonstrates the continuing relevance of Marx's critique of the capitalist system, in which value is simply equated with market price. It includes chapters specifically on the environment and financialisation, and presents Marx's qualitative theory of value and the associated concept of fetishism in a clear and comprehensive manner. Section I demonstrates how fetishism developed in Marx's writing from a journalistic metaphor to an analytical device central to his critique. In Section II, commodity fetishism is distinguished from other forms: of money, capital and interest-bearing capital. There follows an analysis of Marx's complex attempt to distinguish his argument from that of Ricardo, and Samuel Bailey. The section ends with a discussion of the ontological status of value: as a social rather than a natural phenomenon. Section III considers the merits of understanding value by analogy with language, and critically assesses the merits of structural Marxism. Section IV challenges Marx's emphasis solely on production, and considers also exchange and consumption as social relations. Section V critically assesses recent Marx-inspired literature relating to the two key crises of our time, finance and the environment, and identifies strong similarities between the key analytical questions that have been debated in each case.
From Red to Green?
Written by an economist and an investment professional, this book addresses the twin crises that the world is facing in the form of a simultaneous financial and environmental credit crunch. Financially, consumers are less able to consume now, and pay later. Environmentally, we may have already reached our credit limit and the bill for past financial and environmental consumption is falling due. Whether the financial credit crunch constrains consumers in a way that will be environmentally supportive, naturally slowing the consumption of finite resources, or hinders any effective resolution of the environmental credit crunch is of crucial importance. Policy responses to the financial crisis are likely to be constrained by the political need to support the economic status quo, and when combined with a global reduction in available investment capital there are serious challenges ahead if the economic and environmental damage of the environmental credit crunch is to be minimised. This book asks whether financial crunch-induced changes in consumer behaviour will be enough to avoid, or reduce, the environmental crunch many believe is just round the corner. Donovan and Hudson combine their respective economic and environmental perspectives to address this key question, reviewing this 'tale of two crunches' from the perspective of different economic sectors. The answer to the conundrum this book poses may lie in the only unlimited resource on the planet - human ingenuity.
Implementing Codes of Conduct
Based on interviews with those involved with corporate social responsibility and global supply chains, this book provides examples and lessons-learned to companies, policy-makers and others interested in implementing their own Code of Conduct or who are actively involved in this field.
The Evolutionary Limits of Liberalism
This book assesses the evolutionary sustainability of liberalism. The book's central claim is that liberal institutions ultimately weaken their social groups in the evolutionary process of inter-group competition. In this sense, institutions relying on the liberal satisfaction of preferences reveal maladaptive tendencies. Based on the model of multilevel selection, this work appraises the capacity of liberal democracy and free markets to satisfy preferences. In particular, the book re-evaluates public choice theory's classic postulate that free markets are a suitable alternative to the shortcomings of western liberal democracies regarding preference satisfaction. Yet, the book concludes that free markets are not a solution to the problems of liberal democracy because both market and democratic liberal institutions rest on the liberal satisfaction of preferences, an ethic which hurts group evolutionary fitness. This volume is of interest to political theorists, evolutionary ethicists, political economists and to general readers interested in the future of liberalism.
UK Business and Financial Cycles Since 1660
This book is the first of two volumes that aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the key data and techniques necessary for analysing the historical behaviour of business and financial cycles in the United Kingdom. Drawing on an extensive secondary literature and the considerable body of historical macroeconomic and financial time series data that exist for the United Kingdom, the two volumes will review the key features of historical recessions and recoveries over the course of three and a half centuries. Volume 1 provides an overview of UK business cycles since 1660. The first part of the book considers old and new theories of the business cycle, looking at the impulses that generate business cycles and the propagation mechanisms that determine their duration and amplitude. The second part of the book uses the latest historical estimates of GDP to look at different ways of measuring and estimating business cycle fluctuations within a simple univariate framework. Finally, the book provides a narrative of UK economic fluctuations since 1660 using a whole range of economic data to shed light on the main drivers of cyclical behaviour. It concludes by highlighting areas for future research especially with regard to the link between business and financial cycles, some of which will be explored in Volume 2.
