Upright Position during First Stage of Labour
Maternal positioning during labor affects many aspects of the anatomy and physiology adaptations needed to influence all aspects of labor including powers, passage, passenger and psyche. upright and mobile positions, use gravity to aid descent of the fetal head into the pelvis, as the head is applied directly and evenly on the cervix, uterine contractions are intensified in strength, regularity and frequency, as effective contractions are vital to aid cervical dilatation and fetal descent, they have an important role in helping to reduce dystocia (slow progress in labor).
Diagnosis and determination of copper in goats and sheep
Goat and sheep farming has always been considered a subsistence activity in the Northeast region of Brazil. However, the production of these ruminants has expanded and the Northeast has 90% of the country's goat herd and 56.7% of the sheep herd, but with very low zootechnical indices, as they are limited by nutritional and sanitary deficiencies. Among the main causes of the herd's low productivity is inadequate quantity and quality nutrition, especially during the dry season, when there is a drop in forage production, associated with mineral deficiencies in the soil and vegetation. Reports of mineral deficiencies have been recorded in several states in the Northeast region, such as copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and iron in the states of Maranh瓊o, Piau穩, Cear獺, Sergipe and Bahia. Copper deficiency can occur due to a lower supply of this microelement in the diet or the occurrence of antagonizing elements that reduce its availability, such as sulphur, iron and molybdenum. Copper supplementation is necessary in areas proven to be deficient in this element in order to avoid the occurrence of enzootic ataxia in kids and lambs.
Bariatric Surgery in Simple Words
Gastric bypass and other types of weight-loss surgery - also called bariatric or metabolic surgery - involve making changes to your digestive system to help you lose weight.Bariatric surgery is done when diet and exercise haven't worked or when you have serious health problems because of your weight. Some weight-loss procedures limit how much you can eat. Others work by reducing the body's ability to absorb fat and calories. Some procedures do both.While bariatric surgery can offer many benefits, all forms of weight-loss surgery are major procedures that can pose risks and side effects. Also, you must make permanent healthy changes to your diet and get regular exercise to help ensure the long-term success of bariatric surgery. If you qualify for bariatric surgery, your health care team gives you instructions on how to prepare for your specific type of surgery. You may need to have lab tests and exams before surgery. You may have limits on eating and drinking and which medicines you can take. You may be required to start a physical activity program and to stop any tobacco use.You also may need to prepare by planning for your recovery after surgery.
The effect of chamomile flower on the trigeminal nerve diseases
The book discusses one of the diseases of the fifth nerve (Fothergill's disease) and the therapeutic effect of chamomile flower extract on it. It is known that this flower is one of the plants used in ancient Mesopotamian medicine, specifically by ancient Babylonian healers. The author of the book reached this conclusion by analyzing the flower and targeting its active elements to extract an extract that has a positive effect on the disease.
Birthing Process
This book offers a detailed exploration of the factors that influence women's decisions when choosing the place of childbirth, whether at home or in a hospital. It examines the historical evolution of childbirth practices, highlighting how social changes and medicalization have shaped modern approaches to birth. The text critically examines the impact of medical interventions on childbirth, questioning whether these practices always serve the best interests of women or if they sometimes undermine their autonomy. The crucial role of healthcare professionals, especially obstetric nurses, is emphasized, as they act not only as caregivers but also as advocates for women's rights to make informed decisions about their childbirth experience. By providing comprehensive support, they help women navigate their options and empower them to choose what is best for them. The book suggests a shift from a one-size-fits-all medical model to a more personalized and empathetic approach, ensuring that every woman feels supported and respected throughout her childbirth journey.
Enhancement of Surgical Outcomes in the Management of Foot
Scarring and contractures of the foot and ankle joints after deep partial and full-thickness burns impair foot motion and lower extremity function, often requiring surgical reconstruction. Long-term outcomes show that close observation of burn patients is crucial to detect developing scars that may benefit from early intervention or to monitor the slow growth of the injured extremity, which may cause secondary changes in bones and joints. Our experience suggests that surgical intervention should be considered before severe scars develop to prevent secondary changes. In severe contracture cases, early surgical intervention is recommended. The success of treating burn-induced foot and ankle deformities depends on the localization of scar contractures, depth of injury, availability of uninjured skin for reconstruction, and the presence of osseous injury or changes due to chronic scar contracture. This monograph provides insights into optimizing surgical outcomes for burn-induced foot deformities and is aimed at medical students, surgical specialists, clinical residents, and practicing surgeons.
