Genossenschaften und Kriegsstatistik
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Die Kriegsgesetzgebung
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Umsatzsteuer und Konsumvereine
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Country Diagnostic Study on Long-Term Care in Sri Lanka
This publication presents a study on the availability and provision of long-term care (LTC) in Sri Lanka. It discusses findings from the analysis and offers recommendations for the development of LTC systems in the country. Contributing to the development of an in-depth knowledge base on LTC, the publication explores the need for and supply of care, regulatory and policy frameworks, service provision, quality management, human resources, and financing. It is one of six country diagnostic studies--the others on Indonesia, Mongolia, Tonga, Thailand, and Viet Nam--prepared under the ADB technical assistance 9111: Strengthening Developing Member Countries' Capacity in Elderly Care.
Accelerating Sustainable Development after COVID-19
This publication provides an overview of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) bonds as a mechanism to help mobilize the financing required to achieve the SDGs in developing Asia. The importance of development that provides for equitable economic growth and the sustainable use of natural resources has become increasingly apparent during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has emphasized the need for a renewed focus on achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition to its analysis of the current SDG bond market in the region, the publication proposes a new type of SDG bond that could contribute to accelerating sustainable development in the region.
Makro繹konomische Kosten und Nutzen nicht-pharmazeutischer Interventionen
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich VWL - Makro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,3, Universit瓣t der Bundeswehr M羹nchen, Neubiberg (Institut f羹r ?konomie und Recht der globalen Wirtschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Folgenden sollen genauer die Effekte und Wirkungsrichtungen der nicht-pharmazeutischen Interventionen auf das gesamtvolkswirtschaftliche Gleichgewicht untersucht werden. Insbesondere soll der Nutzen dieser nicht-pharmazeutischen Interventionen im Zusammenhang mit einer geringeren Anzahl an Infizierten definiert werden. Auch im Verh瓣ltnis zu m繹glichen Folgen eines Verzichts auf s瓣mtliche Eind瓣mmungsma?nahmen wird untersucht, inwieweit die 繹konomischen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie aus den staatlichen Ma?nahmen zur Eind瓣mmung der wirtschaftlichen Aktivit瓣t resultieren. Kapitel 1 umfasst die Analyse der Kosten der nicht-pharmazeutischen Interventionen. Daf羹r erfolgt eine Analyse im AS-AD-Modell sowie mittels einer alternativen Darstellung. Kapitel 2 analysiert die Folgen eines Laissez-Faire-Szenarios bevor in Kapitel 3 der 繹konomische Nutzen von nicht-pharmazeutischen Interventionen definiert wird.
The Two-Sector Model of General Equilibrium
Originally published in 1971, this book presents in a lucid form the basic model of distribution in a two-sector general equilibrium system. While this model has been used by many economists, this was the first synoptic exposition of it to become readily available to students.
Modelling Trends and Cycles in Economic Time Series
Modelling trends and cycles in economic time series has a long history, with the use of linear trends and moving averages forming the basic tool kit of economists until the 1970s. Several developments in econometrics then led to an overhaul of the techniques used to extract trends and cycles from time series. In this second edition, Terence Mills expands on the research in the area of trends and cycles over the last (almost) two decades, to highlight to students and researchers the variety of techniques and the considerations that underpin their choice for modelling trends and cycles.
Economic Nationalism in Old and New States
Originally published in 1968, this book brings together contributions from social scientists in anthropology, economic history, economics and political science in an exploration of the nature and effects of economic nationalism.
Economic Policies Towards Less Developed Countries
Originally published in 1967, this book examines the major problems of trade and aid policy posed for the developed countries by the UN Conference on Trade and Development in 1964.
Natural Resource Pricing and Rents
This book examines the economics of natural resource markets and pricing, as well as the field of natural resource economics in general. It presents the key contributions to this field of research, including the pioneering works and contemporary studies. The book highlights the basic principles and ideas underlying theoretical models of resource pricing. The models considered in the book underline the fundamental determinants of resource prices and the economic nature of rents for non-renewable and renewable resources. Besides the classical theory of exhaustible resource economics, the book includes several issues that are of high importance for global economic growth, such as the transition to alternative energy and the economics of climate change. The authors also consider the issues of commodity pricing and a resource cartel's activity that are relevant to the world oil market.The book provides analytical solutions illustrated with numerical examples. It allows an intuitive understanding of the subject and the model inferences through graphical illustrations and an informal introduction. It, therefore, is a must-read for everybody interested in a better understanding of resource prices, resource markets, and resource economics.
