Mining Association Rules Between Credits in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction Green Building Asssessment System
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Building Assessment System is a performance-based tool for determining the environmental impact of a facility from the whole-building perspective. Taking this vision into account, the individual credits that comprise LEED are designed to reward design teams for employing sustainable design strategies that reduce the total environmental impact across several sustainability issues. This study analyzed projects that have been certified in LEED for New Construction (LEED-NC) versions 2.0 and 2.1. Data on the credits achieved by the projects were mined using the Apriori algorithm which produced 641 association rules. These results were then subjectively reduced to the 24 most synergistic credit combinations and were subsequently identified as credit bundles. This study provided insight into credit interplay and its effect on high-scoring sustainable design strategies. Additionally, it shows that no one strategy is systematically employed by sustainable design professionals in the pursuit of LEED certification. This research lays the foundation for the application of data mining techniques to future LEED data sets. Finally, the revealed credit bundles support the assertion that LEED is a tool that rewards whole-building design and reinforces the perception that integrated design teams are a critical element in successful LEED project delivery.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Architecture Of The Middle Ages. (remarks On)
"Architecture Of The Middle Ages" explores the unique architectural styles and building techniques prevalent during this transformative period of European history. Robert Willis offers insightful remarks on the distinguishing features of medieval structures, focusing on the evolution of architectural forms and their cultural significance. This book provides a valuable overview of the key developments in medieval architecture, making it an essential resource for students, historians, and anyone interested in understanding the architectural heritage of the Middle Ages.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Building Code; a Compilation of Building Regulations Covering Every Phase of Municipal Building Activity With Special Emphasis on Fire Preventive Features
"Building Code; a Compilation of Building Regulations Covering Every Phase of Municipal Building Activity With Special Emphasis on Fire Preventive Features" offers a comprehensive overview of early 20th-century building regulations. Compiled by the American School of Correspondence (Chicago) and F.W. Fitzpatrick, this volume provides detailed insights into the standards and practices governing construction during a period of significant urban development. The book emphasizes fire prevention, reflecting the concerns of the era. It serves as a valuable historical resource for architects, civil engineers, and legal professionals interested in the evolution of building codes and their impact on municipal planning and safety. This compilation captures a pivotal moment in the development of modern construction standards.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Field Guide to Colorado's Historic Architecture and Engineering
The Colorado State Publications Library (CoSPL) was established by the General Assembly in 1980 as a part of the Colorado State Library and the Colorado Department of Education. The mission of the library is to provide Colorado residents with permanent public access to information produced by state government. The state publications are valuable sources of information published by Colorado state agencies that include annual reports, budgets, planning reports, consumer information, legislative reports and directories. The publications cover a wide variety of topics including health, business, education, crime, agriculture, mining, employment, taxes, water quality, wildlife and the environment. This publication is one in this collection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Designing Trans-Generational Urban Communities
This book examines the inclusiveness of city planning and design to address gaps in policies, strategies and design guidelines for developing trans-generational urban communities in India. Identifying key factors and measurable indicators of trans-generational cities within social, physical, and economic dimensions, the volume highlights the need for establishing age-friendly and child-friendly cities and communities. Through a systematic process of ground data collection, the book explores issues related to health, daily routine, lifestyle, recreation, and socialization within vulnerable groups, considering their physical and cognitive limitations for framing adaptable policies. The volume integrates a bottom-up and top-down approach by integrating the needs and perception of the target group obtained from extensive groundwork with the available theories and literature in allied fields adopting a step-by step synchronized methodology. It also presents the way forward for framing policies focusing on socio-economic security, participation, dignity, care, and self-fulfillment.Offering rich empirical research, this book will be useful for students, teachers and researchers of architecture, urban design, urban geography, urban studies, urban development and planning, and child psychology. It will also be of interest to urban planners and designers, policy planners, local government authorities and professionals engaged in the discipline.
Symbolism, Cognition and Communication in Architecture
This book discusses the role and significance of symbols and symbolism in graphical communication toward the establishment of meaningful architecture. It explores how these are effectively applied in architectural education for the empowerment of learners in various cultures around the world. The volume examines the developments in graphic representations while recognizing the importance of cognition and its perception in spatial terms. In a scenario where architectural education is at crossroads, facing challenges of a global nature, this book highlights the importance of understanding architectural curriculum and design subjects. The author discusses the issues of communicating the knowledge of architecture to heterogeneous groups of students and explains how design fields and learning in architecture can be modified through cognitive instructional methods. The book outlines the methodology to develop symbols and symbolic pedagogical tools for effective communication in architecture. The book will appeal to students, researchers, teachers and scholars of architecture, design, planning and visual communication. It will also be of interest to architects, artists, spatial designers, town planners, urban planners and professionals.