Menopause treatment in type 2 diabetes
In recent years, scientific interest has been growing in the study of reproductive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is associated with advances in the treatment of the disease, which significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with diabetes mellitus. to delay the development of serious complications of the disease as much as possible. This protein hormone regulates the synthesis of glycogen in the liver, the use of glucose by insulin-dependent tissues (adipose tissue, muscles), the passage of amino acids through the cytoplasmic membrane and protein synthesis, the attachment of fatty acids to triglycerides and fats. The monograph explains the differential approach to the treatment of menopausal syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Disorder Contained
Disorder Contained is the first historical account of the complex relationship between prison discipline and mental breakdown in England and Ireland. Between 1840 and 1900 the expansion of the modern prison system coincided with increased rates of mental disorder among prisoners, exacerbated by the introduction of regimes of isolation, deprivation and hard labour. Drawing on a range of archival and printed sources, the authors explore the links between different prison regimes and mental distress, examining the challenges faced by prison medical officers dealing with mental disorder within a system that stressed discipline and punishment and prisoners' own experiences of mental illness. The book investigates medical officers' approaches to the identification, definition, management and categorisation of mental disorder in prisons, and varied, often gendered, responses to mental breakdown among inmates. The authors also reflect on the persistence of systems of punishment that often aggravate rather than alleviate mental illness in the criminal justice system up to the current day. This title is also available as Open Access.
Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Lubumbashi
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of hemoglobin. It results from a point mutation in the 6th codon of the beta -globin gene (on chromosome 11), followed by the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin chain. In developing countries, it is often diagnosed late due to the high cost and complexity of conventional diagnostic methods. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic reliability of the Sickle SCAN(R) test in neonatal screening with reference to Hb electrophoresis in Lubumbashi.The present study showed that the Sickle scan test is a reliable, beneficial and efficient tool that we recommend for systematic, large-scale screening for sickle cell disease in the DRC.
Ureteral calculi at CHU Luxembourg Bamako
The objective of the research is to study the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of ureteral lithiasis at the Luxembourg University Hospital.Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study of a series of patients presenting with ureteral lithiasis over a period of 6 years, from January 2017 to December 2022 in the urology department of the Luxembourg University Hospital.Results: ⮚ The frequency of ureteric lithiasis is 2.48%.⮚ The age group of 38 to 50 years was the most affected with extremes of 10 and 75 years.⮚ The sex ratio was 2.95 in favor of men.⮚ Pain was the main symptom followed by urination problems and hematuria.⮚ Ureteral lithiasis also plays an important role in impaired renal function and urinary infections.⮚ Radiological examinations play an important role in the management of urolithiasis.⮚ Ureteroscopy was used as curative treatment in 54.7% of cases.
Hypetrophic Cardiomyopathy in Newborns and Maternal Diabetes
Approximately 3-6% of newborns born to diabetic mothers (NNMD) have cardiovascular abnormalities. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disorder, accounting for 40% of cardiovascular anomalies. Its incidence, often underestimated due to the frequency of asymptomatic forms, varies between 30% and 40%.NNMD HCM is mainly induced by fetal hyperinsulinism secondary to maternal hyperglycemia. It is characterized by disproportionate hypertrophy of the heart: hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (IVS) due to its high insulin receptor content, and of the free ventricular walls. Clinically, HCM can be completely asymptomatic, as seen on cardiac ultrasound, or manifest as congestive heart failure due to obstruction of the left ventricular ejection pathway. Whatever its severity, cardiac hypertrophy is transient, with echocardiographic resolution around six months of age in all cases.
Opportunities and challenges of public finance management
In an era where economic stability and sustainable development are pivotal, effective public finance management stands as a cornerstone for progress in developing countries. This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricacies of PFM, offering a nuanced analysis of its potential to drive growth, reduce poverty, and enhance governance. The book navigates through the complexities of budget planning, resource allocation, and fiscal transparency, highlighting the opportunities that arise when governments optimize these processes. It also sheds light on the formidable challenges faced by developing nations, such as corruption, institutional weaknesses, and external pressures, that hinder effective financial management. It also addresses the significant challenges these countries face, such as corruption, limited resources, and weak institutional capacity. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role of public finance management in achieving sustainable development.
Imaging microcrystalline arthropathies
Microcrystalline arthropathies include the following three pathologies: - gout caused by precipitation of sodium urate crystals; - chondrocalcinosis caused by precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals;- chondrocalcinosis, caused by precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals; - apatitic rheumatism, caused by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite. These pathologies often require radiological exploration for early diagnosis, follow-up or the search for complications, in order to optimize therapeutic management and consequently improve the patient's functional prognosis.The aim of this clear, educational book is to provide a radiological, ultrasound, CT and MRI semiology of microcrystalline arthropathies, richly illustrated with numerous demonstrative diagrams. This book is intended for radiology interns and practicing physicians.
Beating heart coronary bypass surgery
The number of coronary patients with impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function proposed for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has increased in recent years. This combination of coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction is associated with a high post-operative mortality rate.CABG is an interesting alternative that may offer better preservation of post-operative ventricular function in these fragile patients, due to the absence of the inflammatory effects of extracorporeal circulation. However, this technique often leads to incomplete myocardial revascularization and a higher late mortality rate than in patients operated on under CEC. Revascularization surgery techniques are currently undergoing considerable development, especially in the case of failing hearts. One of the current challenges is to reduce the post-operative morbidity and mortality rate, which is still higher than for surgery on a heart with good systolic function.