Singapurs ”Midlife-Krise”
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, L瓣nderstudien, Note: 1,50, Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Gr羹ndung des Staates Singapurs und der entsprechenden Abspaltung von Malaysien im Jahr 1965 f羹hrte zu grundlegenden ?nderungen f羹r Singapur. In den letzten 50 Jahren schaffte Singapur den Aufstieg von einem Dritte-Welt-Land zu einer globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmetropole. Besonders bis zum Jahr 2012 erzielte Singapur eines der h繹chsten Bruttoinlandsprodukte pro Kopf. Seither scheinen die M繹glichkeiten von Singapur etwas ersch繹pft. Das exportgetriebene Wirtschaftsmodell wird an seine Grenzen getrieben. Die Regierung setzte alles auf das Wirtschaftswachstum von Singapur, daneben bestehen allerdings demographische Probleme, eine alternde Population und eine geringe Geburtenrate. Es ergibt sich f羹r den Staat somit eine Abh瓣ngigkeit von ausl瓣ndischen Arbeitskr瓣ften. Der Wettbewerb erh繹ht sich in einfachen Lebenssituationen wie beispielsweise in der Bildung und bei Unterk羹nften bei einer gleichzeitigen Verschlechterung des Einkommens. W瓣hrend sich die Premierminister streiten, ob sich Singapur in einer Midlife-Krise befindet, meint der Vorsitzende der EDB es g瓣be keine Krise, sondern nur einen ?bergang, da man sich in einer schwierigen Phase bef瓣nde. Die zentrale Frage lautet daher: Mit welchen Ma?nahmen kann Singapur diese Midlife-Krise beziehungsweise schwierige Phase nachhaltig 羹berwinden, um wieder ein hohes Wirtschaftswachstum zu haben? Ein hohes BIP ist seit jeher ein Indikator f羹r Wirtschaftswachstum in einer Region. Singapur konnte sich 羹ber mehrere Jahre hindurch stets 羹ber ein hohes BIP, mit einem H繹hepunkt von 14,8% im Jahr 2010, freuen. 2012 sah die Situation pl繹tzlich anders aus, da man mit einem niedrigen BIP von 1,3% konfrontiert war. Der Staat stand nun vor der Herausforderung, Wirtschaftswachstum auf eine andere Weise als bisher sicherzustellen. Um auf die verschiedensten M繹glichkeiten, wie das erre
Die Veblen- und Snob Effekte
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,7, FOM Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, M羹nchen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel der Arbeit ist das Herausarbeiten, sowie Pr瓣sentieren der Unterschiede des Snob-Effekts und des Veblen-Effekts als abnormale Nachfrageverhalten. Zun瓣chst wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit auf die Grundlegenden Begrifflichkeiten der Nachfrage eingegangen. Im Anschluss werden die Veblen- und Snob-Effekte analysiert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgen eine Gegen羹berstellung und ein direkter Vergleich der beiden Effekte. Abschlie?end werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und analysierten Unterschiede oder Gemeinsamkeiten im Rahmen einer Gegen羹berstellung in einem Fazit nochmals kurz und b羹ndig vorgestellt. Angebot und Nachfrage spielen in einer Volkswirtschaft eine existenzielle Rolle. Auf beide nehmen diverse und je nach Modell und Betrachtungsweise die unterschiedlichsten Faktoren Einfluss. So ist die Nachfrage selbst durch sowohl exogene und endogene Faktoren und Pr瓣ferenzen beeinflusst und unterliegt gleichwohl gewissen Gesetzm瓣?igkeiten des Marktes. Vor allem in der globalisierten und internationalisierten Welt gewinnen immer mehr Einfl羹sse an Gewichtung. Schon lange ist nicht nur der Konsum zur Befriedigung von Grundbed羹rfnissen Untersuchungsgegenstand vieler ?konomen. So haben Konsum und Nachfrage zur Sicherung eines Status, oder der eigenen Einzigartigkeit gehalten in Literatur und Wirtschaft, d.h. von der Norm abweichende Nachfragemuster und -verhaltensweisen, die dem Gesetz der Nachfrage nicht mehr nur Rechnung tragen. Zwei dieser abnormalen Nachfrage-Effekte sind zum einen der Veblen-Effekt und zum anderen der Snob-Effekt.