Indigenous Architecture in India
This volume focuses on socio-spatial practices of indigenous communities in India. It explores the interrelation between the built environments and lifeworlds, i.e. practices, patterns, and structures of everyday life.
Urban Futures
This book explores the built environment through aspects of spatial planning, ecology, infrastructure, and urban identity. By presenting case studies from both developed and developing nations, the chapters reveal the interconnectedness of urban spaces with socio-economic and cultural dynamics, in addition to ecology and the environment.Urban areas and cities are key players in boosting economic development and enhancing social welfare. Nonetheless, the swift pace of urbanisation presents intricate challenges and obstacles in creating inclusive, sustainable, and resilient living spaces that are modern and capable of accommodating the growing needs of urban populations. This book probes various issues, interventions, and designs from diverse cities, diving into the specifics of sector-related concerns and new insights pertaining to land use planning and its implications, urban design frameworks, green and blue infrastructure, informal settlements, sustainability through resource conservation, transportation modelling, waste management, and ultimately, the image of the city.This book will be advantageous and appealing to students and researchers involved in the built environment, urban planning and design, heritage and vernacular identity, infrastructure, nature-based solutions, and urban studies. It will also attract the attention of professionals and policymakers associated with these fields who are engaged in shaping urban futures.
Urban Futures
This book explores the built environment through aspects of spatial planning, ecology, infrastructure, and urban identity. By presenting case studies from both developed and developing nations, the chapters reveal the interconnectedness of urban spaces with socio-economic and cultural dynamics, in addition to ecology and the environment.Urban areas and cities are key players in boosting economic development and enhancing social welfare. Nonetheless, the swift pace of urbanisation presents intricate challenges and obstacles in creating inclusive, sustainable, and resilient living spaces that are modern and capable of accommodating the growing needs of urban populations. This book probes various issues, interventions, and designs from diverse cities, diving into the specifics of sector-related concerns and new insights pertaining to land use planning and its implications, urban design frameworks, green and blue infrastructure, informal settlements, sustainability through resource conservation, transportation modelling, waste management, and ultimately, the image of the city.This book will be advantageous and appealing to students and researchers involved in the built environment, urban planning and design, heritage and vernacular identity, infrastructure, nature-based solutions, and urban studies. It will also attract the attention of professionals and policymakers associated with these fields who are engaged in shaping urban futures.
The London and Country Builder's Vade Mecum, or, The Complete and Universal Estimator
"The London and Country Builder's Vade Mecum, or, The Complete and Universal Estimator" is a comprehensive guide to building prices and practices in 18th-century England. Detailing the costs associated with various trades-bricklayers, masons, carpenters, joiners, and more-this volume offers invaluable insight into the economic aspects of construction during the period. It serves as a practical reference for builders, architects, and anyone interested in the historical economics of the building trades. Originally published in 1773, this meticulously detailed estimator provides a window into the materials, labor, and craftsmanship that shaped the built environment of London and the surrounding countryside. With contributions from William Salmon, John Green, and others, this book remains a significant resource for understanding the construction industry of the late 18th century.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufgs 04 01 00.91
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) are a joint effort of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (HQ AFCESA), the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (HQ AFCEE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). UFGS are for use in specifying construction for the military services. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Slate Tables
"Slate Tables" by Horatio N. Stafford is a practical guide designed for slaters, quarrymen, architects, and dealers. This comprehensive resource provides invaluable information and practical instructions for those unfamiliar with slate roofing. The book exhibits over thirty sizes of roofing slates, clearly showing the surface area covered in squares and feet. This detailed presentation helps professionals accurately estimate materials and plan their projects. "Slate Tables" is an essential reference for anyone involved in the slate industry, offering precise data and guidance for efficient and effective slate roofing practices.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Organizing Residential Utilities
