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Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatobiliary Disorders
In recent years, the management of many diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas has undergone great changes due to the rapid progression of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. For biliary diseases, the constant technological evolution of endoscopic methods such as EUS, ERCP, and cholangioscopy has changed the diagnostic and therapeutic approach and management of many common pathologies, such as biliary lithiasis and its complications. Pancreatology is also constantly evolving, both from a clinical and diagnostic-instrumental point of view, such as in the approach to solid and cystic lesions of the pancreas, due to the increasingly routine use of EUS, both diagnostic and therapeutic, and the new knowledge regarding rarer neoplasms such as neuroendocrine tumors. Beyond that, new technologies based on artificial intelligence are beginning to make their way into gastroenterology. The evaluation of patients with biliopancreatic pathology is becoming increasingly complex and challenging. This reprint presents the latest innovations in the management of pancreatic and biliary tract diseases with the goal of providing the Internal Medicine physician with a state-of-the-art update and insights into the most current innovations.
Updates on Caries Management in the Primary and Permanent Dentition
The aim of the following reprint is to provide the reader with the latest updates on caries management in primary and permanent dentition. This Special Issue contains articles presenting innovative approaches, high-quality clinical, epidemiological, and dental public health research, and translational research in the field of caries management. Focuses include aspects of preventive, non-invasive, minimally invasive, and operative dentistry in children and adults. Primarily, clinical trials are looking, for example, at the use of silver (diamine) fluoride. Interestingly, this product seems to be experiencing a renaissance, leading to an expanded treatment spectrum, especially in pediatric dentistry. Alternatively, non-clinical study types demonstrate the facets of current research in cariology that aim to produce a large body of evidence, such as systematic reviews, or focus on possible clinical implications, such as decision-making in caries management. As a result, readers with both scientific and clinical backgrounds can gain important recent insights into various aspects of cariology from this reprint.
Advances in Glaucoma Management and Intraocular Pressure Physiology
"Advances in Glaucoma Management and Intraocular Pressure Physiology" brings together a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge research on glaucoma, emphasizing both clinical and translational innovations. This reprint highlights innovative clinical and translational studies on aqueous outflow physiology, intraocular pressure measurement, and glaucoma management. Further, it explores groundbreaking developments in pressure-independent neuroprotection, dynamic intraocular pressure monitoring, and ocular biomechanics, which offer insights into glaucoma progression and management. The collection encompasses diverse topics, including the efficacy of novel therapeutics like Rho-kinase inhibitors, the evolving role of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), and advancements in imaging and diagnostic techniques. Key studies investigate retinal ganglion cell function post treatment, 24- and 48-hour intraocular pressure profiles, and the implications of anti-VEGF therapy in glaucoma management. Other contributions address unique challenges in uveitic and pediatric glaucoma while exploring new surgical and medical targets. This reprint serves as an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and specialists aiming to deepen their understanding of glaucoma's complexities and enhance therapeutic approaches to this sight-threatening disease.
Clinical Management of Patients with Heart Failure
This reprint comprises chapters describing new diagnostic approaches, risk assessment strategies, challenges encountered in peculiar patients, innovative drug therapies, and invasive procedural options. It starts by pointing out the prognostic value of several biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up of patients with heart failure. Another aspect is the significance of genetic mutations in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias. Other points of interest in this reprint concern a more accurate evaluation of left ventricular systolic function that involves non-invasive methods (transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography Holter monitoring). Then, this reprint continues by highlighting the important contribution of various cardiovascular complications and comorbidities severely impacting the outcome of patients with heart failure. Another section of this reprint is dedicated to the therapy of chronic heart failure, starting with the importance of non-pharmacological methods and identifying patients with difficulties in their self-management that have resulted in compliance issues. Regarding therapy, special emphasis is given first to optimizing medication and, on the other hand, to employing left ventricular assistance devices, where necessary, or mechanical cardiocirculatory support as a bridge preceding cardiac transplantation. Finally, a special matter of concern is the treatment of acute heart failure where therapeutic strategies are less standardized.