Economics of Agricultural Development
This book examines the causes, severity, and effects of poverty, population growth, and malnutrition in developing countries. It discusses potential solutions to these problems, progress made in many countries in recent years, and the implications of globalization for agriculture, poverty, and the environment.
The Effects of the Global Pandemic Process on the Social and Economic Structure and Public Policies in Combating the Pandemic
The COVID-19 affects both people's health and socio-economic structures around the world. Measures were adopted to contain the pandemic suppressed economic activity, leading to stagnation and contraction. Such contractions impacted on employment; losing jobs and income levels turned the contractions into severe fiscal and economic crisis. The study examines the effects of the pandemic on socio-economic structures and the effectiveness of public policies. It reveals that some countries successfully managed the pandemic while others lead to deepen its negative effects. Social and economic policies that were decisive in successes and failures are examined through comparative descriptive analyses within a framework in each chapter. This study is hoped to serve as a guide for policy-makers in such circumstances.
Perspectives on Global Development 2021 from Protest to Progress?
Since its first edition in 2010, the OECD Development Centre's Perspectives on Global Development report has tracked development trends and policy priorities in developing countries. This new report examines the phenomenon of discontent. Between the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, discontent surged around the world.
The Grand Pattern of Development and the Transition of Institutions
The culmination of a long-lasting and impressive research program, this book summarizes the relationship between economic development with income on the one hand and the evolution of institutions on the other; the transition of countries from one economic and social system to another. The author considers the transitions of two types of institutions: The first is external; it is legal-administrative systems with staff and buildings. The political system and the economic system are considered. The second consists of traditions and beliefs. Here corruption and religiosity are considered. Contrary to the claim that institutions are causal to development, this book demonstrates that the main direction of causality is from income to institutions. As countries get wealthy, they become secular democracies with low corruption and a mixed economic system. In this impressive coda, Paldam shows that the evolution of institutions is not causal to the economic growth process but rather follows it.
Disaster Resilience in Asia-A Special Supplement 0f Asia’s Journey to Prosperity
This supplement discusses disaster risk, resilience and risk management in Asia and the Pacific. It highlights policy lessons for disaster resilience and pandemic recovery.Asia and the Pacific has seen tremendous economic and social progress since the 1960s. Yet, the region remains vulnerable to natural hazards and to rising disaster risk that threatens its hard-won gains. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has illustrated how high the human and economic costs of disasters can be. This supplement focuses on disasters triggered by natural hazards, explores the effects of COVID-19 and policy responses, and highlights lessons from across the region.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
From one of the nation's preeminent experts on economic policy, a major reassessment of the foundations of modern economic thinking that explores the profound influence of an until-now unrecognized force--religion. "Friedman has given us an original and brilliant new perspective on the terrifying divisions of our own times. No book could be more important." --George A. Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics Critics of contemporary economics complain that belief in free markets--among economists as well as many ordinary citizens--is a form of religion. And, it turns out, that in a deeper, more historically grounded sense there is something to that idea. Contrary to the conventional historical view of economics as an entirely secular product of the Enlightenment, Benjamin M. Friedman demonstrates that religion exerted a powerful influence from the outset. Friedman makes clear how the foundational transition in thinking about what we now call economics, beginning in the eighteenth century, was decisively shaped by the hotly contended lines of religious thought within the English-speaking Protestant world. Beliefs about God-given human character, about the after-life, and about the purpose of our existence, were all under scrutiny in the world in which Adam Smith and his contemporaries lived. Friedman explores how those debates go far in explaining the puzzling behavior of so many of our fellow citizens whose views about economic policies--and whose voting behavior--seems sharply at odds with what would be to their own economic benefit. Illuminating the origins of the relationship between religious thinking and economic thinking, together with its ongoing consequences, Friedman provides invaluable insights into our current economic policy debates and demonstrates ways to shape more functional policies for all citizens.