Nursing Ethics
This edited volume comprises twenty original essays in nursing ethics by an international, interdisciplinary group of scholars, researchers, and clinicians. The volume is the first wide-ranging, advanced edited volume in nursing ethics that explores the normative foundations and frameworks of nursing ethics, philosophical views of ethical knowledge, practical identity, moral agency in nursing, and emerging ethical issues in nursing practice and health policy. Part I focuses on foundational normative issues in nursing ethics, including questions about its independence as a field of inquiry among other subfields in bioethics, its methods, and its potential contribution to forming ethical environments for healthcare professionals. Several chapters address questions surrounding the scope, reliability, and limit of nurses' ethical knowledge and expertise, and the moral and practical identities that nurses take on qua nurses. Part II focuses on emerging issues in clinical practice and nursing education, including current and anticipated ethical challenges in the care of persons, families, and communities impacted by both physical and mental health conditions are addressed. Several chapters aim to proactively identify ethical concerns posed by new developments in areas such as biotechnology, health policy, and cultural shifts. Together, the essays in this volume provide focused, in-depth normative inquiry and analysis on central and new topics in nursing ethics, moving beyond what is typically found in a broad, comprehensive introductory text, filling a significant gap in the nursing ethics literature. These essays reinforce the field as a distinct and important subfield of both academic bioethics and clinical ethics.
Management of elderly primiparous women
The frequency of first pregnancies after the age of 38 is increasing steadily in Tunisia and the average age of first childbirth is now 40. Aim: To identify the profile of primiparous women over 38 years of age and the maternal, foetal and obstetric complications. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 2021/2022 of 50 cases in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the Monastir maternity and neonatology centre. Results. The frequency was 0.58%, complications such as arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa and caesarean section deliveries were 6%, 34%, 14%, 2% and 84% respectively. Neonatal morbidity concerned 7 newborns, 14% of whom died in utero. Conclusion: Maternal age is a factor in complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Regular monitoring therefore ensures a fairly favourable prognosis for the outcome of these pregnancies, and monitoring must be multidisciplinary in order to intervene effectively in the event of any complications.
Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is a rare histological entity, accounting for between 5% and 15% of all breast cancers.It is classified as the second most frequent histological type, after non-specific infiltrating cancer (NIC). The aims of our work were to describe the anatomo-clinical particularities and therapeutic modalities, to specify the role of breast imaging in the positive diagnosis and to identify the main prognostic factors.We carried out a retrospective descriptive study of 30 observations of CLI of the breast collected in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Monastir Maternity and Neonatology Centre over a 10-year period. The incidence of CLI in our study was 4%. The mean age at onset of CLI was 53.43 years. A breast nodule was the most frequent revealing sign, characterized by multifocal and bilateral lesions, hence the importance of MRI. CLI appears to have a good prognosis, as it is often of low histopronostic grade, and its mode of evolution is often insidious, with positive hormone receptors in the majority of cases.
Physician-Soldier
Death is messy, death is complicated, death is urgent. This book is an attempt to understand the urgency of death through the lens of doctors in combat. This urgent summons is imprinted in the experiences of doctors deployed in times of combat and is all too familiar to Col. David Watson, MD, a psychiatrist and flight surgeon with over 30 years of military experience, as he recounted the day-to-day duties performed by medical teams in the Craig Joint Theater Hospital trauma bay in Bagram, Afghanistan. These field hospitals are imbued with medical personnel racing to save life amongst the chaos of war.As the casualties arrive for operation, medical teams run to get gowned, gloved, and prepped for surgery.
Baobab, Kpassa or the plant with medicinal dexterity
From the non-scientific Adansonia digitata, the baobab in Fon Kpassa is found in Africa, Madagascar, the Indian Ocean Islands, Australia and the Caribbean. It is rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates, mucilage, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6 and C, essential amino acids and minerals including sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and iron (Fe). It also contains flavonoids and phenolic acids. It is an antioxidant and inhibitor of enzymatic activity, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, antisickling, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, antitrypanosome, arthritic, antioxidant, antiviral, analgesic, antipyretic, diuretic and hepatoprotective, onifiant/stimulant, antidiarrheal, antienteralgic, antipyretic, Its extracts are effective against fatigue, inappetence, diarrhea, enteralgia, nasopharyngeal infection, circulatory disorders (hemorrhoids), hemoptysis, insect bites and dermatitis. It plays a symbolic and ritual role in the mysticism of health and the quest for fertility.
Extremophiles
This book, Extremophiles: General and Plant Biomass Based Biorefinery, explores the potential of extremophiles in industries and biomass based biorefinery. The book sheds light on diversity and various applications of thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, alkaliphiles and acidophiles for the production of value-added products including biofuels, extremozymes, etc. The chapters comprehensively emphasize the utility of extremophiles in sustainable biorefinery bioprocesses. This book is an integrated source of literature for scientists, engineers, academicians, and students working in the area of extremophiles, microbial technology and biorefinery.