Utility systems are everywhere in the home. What were once major innovations - central heating, hot and cold running water, and electric lights - have become so commonplace as to be taken for granted. In fact, the network of utilities (pipes, wires, and ducts) in the home is now relatively simple compared to those in some of the other environments that people occupy - airplanes, ships, cars, etc. Although the systems in the home are comparatively uncomplicated, their installation involves inefficient, labor-intensive processes that would not be tolerated in other products and industries, such as those mentioned above. Utilities are run almost haphazardly through the walls of stick-built homes, sometimes compromising structure and insulating integrity, and always making repair and modification difficult. In the future, utilities will inevitably become more complicated as homes become centers of work, learning, communication, entertainment, preventative health care, and distributed energy production. The new utility systems that emerge to meet these functions will likely include advanced control systems, LED or fiber-optic lighting, wireless and wired data networks, additional fire safety plumbing, building-integrated photovoltaics, and ubiquitous low-cost sensors for security, health, comfort, etc. Existing utility systems can also be expected to expand. Conventional entangled processes will increase the complexity and cost of construction, and could inhibit the introduction of new utility systems. Furthermore, new building technologies and construction techniques have the potential to compound the problem: utility entanglement could become a major roadblock to innovation in home construction.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Ufgs 04 01 00.91
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) are a joint effort of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (HQ AFCESA), the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (HQ AFCEE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). UFGS are for use in specifying construction for the military services. This is one of those documents.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Recent English Domestic Architecture
Recent English Domestic Architecture, Volume 1, by Mervyn Edmund Macartney, offers a detailed survey of the architectural trends in early 20th-century England. This volume showcases a variety of residential designs, providing valuable insights into the styles, materials, and construction techniques of the period. Featuring numerous photographs and architectural drawings, the book documents the aesthetic and functional aspects of homes built during this era. It serves as an essential resource for architects, historians, and anyone interested in the evolution of English domestic architecture and design. Macartney's meticulous documentation captures a pivotal moment in architectural history, making this work a significant contribution to the field.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Specifications; a Practical System for Writing Specifications for Buildings
"Specifications; a Practical System for Writing Specifications for Buildings" by W. Frank Bower, originally published in 1896, offers a comprehensive guide to creating detailed and effective specifications for building projects. This vintage manual delves into the essential elements of architectural and construction documentation, providing insights into the language, structure, and content required for clear communication between architects, contractors, and suppliers. Bower's work emphasizes precision and thoroughness, addressing various aspects of building materials, construction methods, and quality standards. While reflecting the practices of the late 19th century, the book provides valuable historical context and foundational knowledge relevant to contemporary architectural studies and preservation efforts. It is a testament to the enduring importance of well-crafted specifications in ensuring the successful execution of building projects.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Licht Tanz / Light Dance
What is between us ? Between us and the universe ? Between everything ? Quantum physicists, astronomers and astrophysicists teach that there is something between all and everything - a world far from physical laws as so far 罈untouched reality竄 and 罈infinite sea of energy of multidimensional implicit order竄. ... To sense this in-between as a web of boundlessly flowing vibrations of light in immanent beauty - in frozen snapshots of its hitherto invisible self - on our planet earth, as outside of it: in places of devotion, of nature, as of the city, at the level of the quantum, as in the filaments of our universe - this is the contribution of this enquiry. ...竄
Earth 2035
Earth2035 is a compelling and visionary nonfiction work exploring humanity's role in the survival of Earth and its ecosystems. Through a philosophical and scientific lens, the book presents the challenges facing our planet-climate change, overpopulation, unsustainable growth, pollution, and biodiversity loss-while proposing intelligent, actionable solutions through global cooperation. Using the unique concept of the "Logic of Scale," the author urges readers to understand their role in succession, sustainability, and intelligent choice-making. This is not just a book; it is a call to action for the sake of future generations and the survival of life as we know it.
The Smart and Resilient City
While advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and data infrastructures offer solutions for improving urban management and quality of life a priori, they also raise major challenges and risks. This book explores the constituent dimensions of the so-called smart city from two singular angles: the new uses stimulated by innovations and the needs that these innovations fill (mobility, food, culture, tourism, housing, etc.). Based on research carried out by the CitUs International Chair in collaboration with the cities of Montpellier and Montreal, The Smart and Resilient City explores the impact of digital, ecological and social transformations on urban management and the lives of city dwellers. It provides essential and engaging reading for the academic community in cities in transition, helping public and private decision-makers to develop new territorial projects that combine innovation with individual and collective well-being.
Trees, Time, Architecture!