Gold, Silver and Freedom
Your money has been stolen and your freedom is being stolen from you as you read this.What, you didn't know? That's okay, neither do most people.In 2020 the money is digital and big government is everywhere. Government so big that they say you need their permission to leave the house, work, travel or meet friends and family. It wasn't always like this. Just 110 years ago, the money was made of gold and silver and saying hello to the postman was the only contact with government for most people.This huge change in society has largely gone unnoticed. How it happened, where COVID-19 fits in and where technology may take us is laid out in "Gold, Silver and Freedom: The Greatest Theft Never Known". There's even insights on how to protect your savings, regain some sanity and find a piece of freedom once more.Who knows, you may find you need it in the years ahead?
The Positive Deviant
An economy low in carbon and high in life satisfaction will require thousands, if not millions of exceptional leaders. This book is the first to bring together sustainability knowledge with the leadership skills and tools to help you become one of those leaders. In it you will find everything you need to get started straight away, and to grow your effectiveness, even in a world that remains perversely intent on the opposite. Whether you are new to the whole idea of sustainability, or reasonably well informed but not entirely confident about what to do for the best, this guide will help you 'do' sustainability. Free of checklists and policy recommendations, the focus is on you, and on developing your capacity to identify the right thing to do wherever you are and whatever your circumstances. This is essential reading for those in or aspiring to sustainability-literate leadership, and a must for all those teaching leadership and management.
Financial Markets and Economic Performance
Explores the interplay between financial markets and macroeconomic outcomes with a conceptual framework Emphasizes the interrelationships between four markets: goods, credit (both bank and bond market channels), equity capital, and foreign exchange Provides insight on how to anticipate market change and future price paths
Global Water Funding
Is safe and sustainable water and sanitation for all an unaffordable pipedream? This book surveys the worldwide development of water and sewage services and the challenges in meeting Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) along with climate change, population growth and urbanisation. It explores the reasons why current SDG6 progress is failing, including weak policy implementation, staff shortages and inadequate funding, as well as the limited impact of aid funding. The author contends that despite a series of innovations, debt finance remains too small to address needs of developing economies. Therefore, instead of advocating new funding, this book proposes addressing the funding gap through technological innovation and more efficient management and procurement through a series of examples that have challenged traditional assumptions. After four decades of good intentions, SDG6 is making a difference in monitoring shortfalls for the first time, allowing for more effective responses. This book outlines the role of innovation in hardware development, procurement and installation, and discusses how network management and operations can most effectively address funding gaps. The potential for savings is considerable, if effectively replicated. New approaches are driving forward affordable resilience, including nature-based solutions such as upstream habitat enhancement to retain water and improve downstream water quality; the circular economy, including water, nutrient, energy and heat recovery from wastewater; and demand management. This book will be of great value to scholars, policy makers and practitioners interested in the global finance of sustainable water and sanitation.
A Planetary Economy
This book asks, how would a stable, prosperous economy of the future look if one started with a blank sheet of paper? Given that the world's economy is locked into a coevolution with nature, the urgency of this question is brought into stark relief by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic and ongoing climate change. While physical technologies to build such an economy mostly exist, the social technologies, in the form of institutions, governance and policies, do not. The development of these social technologies will necessitate a reconsideration of economic norms: in particular, what is the economy for, and what are we, as actors within it, striving for? This book integrates normative, institutional, political and economic requirements into a systematic framework to drive our present growth economy toward a future planetarian one. It outlines a suite of interrelated policies to increase the economy's material efficiency, establish a basic living standard, and reform the money system, while along the way eliminating economic debt and balancing government budgets. The framework and policies together form a paradigm of market planetarianism: the idea that the power of markets may be used to steer the economy toward a desired long-term goal. The methodological aspects of this paradigm are covered in the companion volume, Economics of a Crowded Planet.