The Market Process
"The Market Process" presents a series of important and innovative articles written by economists of the Austrian school. Covering the gamut of economic issues, including equilibrium theory, free banking, public choice, and the problems of contemporary social reform, the book is an ideal introduction to the diversity of contemporary Austrian economics and its innovative trajectory of research in the late 20th century.Drawing upon essays published in the journal "Market Process" during the 1980s, this book reflects an extended dialogue over the value and limitations of Austrian economics. It makes available to a wider audience contributions by some of the leading figures in the field. At the cutting edge of interdisciplinary research, it incorporates the latest developments in areas overlooked by neoclassical economists, including process analysis, methodological subjectivism, and phenomenological hermeneutics.This book should be of interest to all those who seek an alternative to formal, neoclassical economics, as well as other researchers in the social sciences who study exchange processes. In addition, it will be of general interest to Austrian and public choice economists as well as historians of economic thought.
Ursachen und Gr羹nde f羹r das Verh瓣ltnis direkter und indirekter Steuern in der EU
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 2,0, Otto-Friedrich-Universit瓣t Bamberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit werden die direkten und indirekten Steuern in der EU analysiert. Zun瓣chst werden die Begriffe definiert, die aktuelle Situation betrachtet und das Verh瓣ltnis der direkten und indirekten Steuern in der EU erarbeitet. Darauffolgend werden die Ursachen und Gr羹nde f羹r die unterschiedlichen Steuerverh瓣ltnisse in der EU analysiert. Unsere heutige globalisierte Welt ist charakterisiert durch den technologischen Wandel und Digitalisierung sowie einem enormen Wettbewerbs- und Konkurrenzdruck. Auf internationaler Basis h瓣lt sich die EU durch den europ瓣ischen Binnenmarkt, welcher mit ca. 500 Millionen Einwohnern den gr繹?ten Binnenmarkt weltweit darstellt, konkurrenzf瓣hig. Um die Funktionalit瓣t des Binnenmarktes gew瓣hren zu k繹nnen, mussten auf EU-Ebene sowie auf Mitgliedstaaten-Ebene Standards festgelegt und Anforderungen gestellt werden, wozu auch Steuern und steuerliche Anpassungen geh繹ren. Teil dessen sind die direkten und indirekten Steuern, von denen jeder EU-B羹rger beeinflusst wird und die jeweiligen Auswirkungen wahrnehmen kann. Bei genauerer Betrachtung ist zu erkennen, dass sich innerhalb der EU deutliche Unterschiede auf dieser Ebene entwickelt haben, vor allem im Vergleich der alten EU-Staaten und derer, die erst ab 2004 durch die EU-Osterweiterung aufgenommen wurden. Daher stellt sich die Frage, was die Ursachen und vor allem welche Motive die neuen EU-Staaten f羹r die Einsetzung der direkten und indirekten Steuern in diesem Verh瓣ltnis haben?
An Economic Analysis of Korea-Eu Fta and Japan-Eu EPA
This monograph compares two trade agreements among three important economic regions, namely, the Korea-EU free trade agree (FTA) and the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). The two new types of agreements came into effect in the 2010s. They not only create more favorable trade and economic conditions in these regions but also produce spillover effects to bring about more comprehensive conditions in other area. First, the quantitative research for both agreements using the CGE model and a tentative analysis of the Japan-EU EPA in the analysis show that both have already created positive impacts on all three economies by lifting or reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Such positive impacts are also expected to be felt by SMEs in these countries that are involved. Additionally, the high level of tariff and non-tariff liberalization in the two current agreements will make positive impacts on the negotiation of other FTAs and on WTO reform. The advantages of the FTAand EPA dealt with in this book are not restricted to these economic effects. As the agreements are comprehensive, they will create more favorable social conditions not only in these economic regions but in other areas of Asia as well.
Globalization and the Rise of Mass Education
This edited collection explores the historical determinants of the rise of mass schooling and human capital accumulation based on a global, long-run perspective, focusing on a variety of countries in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa and the Americas. The authors analyze the increasing importance attached to globalization as a factor in how social, institutional and economic change shapes national and regional educational trends. Although recent research in economic history has increasingly devoted more attention to global forces in shaping the institutions and fortunes of different world regions, the link and contrast between national education policies and the forces of globalization remains largely under-researched within the field. The globalization of the world economy, starting in the nineteenth century, brought about important changes that affected school policy itself, as well as the process of long-term human capital accumulation. Large migrations prompted brain drain and gain across countries, alongside rapid transformations in the sectoral composition of the economy and demand for skills. Ideas on education and schooling circulated more easily, bringing about relevant changes in public policy, while the changing political voice of winners and losers from globalization determined the path followed by public choice. Similarly, religion and the spread of missions came to play a crucial role for the rise of schooling globally.