Argues that the use of living trees in contemporary architecture can help cities adapt to climate change. Trees, Time, Architecture! marks an evolutionary step from shaping objects towards designing processes. The volume brings together a variety of views on the relationship between trees and architecture, urban spaces, modernism, politics, feminism, and cultural values. This collage of historical, research-based and discourse-related perspectives looks at how trees can be preserved, used, and appreciated in the Anthropocene. It highlights historic examples of growing architecture, such as the living root bridges of the Khasi people in India, the accommodation of trees in urban housing and public spaces, novel approaches to design and construction with living trees, as well as trees as a resource for building material. The essays, photographs, memoirs, film reviews, and conversations in this book are supplemented with exemplary architectures, new research perspectives, and current designs. They illustrate dynamic processes in which trees play a key role as constantly changing organisms. They invite a transdisciplinary examination of relationships between people, trees, and architecture, as well as their rethinking and further development in our time of constant change and limited resources.
Deon
The first book on DEON Architekten explores nineteen of their buildings and projects via sketches and drawings. The archive of Lucerne-based firm DEON Architekten contains beautiful sketches and drawings in a range of techniques such as charcoal, ink, pencil, and marker, on drawing or tracing paper and on plans. Many of these sheets are collaborative works, created in dialogue-based design within the firm, with external partners, and with clients. The diversity is vast and sometimes surprising, and they all illustrate that drawing is a brilliant tool for the development of ideas. DEON Architekten uses sketches and drawings as the main lens through which it explores the firm's work across nineteen buildings and projects. They range from a minor intervention in an existing structure to major industrial plants, from remodeling a private residence to a large housing development, from research commissions to submissions to public competitions. Divided into four chapters--Shape, Building Redevelopment, Interaction, Large Form--the volume focuses on the diverse processes that characterize the construction of architecture, the joint search for solutions, and the flow of design. Sketches and drawings are reproduced in true size and supplemented with plans, visualizations, and photographs. These lavish visuals illustrate DEON Architekten's design process and realized buildings.
Fawad Kazi Kssg - Oks
The third volume of a series on the renovation of the Swiss public hospital KSSG-OKS. Since 2011, the Swiss city of St. Gallen's public hospital KSSG-OKS has been undergoing a comprehensive rebuilding and extension program. Developed by Zurich-based firm Fawad Kazi Architekt in collaboration with the KSSG-OKS planning consortium, the vast undertaking will completely transform the site into a large, coherent building complex by 2029. This third volume of the eventually five-part monograph on this major and hugely demanding urban development project is dedicated to Haus 07A, the largest of the new buildings, which gives the entire complex a new urban face. A high-rise that mainly hosts the hospital's wards is founded on a three-story elongated base with a spacious public roof terrace and includes the main entrance to the entire hospital complex.
Architecture as Built Criticism
Explores architecture's capacity to express cultural criticism. Can architects express explicit criticism through their buildings? Is modernist housing, for example, a collective criticism of unsustainable living conditions? Can a state's embassy convey critical messages to the home and host country? The essays collected in this volume present a wide range of built criticisms. Their authors' concise analyses broaden our view of an insufficiently explored field of knowledge. The 2023 International Conference on Architectural Criticism at Shanghai's Tongji University introduced the critical positions of leading international architects and architecture firms. The debate between tradition and modernity gave rise to varied approaches, such as opposition against unstoppable progress or against autocratic family ideals.
Staten Island and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge
With the opening of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in 1964, Staten Island was changed forever.Sewers, schools, roadways, and even the politicians of New York City were not prepared for the onslaught of relocating Brooklyn residents who sought a rural lifestyle. Houses were bought as quickly as they were built. Schools were scrambling to find seats for thousands of newly arriving students. The antiquated sewer system of Staten Island could not handle the overload and there simply wasn't enough room for all of the septic tanks needed. Who were the allies or adversaries of development? Who sought to make a meaningful plan for Staten Island's future? Author Patricia Salmon examines the preparation, design, and opening of "The Bridge," as well as how it impacted the citizens of Staten Island during the next decade.