Hypoxia Conditioning in Health, Exercise and Sport
While severe hypoxia has detrimental health consequences, the controlled application of hypoxia can be protective and holds great promise as a performance-enhancing and therapeutic intervention. Hypoxia Conditioning in Health, Exercise and Sport: Principles, Mechanisms and Applications delivers an understanding of systemic and molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxia adaptations and examines the most promising forms of hypoxia conditioning with a view to create performance-enhancing strategies for athletes, as well as an offering an examination on clinical applications for numerous pathologies.This cutting-edge book examines how positive physiological adaptations not only acutely enhance tolerance to hypoxia but can also induce sustained health benefits. This has enabled the development and refinement of approaches utilizing hypoxia, strategies also termed hypoxia conditioning, to improve health and performance outcomes.By linking research with recommendations for real-world situations, this volume will serve as an invaluable resource for students, academics, exercise science professionals and sports medicine specialists, especially those in environmental physiology and coaching subjects.
Determinants of self-medication with NSAIDs in Abidjan
The aim was to identify the factors determining the consumption of self-medicated NSAIDs by patients seen in rheumatology in Abidjan. A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the rheumatology department of the CHU de Cocody (Abidjan) from February 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023, on 388 rheumatic patients seen for rheumatology consultations who had self-medicated with NSAIDs. It was found that the frequency of self-medication with NSAIDs was very high (76.67%) in Abidjan, and the factors determining this consumption were level of education, socio-economic level and pain intensity.
Planet of the Toxic Metals
What is happening to mankind? We are witnessing an epidemic of chronic diseases, an unprecedented trend to self- destruction, low birth rates, decreasing intelligence and an attempted de-facto auto-genocide, the first of its kind in human history. Men have less than half the testosterone their grandfathers used to have, a bio- chemical half-castration in 50 years, and they act accordingly. The same trend is observed for estrogen in women. How did we get so sick and tired, infertile, angry and stupid? Only within decades? It turns out within the abundance of toxins and endocrine disrupting chemicals, toxic (heavy) metals or toxic elements play a decisive role in all of these processes. This is what most doctors will not tell you, presumably because they don't know it themselves: - Poisoning with toxic metals can mimic any psychiatric or physical disease or contribute to it. - Multiple metals in the body have a synergistic damaging effect: two different metals are usually much more harmful than the individual metals. But only single metal exposures are considered in government regulations. - Toxic metals last forever, and in the human body, it can take decades to excrete them without proper therapy. - Of the thousands of toxins, metals are those for which we have proven methods to extract them from the body. Toxic metals also show dangerous interactions with electromagnetic radiation, with parasites, microplastics, nanoparticles and so-called "forever-chemicals"; the metals can worsen the effects of these disrupting influences. 60% of Americans live with at least one chronic disease, like heart disease and stroke, cancer or diabetes. The Harvard Social Impact Review says: "88% of Americans [adults] are metabolically unhealthy." Did you know that 18 % of deaths of "all causes" in the US are attributed to lead toxicity? And these are only the cases attributed to lead, not including the other 40+ toxic metals with potential long-term chronic health effects. Every third child globally, and every second adult in the USA are poisoned with lead by CDC reference levels. Those born between 1951 and 1980 endured an average lead-linked intelligence deficit of around 6 IQ points. It is estimated that 8 to 10% of American women have mercury levels that would induce neurological disorders in any child they gave birth to, according to the EPA. After millions of tons of lead and other toxic metals have been dispersed into the environment, it is surprising to find how little of a toxic element is needed to cause lifelong problems. Only 70 micrograms of lead (less than the smallest speck of dust that you can see with the naked eye) more lead in the blood of a young adult is associated with 2.3 times the odds of major depressive disorder and 4.9 times the odds of panic disorders. Alarming amounts of toxic metals are now dispersed to the biosphere. For the generation that will come to grips with the gravity of the situation, it will take more than just omitting the release of further toxic metals; rather, it will take an unprecedented effort - possibly the largest human endeavor ever - to decontaminate water, soil and air. In the meantime, individual prevention, testing and professional metal removal from the body is our best bet.This book includes: - A systematic review of psychological disorders and personality traits and their associations with chronic metal toxicity as well as the socio-economic ramifications of these disorders. - Physical diseases condensed to about 200 clinical diagnoses, and their associations with chronic metal burden. - Over 1000 scientific studies are sited that show significant correlations between toxic metal content and almost any known chronic disease (dozens confirm causation). - A systematic overview of all known toxic metals, their clinical outcomes and approved detoxification agents.
Handbook of Lipid Membranes
This handbook provides a unique overview of lipid membrane fundamentals and applications. The fascinating world of lipids that harbor and govern so many biological functionalities are discussed within the context of membrane structures, interactions, and shape evolution. Beyond the fundamentals in lipid science, this handbook focuses on how scientists are building bioinspired biomimetic systems for applications in medicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. Key Features: Includes experimental and theoretical overviews on the role of lipids, with or without associated biomolecules, as structural components imparting distinct membrane shapes and intermembrane interactions Covers the mechanisms of lipid-membrane curvature, by peptide and protein binding, and the roles of signalling lipids and the cytoskeleton in plasma membrane shape evolution Covers advanced X-ray and force measurement techniques Discusses applications in biomedicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology, including lipid vectors in nucleic acid, drug delivery in dermal applications, and lipid-based sensors and artificial biointerfaces Covers artificial membranes from block copolymers, synthetic copolypeptides, and recombinant proteins Includes an exciting section that explores the role of lipids in the origin of life in hydrothermal conditions This book is a highly informative companion for professionals in biophysics, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and material and pharmaceutical sciences and bioengineering.