The General Economic Theory
This book develops a general economic theory that integrates various economic theories and ideas and establishes important relationships between economic variables that are not formally recognized in the economic literature. The author demonstrates how the basic model is integrated with neoclassical growth theory, Walrasian general equilibrium theory, and Ricardian distribution theory, and how these theories can be incorporated through a single set of equations with a microeconomic basis. The book offers new insights into income and wealth distribution between heterogeneous households, racial and national differences in growth and development, interdependence between different stock variables with portfolio choices among different markets. It will appeal to scholars of economists interested in an integrative theoretical approach to this discipline.
Advanced Studies of Financial Technologies and Cryptocurrency Markets
This book shows that research contributions from different fields--finance, economics, computer sciences, and physics--can provide useful insights into key issues in financial and cryptocurrency markets. Presenting the latest empirical and theoretical advances, it helps readers gain a better understanding of financial markets and cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to use a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending and to control its issue without the need for a central authority, and it has attracted wide public attention since its introduction. In recent years, the academic community has also started gaining interest in cyptocurrencies, and research in the field has grown rapidly. This book presents is a collection of the latest work on cryptocurrency markets and the properties of those markets. This book will appeal to graduate students and researchers from disciplines such as finance, economics, financial engineering, computer science, physics and applied mathematics working in the field of financial markets, including cryptocurrency markets.
Female Entrepreneurs in the Long Nineteenth Century
"This volume challenges those who see gender inequalities invariably defining and constraining the lives of women. But it also broadens the conversation about the degree to which business is a gender-blind institution, owned and managed by entrepreneurs whose gender identities shape and reflect economic and cultural change." - Mary A. Yeager, Professor Emerita, University of California, Los AngelesThis is the first book to consider nineteenth-century businesswomen from a global perspective, moving beyond European and trans-Atlantic frameworks to include many other corners of the world. The women in these pages, who made money and business decisions for themselves rather than as employees, ran a wide variety of enterprises, from micro-businesses in the 'grey market' to large factories with international reach. They included publicans and farmers, midwives and property developers, milliners and plumbers, pirates and shopkeepers. Female Entrepreneurs in the Long Nineteenth Century: A Global Perspective rejects the notion that nineteenth-century women were restricted to the home. Despite a variety of legal and structural restrictions, they found ways to make important but largely unrecognised contributions to economies around the world - many in business. Their impact on the economy and the economy's impact on them challenge gender historians to think more about business and business historians to think more about gender and create a global history that is inclusive of multiple perspectives.Chapter one of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Chapter One: China's Belt and Road Initiative: Introduction and Overview.Chapter Two: Proliferating Major Power Infrastructure Initiatives.Chapter Three: Potential Economic Impact of BRI: A CGE Analysis.Chapter Four: Perception Survey of Asian Opinion Leaders.Chapter Five: BRI and Southeast Asia.Chapter Six: BRI and South Asia.Chapter Seven: BRI and Central Asia.- Chapter Eight: Policy Recommendations.
Supporting Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa - Volume I
This edited volume explores and dissects Africa's economic growth and sustainable development using an optimal conceptual model of the progressive continent's development up to and until 2030. Africa is studied not against the background of developed (OECD) and leading developing (e.g. BRICS) countries, but as a separate economy and as a self-sufficient region which follows its own priorities, and implements its own unique opportunities and vectors of growth and development. This first volume addresses the contemporary and topical issues of inclusive growth, digital modernisation, and sustainable development, recommending policy outcomes for the future.
Money, going out of style
"Uses vivid, accessible prose to demystify a whole battery of financial concepts, including global trade, and... cryptocurrency... A gripping and thought-provoking look at what currency truly means in the modern world." - KIRKUS REVIEWSWhat is money? Why are trillions of dollars, euros, pounds, and yen being printed, but not spent, and what does this reveal about the state of our society?Money, as we know it, was born in 1971 when currencies unlinked from gold. During its adolescence, money was hyperactive, causing rampant inflation. Three decades of mature growth followed. But as it reaches the age of fifty, money is changing again, and facing a figurative mid-life crisis.Money: Going Out of Style first offers the reader a clear understanding of economics and the role of money, by following a fictional island tribe as they develop money and an ever more sophisticated economy. The book never forgets that money is secondary to the real economy of goods, services, and tools.Armed with this deeper appreciation of money and economics, the book returns to the present day to examine money's midlife crisis: the effect of rising inequality, the puzzle of near-zero interest rates, and how this is causing money to go out of style.