Jamestown
A highly visual and new study of the rustic and whimsical shingled houses of Jamestown, Rhode Island from the colonial era to the development of the town as a picturesque report set in a coastal landscape.Jamestown, Rhode Island, set in the shimmering waters at the entrance to Narragansett Bay, is marked by cliffs and fields looking out to the sea- a vision of paradise, a place of natural abundance and scenic beauty. For centuries, builders devised architecture that seamlessly rose from and merged back into stony coast and rolling meadows. This island is home to a timeless landscape of pastoral richness and picturesque views; its buildings a testament to those who sought their fortunes and fulfilled their fantasies, within sight of the mainland, but a world apart. In each case, there is a remarkable relationship between the island's topography and its architecture. Through maps, paintings, poetry and prose, this book illustrates the vibrant heritage of Jamestown, its role as a place of refuge and retreat through the ages, a paradise shaped by the visions and labors of its inhabitants.
Bridging the Digital Divide in the Us
The US faces a deep digital divide which cuts across both urban and rural lines, but is most marked in rural, low income, and minority communities. This book presents a multi-level governance framework which explores how local leaders use policy opportunity and community resilience to address inequity in broadband infrastructure. Cases from communities across the US are profiled to show how local and regional initiatives address the digital divide - how they harness local resources, state and federal funding, and how they navigate regulatory restrictions and financial constraints. Special attention is given to rural and Indigenous communities, where the technological, organizational, and funding challenges are greatest. The federal policy landscape for broadband is changing, and this book provides clear insights on how policy can support the people and places left behind. This book is essential for planners and those studying or working in rural development, rural studies, and community development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Bridging the Digital Divide in the Us
The US faces a deep digital divide which cuts across both urban and rural lines, but is most marked in rural, low income, and minority communities. This book presents a multi-level governance framework which explores how local leaders use policy opportunity and community resilience to address inequity in broadband infrastructure. Cases from communities across the US are profiled to show how local and regional initiatives address the digital divide - how they harness local resources, state and federal funding, and how they navigate regulatory restrictions and financial constraints. Special attention is given to rural and Indigenous communities, where the technological, organizational, and funding challenges are greatest. The federal policy landscape for broadband is changing, and this book provides clear insights on how policy can support the people and places left behind. This book is essential for planners and those studying or working in rural development, rural studies, and community development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Reinhard Gieselmann
The extensive built work of the 1925 born Reinhard Gieselmann, focussing on vernacular and church architecture, is characterized by powerfully three dimensional building and explicit material effects.
Country Houses
Country Houses: The Architecture of Mark P. Finlay grants exclusive access beyond the stone walls and the guardhouses of affluent communities across the country, and invites readers into the manicured gardens and perfectly proportioned spaces of Mark P. Finlay's clients' houses. What sort of home would you create for yourself if you could build whatever you wanted--if money, as they say, were no object? Over the course of his firm's 30-year history, American architect Mark P. Finlay has been in the privileged position of helping clients answer that very question. This first reprint and revised edition of Country Houses: The Architecture of Mark P. Finlay, originally published in 2018, showcases the dream homes Finlay has designed for some of America's wealthiest and most sophisticated families. The renowned architect and interior designer works in the United States' most storied pastoral locations, including the South Carolina lowlands, Virginia horse country, coastal New England, and the Rocky Mountains. Whether historic restorations or ground-up builds, Finlay's attention to detail and focus on fine craftsmanship make the magnificent homes look and feel as if they've lived on their sites for centuries. This beautifully presented monograph offers gorgeous photography of 12 superbly designed country residences. Each home is accompanied by an intimate, detailed architectural account that conveys Finlay's skill and passion for creating residences that telegraph a distinct sense of place and a unique appreciation for their owners' aspirations.