Recent Advances of Avian Viruses Research
This Special Issue includes all research aspects of avian virus research, including the molecular virology, viral immunology, viral pathogenesis, epidemiology, antivirals, novel vaccines, and applications of avian viral vectors, established by various international expert research groups, in order to advance the global understanding of avian pathogens. This Special Issue provides an exceptional example that will lead to more excellent studies in the future.
Synthesis & Biological Evaluation of Thiazolopyrimidine Derivatives
Fundamentals of Anthroposophical Medicine
4 lectures, Stuttgart, October 26-28, 1922 (CW 314)"I think the stimulus given by anthroposophic research to medicine and to natural-scientific thinking ought to be worked out by those who are specialists in the various domains. Indeed, all that comes from anthroposophic investigation regarding medicine and, for instance, physiology, can be no more than a stimulus that must then be worked out empirically. Only on the basis of this empirical study can there arise valid and convincing judgments of the matters in question--and this is the kind of judgment that is needed in the domain of therapy." -- Rudolf Steiner (Oct. 26, 1922)What is the difference between natural science and spiritual science? Dr. Steiner illumines this question and others in these fundamental lectures for understanding of the anthroposophic approach to human illnesses and their treatments.Topics discussed include the structure of the brain; breathing, metabolic, anabolic, and catabolic processes; the human threefold organization and growth forces; the earth, water, air, and fire elements of the human organism.This volume contains four lectures translated from the German text Physiologisch- Therapeutisches auf Grundlage der Geisteswissenschaft (GA 314).
The Washington Manual Endocrinology Subspecialty Consult
Concise, portable, and user-friendly, The Washington Manual(R) Endocrinology Subspecialty Consult, 5th Edition, provides quick access to the essential information needed to evaluate a patient on an endocrinology subspecialty consult service or in the outpatient setting. Edited by Drs. Janet B. McGill, Julie M. Silverstein, and Sina Jasim, this bestselling manual offers state-of-the-art guidance on the history, physical exam, diagnosis, management, and follow-up for various endocrine and metabolic disorders. Ideal for residents cycling through an internal medicine subspecialty clinical rotation or for fellows who need to better understand the fundamentals, the manual is also useful as a first-line resource for internists and other primary care providers. Enables on-the-spot bedside patient diagnosis and management with quick, efficient answers to your fundamental questions about diagnosing and treating endocrine and metabolic disorders Thoroughly revised to include a greater emphasis on treatment and therapies, including coverage of new drugs and expanded content on transgender medicine and diabetes devices Uses a consistent format throughout and outlines symptoms, signs, and problems in bulleted lists for easy, everyday reference Written by specialty fellows and faculty in the Department of Medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis The Washington Manual(R) is a registered mark belonging to Washington University in St. Louis to which international legal protection applies. The mark is used in this publication by Wolters Kluwer Health under license from Washington University.
Formulation and Optimization of Lamivudine Microspheres
The main objective of the present work was to develop a formulation with increased therapeutic efficacy, reduced frequency of administration and improved patient compliance by developing sustained release microspheres of Lamivudine using different polymers to study its functionality for sustained release of drug from microspheres formulations. Different concentrations of polymers like sodium alginate, HPMC, sodium CMC, chitosan was selected for the study. Microspheres were prepared by using ionic- gelation method. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, flow properties, drug content, entrapment efficiency. After evaluation of physical properties of microspheres, the in vitro release study was performed in 0.1 N HCl as buffer for 2 hrs. after that replace with 6.8 phosphate buffer up to 8hrs. After 8 hrs. of study microspheres with sodium CMC showed maximum release (88.2%). Among all the formulations F7 which contain 200 mg of sodium CMC release the drug which follows first order kinetics. The optimized formulation of sodium CMC (F7) was subjected to stability with respect to release pattern.