Trade Wars Are Class Wars
A provocative look at how today's trade conflicts are caused by governments promoting the interests of elites at the expense of workers Winner of the Lionel Gelber Prize - Longlisted for the Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award - A Best Business Book of the Year by Strategy + Business - Selected by Financial Times as one of "Five Books to Boost Your Understanding of Tariffs and Trade Wars" "The authors weave a complex tapestry of monetary, fiscal and social policies through history and offer opinions about what went right and what went wrong. . . . Worth reading for their insights into the history of trade and finance."--George Melloan, Wall Street Journal Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought-provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace--and what we can do about it.
Operations Management in China
This book provides understanding how to make and buy products from China. The author takes readers inside Chinese organizations and shows how factories are built, labor is managed, goods are sourced, quality is controlled, and logistics are handled. Through this immersion experience, readers are able to see the opportunities and pitfalls in manufacturing in China.
Nachhaltige Entwicklung im Kontext Food Waste. Das Unterrichtsprojekt "Teller statt Tonne - durch Fairteilung von Lebensmitteln"
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Gesundheits繹konomie, Note: 2, Universit瓣t Koblenz-Landau, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Bachelorarbeit er繹rtert die Konsequenzen und Gr羹nde von Lebensmittelverschwendung und stellt darauf aufbauend eine vielerorts 羹bertragbare Vermeidungsma?nahme dar, die den Zielen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung Rechnung tr瓣gt. Die Vergeudung von Lebensmitteln widerspricht dem gegenw瓣rtigen Trend des Nachhaltigkeitsgedankens und ist aus mehreren Sichten problematisch. Neben ethischen Aspekten im Hinblick auf die Millionen Hungernden unserer Erde, haben unsere Essgewohnheiten laut WWF und Umweltbundesamt die gr繹?ten Auswirkungen auf unser ?kosystem. Angesichts des zunehmendes Klimawandels und der wachsenden Weltbev繹lkerung stellt es eine globale Herausforderung dar, die Ern瓣hrungsgrundlage auch langfristig zu sichern. Das wohl gr繹?te Problem der heutigen Industrienationen ist es, dass Lebensmittel nicht mehr als das angesehen werden, was sie eigentlich sind: MITTEL zum LEBEN und ?berleben. Aus diesem Grund m羹ssen vor allem junge Menschen fr羹hzeitig sensibilisiert werden, welche 繹kologischen, 繹konomischen und sozialen Auswirkungen unser Konsum- und Wegwerfverhalten hat. Das entwickelte Projekt "Teller statt Tonne - durch Fairteilung von Lebensmitteln" wird mit Sch羹lerinnen und Sch羹lern der Grundschule durchgef羹hrt, bietet aber Potenzial es f瓣cher- und schul羹bergreifend einzusetzen.
Manufacturing, Technology, and Economic Growth
This in-depth study compares and contrasts how manufacturing and technology have been employed by both major powers and the "Newly Industrialized Countries" since 1945 as an effective tool for sustained economic growth.
Financial Deregulation
A wave of liberalization swept the developed world at end of the twentieth century. From the 1970s and 1980s onwards, most developed countries have passed various measures to liberalize and modernize the financial markets. Each country had its agenda, but most of them have experienced, to a different extent, a change in regulatory regime. This change, often labeled deregulation and associated with the advent of neoliberalism, was sharply contrasting with the previous era of the Bretton Woods system, which has sometimes been portrayed as an era of financial repression. On the other hand, a quick glance at financial regulation today - at the amount of paper it produces, at its complexity, at the number of people involved, and at the resources invested in it - is enough to say that, somehow, there is more regulation today than ever before. In the new system, financial regulation has taken unprecedented importance. As more archival material is becoming available, a better understanding of the fundamental changes in the regulatory environment towards the end of the twentieth century is now possible. What kind of change exactly was deregulation? Did competition between financial regulators lead to a race to the bottom in regulation? Is deregulation responsible for the recurring financial crises which seem to have characterised the international financial system since the 1980s? The movement towards a more liberal regulatory regime was neither linear nor simple. This book - a collection of chapters studying deregulation in various countries and contexts - examines the national and international pathways of deregulation by providing an in-depth analysis of a short but crucial period in a few major countries.