The Philosophy of Medicine Reborn
Edmund D. Pellegrino has played a central role in shaping the fields of bioethics and the philosophy of medicine. His writings encompass original explorations of the healing relationship, the need to place humanism in the medical curriculum, the nature of the patient's good, and the importance of a virtue-based normative ethics for health care.In this anthology, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., and Fabrice Jotterand have created a rich presentation of Pellegrino's thought and its development. Pellegrino's work has been dedicated to showing that bioethics must be understood in the context of medical humanities, and that medical humanities, in turn, must be understood in the context of the philosophy of medicine. Arguing that bioethics should not be restricted to topics such as abortion, third-party-assisted reproduction, physician-assisted suicide, or cloning, Pellegrino has instead stressed that such issues are shaped by foundational views regarding the nature of the physician-patient relationship and the goals of medicine, which are the proper focus of the philosophy of medicine.This volume includes a preface ("Apologia") by Dr. Pellegrino and a comprehensive Introduction by the editors. Of interest to medical ethicists as well as students, scholars, and physicians, The Philosophy of Medicine Reborn offers fascinating insights into the emergence of a field and the work of one of its pioneers.
Management of Post-Thyroidectomy Recurrent Paralysis
Our aim was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis.Material and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and retrospective study from January 2020 to January 2023, including patients who had consulted us for dysphonia, dyspnea after thyroidectomy; who had consulted us for other laryngeal symptoms after thyroidectomy, and whose nasofibroscopy or suspension laryngoscopy findings indicated immobility of one or more vocal cords.Results: A total thyroidectomy was performed in 74.1% of 27 cases. Inspiratory dyspnea and dysphonia were associated in 81.5%. Laryngeal diplegia accounted for 77.8% and monoplegia for 22.2%. RA was transient in 22.2%, permanent in 77.8% . Speech therapy was performed in 77.8% and transverse posterior cordotomy in 95.2%.Conclusion: Complementary diagnostic examinations are complex and not common practice in Mali.
Lumbar disc herniation in adolescents
The herniated disc (HDL) corresponds to the passage of part of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosus into the spinal canal at the back. It is often the result of degenerative involution of the intervertebral disc, leading to deformation or rupture of the posterior common vertebral ligament. HDL is a rare cause of morbidity in adolescents. Its pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. However, genetic, traumatic and biomechanical causes have been reported to contribute to the genesis of HDL in children under 19. Our study focuses on HDL in patients under 19 years of age. The incidence worldwide is 4 per 10,000, and the disc is well hydrated. HDL in adolescents is therefore considered a totally distinct pathology from that commonly observed in adults. Given the rarity of this condition in people under 19, diagnosis is often made late in life. Due to the rarity of this pathology in children under 19 years of age, diagnosis is often delayed.
Patient rights
Introduction: The right to health and patients' rights are essential for a humanized medicine that respects human dignity. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of healthcare professionals in the field of patients' rights, and to propose a strategy for improving healthcare professionals' knowledge in this area. Materials and methods: Our work consists of two parts: a questionnaire and preventive recommendations. The questionnaire, divided into three parts, assesses the participants' profile, their knowledge of patients' rights and medical ethics, and the rights of persons deprived of liberty. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, including healthcare professionals from the public sector (university hospitals and regional hospitals). Results: Out of 384 questionnaires distributed, 243 were fully completed, giving a response rate of 63.28%. According to the score used, most participants had an average level of knowledge. Conclusion: This study revealed shortcomings in doctors' knowledge of patients' rights and health ethics, impacting on quality of care.
Advanced Materials and Techniques for Biosensors and Bioanalytical Applications
Bioanalytical science and its technological subdomain, biosensors, are ever-evolving subjects, striving for rapid improvement in terms of performance and expanding the target range to meet the vast societal and market demands. The key performance factors for a biosensor that drive the research are selectivity, sensitivity, response time, accuracy, and reproducibility, with additional requirements of its portability and inexpensive nature. These performance factors are largely governed by the materials and techniques being used in these bioanalytical platforms. The selection of materials to meet these requirements is critical, as their interaction or involvement with the biological recognition elements should initiate or improve these performance factors. The technique discussed primarily applies to transducers involved in converting a biochemical signal to optical or electrical signals. Over the years, the emergence of novel materials and techniques has drastically improved the performance of these bioanalytical systems, enabling them to expand their analytical horizon. These advanced materials and techniques are central to modern bioanalytical and biosensor research. Advanced Materials and Techniques for Biosensors and Bioanalytical Applications provides a comprehensive review of the subject, including a knowledge platform for both academics and researchers. Considering biosensors as a central theme to this book, an outline on this subject with background principles has been included, with a scope of extending the utility of the book to coursework in graduate and postgraduate schools.Features: - Basic principles on different classes of biosensors, recent advances and applications - Smart materials for biosensors and other rapid, portable detection devices - Metal nanoparticles and nanocrystals for analytical applications - Carbon-based nanoparticles and quantum dots for sensing applications- Nanozymes as potential catalysts for sensing applications - Bioelectrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical-based biosensors- Paper electronics and paper-based biosensors- Microbial biosensors: artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and synthetic biology- Biofuel cells as a signal transduction platform- FET-based biosensors, including ISFET and BioFET This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators and a textbook for a graduate-level course in biosensors and advanced bioanalytical techniques.