Refugee Camp Planning and Construction Handbook
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. The USAF was initially a part of the U.S. Army, but was formed as a separate branch of the military in 1947 under the National Security Act. Although it is the most recent branch of the U.S. Military to be formed, the USAF is the most technologically advanced air force in the world. The Air Force e-Publishing Library's mission is to provide documents for Air Force customers worldwide, and supply life-cycle management of Air Force Electronic Publishing to enable product and service delivery to the end user, regardless of media in pace and in war. The United States Air Force e-Publishing Library collection contains manuals and reports describing the procedures and protocol necessary in various situations and circumstances. Some titles in the collection include: A Manual of Civil Engineer Bare Base Development, Guide to Mobile Aircraft Arresting System Installation, and Nuclear Weapons Accident and Incident Response. This publication is part of this Air Force e-Publications collection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Building America Best Practices Series
This best practices guide is part of a series produced by Building America. The guidebook is a resource to help builders large and small build high-quality, energy-efficient homes that achieve 30% energy savings in space conditioning and water heating in the hot-dry and mixed-dry climates. The savings are in comparison with the 1993 Model Energy Code. The guide contains chapters for every member of the builder's team--from the manager to the site planner to the designers, site supervisors, the trades, and marketers. There is also a chapter for homeowners on how to use the book to provide help in selecting a new home or builder.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Handbook for Planning and Conducting Charrettes for High-Performance Projects, Ed 2
This handbook furnishes guidance for planning and conducting a high-performance building charrette, sometimes called a "greening charrette."This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Views Of All The Colleges, Halls, And Public Buildings In The University And City Of Oxford
Explore the architectural grandeur of Oxford University and its historic city with "Views Of All The Colleges, Halls, And Public Buildings In The University And City Of Oxford." This pictorial journey offers a detailed glimpse into the iconic structures that have shaped one of the world's most prestigious academic centers. From the hallowed halls of its ancient colleges to the distinguished public buildings, this collection captures the essence and beauty of Oxford's unique architectural landscape.Discover the rich heritage and enduring legacy of Oxford through its buildings, each telling a story of tradition, innovation, and scholarly pursuit. A must-have for historians, architecture enthusiasts, and anyone captivated by the timeless allure of Oxford.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Modern Tree Houses
Above the forest floor, a world of wonder awaits. Tree houses have always captured our imaginations--symbols of escapism, endless youthful summers, and a deep-rooted connection to nature. But today, they've evolved beyond childhood hideaways into architectural marvels that blend sustainability and cutting-edge design. So, climb up and explore 62 elaborate tree houses from around the world, each with its own fascinating story. With no single blueprint, they take many forms--some are anchored within towering branches, others mimic the shapes of trees, some shelter in the foliage without touching a trunk. But all have the same goal: to bring us closer to nature. This beautiful collection of self-built structures and masterpieces by world-renowned architects such as Sn繪hetta and BIG is divided into five chapters. Discover Playful Tree Houses, where kids can push the boundaries of adventure; Hideaway Tree Houses that offer secluded retreats for writers, dreamers, and solitude-seekers; Observation Tree Houses, giving a front-row seat to the wonders of the wild; Vacation Tree Houses, where nest-level luxury makes for unforgettable escapes; and Residential Tree Houses that prove sustainable arboreal living isn't just for the birds. Whether they were designed for play, relaxation, or full-time habitation, these amazing houses fulfill a deep human longing for authenticity, tranquility, and a new perspective--challenging convention and fashioning a renewed relationship with the environment. They remind us that, while our roots must remain in the earth, our imaginations should always reach for the sky.
Handbook for Planning and Conducting Charrettes for High-Performance Projects, Ed 2
This handbook furnishes guidance for planning and conducting a high-performance building charrette, sometimes called a "greening charrette."This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Evaluation of ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2009
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluated ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2009, 'The Standard for High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings'. NREL performed this evaluation by examining the results of predictions for site energy use from a comprehensive set of EnergyPlus models. NREL has conducted an 'order-of-magnitude' analysis in this study to identify the likely overall impact of adopting Standard 189.1-2009 over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Building America Best Practices Series
This best practices guide is part of a series produced by Building America. The guidebook is a resource to help builders large and small build high-quality, energy-efficient homes that achieve 30% energy savings in space conditioning and water heating in the hot-dry and mixed-dry climates. The savings are in comparison with the 1993 Model Energy Code. The guide contains chapters for every member of the builder's team--from the manager to the site planner to the designers, site supervisors, the trades, and marketers. There is also a chapter for homeowners on how to use the book to provide help in selecting a new home or builder.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Refugee Camp Planning and Construction Handbook