History of Japanese Economic Thought
Traces the principal currents in Japanese economic thought since the first half of the 19th century and shows how these currents have been influenced by the changing economic and social environment within Japan.
Karl Marx and the Close of His System
Has Marx himself solved his own problem? Has his completed system remained true to itself and to facts, Or not? To inquire into this question is the task of the following pages.
B繹hm-Bawerk’s Criticism of Marx
Rudolf Hilferding has proved the untenability of economic Marxism, and confidently announces that "the beginning of the end of the labor theory of value" has been inaugurated by the publication of the third volume of Capital. Since his criticism deals with principles, since he does not attack isolated and arbitrarily selected points or conclusions, but questions and reflects as untenable the very foundation of the Marxist system, possibility is afforded for a fruitful discussion. But since the Marxist system has to be dealt with in its entirety, this discussion must be more detailed than that which is requisite to meet the objections of the eclectics, objections based upon misunderstanding and concerned only with individual details.
Economic Growth and Development Policy
This book provides the theoretical and analytical background necessary to understanding the process of growth and the implementation of economic policies. First, it presents the growth theory landscape and the evolution of growth as well as modern growth theory arguments where the policy implications of the theoretical approaches are set. The book then covers the relationship between policy and growth, discussing not only the growth prototypes that prevail but also their relation to politics and economic policy formation and decision making. In this context, policy formation determinants, as well as the targets, instruments, and policy implementations, are crucial. The role of structural changes and structural reforms and their relationship with economic growth is also analyzed. The book ends with an interdisciplinary study of how institutions and cultural background, entrepreneurship and innovation affect policy formation.
OECD Development Pathways Multi-Dimensional Review of the Western Balkans Assessing Opportunities and Constraints
The Western Balkans region has come a long way over the last two decades in achieving economic and social progress. With a population of 17.6 million, the region today boasts a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of close to EUR 100 billion, an average GDP per capita of about EUR 5 400 and a comprehensive process of integration with the European Union.
Twilight of an Industry in East Africa
Cotton textile industries vanished from much of East Africa during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This book investigates the underlying causes of industrial arrest in the region through a series of in-depth case studies. Findings are considered in light of existing studies on comparatively more resilient textile centers elsewhere on the continent to derive insights into the determinants of differing industrial trajectories across sub-Saharan Africa. The author argues that scholars have placed undue weight on global forces as the primary drivers of industrial decline in the Global South. Rather, this book reveals how local factors - principally demographic, geographic, and institutional features - interacted with external forces to influence unique regional outcomes during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as sub-Saharan African was increasingly integrated into global trade networks and European colonial empires.
Productivity
This book develops the theory of productivity measurement using the empirical index number approach. The theory uses multiplicative indices and additive indicators as measurement tools, instead of relying on the usual neo-classical assumptions, such as the existence of a production function characterized by constant returns to scale, optimizing behavior of the economic agents, and perfect foresight. The theory can be applied to all the common levels of aggregation (micro, meso, and macro), and half of the book is devoted to accounting for the links existing between the various levels. Basic insights from National Accounts are thereby used. The final chapter is devoted to the decomposition of productivity change into the contributions of efficiency change, technological change, scale effects, and input or output mix effects. Applications on real-life data demonstrate the empirical feasibility of the theory. The book is directed to a variety of overlapping audiences: statisticians involved in measuring productivity change; economists interested in growth accounting; researchers relating macro-economic productivity change to its industrial sources; enterprise micro-data researchers; and business analysts interested in performance measurement.