Atlas of Laparoscopic Digestive Operations
The Atlas of Laparoscopic Digestive Operations describes the operation's majority from esophagus to anus, of the abdominal wall, liver, pancreas, spleen and adrenal glands. Each operation is described step be step with original handmade watercolor illustrations.The Atlas is aimed to surgical residents committed in their first years' training, eventually before to embark upon a more specialized field in digestive surgery or to choose to keep a wider approach to digestive laparoscopy.The Atlas has also maybe the goal to be reviewed by the attending who will supervise a junior colleague in a systematic learning of surgery.It is written by a surgeon who worked in University hospitals in Switzerland and abroad and was thus brought face to many surgical tactiques and techniques all around the world. The Volume II of the Atlas is devoted to the operations on the visceral organs of the abdomen, liver, pancreas, spleen and adrenal glands. Even major interventions are described. Some passages insist on the teaching of the operative techniques on these organs, even challenging.Useless to repeat that the Atlas had been designed and written by the herald of "General" Surgery.
Natural Language Processing In Healthcare
As Natural Language Processing (NLP) gets more and more traction in healthcare applications, there is a growing demand for developing solutions that can understand, analyze, and generate languages that humans can understand.
Back School Program for Pain & Disability in Teachers with Lbp
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common health problem in which individuals experience major social, mental, and occupational disruptions. Among school teachers, the prevalence of LBP is much higher as compared to that of other occupational groups. The causes for mechanical LBP in school teachers include long sitting, poor posture, repetitive activities, poor infrastructure at the schools and sedentary lifestyle. Among many physiotherapy interventions, one such intervention is BACK SCHOOL PROGRAM. Back schools are educational and training programs with lessons given to patients or workers by a therapist with the aim of treating or preventing low back pain. Teaching being a highly stressful occupation, teachers with LBP need a program that's easy to follow, convenient and effective without any tools or equipment. The NPRS and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were chosen as outcome measures to evaluate pain and disability score respectively. The aim of the program was to reduce muscle spasm, strengthen back muscles, and increase back muscle flexibility. The program had a good effect on both pain and disability component in school teachers with chronic mechanical LBP.
Tumors of the cranial vault
Various lesions can affect the vault of the skull, usually asymptomatic and of incidental discovery, but can also present as a swelling with or without local pain. We report a retrospective study of 20 cases collected in the neurosurgery department at HMPIT over a 17-year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2016.The mean age was 47.7 years, with extremes ranging from 20 to 75 years, with a slight male predominance and a sex ratio of 1.2.An incidental finding of an arch lesion was found in 3 cases.Frontal location was the most common, accounting for 45% of cases, followed by parietal location (35%).Histological examination of the surgical specimen was carried out in all our patients, confirming our suspicion of a diagnosis.Secondary localization was common in 9 cases, with breast cancer in 2 and thyroid cancer in 2.Most of these patients reported clinical improvement following surgery or radiotherapy, and the prognosis for tumors of the vault will depend on the etiology.
Coronavirus and Immunity
Immune dysregulation and dysfunction are seen as one of the major long-term effects of COVID-19. The effects on the immune system were well-documented early in the pandemic, but there was a lack of clarity on how COVID-19 infections specifically affected the immune system and the potential implications during and after the infection. At the beginning of the pandemic, there were two primary theories regarding the underlying causes of severe illness and death from COVID-19: an overactive immune response and a compromised immune system. The initial factor was associated with an immune system that was overly active. It was noted early in the process that many individuals with severe COVID-19 eventually developed ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). This closely resembled the ARDS brought on by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) seen in patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (also a common side effect in cancer patients undergoing CAR-T cell therapies).
Innovation of benzimidazole metal chelates as pharmaceutical agents
Metals and Ligands in pharmaceuticals have played an increasingly important role in medicine over the last century, particularly in cancer therapy and diagnostic imaging methods. Medicinal Applications of Coordination Chemistry focuses on the role that transition metals play in clinical applications. Medicinal Applications of Coordination Chemistry begins with a brief historical review and an introduction to the chemistry of d- and f- block metals. Subsequent sections discuss metallodrugs for several different applications, the design of new drugs and the relationship between structure and function. Medicinal inorganic chemistry can exploit the unique properties of metal ions for the design of new drugs. The use of metals and their salts for medicinal purposes has been present throughout history. The interactions of transition metal complexes with DNA have been a subject of passionate research in the field of bioinorganic chemistry, ever since the discovery of cis-platin as an anticancer agent. It has been demonstrated that free radicals can damage DNA of bio-tissues, leading to increased rates of cancer.