Surface and Interface Modification of Graphite and Graphene-Based Materials for Energy and Sensor Applications
Surface and Interface Modification of Graphite and Graphene-Based Materials for Energy and Sensor Applications delves into the latest advancements in carbon-based materials, focusing on how their surface and interface modifications enhance performance in critical applications. This comprehensive collection covers topics such as energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, biosensors, and environmental monitoring devices. Featuring cutting-edge research on the synthesis and functionalization of graphite and graphene composites, the Special Issue highlights the importance of optimizing these materials for use in supercapacitors, gas sensors, liquid sensors, and more.Written by leading experts in the field, this Reprint serves as an essential reference for researchers, engineers, and professionals working in materials science, nanotechnology, and renewable energy. It is particularly relevant for those seeking to harness the unique properties of graphite and graphene for innovative solutions in energy and sensing technologies. Whether you are developing next-generation batteries or creating ultra-sensitive biosensors, this volume offers valuable insights into the future of carbon-based materials.
From Molecules to Materials, Devices and Processes
This Special Issue was launched in connection with the joint XIII National Congress of AICIng (the Italian Association of Chemistry for Engineering) and the II National Congress of the Division of Chemistry for the Technologies of the Italian Chemical Society, held at the Politecnico di Milano (Italy) from 25 to 28 June 2023. The aim of the Congress was to present and discuss recent advances in fundamental and applied chemistry in the fields of new or improved technologies, comprising compounds, materials, or processes. In this Special Issue, we pointed out that chemistry provides a molecular-level tool, allowing for significant advances in current and novel technologies in a wide range of fields. In this Special Issue, we collected selected relevant examples of the chemical foundations of the technologies that produced the new, scientific, and technologically innovative results obtained in Italy and elsewhere, in which various methodologies and approaches were used to design new products, materials, or processes in a wide range of fields.
Photocatalytic Materials and Photocatalytic Reactions
Photocatalysis is a chemical process that utilizes light energy to accelerate thermodynamically demanding reactions. It offers a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for energy production and environmental remediation. With the increasing demand for clean energy and the need to mitigate environmental pollution, photocatalytic research has gained significant momentum. In recent years, photocatalysis has been rapidly developed, and numerous new photocatalysts and photocatalytic reactions have been explored. However, designing advanced photocatalysts, understanding their structure-dependent properties, and seeking new photocatalytic reactions remain prominent challenges. Herein, various photocatalytic materials, including metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, metallo-organic compounds, g-C3N4, clusters, LSPR, magnetic materials and heterojunction/composite materials, etc., are introduced. The photocatalytic applications in hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, organic synthesis, environmental remediation, disinfection, toxicity, and dual-function photoredox reactions are also studied. We hope that these works can inspire other researchers and lead to new developments and breakthroughs in the field of photocatalysis.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
This reprint is devoted to the oral microbe Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its associated distinctive form of rapidly destructive periodontitis that results in early tooth loss, predominantly occurring in adolescents and children of African descent. Three chapters are related to the biological and clinical characteristics of the disease, while six chapters are devoted genetic features uniquely suited for local disruption of the host's homeostatic balance. The final two chapters illustrate how a deep molecular understanding of A. actinomycetemcomitans has been used to develop therapies for diseases such as staphylococcal infections and leukemias. The reprint illustrates A. actinomycetemcomitans's 1) highly adaptable nature, 2) its influence on its microbial cohorts, 3) its modulation of local host responsiveness, and 4) its relationship to tissue damage, microbial survival tactics, and metabolic and competitive ecological strategies. These microbe-related processes can be applied to other infectious diseases. The Damage-Response Framework is illustrated as the most appropriate way to consider this microbe, its effect on its host, and the relationship of time to the extent of damage or repair.