Keynes on Uncertainty and Tragic Happiness
Most economists who read the General Theory candidly admitted that they could not understand the theoretical apparatus and found it easy to recast it in traditional terms. This book provides a masterful guide to the generally unrecognized methodological revolution that supported the new theoretical concepts -- a veritable lodestone that complements and expands understanding on the treatment of the economic magnitudes appropriate to the ideal of generality in the social sciences, to the applicability of probability, to the formulation of decision-making under uncertainty, and the foundations of economic policy in interdependent economic systems. _Jan Kregel, Levy Economics InstituteAnna Carabelli sets out Keynes's understanding of economics as a way of thinking, encompassing method and morals, rather than as a doctrine. She does so with her customary admirable scholarship and also her willingness to take controversial positions. I commend the volume most highly to Keynes scholars as a drawing-together and development of the themes that Carabelli has pursued since the publication of her 1988 classic, On Keynes's Method. Further Keynes's approach was designed to be applied to different contexts, so I enthusiastically recommend the volume also as a foundation and guide for anyone open to such a 'new way of reasoning in economics' for the modern era. _Sheila Dow, University of Stirling This book examines the philosophy and methodology of Keynes, highlighting its novelty and how it presented a new form of economic reasoning. Exploring Keynes's use of non-demonstrative logic, based onprobability, commonalities are found in his economics, ethics, aesthetics, and international relations. Insights are provided into his reasoning and his approach to uncertainty, rationality, measurability of complex magnitudes, moral and rational dilemmas, and irreducible conflicts.This book investigates methodological continuity within Keynes's work, in particular in relation to uncertainty, complexity, incommensurability, happiness and openness. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in Keynes, probability, ambiguity, ethics and the history of economic thought.
Multiple Q and Investment in Japan
In this book, a framework of the investment function is developed that allows for the heterogeneity of capital goods, i.e., the Multiple q model, and investment behavior in Japan by employing this Multiple q framework is developed. The standard approach to investment behavior is Tobin's q theory in which the investment rate is a linear function of only the q ratio, or a firm's market value measured by its capital goods. As is well known, however, its empirical performance has been almost universally unsatisfactory. Thus the development of a new framework.The authors inquire into and statistically test null hypotheses set on such issues as (a) heterogeneity of multiple capital goods, (b) non-convex adjustment costs to inspire lumpy investment, (c) differences in the adjustment costs in accumulating capital stock through new purchases, second-hand market acquisitions, and large-scale repairs, and (d) capital market imperfections.The test results show that, irrespective of the time period, firms' size, and the industry to which firms belong, (a) multiple capital goods are not homogeneous, (b) some firms face adjustment cost structures that eventually lead to occasional lumpy investment, (c) the method of acquiring investment matters in accumulating capital stock, and (d) capital market imperfections would constrain some lumpy investment.This book is published in cooperation with the Research Institute of Capital Formation, Development Bank of Japan.
Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994) and the Rise of Economic Expertise
Jan Tinbergen was the first Nobel Prize winner in Economics and one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. This book argues that his crucial contribution is the theory of economic policy and the legitimation of economic expertise in service of the state. It traces his youthful socialist ideals which found political direction in the Plan-socialist movement of the 1930s for which he developed new economic models to combat the Great Depression. After World War II he was able to synthesize that work into a theory of economic policy which not only provided a lasting framework for economic policy around the world, but also secured a permanent place for economic experts close to government. The book then turns to an examination of his attempt to repeat this achievement in the development projects in the Global South and at the international level for the United Nations.