The Use of Nano Particles and Pharmaceutical Nano Particles
Nano medicine is one of the branches of nanotechnology, which can be used to make powerful and widely used tools in the field of medicine and research. In addition to making tools, the science of Nano medicine is also related to the structures of materials and drugs, and in its sub-branches, it also deals with the treatment of special diseases and sensitive and professional surgeries. Of course, the use of Nano medicine is not in such a way that this science directly plays a role in the production and manufacture of the medicine itself, but it has an effect on how it spreads in the body, and this increases the effectiveness of the medicine. Based on this procedure, doctors can deliver the drug to the point where the body needs it, instead of delivering part of it to the affected part through other ways such as the stomach. This ability has been used to treat most cancers.
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Researcher Profile
This academic monograph of Dr. Hayd矇e Viloria de Castej籀n contains her family group, academic organization, research activities, participation in basic and clinical neuroscience research, histochemical study of proteoglycans and clinical study of child malnutrition, training of technical and scientific personnel, participation in the organization of units, centers and institutes and research councils, organization of national and international congresses, academic trips, participation in basic and clinical neuroscience research. It also includes the opinion of his relatives and professionals who contributed and admire his scientific work and curriculum vitae.
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. These cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology. Their unique surface area, stiffness, strength and resilience have led to much excitement in pharmacy [17-20]. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes and multiple-walled nanotubes. Techniques have been developed to produce nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition, silane solution method and flame synthesis method. The properties and characteristics of CNTs are still being researched heavily and scientists have barely begun to tap the potential of these structures. They can pass through membranes, carrying therapeutic drugs, vaccines and nucleic acids deep into the cell to targets previously unreachable.
Atypical aspects of antinuclear antibodies
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) constitute a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies directed against a wide variety of antigens of nuclear or cytoplasmic origin. The search for ANA is a frequent reason in clinical biology. The interest in ANA lies in the diagnostic value of some of them for the diagnosis of connective tissue disease and certain organ-specific or non-specific autoimmune diseases. According to the 1st international consensus for standardizing the nomenclature of AAN "International consensus on anti nuclear antibodies staining Patterns" (2014), it is recommended to associate cytoplasmic fluorescence and that of the mitotic apparatus with nuclear fluorescence in the rendering of results research of AANs. However, in current practice, the reporting of ANA results lacks standardization between laboratories. We analyzed the different aspects (nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitotic) of ANA performed in our laboratory in accordance with the ICAP classification and we studied the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic aspects associated or not with nuclear marking.
Metformin
The topic of this book is prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease which are increasing by epidemic proportions all over the world. Metabolic syndrome is well established risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Hyperinsulinaemia is considered as the earliest stage of development of type 2 diabetes and a core defect unifying the cardiovascular cluster of the metabolic syndrome. Treatment of the metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinaemia is essential for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metformin is a medication of first choice in therapeutic strategy of type 2 diabetes. The book comprises of two research articles representing results of metformin treatment in people at high risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease such as those with hyperinsulinaemia, normal glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome.
Effectiveness of Community Skilled Birth Attendants in Bangladesh
Maternal mortality and morbidity has been a great concern for the countries in the Asia, Africa and Latin America. Many women of these regions die while giving birth to their babies. Government and international organisations, including World Health Organisation have been putting relentless effort to implement different interventions aiming to protect mothers from dying due to maternity reasons. While evidence based practice is pivotal to get the right intervention, this paper has got evidences with regard to community based maternal health intervention that can be useful for the researchers, academicians, program planners and policy makers working to improve maternal health.
Molecular Food Microbiology
The elucidation of DNA double helix in 1953 and the publication of DNA cloning protocol in 1973 have put wings under the sail of molecular biology, which has since quietly revolutionized many fields of biological science, including food microbiology. Exploiting the power and versatility of molecular technologies, molecular food microbiology extends and greatly improves on phenotypically based food microbiology, leading to the development of better diagnostics for foodborne infections and intoxications, and contributing to the design of more effective therapeutics and prophylaxes against foodborne diseases.Forming part of the Food Microbiology series, Molecular Food Microbiology provides a state of art coverage on molecular techniques applicable to food microbiology. While the introductory chapter contains an overview on the principles of current DNA, RNA and protein techniques and discusses their utility in helping solve practical problems that food microbiology is facing now and in the future, the remaining chapters present detailed moleuclar analyses of selective foodborne viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.Key Features: Contains a state of art overview on moleuclar techniques applicable to food microbiology research and development Presents in-depth molecular analysis of selective foodborne viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites Highlights the utility of molecular tecniques for accurate diagnosis and effective control of foodborne diseases Includes expert contributions from international scientists involved in molecular food microbiology research Represents a highly informative textbook for students majoring in food, medical, and veterinary microbiology Offers a contemporary reference for scholars and educators wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in molecular food microbiology With contributions from international scientists involved in molecular food microbiology research, this book constitutes an informative textbook for undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in food, medical, and veterinary microbiology; represents an indispensable guide for food, medical, and veterinary scientists engaged in molecular food microbiology research and development; and offers a contemporary update for scholars and educators trying to keep in touch with the latest developments in molecular food microbiology.