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. The USAF was initially a part of the U.S. Army, but was formed as a separate branch of the military in 1947 under the National Security Act. Although it is the most recent branch of the U.S. Military to be formed, the USAF is the most technologically advanced air force in the world. The Air Force e-Publishing Library's mission is to provide documents for Air Force customers worldwide, and supply life-cycle management of Air Force Electronic Publishing to enable product and service delivery to the end user, regardless of media in pace and in war. The United States Air Force e-Publishing Library collection contains manuals and reports describing the procedures and protocol necessary in various situations and circumstances. Some titles in the collection include: A Manual of Civil Engineer Bare Base Development, Guide to Mobile Aircraft Arresting System Installation, and Nuclear Weapons Accident and Incident Response. This publication is part of this Air Force e-Publications collection.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Passive Solar Design Strategies
The concepts of passive solar are simple, but applying it effectively requires specific information and attention to the details of design and construction. This book is written to help give builders the information they need to make decisions about passive solar design.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
NREL/Habitat for Humanity Zero Energy Home
The design of this 1,280-square-foot, three-bedroom Habitat for Humanity of Metro Denver zero energy home carefully combines envelope efficiency, efficient equipment, appliances and lighting, and passive and active solar features to reach the zero energy goal. The home was designed with an early version (July 22, 2004) of the BEOpt building optimization software; DOE2 and TRNSYS were used to perform additional analysis. This engineering approach was tempered by regular discussions with Habitat construction staff and volunteers. These discussions weighed the applicability of the optimized solutions to the special needs and economics of a Habitat house--moving the design toward simple, easily maintained mechanical systems and volunteer-friendly construction techniques. A data acquisition system was installed in the completed home to monitor its performance.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Buildings For Mechanics' Institutions
Buildings For Mechanics' Institutions explores the architectural designs of mechanics' institutes, a significant movement in 19th-century Britain. These institutes were established to provide working-class adults with access to scientific and technical education. This book showcases a variety of architectural plans and elevations, providing valuable insights into the design considerations and construction techniques of these important educational buildings. Offering a fascinating glimpse into the past, the book serves as a valuable resource for architects, historians, and anyone interested in the history of education and architectural design. It highlights the social and cultural values embedded in these structures, reflecting the Victorian era's commitment to self-improvement and the dissemination of knowledge.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Hardwick Hall, Co. Of Derby
Explore the rich history of Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire, England, a magnificent structure erected between 1590 and 1597 by the formidable Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury. This historical account delves into the architectural and social significance of Hardwick Hall, which stands as a testament to the power and influence of its creator. Now a residence of her descendant, His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., Hardwick Hall remains a vital part of British heritage. This detailed study offers insights into the design and construction of the hall, reflecting the opulence and grandeur of the Elizabethan era. Discover the stories behind the stones of "Hardwick Hall, Co. Of Derby", a landmark that continues to captivate visitors and historians alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Views Of All The Colleges, Halls, And Public Buildings In The University And City Of Oxford
Explore the architectural grandeur of Oxford University and its historic city with "Views Of All The Colleges, Halls, And Public Buildings In The University And City Of Oxford." This pictorial journey offers a detailed glimpse into the iconic structures that have shaped one of the world's most prestigious academic centers. From the hallowed halls of its ancient colleges to the distinguished public buildings, this collection captures the essence and beauty of Oxford's unique architectural landscape.Discover the rich heritage and enduring legacy of Oxford through its buildings, each telling a story of tradition, innovation, and scholarly pursuit. A must-have for historians, architecture enthusiasts, and anyone captivated by the timeless allure of Oxford.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Town Planning In Theory And Practice
"Town Planning In Theory And Practice" presents a detailed report from a conference organized by the Town and Country Planning Association (Great Britain). This volume offers insights into the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of town planning during a pivotal era of urban development. Covering a range of perspectives from leading experts and practitioners, the report delves into the challenges and opportunities of creating sustainable and livable urban spaces.The book examines various aspects of town planning, including housing, transportation, public spaces, and industrial development, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. It will appeal to historians of urban planning, architects, and anyone interested in the evolution of modern cities.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Designs For Cottage And Villa Architecture
Designs for Cottage and Villa Architecture presents a fascinating glimpse into 19th-century residential design. Samuel H. Brooks showcases a variety of architectural plans and elevations, offering a comprehensive guide to building stylish and comfortable homes. This book provides valuable insights into the aesthetic preferences and practical considerations of the era.Readers interested in historical architecture, particularly the cottage and villa styles, will find this collection an invaluable resource. The designs reflect a blend of elegance and functionality, making it a compelling study for architects, historians, and anyone passionate about the evolution of home design.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Otto Ernst Schweizer: Milchhof Nurnberg, Opus 59
Otto Ernst Schweizer architect, philosopher and teacher, had a crucial effect on the path of Modern architecture. When the central dairy in Nuremberg was finished in 1931 it ws the largest complex of its kind in Europe and was seen by critics as a work that deserved the rank of prototype.