The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity
The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community explores the intersection of ethnicity and class within the context of Japanese Americans, particularly focusing on the role of economic factors in fostering ethnic solidarity. The book challenges traditional views of ethnicity as a primordial bond rooted in common ancestry, emphasizing that ethnic affiliation is not a natural phenomenon, but a social construct that can be influenced by economic interests. It argues that ethnic groups, particularly middleman minorities like Japanese Americans, often mobilize around shared economic activities, such as small business ownership, to create solidarity. When ethnic groups fail to maintain a strong economic base, their ethnic ties tend to weaken. The book presents a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between ethnicity and class, using Japanese Americans as a case study. It explores how, historically, the Japanese American community engaged in small businesses as a means of economic adaptation, which in turn helped to preserve a strong ethnic identity. The study shows that this economic model enabled Japanese Americans to develop a sense of community, despite facing racial discrimination and economic challenges. Additionally, the book highlights the differences between the experiences of Japanese Americans and other racial minorities, such as African Americans, emphasizing that the unique economic role of Japanese Americans led to different conflicts and outcomes. The work provides an important analysis of middleman minorities and contributes to broader discussions on ethnic and economic identity. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity
The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community explores the intersection of ethnicity and class within the context of Japanese Americans, particularly focusing on the role of economic factors in fostering ethnic solidarity. The book challenges traditional views of ethnicity as a primordial bond rooted in common ancestry, emphasizing that ethnic affiliation is not a natural phenomenon, but a social construct that can be influenced by economic interests. It argues that ethnic groups, particularly middleman minorities like Japanese Americans, often mobilize around shared economic activities, such as small business ownership, to create solidarity. When ethnic groups fail to maintain a strong economic base, their ethnic ties tend to weaken. The book presents a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between ethnicity and class, using Japanese Americans as a case study. It explores how, historically, the Japanese American community engaged in small businesses as a means of economic adaptation, which in turn helped to preserve a strong ethnic identity. The study shows that this economic model enabled Japanese Americans to develop a sense of community, despite facing racial discrimination and economic challenges. Additionally, the book highlights the differences between the experiences of Japanese Americans and other racial minorities, such as African Americans, emphasizing that the unique economic role of Japanese Americans led to different conflicts and outcomes. The work provides an important analysis of middleman minorities and contributes to broader discussions on ethnic and economic identity. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
The Thrift Debacle
The Thrift Debacle by Ned Eichler analyzes what he terms the greatest regulatory failure in American history: the collapse of the savings and loan industry and the enormous taxpayer burden created by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC). Originally designed in the 1930s to stabilize the housing market during the Great Depression, FSLIC provided federal deposit insurance to thrifts, institutions whose main role was financing residential mortgages. For decades the system seemed stable, but by the late twentieth century changing economic conditions and the political appeal of deregulation destabilized the entire sector. Policymakers, driven by ideology rather than sober assessment, removed protective regulations without addressing the structural weaknesses of thrifts, including their limited purpose, shrinking role, and negligible capital base. Eichler argues that the "debacle" was not the result of deliberate corruption but rather of blind adherence to an idea that ignored fundamental realities. Eichler frames the crisis as a textbook case of policy divorced from prudence. He identifies seven ignored truths: there were already too many banks; thrifts had value only in providing home loans, a declining necessity; they were wholly creatures of the federal government; by 1980 they had virtually no capital; undercapitalized institutions had a record of failure; and the scale of potential losses was enormous. Yet deregulation advocates, supported by Congress and emboldened by the Reagan administration, insisted that deposit insurance, the special role of thrifts, and deregulation could coexist without consequence. In reality, deregulation amplified risk while shielding thrifts from accountability, setting the stage for losses approaching \$100 billion. By showing how ideology overwhelmed economic logic, The Thrift Debacle serves as both history and cautionary tale, underscoring the dangers of ignoring institutional limits when pursuing sweeping reforms in the financial sector. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
Creating Livable Asian Cities
This book explores how Asia's fast-growing cities can fulfill their potential as engines of economic prosperity and provide a livable environment for all citizens. Major challenges faced by Asian cities include poor planning, a lack of affordable housing, inequalities, pollution, climate vulnerabilities, and urban infrastructure deficits. The book's 19 articles unwrap these challenges and present solutions focusing on smart and inclusive planning, sustainable transport and energy, innovative financing, and resilience and rejuvenation.
Norway’s Sovereign Wealth Fund
This book elaborates on how Norway has managed to convert a large fraction of its endowment of hydrocarbons below the seabed of Norwegian waters into financial wealth, invested in the world's capital markets. Further, it explains how this wealth is managed. Under the current guidelines, only the assessed return on investment may be allotted to public budgets. This ensures that the wealth will benefit both current and future generations. The capital is gathered in the Sovereign Wealth Fund - or State Pension Fund Global (SPF-G) -, which is intended to maximize capital value without exceeding acceptable risks. The book offers new insights into the history and management of the fund, examines its successes, and discusses future challenges. Given its scope, it appeals to scholars of economics, finance and political science, and to anyone interested in the sustainable investment of natural resource-based revenues.