Globalization and Sustainable Growth in China
This book is on globalization and sustainable growth in China. Thanks to the market-oriented policy reforms initiated in the late 1970s, China has achieved spectacular economic growth over the past several decades, and its economic structure has experienced great transformation. In the meantime, in the general context of globalization, the whole country has also gradually opened up to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy to a major trading nation and the largest developing-country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. In the first three chapters of this book, we investigate the potential and actual mechanisms and channels through which globalization, especially openness to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, affects industrial development and growth disparities in China. The current wave of globalization has encouraged economic growth in the world economy and affected all sides of international economic involvement. In the next four chapters of the book, we study China and the world economy. We first join the line of research on the trade frictions between China and the United States, including an analytical chapter on trade imbalance and protectionist policy, and an empirical chapter on business cycle synchronization between China and the US. A chapter on growth cycles in the BRICS is also included to explore growth and trade linkages among these five emerging market economies. A new "conventional wisdom" on globalization is that trade and financial openness do not lead to higher economic growth by themselves, in the absence of institutional reforms. Motivated by the Chinese experience, we develop an analytical framework in the last chapter to examine the case of growth targeting in China and draw policy implication for LDCs on how to achieve positive and sustainable economic growth. This book provides the readers with new facts and new findings that shed light on their understanding of globalization and sustainable growth in China.
A Handbook of Primary Commodities in the Global Economy
The dramatic price falls of 2014-2015 marked the end of the most powerful and enduring commodity boom since the Second World War. Now in its third edition, this book acts as a guide to the ins and outs of the primary commodity universe. Updates to this edition reflect on the consequences of both China's economic slowdown as its industrialization enters a new, less commodity demanding phase, and changes in the USA's trade policy under the Trump administration. Additionally, this edition takes into account recent developments in world oil markets and examines the effects of increased climate concerns. The authors introduce and explain pertinent issues surrounding international commodity markets such as the global geography of raw materials, price formation, price trends, the role of commodity exchanges, the threat of depletion, cartel action, state ownership, emerging commodity nationalism and more.
Microeconomics for Public Decisions
Microeconomics for Public Decisions is a core textbook that covers essential microeconomic principles and applies them to public decisions. It can and has been used without additional materials. The text provides a systematic treatment of fundamentals such as supply, demand, market processes, utility, and costs. It also provides extensive coverage of topics that concern the public sector, such efficiency and equity, welfare economics, monopolies, externalities, public goods, risk and uncertainty, and cost-benefit analysis. While the text is targeted for master's level graduate students and upper-division undergraduate students, it is suitable for other levels, and does not require prior coursework in economics or calculus. Even students with a background in economics will find much of the material novel. The text blends theory with applications, so students will develop a solid understanding of both microeconomics and its appropriate use. Students will also learn to evaluate the economic arguments of different choices, and the broader impacts of decisions on society.
Bitcoin
Eine Einf羹hrung in die Krypto-W瓣hrungswelt der M繹glichkeiten und finanziellen Gelegenheiten..."Gl羹ck ist, was passiert, wenn Vorbereitung auf Gelegenheit trifft." - Seneca Beginnen Sie Ihre Vorbereitung, indem Sie mehr 羹ber Bitcoin und die Blockchain-Technologie erfahren, die Bitcoins finanzielle Revolution unterst羹tzt. Finanzielle M繹glichkeiten in Krypto-W瓣hrungen und den um sie herum entstehenden Industrien sind unvermeidlich. Seien Sie derjenige mit dem Wissen, diese Chancen nicht nur zu erkennen, sondern auch zu nutzen. Dieses Buch ist Ihr erster Schritt in die Zukunft des Reichtums.Hier ist eine Vorschau auf das, was Sie lernen werden...Was ist Bitcoin?Warum ist Bitcoin besonders?Wer kontrolliert Bitcoin?Kann jeder meinen und ist es profitabel?Investitionen in BitcoinBitcoin SicherheitBlockchainMuch, viel, viel mehr!Kaufen deines Exemplars heute! Tags: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Kryptow瓣hrungen, Blockchain, Cryptoassets, Internet of money
?lparadies am Persischen Golf?