Abortion
In view of the controversy that arises when the subject of abortion comes up, the author, based on his experience, brings to light different perspectives that he considers important for the reader to discern. In the introduction, he clarifies the use of the terms abortion and miscarriage, and elucidates which types of surgery can be established. It highlights the medical opinion that it is considered a safe process. It considers ethical aspects and the patient's right to decide in accordance with her autonomy. It discusses how the beginning of life is considered in the cultures of different societies and other aspects that it deems pertinent. It focuses on how the major religions on the planet deal with the matter, and how peoples with different legislations judge the participants in this practice, as well as bringing several examples of the importance of discussion and positioning of abortion in political and social life. This is a matter for women and doctors, but it is punished by priests following the dogmas of different churches and by jurists obeying the laws voted for by politicians in various parliaments.
Socio-familial factors associated with cannabis abuse
Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide, and seems to be of particular interest to younger populations. To describe the socio-familial factors associated with cannabis abuse and to evaluate the types of substances associated with cannabis. This is a retrospective, descriptive, monocentric study of cannabis-using patients over a 3-year period. Data processing was carried out using Microsoft Office Word and Excel 2016. Among 551 hospitalized patients, 137 had used cannabis, and 88 were selected. The mean age was 24.43 years, and the majority were male (96.6%), 93.2% of whom smoked in groups. Single people (80.7%), young people from single-parent families (63.6%) and forced labourers (56.8%) were most interested in smoking. Group influence (62.5%) dominated the reason for use. The most frequently observed associated substances were alcohol and tobacco (44.3%). Cannabis use is a real public health problem in Antsiranana, and indeed in Madagascar.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare form of toxidermia, one of the severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR). It is a febrile, erythematous, putular cutaneous reaction, most often caused by drugs. It may also be due to a viral infection (enterovirus: coxsackie, echovirus or cytomegalovirus), a toxic substance (mercury) or a food allergen. All ages are concerned. The drugs most often responsible are antibiotics such as beta-lactams and pristinamycin. PEAG is a model of delayed drug hypersensitivity mediated by CD8 T lymphocytes. The onset of this toxidermia is short, ranging from a few hours to a few days. Diagnosis of this dermatosis is based on clinical and para-clinical criteria. These criteria were validated by a score, established in 2001 by the European SCAR study group (EuroSCAR).Clinically, PEAG manifests as a bright red, sometimes scarlatiniform, edematous erythema, undertaking the trunk, limbs, and more particularly the axillary and inguinal folds.
Fixed bullous erythema pigmentosum
Bullous fixed erythema pigmentosum is a severe drug-induced toxidermia requiring specialized management. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of erythema pigmentosum fixe bullosa.We carried out a retrospective descriptive study in the dermatology department of the Habib Thameur Hospital in Tunis over a 17-year period from January 2000 to December 2016 collating 16 cases of erythema pigmentosum fixe bullosa confirmed histologically and by a pharmacovigilance survey. In total, we collected 16 cases of bullous erythema pigmentosum fixe. The mean age of our patients was 42.8 years, with a M/F sex ratio of 1.23. Bullous EPF was localized in 8 cases and generalized in 8. Mucocutaneous involvement was present in 6 patients, isolated cutaneous in 7 and isolated mucosal in 3. Two patients had systemic signs such as fever and altered general condition. Eight patients were treated with dermocorticoids alone, and eight with general corticosteroids and dermocorticoids. Our patients progressed well.
Health and Safety at Work and Professional Environments in Mali
In Mali, the Centre National d'Appareillage Orthop矇dique du Mali (CNAOM) provides specialized orthopedic and rehabilitation services. It also specializes in the design and promotion of appliances and technical aids for disabled people.Objective: To assess physical and chemical hazards in orthopedic appliance manufacturing workshops.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study running from August 1 to August 31, 2020. All orthoprosthetists working in production workshops were included. Technical visits to the premises and a multi-part questionnaire (socio-demographic aspects, working conditions, etc.) were carried out. Data were collected in production areas for environmental metrology (noise, ambient temperature, dust, light).
Thyroid nodules
Thyroid nodules are frequent pathologies and present a common clinical problem. The challenge in their evaluation is to find the right balance between over-treatment, and the risk of missing a thyroid cancer. The management of thyroid nodules must be multidisciplinary, involving endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists and ENT surgeons.Diagnostic strategies were gradually developed to minimize the percentage of nodules requiring surgical management, so that only suspected nodules were operated on. Alongside cervical ultrasound, CPAF is the cornerstone of these strategies for exploring thyroid nodules.