Valvular Heart Disease
Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) affects over six million Americans and is associated with changes in the mechanical properties of valve leaflets, resulting in impaired valvular blood flow. CAVD is a fibrocalcific disease with multifactorial risk factors that are related to the complex environment where the aortic valve (AV) resides. This special issue focuses on the field of heart disease, exploring the relationship between heart valve disease, arrhythmia, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease, as well as research progress on new treatment strategies and risk prediction.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
In the last 25 years we have witnessed a change in the approach to rheumatoid arthritis. These changes have made it possible to modify the clinical course and prognosis of the disease, with the subsequent improvement in the quality of life of our patients. This Special Issue explores the most important changes that have occurred in recent years. It starts with an excellent point of view on preclinical arthritis and how we must treat it, considering the window of therapeutic opportunity. Next, because the RA is a condition that predominantly affects women, we discuss the disease through the lens of gender, empathizing the need for this perspective to achieve better research results and personalized medicine. Regarding treatment, the issue takes a journey that begins with the necessity of changing the old paradigm of treatment and the necessity of advancing DMARD lines. We then continue with the anchor drug, methotrexate, and its toxicity then advancing with the real-world persistence of Janus kinase inhibitors, sex differences in response to JAKi and infections related to these drugs. Finally, we examine comorbidities, starting with the Interstitial lung disease, Neutropenia and Felty syndrome and the relevance of radiographic progression. I hope that the issue can be useful for clinicians, rheumatologists, internal medicine specialists, primary care physicians, hematologists, pneumologists, etc. involved in the care of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Updates on Imaging of Common Urogenital Neoplasms
Urogenital neoplasms represent some of the most common malignancies. Advances in imaging have proved vital in early cancer detection and accurate tumor staging, as well as adequate treatment planning, monitoring of the disease, and enhanced surveillance of recurrences after treatment in patients with genitourinary cancers. The aim of this Reprint is to present the role of current imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography, in the follow-up of patients with urogenital neoplasms. The potential applications of novel imaging tools are also discussed. This Reprint contains 10 articles and deals with gynecologic malignancies, testicular tumors, renal masses, and urothelial neoplasms.
Nutrition Interventions for Healthy Ageing
Ageing is associated with several factors potentially affecting nutritional status. These may be environmental (lack of resources, feelings of loneliness or social isolation, etc.) or biomedical (loss of appetite, taste, or smell, slower metabolism, decreased sense of thirst, pain in teeth and gums, etc.). This exposes older adults to numerous potential complications such as cardiovascular problems, phosphocalcium metabolism disorders, sarcopenia, functional dependence, and death. The challenge for specialists in the field of ageing is, therefore, to manage and ideally prevent these nutritional disorders to promote successful ageing. This Reprint collects research on epidemiological, clinical, and biological aspects of nutrition and the impacts of nutritional interventions in older adults.
Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas in Palliative and End-Of-Life Care
Solid Dispersions - An Approach to Enhance the Dissolution Rate
Aromatic Anticonvulsants and their effects on mitochondrial function
A Guide to Pharmacist for Responding Symptoms of Minor Ailments
Advances in Orbital, Oculoplastic and Lacrimal Surgery
This Special issue focuses on current state-of-the-art orbital, oculoplastic, and lacrimal surgeries. It comprehensively covers various aspects, including orbital inflammatory conditions, orbital blowout fractures, fractures of the orbital walls, dacryoendoscopy, and thyroid eye disease, among others.
Nursing Care in the ICU
The ICU environment is challenging for both patients and staff. The management of critically ill patients is extremely demanding, and the workload and knowledge level required of staff are high. ICU nurses are responsible for the care and treatment of patients in an unstable and/or critical clinical state, assessment of therapies, and the performance of high-intensity interventions. ICU nursing practice includes crucial clinical decisions based on the best available scientific evidence, clinical experience, and patient preferences. ICU nurses carry out specific, autonomous, or complementary interventions of a technical-scientific, managerial, relational, and educational nature; plan healthcare assistance through scientifically validated tools; and identify, analyze, calculate, and treat risks related to care provision by systematically evaluating healthcare outcomes. This reprint consists of eleven chapters, including eight research reports, one review, and two case reports, and is dedicated to the valuable, hardworking, and respected ICU nursing staff.