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Au?enhandelstheorie, Au?enhandelspolitik, Note: 2,3, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit werden die Chancen und Risiken des Erd繹lhandels am Beispiel der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate analysiert. Zun瓣chst werden dessen Vor- und Nachteile skizziert. Um Entwicklungen und Auswirkungen in Relation setzen zu k繹nnen, stellt der Autor den Bezug zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland her. Anschlie?end folgt eine Betrachtung des Themas "Nachhaltigkeit im Finanzdienstleistungssektor". Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei vor allem die Angebote von nachhaltigen Geldanlagen und Investments von Banken. Der Frage: "Bedeutet nachhaltig auch wirklich nachhaltig?" soll dabei unter anderem auf den Grund gegangen werden. Am Ende dieser Arbeit werden nochmals die Chancen und Risiken sowie die daraus folgenden Erkenntnisse des Erd繹lhandels gegen羹bergestellt.
Das Corona-Konjunkturpaket der Gro?en Koalition. Eine vergleichende Verschuldungsanalyse
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,0, Hochschule f羹r angewandte Wissenschaften M羹nchen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Studienarbeit untersucht Dominik Stojkovic die beiden einflussreichsten Denkschulen der Geld- bzw. Schuldenpolitik. Vertreter der progressiven Schule, insbesondere Oliver Blanchard, argumentieren, dass eine strukturell hohe Staatsverschuldung kein gro?es Risiko darstellt. Dem gegen羹ber steht der konservative Ansatz, dessen prominentester Vertreter, Kenneth Rogoff, die Notwendigkeit des Schuldenabbaus proklamiert. Im Lichte der Corona-Schuldendebatte, die zu diesem Zeitpunkt in der Europ瓣ischen Union brandaktuell war, diskutiert der Autor die beiden gegens瓣tzlichen Ans瓣tze kritisch mit Bezug auf das Konjunkturpaket der Gro?en Koalition. Stojkovic kommt zu dem Schluss, dass Blanchards Theorie, so schmeichelhaft sie auch sein mag, kein universeller L繹sungsansatz ist. Die aktuellen Realzinsen f羹r Staatsanleihen liegen in vielen L瓣ndern zwar tats瓣chlich unter dem realen Wirtschaftswachstum. Schulden sind jedoch nie ohne Risiko zu haben - auch nicht in Zeiten extrem niedriger Zinss瓣tze. Sie sind notwendig, um Volkswirtschaften aus Krisen zu f羹hren, sollten aber immer gut 羹berlegt aufgenommen und verantwortungsbewusst verwaltet werden, denn eine Patentformel f羹r die optimale Schuldenquote gibt es nicht. Eine Arbeit, die auch 羹ber die Corona-Krise hinaus ihre Aktualit瓣t beh瓣lt.
Die Umweltplakette als wirtschaftspolitisches Instrument
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,0, FOM Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Frankfurt fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, herauszufinden ob die eingef羹hrte Umweltplakette eine positive Auswirkung auf die Feinstaub-Konzentration aus羹bt. Ebenso inwieweit sich die Schadstoffwerte innerhalb einer Umweltzone verbessern und in welchem gesundheitlichen und monet瓣ren Umfang Wirtschaftssubjekte betroffen werden. Hierzu werden zun瓣chst technologische externe Effekte erl瓣utert und welcher Theorie diese zugrunde liegen. Durch die unterschiedlichen Gr繹?en der Feinstaubpartikel, ergeben sich mehr Gefahrenpotenziale f羹r die Gesundheit. Denn es gilt, umso kleiner ein Partikel ist, umso eher besteht die Gefahr, dass dieser tief in den K繹rper eindringen und massive Sch瓣den verursachen kann. Besonders ultrafeine Partikel, wie sie zum Beispiel durch Ru? in Dieselmotoren entstehen, sind als krebserregend eingestuft. Neben den massiven gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen b羹?t das globale Klima auch einen hohen Schaden ein. Durch eine unvollst瓣ndige Verbrennung von fossilen Brennstoffen entstehen feine schwarze Ru?partikel, die an Pole und Gletscher gelangen, dort Eisschichten verdunkeln und das Sonnenlicht absorbieren. Dies beschleunigt das Abschmelzen der Eisschichten.
